the irap methodology - unece · 2018. 3. 15. · + rumble strips + sight distance + roadside...

ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE REVIEWCapacity Building Workshop for Uganda

iRAP METHODOLOGYRacheal M. N. NganwaAfricaRAP Lead 1 & 2 March 2018

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Vision: a world free of high risk roadsVision: a world free of high risk roads

Registered charityRegistered charity

About iRAP:About iRAP:

Mission: maximizing travel on 3‐star or better roads for all road users

Assessed over 900,000km in over 80 Countries world wideAssessed over 900,000km in over 80 Countries world wide


KenyaiRAP assessment + SRIPs ($US100m to cut KSI by 25%)

KenyaiRAP assessment + SRIPs ($US100m to cut KSI by 25%)

South AfricaSARAP assessments and capacity building Star rating schools project + SRIPs

South AfricaSARAP assessments and capacity building Star rating schools project + SRIPs

Tanzania3,116km assessed + SRIPs +capacity building. National project in procurement

Tanzania3,116km assessed + SRIPs +capacity building. National project in procurement

Accra120km assessed + SRIPs + capacity building

Accra120km assessed + SRIPs + capacity building

RAP IN AFRICA

Egypt3,273km assessed + SRIPs

Egypt3,273km assessed + SRIPs Addis Ababa

150km assessed + SRIPs + capacity building

Addis Ababa150km assessed + SRIPs + capacity building

Uganda2,657km assessed + SRIPs + capacity building

Uganda2,657km assessed + SRIPs + capacity building

Botswana50km demonstration assessment + SRIPs + ViDAworkshop (proposal)

Botswana50km demonstration assessment + SRIPs + ViDAworkshop (proposal)

Ivory Coast50km assessed + SRIPsIvory Coast50km assessed + SRIPs

Senegal391km assessed + SRIPsSenegal391km assessed + SRIPs

NigeriaDemonstration projectNigeriaDemonstration project


IRAP IN UGANDA• Assessed 2,472km in 2010

• Developed Star Ratings & Safer Roads Investment Plan for implementation

• Road safety improvements proposed across the network

• Some improvements implemented in 2011 during construction on the Masaka –Mbarara road.

• Recommendations informed the Gulu Atiak, Vurra – Oraba& Rukungiri – Ishasha designs


KAMPALA AND SURROUNDINGAREAS

• Assessed 185 km in 2017

• Developed Star Ratings & Safer Roads Investment Plan for implementation

• Road safety improvements proposed across the network


Road safety engineering

• Role of the Road Safety Engineer to ensure that road infrastructure is designed and built to minimise the likelihood of road crashes and to reduce the severity of those crashes that do occur.

• Road deaths are not inevitable. We know the causes and we have the answers


UN Decade of Action (2011-2020)

• Supported by 90+ countries• To reduce global road FSI by

50%


The need for a system-based, strategic, perspective

“For the first 50 years of motorization in the United States, Australia and Europe, the almost exclusive emphasis was on trying to prevent crashed by changing the behaviour of individual drivers. This delayed – for decades – the recognition and application of possible prevention measures in other components of the causal chain leading to injury.” (Williams, 2000, p.1)


Safe System: interaction between road users, vehicles and road infrastructure

Road

BehaviourVehicle

A shared responsibility

Education EngineeringEnforcementEmergency Care


The Safe Road System

• Aims to develop a road transport system that is better able to accommodate human error

• Acknowledges that humans are fallible and that crashes will happen

• Takes into account the vulnerability of the human body

• Mistakes made on the highway need not have fatal and serious outcomes

• System relies on multi-disciplined approach


How iRAP work

Life-Saving CountermeasuresRecommendations for simple, affordable improvements

g p j

ImplementationRecommendations built into road designs and projects

y

InspectionsGeo-reference video data of the road collected. Record 50 road features that influence serious casualty risk..

y

Risk assessmentInfrastructure features that influence road user risk recorded for car occupants, pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists

TrainingRisk assessment and countermeasures for local engineers

Star Ratings Car occupants, pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists


SURVEY -> STAR RATING -> SRIPS -> ACTION


Star Ratings

• Developed by world-leading road safety research agencies

• Simple and objective measure of the level of safety provided by road infrastructure

• Ability to set minimum safety levels for each road user type

• Use as a performance indicator to demonstrate reduction in risk


• Proactive assessment of risk for 4 major road users • 50 road attributes assessed every 100m• Record features that are known to effect the

likelihood and severity of a crash• Based on crash studies from around the world• Objective performance scores (Star Ratings)

Median type

Operating Speed

Lane width

Number of lanes

Paved shoulders

Roadside hazards

Intersection type

Horizontal alignment

Delineation

Road condition

iRAP Star Rating


STAR RATINGS

www.irap.org

KSI

cos

t / v

Kt


Safer Roads Investment Plan

• How can we improve the safety in an affordable way?

• What is feasible in terms of engineering and what would it cost?

• How many deaths and serious injuries would we prevent?


Example Countermeasure

Road section 1

SRS = 6

AADT = 1,000

Length = 0.1

600

X

Deaths = 506 * 1000 * 0.1 * 0.08

X

X

=

Before

Road section 1

SRS = 1.0

AADT = 1,000

Length = 0.1

100

X

Fatality factor = 0.08

Deaths = 81.0 * 1000 * 0.1 * 0.08

X

X

=

After

Fatality factor = 0.08

Apply countermeasures new SRS


Safer Roads Investment Plan

• SRIP provides a list of economically viable road safety countermeasures

• Designed to reduce numbers of deaths and serious injuries on the surveyed road network

• Based on Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) from latest research – used in the iRAP methodology to relate attributes and risk of death and serious injury


SRIP overview• Countermeasure generation

– Considers 90 different treatments every 100m segment

– Triggers: prerequisite conditions must be met based on star rating, road condition/attribute and traffic volume

– Application rules apply: minimum separation of point treatments and minimum length of linear treatments

– Hierarchy of treatments: high effectiveness treatments (i.e. grade separation) will take precedent over less effective treatments


SRIP overview

• Economic analysis of proposed countermeasures– Estimate of the number of deaths and serious injuries

likely to be prevented– Compare cost of treatments with predicted savings

from crashes prevented (the benefit) – Countermeasures must exceed BCR of 1 (that is the

benefits must be greater than the costs) to be included in list of recommended treatments


Countermeasure Details in SRIP


Examples of applying treatments


Motorcycle lane?Improve delineation

Remove roadside hazards

MNR:9.800km


MNR:10.500km

Regulate commercial roadside activityCentral hatching


MRN:13.700km

Improve delineation at intersection

Signalise 3-leg intersection

Paved shoulder/ bicycle lane


Manila South Road

Paved shoulder

Roadside safety barrier

Central hatching


The solutions are known


Road Safety Toolkit toolkit.irap.org


Road Safety Toolkit toolkit.irap.org

• Provides free information on the causes and prevention of serious road crashes.

• Building on decades of road safety research, the Toolkit helps engineers, planners and policy makers develop safety plans for all road users.

• For each crash type you are given a range of countermeasures related to the road infrastructure with their estimated costs and their capacity to reduce FSIs. You are also given information on the vehicle countermeasures as well as how to effect the road users themselves to reduce the FSIs for that crash type.

• Provides some case studies and some pictures of where the various countermeasures have been implemented

• Benefits and implementation issues for each countermeasure• Road Safety Management guidance – crash costing, Data

systems, Road safety plans etc.


When is iRAP used?•National Transport / Road Safety Strategy•Introduce safety management systems for identifying and mitigating risk• Setting targets, such as “roads of national importance must at least 4‐stars”

Policy

•Mass action treatment of hazardous locations•Large‐scale risk assessments of existing road networks•Guide investment and track risk over time

Network planning

•Assessing safety benefits of road projects (new roads and road upgrades)

•Developing targeted safety projects

Feasibility / concept

•Assessing risk for design iterations and standard cross sections•Guidance on countermeasure options and economic assessmentsDetailed

design•Post‐construction evaluations•Before and after studies •Performance tracking

Evaluation


Example: Class II HighwayLevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT=10,000 vpd, 1 curve/km, 1 intersection/km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk


Example: Class II HighwayLevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT=10,000 vpd, 1 curve/km, 1 intersection/km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)


For more information

Racheal Nganwa, AfricaRAP Lead: [email protected]

• Website: http://www.irap.org

• Road Safety Toolkit: http://toolkit.irap.org

• iRAP online software: http://vida.irap.org


Thank you

www.irap.org

the irap methodology - unece · 2018. 3. 15. · + rumble strips + sight distance + roadside...

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