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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 1 out of 38

The ‘Isms’ of Allah azwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 2 out of 38

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings .......................................................................... 3 Introduction: ............................................................................................................................... 3 The Word ‘Rab’:......................................................................................................................... 4 The Word ‘Rabubiya’: ................................................................................................................ 5 Rab as ‘Ism’ (Noun) in Holy Quran Refers to ‘Allahazwj: ............................................................ 6 ‘Rab’ in the Meanings of Owner/Master .................................................................................... 7 Rab-ul-Arz for Infallible Masoomeenasws.................................................................................... 9 An Extract from a Detailed Hadith on the Use of Rab for an Infallible Imamasws: .................... 10 Amir-ul-Momaneenasws Had Punished those who Called himasws ‘Howa’ ................................ 14 The Attributes of a Divine Imamasws......................................................................................... 16 The Names of Allahazwj ............................................................................................................ 16 Can we Say Aliasws Rab? ......................................................................................................... 19 Shirk or Intercession................................................................................................................ 20 Acts Carried out on Allahazwj’s Behalf are Referred to ‘His Acts’ ............................................. 21 Questions in Grave i.e., ‘Mun Raboka’ .................................................................................... 23 Those Who Say ‘Imam’ to a ‘Mujtahid’ and Take Religion from Them Will be in Trouble: ..... 23 Appendix I................................................................................................................................ 24 Appendix II............................................................................................................................... 27 Appendix III.............................................................................................................................. 31 Appendix IV ............................................................................................................................. 31 Appendix V: ............................................................................................................................. 32 Appendix VI ............................................................................................................................. 35

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The ‘Isms’ of Allah azwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings

Introduction:

We only know Allahazwj through Hisazwj qualities, i.e., ‘Raheem’, ‘Kareem’, ‘Hakeem’, ‘Baseer’ we also know and use some of Allahazwj’s ‘Ism’ (name) in the form of noun, i.e., ‘Rahman’, ‘Jabbar’, ‘Kahhar’, in all these names, Hisazwj qualities are praised and reflected. However, in some of the other ‘Ism’ of Allahazwj, Hisazwj Attributes are not revealed, i.e., ‘Howa’, ‘Allah’. The meanings of the word ‘Allah’ has been explained by Masomeenasws but still the explicit qualities of the word ‘Allah’ are still hidden from the general public and its use as an ‘Ism’ is exclusively for Allah/Howaazwj. As Imam Jafar-e-Sadiqasws explains the meanings of the word ‘Allah’ in the following tradition:

�� أ�� ] ���� ا����ر[ �، ] ا������[ �� �� � !�ا�� ا����� �� ا�, & �ر �� ا�� �+وف �� '&�ان �� $#�" �� �.5 ا�/ � ا�+ �!� ا�+ 5�� �34ل ا���ء �1�ء ا�/ � و ا�.- 678 ���� ا�/ � ع أ� ��� 8=�ء ا�/ � و ا�!�5 /> ا�/ � ;�ل ;/: ا�/

!# � و��$�=� ;/: �1��4ء �34ل ه�ان �!� ���< 3/� � � ا�= 5�� ����$�=� و ا�/ �م إB�ام ا�/ �3/� "/� ��ا �34ل اD >�E���ء ا�/ G '�� ��= H!��� ا5���� ;/: ا�+ 5�� ;�ل ��!I� 51� ;/: ا�+ �!� ;�ل/� � و Dل #! � '/�ات ا�/

The alphabet ‘Alif’ means that Allahazwj has Blessed Hisazwj creation for the sake of ourasws love and Wilyat, the alphabet ‘Laam’ means that Allahazwj has Made compulsory on people to submit to ourasws Wilayat and ‘Ha’ means those who hold animosity against usasws will be humiliated both in this World as well as in the Hereafter.1

Some of Allahazwj‘s names, in the meanings of Hisazwj qualities (adjective) are also used by Hisazwj creation but in different meanings. Imam Ali Rezaasws says: Allahazwj has given some of Hisazwj names to Hisazwj creation so that they understand Hisazwj Commands, but the meanings of these names are different. The meaning of the same ‘Ism’ is different for Himazwj as compared to the ones which are applied to His servants, even though the ‘Ism’ is the same. (Full text of the Hadith is given in Appendix I).

As a noun or an entity, we simply, can neither comprehend Allahazwj nor Hisazwj ‘al-Noor-e-Awwal’ (the First Noor-the Masomeenasws), we cannot even interpret the meanings of the ‘Al-Noor’, which is a Divine Entity - certainly beyond our imagination! Amir-ul-Momaneenasws says, whatever you perceive of Himazwj will only be your own creation and something other than Himazwj2. It will be like worshiping an idol, if one creates an image of Allahazwj, as some of the Muslim sects do. Similarly, establishing images of Masomeenasws will also be our own creation and certainly not themasws. Therefore, we have categorically been asked

6T4 �8رة ا�&�G#R و R&.�+ه� -29 ��ب 231 �89#�را���ار 1

2 Nahjul Balagha, Sermon 1, Creation of Earth and Sky and the birth of Adam

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 4 out of 38

to refrain from discussing about Himazwj as Self or His Divine entitiesasws, as per the following traditions:

�� اI�.5 و ا�,�Uرة ��E8ل آ��: إ�" أ�� ا�#.� ع أ�; � !# #! � �� ا�#.� �� 618 �� ز$�د �� �!Bة �� �Y �/Z!آ [�� � .5 و �� '�رة 4[�\ 8�#�ن 6و روا_ #! � ء �� �� أ�� ��� ا�/ � إ� � أ� � 5� $.5- ا�+

Mohammed ibn al-Hassan has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad, who from Hamza ibn Mohammed who said the following:

‘One I wrote to Imam abu al-Hassanasws (al-thalith, the 3rd) asking about the body and form (of Allah). Imamasws wrote in reply, ‘Glorious is Heazwj, similar to Whom there is nothing. Heazwj neither has a body nor any form.’3

���/�- �� ر�ب ���&+ ع #! � �� ا�#.� �� 618 �� ز$�د �� ا�#.� �� #��ب أ�� �,�+ ;�ل ;�ل أ�� B$+� ��R[/ !�ا c/� �4 ا�/ � و �� R�[/ !�ا �4 ا�/ � b4ن ا�[/�م �4 ا�/ � �� $Bداد '���� إ� � U�#R+ا و �4 روا$G أ�+ى

�Y -6ا �4 آ�! /]R R �� ء و � �[/ !�ا �4 ذات ا�/

Mohammed ibn al-Hassan has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad, who from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub, who from Ali ibn Riab, who from Abu Basir, who has narrated from:

Imam Jafar-e-Sadiqasws who said: ‘Speak about the creation of Allahazwj but do not speak about Allahazwj HimSelf. Speaking about Allahazwj’s Self does not add anything to one’s knowledge but instead further confusion.’ In another Hadith from Hariz it reads, speak about everything but do not speak about Allah’s Self.4

�� �� 5/. �� � !# ����� ا�#!�� �� ا��/�ء �� رز$� �� � !# �� ���� �� � !# ة � أ'#��=� �� أ�!� �� �&+ ع ;�ل إ$ �آ5 و ا�� &[U+ �4 ا�/ � و �[� إذا أرد5R أ � أ�� 5 �/3�e�� e��4+وا إ�" �!e� ن e=R+وا إ�"

A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Mohammed ibn Khalid, who from Mohammed ibn Abd al-Hamid, who from al-Ala’ ibn Razin, who from Mohammed ibn Muslim, who from:

Imam Abu Jafarasws, who said the following: ‘Beware of thinking about Allahazwj’s Self. If you like to think about the greatness of Allahazwj, think about His great wonderful creations.’

� ا�.fم�/� �/� �م gا ���; � G ر58 ا����د$g g Gدراك ا�+����: " �;g 63أن ا��G

Amir-ul-Momaneenasws says: ‘(One) is blessed with ‘Aql’5 to submit himself but not try to unfold the mysteries of ‘Rabubiya’.6

The Word ‘Rab’:

Coming back to our topic of ‘Rab and Rabubiya’, after establishing that we cannot think about Allahazwj’s Self but only about Hisazwj attributes, Hisazwj

10: ص 1: ا�[��4 ج 3 ��ب ا�= 1� �� ا�[/�م �4 ا�[�&� G 92: ص 1: ج ا�[��4 4

5 A quality through which, Allahazwj and His Divine Representativesasws and their commands are recognised, e.g., see Al-Kafi, vol. 1, pg. 10. 6 Bahrul Moarif, Nahjul Israr, vol.2, pg. 380.

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bounties, Hisazwj great creations, we can now look at the meanings of the words ‘Rab and Rabubiya’.

The word ‘Rab’ is an adjective meaning the one with ‘upper hand’, the owner (see for example, Arabic dictionary al-Munjid)7, as we will see from various Verses of Holy Quran (Appendix II) as explained by the traditions of Masomeenasws, the word ‘Rab’ has also been used for those who have had held these qualities, the ownership, master ship, leadership. The word ‘Rab’ has also been used in the form of ‘Ism’ (noun) for Allahazwj in several Verses of Holy Quran.

The Word ‘Rabubiya’:

The noun of the word ‘Rab’, when used as an adjective, is ‘Rabubiya’ which refers to an ‘Entity’, which cannot be anyone but Allahazwj, this is the reason we have been asked in several traditions of Masomeenasws to refrain from ascribing the word ‘Rabubiya’ to themasws. In a long tradition, Imam Ali Rezaasws has explained the meanings of the word ‘Rabubiya’:

�=" ا�+G ����U إذ �� +��ب ��8

The meaning of the ‘Rabubiya’ is: The ‘One’ who has no other sustainer(s)’ (see Appendix III).

In one of the sermons, Amir-ul-Momaneenasws says:

�/�51 ا�.fم أ�51 ;���ا 51=��=� ��eظ ا��G$+q $�=� ا��opط ا��� �IRز �/�[B� 5ه��� �� ا�+����G وار��4ا : و- �4 G3s�=ا� G����+ا� G!/]وا� ، G$+q�4 ا���1آ6 ا�� G� f4 $�3س �=� أ�� � ا�=�س، ��b4 �#.� ا�8+ار اG�1�t �!�د

>'�R g vا G!e� ا�^.�د ا��+ا��G ، و;���ا ��� ذاك � اb4 5��o�8ن ا��#+ B=$ gف ، و

‘Keep us clear of the title of ‘Rabubiya’ but keep us above those qualities which could be attained by the human beings.9

Similarly, Amir-ul-Momaneenasws says, in another sermon ‘Rabubiya’ is due to Hisazwj Self rather than any signs that are present in creation and one cannot comprehend His ‘Rabubiya’.10

Amir-ul-Momaneenasws says in another sermon: ‘I know hypocrites say that ‘Ali’ has ascribed himself to the level of ‘Rabubiya’. Beware; only give the verdict which will be verified from you in the time of need. Indeed, Aliasws is a Divine Noor and receives his sustenance (From Allahazwj), whoever says contrary to it, will be cursed by Allahazwj and those who join in sending ‘lanaan’ (curses).11

In the following Verse of Holy Quran:

7 Al-Munjid, pg. 271. 8 See the complete hadith in Appendix III 9 Nahjul Asrar, vol.1, pg. 47, Bahrul Moarif, pg. 455, Kalamat-e-Maknuna, pg. 169, 10 Nahjul Asrar, vol.1, pg. 105, Bahrul Moarif, pg. 353, 11 Nahjul Asrar, vol.1, pg. 144, Bahrul Moarif, pg. 384,

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 6 out of 38

� � � }:5525{� $=&51� و�� $U+Tه5 وآ�ن ا�[�4+ �/" ر�-� �1w+ا و$���ون � دون ا�/

And they serve besides Allah that which neither pro fits them nor causes them harm; and the unbeliever is a partisan against his Lord.

ر�-� �1w+ا ;�ل �/�U �� إ�+اه�5 ;� $.! " اb��.�ن ر�� آ3��� اذآ+�� �=� ر�-> و /"و آ�ن ا�[�4+ �] R&.�+ ا�3!�[�Y <�� U6آ "/�� و آ�ن ا�[�4+ ��34 � =�� �1w+ا ر�-� �1w+ا �34ل ا�[�4+ ا�Z ��� آ�ن �/ ء $.! " ر� H!�ا +� " أ

Ali bin Ibrahim narrates: And in this Holy verse ‘kafir’ is referred to as ‘Sani’ and ‘Rab’ is referred to Ali Amir-ul-Momaneenasws. And here ‘Zahira’ means, that the ‘Sani’ is an off-spring of Iblisla in terms of animosity and Shirk.12

Rab as ‘Ism’ (Noun) in Holy Quran Refers to ‘Allah azwj:

In the Holy Quran, the word ‘Rab’, as an ‘Ism’ (noun) has been mentioned at several places; see for example in the following references:

�/�- �� ا� �� � !# U+!$ 6 ���+ آ� G و ��] أ�!� �� �� ا�#.�� �� أ�� ا��/�ء ;�ل E8�: أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع �� ا�+ 5]# G ل ا�+ آ�B=$ أن ��/�� د�� ;�ل ��] � إن� رب� ا���ء ه� رب� ا��رض �������

Ahmed ibn Mohammed has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam, who from al-Hussain ibn abu al-Ala’ who has said the following:

‘I once asked abu Abd Allahasws, about a man who passes by a well but does not have a bucket (to draw water). Imamasws replied: It is not necessary for him to climb down the well; The ‘Rab’ of the water is ‘Howa’ that who is also the ‘Rab’ of the earth; he must perform Tayammum.13’14

Here ‘Howa’ clearly indicates that the word ‘Rab’ is referred to Allahazwj in the form of a noun.

�~اب ا3��+ �34ل إن � رب اE�رض ه� ربU ا1��اءو �4 روا$G أ�+ى 678 أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع �� ا�!,/�ب $,�� � Go�� ا3��+ �Yأ Go�� �o�T�4 6 إ�" ا1��اء �B و � 4���� ا�/

Someone asked abu Abd Allahasws, ‘Does a person who dies because of being hanged to death, suffer the severe pressure of the grave? The Imamasws replied: The Rab of the earth is also ‘Howa’ that is also the Rab of the air and it (air) applies a pressure on the deceased, which is greater than the pressure of the grave.15

�/�- �� ر�ب �� أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع ;�ل إن ���� ا�� #��ب ".�� �� � !# �� ة � أ'#��=� �� أ�!� �� �!��ا �4 .I� ر�8ل ا�/ � ص �4 � �=� أ � G �4 إ �رة �Z!�ن ا G��ا !� !G� و ه5 $+$�ون أن $Bو- $�م

� أن $op\ �=� و �E.� G��/�� ا�. � 6Ip� 51 ���� ه6 �[5 أنT�� 51 �34ل= =�� ع ;+$\ H!�ا +� =51 و أ �/ ر� $6Ip و �b4 5 /]�� �=� \opR و �#� �+$� أن G��/4 ���/4 و-جB� �34��ا $� أ�� ا�#.� إ� � �+$� أن �$��� ���[/�م E4;�/�ا إ��

169: ص 36: �#�را���ار ج 12 13 Al-Kafi, H 4089, Ch. 41, h. 7, volume 3 14 Tradition no. 9 of this chapter also has the same meanings of the word ‘Rab’ referred to Allahazwj. 15 Al-Kafi, H 4687, Ch. 86, h. 17., also Manlah Yahzar-ul-Faqhi, hadith, no. 584

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 7 out of 38

� ��� �� " ;�ل ا�#!� ���- ���� ���� ا�!�3�-م ������� ا�&� �ل �!� $+$� �34ل e�=R 614+ون أ��ا �34��ا �� 4� ا�/ p!�ا � /� � و ا�!/> ا���ذخ � qا� -B��و ا � � oا� c4E�ذي ا � --- ءا�!���د ������ء رب- اE�رض و ا�. !�ا�!#�U=��� \I�ر دون �/3

In the sermon of Nikah, again the ‘Rab’ is referred to Allahazwj , The Rab of the earth and skies.16

Similarly, in Holy Quran there are several Verses where Allahazwj has been called with the ‘Ism’ ‘Rab’, for example see the Verses below:

رب إ�� �/�ب * (، ) * 11:45رب إن ا�=� � أه/�: (، و;�ل ��ح) * 7:23ر�=� w/!=� أ�&.=�: (;�ل Dدم: رب ه\ �� : * (، و;�ل إ�+اه�5) * 23:26رب ا�,+�� �!� آ~��ن: * (و;�ل ه�د) * ���454:10,+

ذ ��دى ر�� وأ$�ب إ: * (، ود��ء أ$�ب) * 26:169رب �I=� وأه/� !� $�!/�ن: * (و;�ل ��ط) * �26:21[!�ر�=� ا��4 ��==� و��� ;� =� : (و�#�_ ��+_، و;�ل ��Y\) * 21:83أ�� .=� ا�T+ وأ�: أر�5 ا�+ا�!��

c#���7:89 * ("8� : * إ�" ��+ ذ�>، و;�ل 8/�!�ن) * 28:16رب إ�� w/!: �&.�: * (و��+ ذ�>، و;�ل )�]/ * ، ) * 3:38 ه\ �� � ���> ذر$G��s Gرب: * (و��+ ذ�>، و;�ل زآ+$�) * 38:35رب ا�&+ �� وه\ �� و��+ ذ�>، و;�ل ��." �� ) * 3:47 رب أ�" $[�ن �� و��: * (، و;��: +$5) * 21:89رب R g~ر�� 4+دا(

5$+ �`�ة: * ( �=�/� =� �!� أ��B:: * (، و;�ل ا�#�ار$�ن) * 5:114ا�/51 ر�=� أ�Bل D �=3:53ر� (

‘Rab’ in the Meanings of Owner/Master

In both Quran and traditions of Masomeenasws, the word ‘Rab’ has been mentioned on several occasions in the in the meanings of owner/master - as an adjective:

+�!��� ا�� أ�� ".�� �� � !# #! � �� �!+ان �� أ��ن �� R�/\ ;�ل ;�ل �� ة � أ'#��=� �� أ�!� �� �� � '��\ ا�#6�p��� Gq� و 51� ا�&�6 1���م ا���: +Uوا 6�b� ���� ا�!o /\ 4.�;�ه� 4�/� أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع �! � أن و

��ء ذ�> !�ن �� ا�!RE4 \/ o" '��\ ا�#Gq� 6��4 ا��ذن �34ل ه~ا ��� ا�!o /\ �� ه�5Y ;�ل و � $�qء ;�ل ا�� +� ه~ا ر��#'E� Gq�#�ا </ � �4 إ6� �� �8;�ه� $.E�> رد ه� �34ل 7: إ�" ���� ا� ~ي $���_ E�ه� 51!���] ;�م و ز

�; � ���! +�� \/ o!�ا ���� إ�/� �34ل �/�� �&�/: ردUوا .�ك �� ه�b�ا �=�E8 �� � ل �> و ه� $.E�=� إs/�ق إ�/� أ �#� \/ o!�ا ���ا�!/> E4��+_ �34ل ��� ا�!o /\ أ�� ربU ا6�b� و 1�~ا ا���: رب� $!=�� 4+د ت إ��� إ�/� و ا�,+ف

� �34ل �/&�6 $� 4+,= �4 6�&��� +!4 ��B= ��ءوا �> �34ل ا�&�6 �+أ8 #!�د 4#+ ك ا�&�6 رأ8� �34ل �� أ R�ري 5� o!�ا ����ءوا �> 1���م ��: ر�-> أ 4�+اك �4�6 ذ�> �34ل �+أ8� �� �4�,+ف \/ o!�ا ���� 4/! � �� �34ل �B= /\ إ�"

�=� ذ�> ا�6 اR +e��4 6�I�+ى � �ا�� ���� \/ o!�ا ����/51� �34ل �=� أ'�#�ا ��وا �� ����ل ا�#+م E4�" و ا!� �34ل �� �� و E�وY> أن $,�\ 4/! � أن ;+ب ;�ل ه� 7�Y� �34ل أرى 8�ادا � ;6� ا��#+ 4 � �,+ك أ��,$ ��3ل �

=�3ر_ �,�ة 6Z �,�ة اp�~ف أو دون �,�ة اp�~ف �34ل �4 +�s U66 آ!#$ �4+���� ا�!o /\ و s�+ آ�Z+ و �� أ G !� أ3�: ا�#,�ة 4�;�: آU6 �,�ة �/" ه� � R+$� إ� � ا3��م �� " �! � '�روا 4�ق رءو518 أ \/ o!�ا ���رب-

51= � د�+_ 34�/�� 4!� ا�&/: : +p4 6 � �,�ة 34�/��ر�/�6 وا�� $p�+ ا�= �س 4/! � أن أ��+ه5 أ3�: إ� � ر

Some of our companions have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Muhammad ibn Humran from Aban ibn Taghlib who has said the following. "Abu ‘Abdallahasws has said, ‘When the fellow from Ethiopia marched with horse and elephants to destroy the Ka‘ba. They passed by the camels of ‘Abd al-Muttalibasws and herded them together. When ‘Abd al-Muttalib learned about this he went to the man from Ethiopia and asked permission for a meeting. His man told him that ‘Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim asks permission for a meeting. He said, "What does he want?" The translator said, "He has come asking that his camels be released." The king of Ethiopia said to his people, "This is the leader and the chief of the people here. I have come to

16 Al-Kafi, �4�]ا�=[�ح 369 5ا� \o� 369: ص ..... ��ب

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 8 out of 38

destroy his house of worship but he asks me to order the release of his camels. Had he asked me not to destroy the house I would have done so. Release his cameels." ‘Abd al-Muttalib asked the translator. "What did the king say?" When the words of the king were explained to him heasws said, "I am the ‘Rab’ owner of the camels. The house has the Owner Who is to protect it. Hisasws camels were release and ‘Abd al-Muttalib returned home. Heasws passed by the elephant on his way home. He said to the elephant, "O Muhmud. The elephant shook his head. Then he said, "Do you know why they have brought you here?" The elephant said by shaking his head, "No, I do not know." ‘Abd al-Muttalibasws said, "They have brought you to destroy the house of your Lordazwj. Will you do so?" The elephant replied by shaking his head said, "I will not do so." ‘Abd al-Muttalibasws returned home. Next morning they tried to force the elephant to enter the Holy precinct to destroy it but the elephant refused. ‘Abd al-Muttalib at that time said to some of his servants, "Climb up the hill and see if you observe anything." He said, "I can see black spots in the direction of the sea. Heasws asked, "Do you see all of it" He said, "Not all of it but almost. When the black spots came closer he said, "They are great many birds. I can see that every bird has a pebble in his beak of the size thrown with a finger." ‘Abd al-Muttalib said, "By Allah, the Lord of ‘Abd al-Muttalib that the birds aim only those people." When the birds arrived over their heads they threw the pebble on their heads and every pebble fell on top of their scales and pierced its way down to their bottom end and left them dead. Only one man was left alive who went with the news to the others. When he gave them the new a pebble fell on his head and killed him too."17

In Uyun Akhbar Al-Reza, Imam Ali Razaasws replied to Mamoon Rashid when he put blame on the Virtues of Prophetsas.

� ا�.fم(آ!� ;��� ا�+�� �/��,!G ا�����ء) �� ��E8 ��� ن� E!6 . �4 ^�اب ا�,& >$+Y �$�� 2(وه� .( G$ن). 3(ا�+وا$�ت وا�[/!�ت ��ل ه~_ ا���) * 26:23و � رب ا����!��: * (آ/!�ت ا�+ازي ��ل H8ال 4+

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vدون ا � � ا�.fم(، آ!� $.�&�د � آ/!�ت ا���;+ ) * 9:31�/� ( G$�4 ه~_ ا�)ا�.�`] وا�!��+ ). 4 "=�!� �I$و �=" آfم ���g أ �+ . وا�!,/� وا�.��، آ!� �4 ا�!=�I و��+_ +1e$ �3مR � "/� =�� وH!م(ا�f.ا� ��/� ( ���

�� دا�G ا�رض �34ل 678 :� . ه� رب ا�رض ا�~ي R.[� ا�رض �

Iman Ali Rezaasws gave a detailed reply to Mamoon Rashidla when hela question the infallibility of the Prophetsas, complete hadith could be found elsewhere18 but briefly, when Firon asked (from Musaas) Who is the ‘Rab ul Alameen’? Musaasws replied: You! But this was in the meanings of ‘Malik’ (owner). Similarly, the words of Prophet Yousifas are quoted by Allahazwj in the Quran: ‘…..Remember me with your ‘Rab’; but the Shaitan caused him to forget mentioning (it) to his ‘Rab’ (lord), so he remained in the prison a few years. Here, again the meanings of the word Rab is the ‘owner’, so addressed to other than Allahazwj.

� ص 1ا�[��4 17R�4ا�=�� ص و و ��� ��447ب 18 Uyun Akhbar Al-Reza by Sheikh Sadooq, vol. 1, pp. 354.

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In Holy Quran (9:31) Allahazwj Says: They take their priests and their anchorites to be their lords in derogation of Allah, (upon being asked) Imam Baqirasws has said: Yet do they worship, besides Allah, things that can neither profit them nor harm them: and the disbeliever is a helper (of Evil), against his own Lord (25:55), the meanings of the Rab here implies to Amir-ul-Momaneenasws!.

In another place, Amir-ul-Momaneenasws was asked about the ‘Daba tul Arz’, Amir-ul-Momaneenasws replied, that is the Rab-ul-Arz’ which gives comfort to the inhabitants of the earth.

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<� ���+ � ر�8ل ا�/ � ص �!� E8ل ا�/ � ص � + E4 �1R�� ��� �Yة �+ <�E8�34ل أ <� �� 68 …..

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father, who from ibn Mahbub, who from Jamil ibn Salih, who from Yazid al-Kunasiy, who has narrated the following:

Abu Jafarasws has said that once before Islam, the Messenger of Allahsaww, stayed with a man in Taef who served him (Prophetsaww) well. When Allahazwj sent Mohammedsaww to people (to give Divine Message of Islam), the man was asked: ‘Do you know that who has sent to people bu Allahazwj? He replied: No, I do not know.’ They told him: ‘He is the Mohammedsaww ibn Abd Allah, the orphan brought up by Abu Talibasws. Hesaww is the one who stayed with you in Taef on such and such day and you served himsaww well.’ Imamasws said that the man came to Prophetsaww offered greeting of peace and accepted Islam. He then asked: ‘Do you know me, O Messengersaww of Allah?’ The Prophetsaww asked him: ‘Who are you?’ He replied: I am the ‘Rab’ of that house where you stayed in Taef in the time of the ignorance on such and such day and I served yousaww well. The Prophetsaww said: You are welcome. What Can I do for you?’ He said: I ask yousaww to give me one hundred sheep along with its shepherd. The Prophetsaww commanded to give him what he had asked for.19

Rab-ul-Arz for Infallible Masoomeen asws

There are several traditions of Masomeenasws, which state that ‘an Imam of the earth is the ‘Rab’ of the earth’. For example:

رب ا�رض ���ي

In a long tradition, reported by Sulam bin Qais Hilali, Prophet Mohammedsaww said: (Ya Aliasws) youasws are ‘Rab-ul-Arz’ after mesaww.20 (see the complete hadith in Appendix IV).

19 Al-Kafi, H.14592, h. 144, volume 8, ( 156: ص 8: ا�[��4 ج ) 685: ;�] ص �� 5�/8 آ��ب 20

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 10 out of 38

�� ا� -��B!�ح ا� �' ���!+ أ� � 8!� أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع $�3ل �4 ;�ل ا�/ � ا58�3� �� ا�+ ��� �� 6 T&! ����و أ ;/: b4ذا �+ج $[�ن � ذا ;�ل إذا $.��=� ا�= �س �� ;�ل ربU اE�رض إ �م اE�رض(39:69) ا��رض "#�ر ر"! �

�م ��ءb�ءون �=�ر اB�I$ و ��ر ا3�!+ و [! qا�

Qasim ibn Arbehy heard it from Sabah al-Muzini, who from al-Mufassal bin Ummer who says:

I heard it from Imam Abu Abdullahasws that Imamasws said: ‘In the Words of Allahazwj And the Earth will shine with the Glory of its Lord : (39:69) means that the Imamasws of the Earth is the ‘Rab’ of the Earth. And when our last ‘Hujjatajfj’ will appear, the Earth will become so bright that people of the Earth will neither need the Sunshine and nor the Moonlight.21

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�م �+ج $[�ن � ذا ;�ل إذا $.��=� tون �=�ر اB�I$ و ��ر ا�3!+ و [!qء ا��� �� ا�=�س

The narrator says: I heard it from Imam Abu Abdullahasws: ‘In the Words of Allahazwj And the Earth will shine with the Glory of its Lord : (39:69) means when our last ‘Hujjatajfj’ will appear, the Earth will become so bright that people will neither require the light of the Sun nor the light of the Moon.22

An Extract from a Detailed Hadith on the Use of Rab for an Infallible Imam asws :

A detailed hadith on the meanings of Rab and its use in Holy Quran and traditions of Masomeenasws by Imam Mohammed Baqirasws is given below23:

Imam Mohammed Baqirasws told Abu Basir, O Abu Basir, ‘Weasws are the ‘Rab’ of the Arsh, Kursi and weasws are the Rab of the earth and the heavens as well as the Prophetsas and the angelsas and weasws are the Rab of the Pen and the Tablet. And weasws are the Rab of the Jins and the Houreen, and weasws are the Rab of the Sun and the Moon and the Veils of the Divine Greatness and its Powers, its Uniqueness and weasws have unique and Elevated Status. Weasws are the Rab of all these but Allahazwj is our Lord ‘Rab-ul-Arbab’.

Abu Basir said: O Son of the Prophetasws, May I be scarified for your cause. Are youasws the Rab? Please elaborate on this subject. Imamasws replied: O Abu Basir, the meaning of the word Rab is the Proprietor, the Owner. Allahasws has issued the word of ‘Rab’ for the king of Egypt through the tongue of Prophet Josefas.

):4212(+ ر�-� 4/�� �4 ا�.-T� �I� 8=�� و;�ل �/ ~ي �w أ� � ��ج =1!� اذآ+�� �=� ر�-> E4�.�_ ا��o� qن ذآ

And he said to him whom he knew would be delivered of the two: Remember me with your ‘Rab’ (lord); but the Shaitan caused him to forget mentioning (it) to his ‘Rab’ (lord), so he remained in the prison a few years.

=G�B-17 ��ب 326 �7#�را���ار 21 � +1e$ � ا��G/�8 و �م R2 253&.�+ا�3!� 22tق ا�رض �=�ر ا+qR ..... 3: ص 23 Jalal ul Ayoon, vol. 2, pp. 23

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 11 out of 38

� إ�" ر�-> �ء_ ا�+ �8ل ;�ل ار � !/4 ) 12:50(

So when the messenger came to him, he said: Go back to your ‘Rab’ (lord) .

When the royal messenger came (to Prophet Josefas) he said Go back to your Rab (Master). In addition, O Abu Basir, Allahazwj has said Imam the ‘Rab’ in Holy Book:

24):6939 ( وأY+;: اE�رض �=�ر ر�-�1

And the earth shall beam with the light of its Lord….25, here Noor ul-Rab means the Imam-ul-Hujjatasws, and not the Noor of Allahazwj, as Noor-e-Allahazwj cannot be seen. Allahazwj has said:

6�I�إ�" ا +e�ا�� و�[� ا+R �� إ��> ;�ل +e�ل رب- أر�� أ�; �Uر� ��ء �R�3�!� "8=� وآ/ ! 26):1437( و�! �

And when Musa came at Our appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he said: My Lord! show me (Thyself), so that I may look upon Thee. He said: You cannot (bear to) see Me but look at the mountain, …...27

�=� ا�/ � ��+ �� آ � G��Z!� 3�ا Rا وا�= D 51 1036(���ا $�/!�ن و�� أ�:(

Vision comprehends Him not, and He comprehends (all) vision; and He is the Knower of subtleties, the Aware.

6�I/� �Uر� " /IR � !/4 ) 1437:(28

but when his ‘Rab’ manifested His glory to the mountain . 29 Thus, here the ‘Rab’ means the Imamasws -the Hujjat-e-Allahasws, who is the master of the Worlds rather than the Noor of Allahazwj Himself. O Abu Basir that ‘Noor’ (the Light) was from the ‘Noor’ of the Imams of Ahlul Bait-e-Prophetasws. The Prophet Musaas could not bear a ray of the Noor. One should ponder, if a single ray of His Creation’s Noor cannot be withstood by people, how could one imagine seeing the Light of Allahazwj, which no one can endure.

�ء ���= ��-�� واو 24 :1Uq�)69(39�اء و;c#��� 51=�� �T- وهe$ �� 5/!�ن أY+;: اE�رض �=�ر ر�-�1 وو�� ا�[��ب و

25 And the earth shall beam with the light of its Lord, and the Book shall be laid down, and the prophets and the witnesses shall be brought up, and judgment shall be given between them with justice, and they shall not be dealt with unjustly.

� 4.�ف R+ا�� 26 ��] � ;�ل رب- أر�� أe�+ إ��> ;�ل �� R+ا�� و�[� اe�+ إ�" اb4 6�I�ن ا3�8+ Uر� ��ء �R�3�!� "8=� وآ/ ! 4/! � و�! � ��= H!�إ��> وأ�� أو ل ا :�R <��#�8 8" '�3� 4/! � أ�4ق ;�ل� � دآ�� و�+ /� 6�I/� �Uر� " /IR

27 And when Musa came at Our appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he said: My Lord! show me (Thyself), so that I may look upon Thee. He said: You cannot (bear to) see Me but look at the mountain, if it remains firm in its place, then will you see Me; but when his Lord manifested His glory to the mountain He made it crumble and Musa fell down in a swoon; then when he recovered, he said: Glory be to Thee, I turn to Thee, and I am the first of the believers

28 �I�إ�" ا +e�ا�� و�[� ا+R �� إ��> ;�ل +e�ل رب- أر�� أ�; �Uر� ��ء �R�3�!� "8=� وآ/ ! � 4.�ف R+ا�� 4/! � و�! � ��] b4 6ن ا3�8+ ��= H!�إ��> وأ�� أو ل ا :�R <��#�8 8" '�3� 4/! � أ�4ق ;�ل� � دآ�� و�+ /� 6�I/� �Uر� " /IR)143(

29 And when Musa came at Our appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he said: My Lord! show me (Thyself), so that I may look upon Thee. He said: You cannot (bear to) see Me but look at the mountain, if it remains firm in its place, then will you see Me; but when his Lord manifested His glory to the mountain He made it crumble and Musa fell down in a swoon; then when he recovered, he said: Glory be to Thee, I turn to Thee, and I am the first of the believers

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 12 out of 38

O Abu Basir the Rab (owner) of the earth is the Imamasws and when it will appears, people would no longer need the light of the Sun and the Moon. Indeed, Imamasws is the Rab of the spring of the al-Kauser and distributor of its Pure drink. That’s why Allahazwj Says:

�1s ��)2176:(30را و�38ه5 ر�Y 51U+ا

and their Rab (Imam) shall make them drink a pure d rink. 31

Amir-ul-Momineenasws replied to the questions of a non-believer when he asked about the following Verse in which Allahazwj Says:

7~ ���+ة �$ _� )75:23(ر�-w�� �1+ة إ�" ) 22(و

Some faces will on that Day be radiant with happine ss. Looking-up to their Rab.

This will occur at the place which is the highest point (above the heavens), reserved for the devout believers. Only a few, out of them, subsequent to the accountability phase, will take a bath in a canal called ‘Nahr-e-Hayat’32. They will drink out of another canal which will lighten-up their faces making them even more vibrant. All their grief, pain, distress and trouble will be washed away before they will be asked to make their way into the garden33. It will be impossible for those, who managed to reach there, to miss out an opportunity of performing Ziarat34 of their Rabasws , as they will find himasws there on their way to Paradise.

Allahazwj Describes the Salutation of angelsas on them as:

)39:73(8/�م �/�[5��s 5 �4د�/�ه� ����$� (Angels of Paradise will say:) Peace be upon you! You have been good, so enter it to remain there forever . For this instance Allahazwj Says: Enter into My Paradise, this is your reward. This was the promise of their Lord, Allahazwj Who refers to this as: ة+w�� �1-75:23(إ�" ر�( (entering while) Looking towards their Rab.

And Allahazwj also Says: $�1� 51��إ G/8+ � ا�!+8/�ن وإ�-� )w�=4 G)27:35+ة 5� $+

I am sending them a gift and (wait) to see with wha t (answer) (my) ambassadors return.

And Allahazwj Says (for his servant): "1�=!�8�رة ا �=�)53:14-13(و3�� رG�B� _D أ�+ى What he sees now he has already seen near the ‘Sidaratul Muntiha 35’ meaning

�ه5 ر�Y 51U+ا�� �1sرا��51�� ���ب 8=�س T�+ وإ8��+ق و�/�Uا أ�8ور � G T4 و38 30

31 Upon them shall be garments of fine green silk and thick silk interwoven with gold, and they shall be adorned with bracelets of silver, and their Lord shall make them drink a pure drink 32 The canal of eternal life. 33 Amir-ul-momaneen (asws) says, it will be at a distance above heaven like the stars from the earth. 34 To look at with respect. 35 (Near the Hawthorn on the Boundary)

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 13 out of 38

Mohammedsaww has been to this point of ‘Nearness’, which is the ultimate limit beyond which no one has access. Allahazwj describes this as: (His Prophetsawws last visit to this place):

� زاغ ا��,+ و � s�" 3�� رأى � D$�ت ر�-� ا�[�+ى )53:18- 17(

His eyesight did not falter nor was it carried away . He saw some of his Rab’s Greatest Signs ! And saw Gabrielas in his original form twice, once at this place and the second time at another place. The creation of Gabrielas is too among one of the greatest creations, which is from the light which people cannot comprehend, except the Lord of the worlds.

Amir-ul-Momineenasws further explained, Allahazwj Says:

� $�qء و � � آ�ن q��+ أن $[/-!� ا�/ � إ� � و��� أو � وراء �I�ب أو $+68 رb� ����4 ���8ذ�)42:51(

It is not appropriate for Allah azwj to speak to any human being except through inspiration or from behind a curtain, or by sending a messenger anything He Wishes to inspire with through His perm ission . Similarly, Allahazwj Says, ‘This is My Prophetsaww who receives revelations from the skies through My angels and My Heavenly representatives used to preach on the earth and the worldly preachers got engaged in discussions with themas, which was in addition to the knowledge which was sent down to them through the angels.

Once Rasool Allahsaww , asked Gabrielas: ‘Have you ever seen your Lord? Gabrielas replied: ‘my Lord cannot be seen’. Rasool Allahsaww asked: ‘where do you bring the revelations from? He said: I get it from Israfeelas. Rasool Allahsaww asked again: Do you know from where Israfeelas obtains the Divine message? Gabrielas replied, from another angel who is superior to the ‘al-Ruheen’. Rasool Allahsaww asked: ‘Where does that angel gets the message from? Gabrielas replied he receives it directly on his heart. Thus this is the revelation and the words of Allahazwj but this is not the only way Allahazwj Communicates with Hisazwj creation. Some of His messages are directly communicated to Hisazwj Prophetsas, some of these are shown to His Prophetsas in their dreams, some are revealed to His Prophetsas through a messenger (Wahi), the later are the words of Allahazwj which are recited and read (by others as found in the Book).36

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Ibn Babuwayh said it was narrated to me by Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Ahmad Bin Yunus Al Ma’azy who heard it from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Sa’eed Al Kufi, who heard it from Ali Bin Al Husayn Bin Ali Biin Fazaal, who from his father who said the following:

I asked Al-Rezaasws about the Words of Allahazwj: “And your Lord comes and (also) the angels in ranks ” (89:22). Heasws said: ‘Surely Allahazwj cannot be described through ‘coming and going’, High is Heazwj from the transfer 36 http://hubeali.com/articles/Questions-of-Zanadiqa-on-Quran.pdf;

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 14 out of 38

(movement), it means by that, the Order (Amrasws)37 of your Lordazwj and the Angels in ranks’.38

�8+�o/� ج�I��gر_(�4 آ��ب ا (���; � � ا�.fم وا�/� ��= H!ا� +� " و^�ء ر�> وا�!/> '&� '&� : " �� أ�4~�> آ/� �c و��.: �� ^GZ ^6 " هe=$ 6+ون اg أن 5�RER ا�!G]`f أو $�RE ر�> أو $D ��� �RE$�ت ر�> : " و;��

�Bو^ vآ��ب ا � �Y ورب �Y 6رب آ �3� وا�/� GZIو$6 ذآ+_ آER ��q$ gو ،�/$B=R +�� "/� �6 $[�ن ERو$/� ا�.fم �/��Bو^6 �� ا�+اه�5 vا G$�]� وه� vء ا�qا� "&�]R <�~� ل�Z!� <7��E8و ،+q6�4 ا�� gو +qم ا��fآ

� ؟ " ا�" ذاه\ إ�" ر�" : " ��� ;�ل/$B=R +�� �� وا^��1د_، اR g+ى ان ERو$/Rد���1� إ�" و�^�R �4~ه��� إ�" ر�: " B��4ا�� ذ�> �/3� وآ~�> ;���" وا��B=� ا�#�$� �4� �Eس �Y$� : " و;�ل" ا�Bل �[5 � ا���gم �!���G ازواج : " و;�ل

�Tد ��eه+_" ان آ�ن �/+�!� و�� ��E4 اول ا�����$� �=s�� و$6 �4 ه~ا ا��3لE���4 �$ه��Iأي ا�.

It is reported in the Ahtijaj al-Tabrasy that Amir-ul-Momaneenasws explained the Words of Allahazwj: Your Rab and angels came down in rows after rows. And also Says: Came to you one by one . And Allahazwj

Says: Are they expecting angels to come to them or Your Rab or some Divine S ymbols. (For Himazwj) Everything is possible and nothing is beyond Himazwj but it is impossible that the Elevated Rabazwj

would approach them, just like others do as being among Hisazwj

creations. Indeed, Allahazwj is the Sustainer of all species. People take different

meanings from the Book, in contrary to what has been revealed at the first place. Interpretation of Words of the Lord of the Worlds, cannot be similar to the words of human beings, Hisazwj

actions can, by no means, be a manifestation of the human actions. I will give you an example, which will be sufficient for the elaboration of this issue. This is related to Prophet Ibrahimas, When Ibrahimas

said: I am going towards my Lord, thus, his going towards his Lordazwj was, in fact

his act of worship, to be taken as a metaphor for his perception ‘Ijtihad’. Can’t you see its interpretation is contrary to its literal meanings?

Allahazwj Says: Eight pairs of four-legged animals were sent down and also

Says:

We have sent down iron which is extremely hard. To be used by His creation . And Says: You may say if it were possible that my Lord had a son then I would be the first one to worship Him . For the interpretation of this Verse, it is important that one should know that it’s intrinsic meanings are very different from its extrinsic ones.39

There are several traditions of Masomeen claiming the ownership of the Earth and all that it contain and 1/5 of Khums money has to be paid by everyone to an Imam from Ahlul Bait, except for the Shias, who are spared to pay khums until the time of the Al-Qaimajfj, see all these traditions in Appendix V.

Amir-ul-Momaneen asws Had Punished those who Called him asws ‘Howa’

We present here some traditions, where those who called Amir-ul-Momaneenasws ‘Rab’ in the form of ‘noun’ or ‘Howa’ were punished to death when they refused to repent and insisted that their Lord is Amir-ul-Momaneenasws.

37 Masomeenasws are the ‘Amr Allah’ 38 Tafseer Al Burhan – H 11607 39 Tafseer Noor Al Thaqalayn – Ch 89 H 21

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 15 out of 38

+� �� ه�qم �� 5��8 �� أ�� ��� ا�/ � ;�ل أR" ;�م أ +�!��� ا�� أ�� � !# �� أ�!� �� "�#$ �� � !# ��= H!�ر� =� 51����8�4 4/5 $����ا 4#&+ 51� �&�+ة و أو;� �1�4 ��را و �&+ �&�+ة أ�+ى إ�" ا �$ <�/� ع �34��ا ا�. /�م

أو;� �4 ا�#&�+ة اE��+ى �� " ��Rا �1��� و أT4" ��=1!� 4/! � 5� $����ا أ�3�ه5 �4 ا�#&�+ة و

Mohammed ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Mohammad, who from ibn abu Umayr, who from Hisham ibn Salim, who has narrated the following:

Abu Jafarasws has said that once a group of people were brought before Amir-ul-Momaneenasws, who said: Peace be with you O our ‘Rabana’ Lord.’ Imamasws asked them to repent but they refused. Imam Aliasws commanded to dig a ditch in which fire was lit up and another ditch was dug next to it and holes were made from one to the other ditch.40

���� ه�qم �� 5��8 +�!��� ا�� أ�� � =�� ع �/�U �� إ�+اه�5 �� أ��H!�ا +� أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع ;�ل أR" ;�م أ�1��� و 51����8�4 4/5 $����ا 4#&+ �3451���ا ا�. /�م �/�> $� ر� =� �&�+ة و أو;� �1�4 ��را و �&+ �&�+ة أ�+ى إ�"

� ��=1!� 4/! � 5� $����ا أ�3�ه5 �4 ا�#&�+ة و أو;� �4 ا�#&�+ة اE��+ى "T4ا ] ��را[أ�R� " ��

Ali ibnIbrahim has narrated from his father, who from ibn abu ‘Umayr, who from Hisham ibn Salim who has narrated the following:

Abu Abd Allahasws has said that once a people were brought before Amir-ul-Momaneenasws, who said: Peace be with you, O our ‘Rabana’ Lord (in the meanings of Allahazwj/Howaazwj).’ Imamasws asked them to repent but they refused. Imam Aliasws commanded to dig a ditch in which fire was lit up, another ditch was dug next to it and holes were made from one to the other ditch.’41

�� أ�� 6 �� آ+د$� �� ر 618 �� ���' ���� ا�� #��ب ".�� �� � !# �� أ�!� �� "�#$ �� � !# =�� ع �! � 4+غ � أه6 ا��,+ةH!�ا +� �&+ ع ;�ل إن أ � و ��� ا�/ � و أ�� �/� � ا�UBط- 4./ !�ا �/ أ�R_ 8���ن ر

p/�ق E4��ا �� و ;���ا أ�: ه�آ/ !�_ �/.�51� 4+د �/51� �/.�51� �5 ;�ل 51� إ�-� �.: آ!� ;/5� أ�� ��� ا�/ �/� �34ل 1�6 �B و ���ا �! � ;/5� �4 و R����ا إ�" ا�/ +R �1�ا و=R 5� �7� 5 +&#R أن + E4 ��ا و $����ا E4 5] =/�;E���ا أن $+

514 �1�4 �5 �! + رءو�18 �5 أ1��: ا�= �ر �4 7�+ =�1 ��] �1�4 أ�� D 51���ر 4#&+ت �5 �+ق �1T�� إ�" ��� �5 ;~ =51 6��4 ا��U��ن �/�R�!4 �1�4 51�ا

Mohammed ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Mohammed ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahbub, who from Salih ibn Sahl from Kirdin, who from a man who has narrated the following:

Abu Jafar and abu Abd Allahasws have said that once a people were brought before Amir-ul-Momaneenasws, when he had dealt with the people of al-Basrah. They were seventy people from al-Zut who offered Imamasws Salm and spoke to him in their own language. Imamasws responded to them in their language and told that was not what they had said, he is but he is a Devotee of Allahazwj and Hisazwj Creature. But they refused and said: You are ‘Howa’ (Himazwj). The Imamasws told them that if they did not retract and repent before Allahazwj, he would put them to death. They refused to retract and repent. Imamasws commanded to dig wells for them that were connect by holes to each other. They were then thrown in and their heads were masked, then fire was lit in one of

40 Al-Kafi, H. 8, 259: ص 7: ا�[��4 ج 259: ص 7: ا�[��4 ج 41

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 16 out of 38

the wells where there was no one, the smoke entered on them and they all died.42

The Attributes of a Divine Imam asws

6- � ��� ا�/ � ع إن ;� ��E� :/; 8�$+ ;�ل �� \��s ��أ ���� ا��+;�- � !# �� أ�!� �� "�#$ �� � !# �!�ن أ� [G1�D 5 $�/�ن �~�> �/�=� ;+�D� و ه� ا� ~ي �4 ا�. !�ء B$ �34ل $� 8�$+ 8!�� و �,+ي �إ�� و �4 اE�رض إ�

�� � � هH��ء �/" د$=� و �� �/" د$� D��� و ا�/ 51= �و q�+ي و �#!� و د � و Y�+ي � هH��ء �+اء و �+ئ ا�/ �!�ن أ� [5 ر68 $3+ءون �/�=� �~�> $I!�=� ا�/ � و إ$ B$ �م; ���=��ه5 $�م ا3��� G إ� � و ه� ¤��8 �/51� ;�ل ;/: و

�/�5 �34ل $� 8�$+ 8!�� و �,+ي و Y�+ي ;+�D� $� أ$�1U ا�+68U آ/�ا � ا�o �-��ت و ا�!/�ا '��#� إ�-� �!� R�!/�ن �� � � هH��ء �/" د$=� و �� �/" د$� D��� و ا�/ � =51 و ر�8� � � هH��ء �+اء و �+ئ ا�/ � و q�+ي و �#!� و د

!G أ + $I!�=� ا�/ � و إ$ �ه5 $ �م ا3��� G إ� � و ه� ¤��8 �/51� ;�ل ;/: 4!� أ5�� ;�ل �#� B� ان �/5 ا�/ � �#� R+ا� �ن أ + ا�/ �,� �,��=� ا�/ � �#� ;�م ����=� و 1�" �o� "���R ��رك وR دون � "/� G�����ا G I#�ا �#�

ا�. !�ء و 4�ق اE�رض

Once Sadeer said to Imam Jafar-e-Sadiqasws, that a certain group of people believes that youasws (Aimmahasws) are ‘Allahiya’ - worthy of worshiping, as they read to us from the Holy Quran: ‘It is He Who is Lord in heaven and Lord on earth; and He is full of Wisdom and Knowledge’ (43: 84). Imamasws said: ‘O Sadir, my hearing, my sight, my skin, my flesh, my blood and my hair all disdain such people, and Allahazwj also disdains them. They do not follow myasws religion and the religion of myasws ancestorsasws. I say by Allahazwj, Allahazwj will not Place measws with them on the Day of Resurrection. The only thing form Allahazwj to them will be Hisazwj Wrath. I (the narrator) then said: ‘Among us there is a group of people who believe that youasws are messengers and they read to us from the Holy Quran: ‘O messengers, eat of the good thing and do righteo usness; surely I know the thing you do (23:51).

The Imamasws said: O Sadir, my hearing, my sight, my skin, my flesh, my blood and my hair all disdain such people, and Allahazwj and His Messengersaww also disdain them. They do not follow myasws religoin and the religion of myasws ancestorsasws. By Allahazwj, Allahazwj will not place measws with them on the Day of Judgment. The only thing from Allahazwj toward them will be Hisazwj Anger.

I (the narrator) then asked: What are youasws then? The Imamasws said: Weasws are the treasures of the knowledge of Allahazwj. Weasws are the translators of the Commands of Allahazwj. We are Infallible Onesasws. Allahazwj has Commanded people to obey usasws and prohibited them from disobeying usasws. Weasws are well advocated Divien Authority over all that is below the Heavens and above the Earth.43

The Names of Allah azwj

+!��� ا�#.� �� �/�- �� أ�� �!Bة �� إ�+اه�5 �� �$B$ �� ��.#�ا ���� '��� �� أ�� �! �د � !# �� U�/���R ��رك وR ��� أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع ;�ل إن ا�/ �p q��� و co= �" �/c ا8!� ���#+وف ��+ �,� ت و ���/ &� ��+

� �=�� ا�#�ود #�Iب =� � �� � ا�o;E�ر =� ��&= �'�ف و ���/ �ن ��+ ,��غ +�� ���q ���� و � .I +�� U[ G��/� �1= +1wE4 +����1 وا�� ;6� ا= [�� �� Bاء �/" أرG�� أ G �R G!/آ �/�I4 ��ر. +�� +��. آ6- ��ه-5

42 Al-Kafi, vol. 7, h, 23 (H 13693), 260: ص 7: ا�[��4 ج 43 Al-Kafi, vol. 1, H. 6, pg. 228. 270: ص 1: ا�[��4 ج

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 17 out of 38

=�1 وا��ا و ه� \I� إ�1�� و c/p�ا G;�&� أ8!�ء �ا58�� ا�![=�ن ا�!Bpون 14~_ ا8E�!�ء ا� �� 1w+ت e��4 �ه+ ه� ا�/ -6]� c/� 5� �=رآ +q�� �[6- ا58 � ه~_ ا8E�!�ء أرG�� أرآ�ن 4~�> ا�=� ��#�8 + p8 و "���R ��رك وR �1= رآ�

�/���� ا8!� 4�/� =.��� إ�1�� 14� ا�+ �!� ا�+ 5�� ا�!/> اU�3�وس اc��p� ا���رئ ا�!,�-ر ا�#�U ا�U�3�م �� G=8 _~�ER و �� � ا�!1�!� ا��/�U ا5�e��[�5 اB$B�� ا�I� �ر ا�!�[�-+ ��م ا��/�5 اp���+ ا�. !�� ا��,�+ ا�#H!�ا�!3��ر ا�3�در ا�. /�م ا

_ ا8E�!�ء و � آ�ن � ا8E�!�ء ا���رئ ا�!=q� ا���$� ا�+ �4� اI�/�6 ا�[+$5 ا�+ ازق ا�!#�� ا�!!�: ا����� ا��ارث 14~ا�#.=" �� " 5�R �/�ث �G و �8-�� اG�.� �14 �!8 1�~_ ا8E�!�ء ا��/ Z�G و ه~_ ا8E�!�ء ا��/ Z�G أرآ�ن و I�\ ا58��

Bp!�ا��ا�� ا�![=�ن ا ���ا 4/�R � ون 1�~_ ا8E�!�ء ا��/ Z�G و ذ�> ;��� R���" ;6 اد��ا ا�/ � أو اد��ا ا�+ �!� أ$�� ا8E�!�ء ا�#.="

Ali ibn Mohammed has narrated from Salih ibn abu Hammad, who from al-Hussain ibn Yazid, who from Yazid, who from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn abu Hamza, who from Ibrahim ibn Umar, who from Abu Abd Allahasws, who said the following:

Allahazwj Created a Name with Letters that had no sound. Heazwj Created it with the Word that would not be spoken. Heazwj Created it with an Entity that had no body. It had a Property that is not described. Heazwj Created it with colour that is colourless. Dimensions were negated from it. Limitations were distanced from it. The feel of all ‘Mutawahhim’ (perception, intuitive sense) is curtained from it. It is hidden but not covered. He placed it to be a Perfect Word consisting of four parts together. No one of them is before the other. From these, Heazwj made public only Three Names; people desperately needed them. One of them is kept out of the public sight. This is the Protected and Treasured Name.

One of the Names that became Public is ‘Allah’…….44

���Z!�ن �� -�/��!+ و ا�#.� �� �� "8� ��� ا�/ � و �� � !# �� �أ�!� �� إدر$] �� ا�#.�� �� ��� ا�/ � 6 �B و ��ر4� �=&.� ;6� أن $c/p اc/p� ;�ل 5�� ;/: $+اه� ا�� 8=�ن ;�ل E8�: أ�� ا�#.� ا�+-�� ع ه6 آ�ن ا�/

� 4��~ة 4/�] Rه� ;�ر � =�1 ه� �&.� و �&. \/o$ �� �1� وE.$ �]$ 5� � �E� <�إ�" ذ �^��# و $.!�1� ;�ل � آ�ن #$ �� إذا 5� $�ع 8��!� 5� $�+ف E4و ل � ا���ر �=&. �E� �1� _����ج أن $.!-� �&.� و �[= � ا���ر �=&.� أ8!�ء ���+_ $�

5�e��ا U�/����ء آ/-�1 4!�=اYE�ا "/�� أ �E� ��/" آY -6�ا��/�U ا�5�e��_ ا�/ � و ا8! �/� � ء ه� أو ل أ8!�

Ahmad ibn Idris has narrated from al-Hussain ibn Abd Allah, who from Mohammed ibn Abd Allah and Musa ibn Umar and al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Uthman, who from ibn Sinan, who said the following:

‘Once I asked abu al-Hassan al-Rezaasws: Did Allahazwj Know Himself before He Created the creation? The Imamasws replied: ‘Yes, Heazwj Knew Himself.’ I further asked: Did He See and Hear His Own Self?’ The Imamasws replied: ‘Allah did not Need such things; He did not Ask or Demand it. He is His Own Self and His Own Self is He. His Power is dominant and He does not Need to name His Own Self. He Chose His Own Name, for the sake of others, so that they can call Himazwj. As until one is not called by means of his name he is not recognised (by people).

The first Name Heazwj Chose for His Own Self was ‘Al-Aliy al-Azim’ (the Most High, The Great) because Heazwj is above all things. It then means that Allahazwj and His Name Al-Aliy al-Azim is Heazwj. The Most High, Means He is above all things.’45

44 Al-Kafi, vol. 1, H 301, Ch. 15, h.1. 45 Al-Kafi, vol. 1, H 302, Ch. 15, h.2.

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 18 out of 38

�� ا58�� � ه� ;�ل '&G �!�'�ف ���E8 8=�ن ;�ل �� � !# �� و 1�~ا ا8b�=�د

It is narrated through the same chain of narrators (as of above hadith) from Mohammed ibn Sinan who said the following:

I asked the Imamasws about the name (of Allahazwj), What is it? The Imamasws replied: It is an Attribute of the Attributes (of Allahazwj).

� ا�.fم(;�ل �/� �=" : �5 ;�ل إ��� ر^6 �34ل: ) � ؟ �34ل �/� "�.5 اv ا�+�!� ا�+��5 " $� ا�� ر�8ل اv أ��+�� � ا�.fم(�� ا�#.�� �/�( : ��= H!ا� +� �� أ ،�� ا�.fم(���=� أ��، �� أ���/�$� أ �+ : أن ر^f ;�م إ��� �34ل)

5.� �� =�� أ��+�� H!ا�+�!� ا�+��5 " ا� v؟ �34ل " ا_�=� � � ا�.fم(�/�أ�5e ا8g!�ء ـ " اv : " إن ;��>: )vا +�� � p/�ق � أ8!�ء ا���R v" ـ وه� ا58g ا�~ي g $=��� أن $�.!" � � .، و�5.�$ 5 �

Imamasws said: 'The one person said, 'O son of the messenger of Allahazwj, inform me what is the meaning of 'In the Name of Allah the Beneficent the Merciful?' Ali bin Al-Husaynasws said: 'My fatherasws narrated to me from his brotherasws, who from the Commander of the Faithfulasws that a man stood up and asked, 'O Commander of the Faithfulasws, inform me about 'In the Name of Allah the Beneficent the Merciful, what is the meaning of it?' Heasws replied: 'The Word 'Allah' is the Greatest of the Names of Allah azwj and it is a Name which is not for anyone other than Allah azwj, and cannot be for any of the creatures .'46

� ���R": ^�346ل ا�+��; +�.&R �!4 " : vم(؟ �34ل "اf.ا� ��/��=� ا�#�ا`§ وا��qا`� آ6 : ) �� إ���E�$ ه� ا�~ى � دو��، وo3R� ا��8gب � آ6 � �8ا_ وذ�> أن آ6 �+`] �4 ه~_ ا����� ��!^ � p/�ق، �=� ا��o3ع ا�+^�ء

� و آZ+ت ��ا`����s5 �=�ؤ_ وe� � دو�� إ���، 51��4 �8#��^�ن ��ا`§ g $�3ر �/��1 ه~ا أو ��5e �1�4، وإن §5w���!ا� . ،�� و�4;��، ��" إذا آ&" ه!Rور+� �=� vإ�" ا �o3=�4 �1�/�وآ~�> ه~ا ا�!���5w $#��ج ��ا`§ g $�3ر

���د إ�" Y+آ.

The man said: 'What is the explanation of the Word 'Allah'? Heasws said: 'He is the One that all creation refers to for their needs in difficulties, when all other hopes have been cut off and all ways have been closed and despaired of all in this world, or a leader, however tyrannical he may be or the frequency of the needs of the people of him, there will be a need that is beyond him. And so this leader, for the need that is beyond his control will refer to Allahazwj when necessary until it is satisfied and then returns to becoming a polytheist again.47

�� ا�#.� ���' �� -�/� �� ���' �� +]� �� ��� ��� أ'#�� 6�� #! � �� إ8!� �� � #! � �� أ�� ��� ا�/ �� أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع ;�ل "/�E�ا ��� �� �$B$ �� ���� �� � !# ���Y U6و آ _+�� �� اY 58� ا58 ا�/ �/�ء ء و;�

G$���و ا�!�� � ��+ ا �R�$�� � G$�� �� اE��.� أو �!/: اE�$�ي 14� p/�ق و ا�/ R+ �� � � E4 � p/�ق � �/� ا�/ �14 �'�ف ,=�ع و '��� اYE���ء ��+ �'�ف �#�© .!�" 5� $�[� ن 4��+ف آ�=��� �� و U6و آ G4�'� G$���ا

� 514 ه~ UلB$ �� _+�� :�إ� � آ� G$�� "�و �,=� ��+_ و 5� $�=�_ إ _��� �4ر��p�ا ا�#[5 أ��ا و ه� ا�� ���� ا�� و '�-;�_ و b� _�! 1&Rذن ا�/ ��Z � و ��I� نE� ك+q � ز�5 أ� � $�+ف ا�/ � �#�Iب أو �,�رة أو �!�Zل 14�

+�� �R4!� 5� '�ر � /��� �4+� � �� ���+_ و إ� !� �+ف ا�/ 4+� � � ز�5 أ� _�-��$ >�]4 �-��� _ و إ� !� ه� وا�� � إ� !� $�+ف ��+_ ��] ��� اc��p� و ا4/�] $�+4 �� �4+�$�Y ق�/p!� �Y � ء آ�ن و ا�/ � ء و ا�/ � c��� اYE���ء ��

� و ه� ��+ أ8!�� و ا8E�!�ء ��+_ �!8E� " !.$

Mohammed ibn abu Abd Allah has narrated from Mohammed ibn Ismail, who from some of his people, who from Bakr ibn Salih, who from Ali ibn Salih, who from al-Hassan ibn Mohammed ibn

46 TAFSEER IMAM HASSAN AL ASKARI (A.S.) - S 9 47 TAFSEER IMAM HASSAN AL ASKARI (A.S.) - S 9

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 19 out of 38

Khalid ibn Yazid, who from Abd al-Ala, who from abu Abd Allahasws, who said the following:

‘The name of Allah is something other than Allah Himself. Everything that is called a ‘thing’ is created except Allah. Whatever (like the Word ‘Allah’) is expressed by the tongue or which is worked out by hands (written down) is all created. The word ‘Alalh’ is one example of names and an end to serve the purpose of naming. The end is different from the thing for which it is. The end that is describable is created……..48

Yو ا ��� ه�qم �� ا�#[5 أ� � E8ل أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع �� أ8!�ء ا�/ �$�8 �� +T =ا� �� ��/�U �� إ�+اه�5 �� أ�� �3�;�1 E��ه� و ا58�� ��+ ا�!.! " 4!� ��� ا58�� دون �T�3$ � � إ�� و إ� �c�q � ! � ه� �c�q �34ل $� ه�qم ا�/ �ا�/

��� ا58�� � ��� ا�!�=" دون ا58�� 4~اك ا�!�=" 34� آ&+ و 7�Y ���$ 5�� و � و ا�!�=" 34� أY+ك و ��� ا�=�� و =�1 ا�� ���� أ 14!: $� ه�qم ;�ل ;/: زد�� ;�ل �/ � G�.R و R.��ن ا8!� 4/� آ�ن ا58�� ه� ا�!.! " �[�ن آU6 ا8 5

� 1�~_ ا8E�!�ء و آ/�1U ��+_ $� ه�qم اB�p� اE!/� 58آ�ل و ا�!�ء اq!/� 58+وب و ا�Z �ب �/� U�ل$ "=� �إ1�� و �[� ا�/ 6 ا58 �/!/��س و ا�= �ر ا58 �/!#+ق أ 14!: �B و � � ا�/ �$~p �!��اء�� ا�� أ� 6��=R و �� �4�R �!14 م�qه �$

� ;1+�� أ�� �4 ا�� ���� �� " ;!: �� و �� �> $� ه�qم ;�ل 4� ا�/ � � � ه~ا ��+_ ;/: 5�� �34ل �&�> ا�/ �3

Once I asked abu Abd Allahasws, about the names of Allahazwj and their derivations and roots. What is the root from which the word Allahazwj is derived?

The Imamasws replied: O Hisham, the Word Allahazwj is derived from ‘Ilah’, it means, the One Who is worshipped (obeyed) and the One who is the Lord. The Lord requires that Heazwj be Worshipped (obeyed) and is Worthy of worshipping.

The name of Allahazwj is different from Hisazwj Own Self. Whoever worships the name but not the meaning has become an atheist and, in fact, has not worshipped Allahazwj. Whoever worships the name and its meanings jointly, he becomes a polytheist, worshipping two lords. Whoever worships the meaning of the word Allahazwj only he, in reality, has worshipped the One Allahazwj. O Hisham, did you grasp it? Hisham said: I requested, Please enlighten me more.’ The Imamasws added: Allahazwj has ninety-nine names. If each name had a separate meaning then each meaning would have been a lord. But Allahazwj is One only and all Hisazwj Names stand for just One reality and all these names are other than Allahazwj Himself………49

Therefore, Allahazwj cannot be Described by Names, in one of the traditions, Imam Abu Abd Allahasws corrected some who described the meanings of ‘Allah ho Akbar’ as ‘He is greater than everything. But Imamasws said: ‘No you consider Him limited, instead one should mean, Allahazwj is Greater than can be described or Heazwj is beyond all descriptions.50

Can we Say Ali asws Rab?

Yes, without any hesitation, in the meanings of Wali/Master, as we say ‘Ali un Wali Allah’. The word ‘Wali’ is also for Allahazwj, Prophet Mohammedsaww and

48 Al-Kafi., vol. 1, H 304, Ch. 15, h. 4. 49 Al-Kafi., vol. 1, H 306, Ch. 16, h. 2. 50 Al-Kafi., vol. 1, H 312-13, Ch. 16, h. 8-9.

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 20 out of 38

Amir-ul-Momaneenasws, (5:55), similarly the word ‘Mola’, ‘Ya Aliasws Madad’ have also the same meanings. Shall we ask for help from Allahazwj , or from Masomeenasws or both? Will it be Shirk? Of course not, there are several Verses of Quran which give reference to ‘Wasilla/Touwassal’, even the concept of ‘Touheed’ is misunderstood.

��� اv ا� �� 5Z�1ا� ���/� �� ا�#.�� �/�51 ا�#.� �� �/� �� زآ+$�، �� �!# _�^ �� ،��� أ�� ، �� ،��� +� #!� ر�8ل اv : ;�ل" o4+ة اv ا��� o4+ ا�=�س �/��1 : " ا�.fم �4 ;�� ،vا gإ �� -ه� g إ��Dو ��/� vا "/' -

��= H!ا� +� � ا�.fم -�/� أ�/� إ�" ه1=� ا������-

Al-Hassan bin Zikaria narrates that he heard from al-Hasham bin Abd Allah al-Rahamani, who says he has heard it from Imam Ali bin Hussain, who has narrated from his forefather the following:

Allahazwj has created mankind on Hisazwj nature. Imamasws says: This is La-e-Iaha Ilullah Mohammed-ur-Rasool Allahsaww Ali Amir-ul-Momaneenasws - And this is the Tauheed.51

Shirk or Intercession

There is a difference between Shirk and ‘Wasilla/Tawassul’ (intercession), which is discussed at another place52 here we will only present a Noble Hadith of Imam Jafar-e-Sadiqasws :

#! � ع 4/! � ر4� ع $�_ � أآ/� ;�ل �� +&� �م ا�, �دق b�ا � � ��s 6أآ G&�=� ��ذآ+ أن أ -�] آ=B ا�&�ا� �/[+ا � ا�/ � Y+$[� �34ل �� ا�#!� �/ � رب- ا����!�� ا�/ 51 إن ه~ :/� ا => و � ر�8�> �34ل أ�� �=�&G $� أ�� ��� ا�/ � أ

� و $/T4 � ��3ل �4 ��� D�+ و �� و$/> إن ا�/ � R���" $�3ل �4 آ���� و � 3�!�ا إ� � أن أ�=�ه5 ا�/ � و ر�8� � �-�E]� �� و ر�8�� �34ل أ�� �=�&G و ا�/ /T4 � �أ� 51 ر��ا � �RDه5 ا�/ � و ر�8�� و ;���ا �.�=� ا�/ � �RH�8=� ا�/

� آ��ب ا�/ � و �� U¤; �!1Rأ+; � 8!1��!� إ� � �4 ه~ا ا��;: �34ل أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع �/" ;� ;+أ1R!� و 8!1��!� و �[� ا�/ "/� 53��ا $[.��ن ;/�51� � آ� ;/�ب أ;&��1� و ;�ل آ/ � 6� ران �/" R���" أB�ل �4> و �4 أY��ه> أم

It is written in Kanzul Fawaid by Karajaki that once Imam Jafar-e-Sadiqasws was eating food with Abu Hanifa and after finishing, Imam Jafar-e-Sadiqasws expressed gratitude like this: “I thank Allahazwj who is the Sustainer of All Worlds, O Allahazwj this was a blessing from Youazwj as well as from Your Prophetsaww.” Upon hearing this Abu Hanifa said: “O Abu AbdAllahasws! You have included ‘someone else’ along with Allahazwj.”

Imam Jafar-e-Sadiqasws replied: “ Be Careful! Allahazwj Says in His Book(9:59)54: “ If only they had been content with what Allah and H is Messenger had gave them, and had said, "Sufficient unto us is Allah! A llah and His Messenger will soon give us out of their Kindness :

51 Bihar V.3, P.277; Tafseer-E-Qummi V.2, P.154; Al-Manaqib V.3. P.101. 52 http://hubeali.com/images/newimg/Shirk-and-Wasila-2010.pdf

240 47را���ار �#� 53� ور�8�� إ� � إ�" ا�/ � را���ن 54/T4 � � ):599( و�� أ� 51 ر��ا � �RDه5 ا�/ � ور�8�� و;���ا �.�=� ا�/ � �RH�8=� ا�/

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 21 out of 38

At another place Allahazwj Says (9:74)55: “…… And they only stayed in opposition because Allah and His Messenger enriched them out of His grace …..;.

After listening to these Verses from Imam Jafar-e-Sadiqasws, Abu Hanifa said: “By Allahazwj! It seems I have never read or heard someone reciting these Verses of the holy Quran before.”

Imam Jafar-e-Sadiqasws said: “No, it is not like this! You have not only heard these Verses before but also have read them. However, Allahazwj Says for you and people like you (47:24): “Will they then not meditate on the Qur'an, or are there locks on the hearts?” and Says (83:14)56: “Nay, but that which they have earned is rust upon their hearts.

Acts Carried out on Allah azwj ’s Behalf are Referred to ‘His Acts’

This is an important topic as some questions are raised what Allah does and what is carried out by His Divine representatives/angels; i.e., who takes away life, the angle of death or Allahazwj Himself, similarly who created earth, heavens, skies, Allahazwj or His representativesasws. Amir-ul-Momaneenasws has replied to these questions in more detail, see for example57 but briefly,

Non-believer asks: I find Allahazwj Says:

��ن +R 5]-5 إ�" ر��ا�!�ت ا� ~ي وآ-6 �[5 </ )32:11(;6 $4�� �آ5

Say angel of death will remove your soul from your body (32:11) and at another place Allahazwj Says:

6 �/�1� ا�!�ت و$+68 اE��+ى إ�" أ "T; �� �1 4�!.> ا� �= �4 :!R 5� �� �1 وا�R� ��� [&�E�4�� " ا$ �ا�/ )39:42(م $�&[ +ون .!�" إن �4 ذ�> ��$�ت 3��

Allah takes back souls when their time has come to an end .

)16:32(ا� ~$� 4��R �ه5 ا�!/�[�s G-��� $�3��ن 8/�م �/�[5 اد�/�ا اG =I� �!� آ=R 5��!/�ن

Those whom the angels gather in death while they ar e in a state of inner purity, greeting them thus: "Peace be upon you! Ent er paradise by virtue of what you were doing [in life]!"

Which is true out of these statements? As sometime a task is attributed to Himselfazwj, then to ‘Angel of Death’ and later to other angels.

Amir-ul-Momineen asws : I would like to give an explanation to your questions. One cannot do any good except after getting inspiration from Allahazwj. I fully rely

� و � 3�!�ا إ� � أن أ�=�ه5 ا�/ � ور…… 55�749 (..……�8:( � آ���ا $[.��ن 56 51��/; "/� ):1483( آ/ � 6� ران

57 http://hubeali.com/articles/Questions-of-Zanadiqa-on-Quran.pdf; http://hubeali.com/khutbat/khutaba_tul_Bian_English.pdf

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 22 out of 38

(Tuwakkil) on Himazwj, seek Hisazwj blessings and all those who seek nobility turn towards Himazwj.

Allahazwj Says: Allah Takes back life at the time of their death. 58

And Says: The angel of Death takes life away from you, 59 and our Prophetsas take life away. And those are the righteous who meet their death by the hands of our angels. And also those who are killed by the angels are those who have indulged themselves in inappropriate matters.

Thus, Allahazwj is so Elevated and Great that it is inappropriate that Heazwj would Himself perform such tasks, therefore Heazwj refers those tasks to Himselfazwj which are conducted by His angels and His Prophetsas, on Hisazwj behalf as they act purely on Hisazwj instructions. Thus Allahazwj has decided to create, among His creations some angelsas and messengersas, and for whom Allahazwj Says:

Thus a devotee’s soul will be taken away by the kin d angels whereas a sinner’s soul is removed by the angels of wrath. 60 Both angels of Blessings and Wrath are helpers of ‘Malakul Maut’ (The angel of death). They just carry out Allahazwj ’s Commands, thus their actions are referred to Hisazwj actions. As other angels’ actions are the actions of Angel of death, similarly, the work of Angel of death is the work of Allahazwj because it is Himazwj who chooses the means to bring death onto someone, or to stop it or to extend life or/and gives the rewards or the punishment. Indeed, the tasks of Hisazwj trustees are Hisazwj tasks. As Allahazwj Says:

You would never desire for until and unless Allah w ants it ,61 And Says: Who carried out ‘Amal-ul-Salay’ 62 is a Momin 63. Thus, do not be disobedient in the striving of the good deeds. And also Says: ‘He who repented, accepted ‘Eman’, carried out ‘Amal-e-Salay’ and thus found ‘Guidance’, will be forgiven’.

All these cannot be of any benefit until one adheres to the ‘Guidance’64. As it is not true that anyone who claims to be among the believers will get refuge, even if he meets his death in sins. If this were true, then the Jews, by having faith in God and His Oneness, would be successful in the Hereafter, along with Iblisla and other non-believers. That is why Allahazwj Says: Those who embraced ‘Eman’ (belief) and then did not pollute it with ‘Z ulm’ (disobedience) will be in peace and these are the guided one. 65

�/�1� ا�!�ت و$+68 ا� 58 "T; �� �1 4�!.> ا� �= �4 :!R 5� �� �1 وا�R� ��� [&�E�4�� " ا$ � .!�" إن �4 ذ�> ��$�ت ا�/ 6 E�+ى إ�" أ

(39:42) 3��م $�&[ +ون��ن 59 +R 5]-5 إ�" ر��ا�!�ت ا� ~ي وآ-6 �[5 </ (32:11) ;6 $4�� �آ5 � ا�!/�[G ر8/� و � ا�= 60 �&o,$ � (22:75) �س إن ا�/ � 8!�� �,�+ا�/ 61 �!�]� �!�/� (76:30) و � �qRءون إ� � أن $�qء ا�/ � إن ا�/ � آ�ن

62 Belief in Wilayat (mastership) of Masomeenasws. 63 (21:94) � 4/� آH &+ان �.��� وإ� � �� آ�R��ن 4!� $�!6 � ا�, ��#�ت وه� 64 Wilayat. � وه5 1��ون (6:82) 65E�5 أو7�> 51� ا/e� 51��!$ا و5� $/�.�ا إ�= D �$~ ا�

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Questions in Grave i.e., ‘Mun Raboka’

A question is usually raised if we call ‘Aliasws’ ‘Rab’ and we get used to it then when the question of ‘Mun Raboka’ is going to be asked in the grave after death. Of course there are traditions of Masomeenasws which clearly say about questions in the grave. However, these questions will not be like ‘MCQs’ (multiple choice questions) but will be based on intensions of a believer, what he/she means by the given answer.

ن الحار عبد الجبن عد بمحم نع ريعالأش ليو عأب نر إلا مأل في القبسد الله ع لا يبو عقال قال أب ميرضكر الحأبي ب نة علبثع نال عجمهنن عولهون يرالآخ ضا وحم الكفر ضحم ضا أوحان مالإمي ضحم

Abu Ali al-Ashariy has narrated from Mohammed ibn Abd Al-Jabbar from al-Hajjal, who from Thalabah, who from abu Bakr al-Hadramiy, who has said the following:

Abu Abd Allahasws has said: ‘No one is interrogated in the grave except those whose faith and belief is pure or those whose disbelief is firm, others, besides these, are left alone.’66

For example in one of the traditions, when a companion asked from Imam Abu Jafarasws : ‘What will they be asked about? Imamasws replied:

They will be asked about the Divine authority established among you. The believers will be asked: What do you say about so and so son of so and so? The believer will say: He is my Imam. They then will say: ‘Rest to sleep; may Allahazwj grant rest to your eyes.’ They will open to him a door to paradise whereby he keeps receiving gifs up to the Day of Judgment..67, Ahadith on the questions in grave are given in Appendix VI.

Those Who Say ‘Imam’ to a ‘Mujtahid’ and Take Relig ion from Them Will be in Trouble:

In an other tradition (H: 11, Appendix VI), after answering questions on Rabazwj, Prophetsaww, and Imamasws , there will be a further question from the deceased about the Imam, as he will be asked: ‘How did you come to the know that he is your Imam? He (the deceased) will reply: It is a matter to which Allahazwj Guided me and kept me steadfast therewith.’ It then will be said to him: ‘Rest to sleep without dreams like a the sleep of newly wedded person.’ A door to Paradise is then opened to him through, which fragrance and happiness of Paradise continue to come to him. ……

An unbeliever is asked: ‘Who is your Lord? He replies: ‘Allahazwj is my Lord. He is then asked: Who is your Prophet? He replies: ‘Mohammedsaww is my Prophet.’ He is then asked: ‘What is your religion?’ He replies: Islam is my religion.’ He is then asked: How did you come to know it?’ He replies: ‘People said so and so did I. The two angels will then strike him with a war club on his head such that even all man and Jinn together cannot bear (its pain). The Imamasws said: ‘He

66 Al-Kafi, vol. 3, H. 4671, Ch. 86, h. 1, also see ahadith, 2-4 (same chapter). 67 Al-Kafi, vol. 3, H. 4677, Ch. 86, h. 8,

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 24 out of 38

will melt like lead. Then they (the angels) will return his soul to his body and place his heart between two boards of fire and he will plead: ‘O Lord, please delay the coming of the Day of Judgment.’

From the above hadith, it is clear anyone selecting an Imam for guidance or taking religion from anyone other than who has been appointed by Allahazwj, will surely be treated as a ‘Kafir’.

Appendix I 68

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�� �! �3/� � !� أ4=" "T � G�=&R و �3/� � c/p$ �!�4 G$و ا�+و _+ � أ 6�3�.$ � �&� "/� �و ا���8ن ��c/p إ�!� 8!�ا ����/5 ��/5 ��دث إذ آ���ا ;�/� �T#$ 5+_ ذ�> ا��/5 و $���� آ�ن ^�هf ���&� آ!� أ�� رأ$=� �/!�ء ا

� �7�Y 61I$ g �34 ^!� ا�c��p و �� �!��� v61 و إ�!� 8!� اIء 4,�روا إ�" ا���Y��� 5/و ر�!� �4ر;51 ا�� G/1^ � "/�� ا�,�ت و g $�,+ا�!p/�ق ا58 ا��/5 و ا��/< ا�!�=" � �!.$ �� رأ$: و 8!� ر�=� B^ g ���!8ء �4�

� ا�'�ات ��] �/" �� آ!�/� "&pR g ��B و ^6 أ��+ أ� �� و �[=� +e=ا� "/�� أن ^Bأ�� ا�~ي �.!� �� g ��3ى � 8!�=� �#� �34 ^!�=� ا58g ���.!�� و ا��/< ا�!�=" g �= و ه[~ا ا��,�+ BI� gء �� أ�,+ آ!� أ�� ��,+ �BIء

+�,� v�4 ��+_ و �[� ا �� �&�=$= �,pY 61I$ g "=�!58 و ا��/< ا�g�34 ^!�=� ا �و ه� ;�`�e [�� 5را إ�� �=" ا��,�ب و ;��م �/" �8ق �4 آ�� آ!� ;� : ا���Yء و �[� أ��+ أ�� ;�`�p$ 5+ أ�� ���4 آ�3ل "/�

+�� f4ن و ه� �B و ^6 ا��3`5 �/" آ6 �&] �!� آ.�: و ا��3`5 أ$�T �4 آfم ا�=�س ا���;� و ا��3E� 5`�35 ا�+^6 ا�` �=�!I$ 5� 58 وg�8ق �34 ^!�=� ا "/� 5`�; �= + f4ن أي اآ&� و ا�5`�3 E� 5; 6^+/� <��3آ G$�&]ا� �� +�p$ �T$أ

�/" ;/G و ;G4�T و '�+ و �[�ا�!�=" [�/4 >�o/ا� � �=�ع � أن $�رك و أgء و ا��Yا�=&�ذ �4 ا� "/� ذ�> �� ه~ا ا� + و �f4 >oن �4 ~ه�� و >o� <��3�3 آ!�� � $�p+ك أ�� �!� 1�4+ ا��63 و �4ت ا�o/\ و ��د ��;

G/3ا�,�+ و ا� �= G4�o/أن $�رك �#� أو $#� ��'< و ا� �� "���R رك و��R vا >o� ا��ه5 14[~ا � �g �&/o $�رآ� �Yو أ � ا���p+ ��4~ي�34 ^!�=� ا58g و ا��/< ا�!�=" =�� ��] �/�G�+I و اB�$ g gب R�&$ g ء ء و��Y��� ر����

�/5 �ن � آ�ن آ~�> آ�ن ^�هf و اB$ 5� "���R vل ���+ا �!� $c/p و � ����ر �/!� ��gه!� gو ا G�+I�4&��_ ا���� ^61 ا�!��/5 و ;� ^!�=� ا58g و ا��/< ا�!�=" +�p�.!ا�=�س ا� � +��pا�f� � و أ � ا��eه+ 4/�] � أ^6 أ�

�/��1 آ�3ل ا�+^��Yª� 6ء �+آ�ب �4;�1 و ;��د �Rء و ;�ر��Yا� G�/�� 5 �~راه� و �[� ذ�> �13+_ و=.R �1 و�/� v�1ر اw 4[1~ا G�/ا�&/§ و ا�� "/� +�p$ �!,� "/� v1+�� اwا`� و أ�� 1w+ت �/" أ

146: ص 1: ج ) ع(أخبارالرضا عيون 68

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 25 out of 38

�Y ��/� "&p$ g _ه+ �!� أراد�eو ه� ا� ��/" ا���Yء و و^� �D+ و ه� أ� w يE4 ى+$ � 6]� +�� ��ه+ ء و أ�أ1w+ و أو�� أ +ا � ا��R g <�b4 "���R vم '=��� ���R �!Z^1: و �4> � D��ر_ � $�=�> و ا��eه+ =� ا���رز

� و ا�!�/�م �#�_ �34 ^!�=� ا58g و �I$ 5!�=� ا�!�=" .&=�"=� "/� [�/4 �sا��� � ا�o��8gن ���Yªء �Eن و أYª� ���o��8ا "/� �= � و �/!: $��ر �1�4 و �[� ذ�> R+�� �=�$ ��=oا آ�3ل ا��3`6 أ�+���R و �e&� و �!/���ء

�qا���`+ �4 ا� "=�!� �= �sم 8+_ و ا�����] � ��] ء ا�!.��+ �34 ^!�=� ا58g و ا��/< ا�!�=" �b4 +ا��3ه � و أ�fج و �,\ "=� "/��$ 51= �د ;�ه+ا و و ا����ل و �اراة و [+ آ!� $13+ ا����د ���T�� 51T ��4!�13ر

�=�ع gا G/; و �/�� ا�~ل �&�� [��/ c/p$ � �/" أن ^!�� "���R رك و��R vا � ا��3ه+ $��د �13را و �[� ذ�> � ذآ+ت و و'&: �34 ^!�=� "/� �= ��� ��+ أ�� $�3ل �� آ� �4[�ن و ا��3ه+ G4+s �= �!� أراد �� �p$ 5+ج

�B و ا58g و ا��/< ا�!�=" و ه[~ا ^!�� ا�8! vر �!� أ��3=� إ��> و ا����gء و إن آ=� �5 �.!�1 آ/�1 �34 $[�&" ا��=3�4�R د�� و�Y�4 إر <������=� و 6^

Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Mohammed ibn Imran ad-Daqqaqra narrated that Mohammed ibn Yaqoob al-Kulayni quoted on the authority of Ali ibn Mohmmed- known as Allan, on the authority of Mohammed ibn Isa, on the authority of Al-Hussain ibn Khalid, who said the following:

Abil Hassan Al-Rezaasws said: ‘May Allahazwj bestow upon you knowledge of the good. Know that the Blessed the Sublime God is Eternal. The Eternity is that attribute, which guides the wise to know that there was noting before Him in eternity, nor is there anything eternal along with Him. That this attribute is a miraculous one has come to light from the acknowledgement of the common folks that there is noting before Allahazwj, with Allahazwj or after Him. At the same time, it invalidates the belief that there was something before or along with Himazwj. Had there been something eternal along with Himazwj, Heazwj would not have been the Creator of that thing. If it was along with Himazwj, then how could Heazwj have been it’s creator? Had there been something existing before Him, then that thing might have been His creator because of its existing earlier than Him.

The Blessed the Sublime Allahazwj has ascribed certain names to Himselfazwj. When Heazwj created Hisazwj creatures, Heazwj enabled them to worship Himazwj and told Hisazwj creation to call Himazwj by those names. Heazwj called Himselfazwj All-Hearing, All-Seeing, All-Powerful, Guarding, Standing, Manifest, Hidden, Subtle, All Aware, Powerful, Majestic, Wise, the All-Knowing and other similar names. When the animosity-mongers who speak lies heard us mention such names and that there is nothing similar to Himazwj, and that none of the creatures are like onto Himazwj they began to speak out. They said: ‘When you say that there is nothing like onto Himazwj and nothing is similar to Himazwj, then how come you also use those beautiful names for yourselves? This is a proof that you are similar to Himazwj in all conditions or in some conditions because of having the same beautiful names.’ It is said to them that the Blessed the Sublime Allahazwj has named Hisazwj servants with some of Hisazwj Owen names but with differences in the meanings. A name may have two different meanings. The proof of this is simply what is popular amongst the people. This is the same way that Allahazwj has addressed the people. Heazwj has spoken to them by means of the things that they understand so that they will have no excuse in their misdeeds.

A man is sometimes called a dog, a donkey, a bull, a lion, sweet or bitter. All these are used with a meaning different from their true meaning since they are not used in their original meanings. Since a man is neither a lion nor a dog. May Allahazwj have Mercy upon you, please pay close attention to this.

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 26 out of 38

Allahazwj is called ‘All-Aware’ (Al-Alim) it does not mean that Heazwj is come to Know after acquiring knowledge and gaining experience but Heazwj is ‘Al-Alim’ due to His Own Self. So what Heazwj Creates, and Heazwj Destroys is due to Hisazwj Own Self and any ignorance and weakness are surely not part of Hisazwj Own Self.

We see that people of knowledge among the people are called ‘Alim’ because of acquiring some knowledge in various stages (of their lives), which they did had at some point in time before. The same knowledge will also be lost from them and they will become ignorant of it (in their old age or due to death). Whereas, Allahazwj is called ‘Al-Alim’ (All-Knowing) because Heazwj is not ignorant of anything. Thus, the Creatorazwj and the creatures are both called knowing, but the meaning is different as you have noticed.

Our Allahazwj is called ‘Al-Sami’ (All Hearing). However, this is not through a body-part on Himazwj with which Heazwj could hear the sound (like we do) but could not see (without it) as is the case with us. As we cannot see with the part with which we are able to hear. Allahazwj Tells us, that no sound is hidden from Himazwj. His hearing is not limited as it is in our case. Here again the name ‘Sami’ is used in both cases but in different meanings.

Allahazwj is also ‘Al-Basir’ (the all-Seeing) in the same way. That is Heazwj is seeing not through an organ unlike us. We see using a body-part with which we cannot do anything else. However, Allahazwj is All-Seeing but not by looking at an object. Again the same name is used in both cases but its meaning is different.

Allahazwj is said to be called ‘Al-Qaim’ (the Standing) but not in the sense of standing in an upright position on the legs as is the case with other things. When Heazwj Says that Heazwj is Standing it means that Heazwj is the Guardian. This is like saying that a man is standing behind our affairs. Allahazwj is Standing behind every soul regarding what it gains. As used by people the word standing also has meanings like remaining and sufficing. As you may say to a man, ‘Stand up over the affairs of so and so’ which means deal with them in a sufficient manner. Standing for us means that we stand on our legs/resources. Therefore the name is similar but it’s meaning is different.

The name ‘Al-Lateef’ meaning ‘the Subtle’ is not in the sense of smallness or being infinitesimal, but it is in the rarity and hard to perceive nature of things. As an example it may be said: ‘It has become very delicate for me, and that ‘so and so’ is very delicate in his manners and dealings.’ This means that it is profound for the intellect and it is very difficult to understand. It has become so delicate that even one’s imagination cannot perceive it. Allahazwj is Subtle beyond recognition, to be comprehended through definitions or be limited by an attribute in the way we are subtle, small and delicate. Names are the same but different in meaning.

The name ‘Al-Khabir’ meaning ‘All-Aware’ is for the Oneazwj Who Knows all things completely but not by means of gaining experience and learning from the past as if were it not for this experience a person would lack understanding. Therefore, one without any experience and training is an ignorant person. Allahazwj is

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 27 out of 38

always ‘All-Aware’ of what Heazwj has Created. The people who are well are those people who are learning to overcome their ignorance. Thus names are the same but again, they differ in meaning.

The name ‘Al-Zahir’ meaning ‘Clear and Conspicuous’ is not because of Himazwj being over and on top of all things or sitting on the topmost part of them, but it is because of Hisazwj Domination and having power over all things. An example of this is when a person says: ‘I overcame my enemies or that Allahazwj Granted me victory over my enemies.’ In this case, there is a report of the failure and victory. Thus this shows Allahazwj’s Dominance over all things.

Another example is that Hisazwj Existence is clear for those who want (to know) Himazwj. Nothing is hidden from Himazwj and Heazwj is the Guardian of all that can be seen (exist). Whose existence can then be clearer than that of the Sublime Allahazwj? Wherever one is, he will observe Hisazwj creatures. Even within one’s own self there is enough of Hisazwj Creation. However, for us our existence is what is apparent and has limits. Therefore the names are the same, but the meaning differs.

The name ‘Al-Batin’ means ‘the Hidden’. This is not in the sense of being inside of things by means of diving in, or by other means of (obscuration). Rather it is in the sense of His dealing with, having knowledge of, preserving and regulating the internal aspect of all things. As one may say, ‘I tried to find the inside to learn and discover the secrets.’ Hidden for us is what is unseen and covered. In this case again the names are the same but they differ in meaning.

The name ‘al-Qahir’ means ‘the Subduer’ it is not in the sense of plotting, using certain devices and speaking attractive words or cunning means as some people subdue each other. The victorious among the people may become subdued and vice versa. For Allahazwj all creatures are weak. Due to the absence of obstacles in what Heazwj wills about them, it only takes less than a blinking of the eye to say it Be and it is. ‘We but Say the word, ‘Be’ and it is’ (21:23) . Subduing in our case is how I mentioned and explained. Thus names are alike but their meanings different.

That is the case for all the names, although weasws have not mentioned all of them. We will suffice with this for learning purposes. May Allahazwj be your Helper and ourasws Helper in the matters of guidance and success.69

Appendix II

Verses of Quran containing the word ‘Rab’

� إ� � ه� ا�� � اب ا�+ ��5 �/� ):D " 3/�4)372دم � ر�-� آ/!�ت ��4ب

�=� ر�-� و g ��ف �/51� و g هB#$ 5��ن �/" _+ � أ/4 �.# � و ه� /� �1 � أ8/5 و )1122:(

69 Uyun Akhbar al-Reza, vol. 1, pg. 264

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 28 out of 38

� ;�ل و � ذر-$ �� إ و إذ ا��/"� � �[/!�ت RE4! �1 ;�ل إ�-� ^��/> �/= �س إUاه�5 ر�+� ��!�� e1�ي ا�� ;�ل g $=�ل )1242:(

� أ8/5 ;�ل أ8/!: �+ب- ا����!�� Uر� � ):1312(إذ ;�ل �

و أ �: و $!�: ;�ل أ�� أ��� ر�-� أن �RD_ ا�/ � ا�!/> إذ ;�ل إ�+اه�5 ر�-� ا� ~ي $#�� ج إ�+اه�5 �4أ R 5�+ إ�" ا� ~ي ���RE$ � � ا�!q+ق E4ت �1� � ا�!�+ب 1�4: ا� ~ي آ& ;�ل إ�+اه�b4 5ن ا�/ [! q��� ��!�� e1�ي ا3��م ا�$ g �+ و ا�/

)2582:(

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):2752(ه5 �1�4 ����ون

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6 و +4 ��/ � ر^��[b4 5ن 5� $[��� ر �$��1Y 1�واq�8�����ل و ا �U��أن $!6 ه� 4/�!/6 و ��o�.$ g أو �&��� و E$ gب ا��1Uqاء إذا � د��ا و g !� 4�~آ-+ إ��اه!� اE��+ىا +أ�Rن ! � R+��ن � ا��1Uqاء أن 6TR إ��اه

� ذ�[5 أ;.¤ �=� ا�/ � و أ;�م �/q �1دة و أد�" R.7!�ا أن R[���_ '��+ا أو آ��+ا إ�"/ �Iرة أ�R+R g��ا إg أن R[�ن R أ=�ح أR g[���ه� و أ1Y�وا إذا ��R$5�� و �T$ gر آ�R\ و �1Y g� و إن R&�/�ا 5]�/����+ة �R$+و[�/4 5]=�� �1�

]� �� 4.�ق �[5 و اR �3ا ا�/ � و $�/-![5 ا�/ � و ا�/ �b4�Y -6 5�/� ):2822(ء

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� و آ��� و ر8/� g �&+-ق ��� أ�� � ر8/� و �]f � و /��� � D �6ن آ�= H!�و ا � � ر�- � � ا�+ �8ل �!� أB�ل إ��D ):2852(=� و أs�=� �&+ا�> ر� =� و إ��> ا�!,�+ ;���ا 8!�

��ء ه=��> د�� زآ+$ � ر� � ;�ل رب- ه\ ��Uإ� > 8!�� ا�� G�-�s G $-ذر <��� � )383:(

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� b�ذن ر�-� و ا� ~ي ��� p$ g+ج إg �[�ا آ~�> �,+-ف ا��$�ت 3��م $q[+ون R��� ج+p$ \-� o587(و ا��/� ا�:(

� ر�-� ;���ا إ� � �!� ;�ل ا�!/E ا� 68+ =51 أ R�/!�ن أن '��#� � D �!� ا�&�T�8ا �$~ /� � �; � ~$� ا8�[�+وا =�ن H � ):757(أر68 �

"8� ���� � و وا 5�4 +q�� ه��=!!Rو أ G/�� ���f� "8� � ه�رون ا�/&=� �3ت ر�-� أر���� ��/G و ;�ل ��E� �4 � �; ):1427(و أ'/� و �R g �� 6��8 ا�!&.�$�

"8� � ;�ل رب- أر�� و �! � ^�ء Uر� �� و أe�+ إ��> ;�ل �� R+ا�� �!�R�3=� و آ/ !��] �[� اe�+ إ�" اb4 6�I�ن ا3�8+ � دآ�� و �+ �8" 4.�ف R+ا��/� 6�I/� �Uر� " /IR � !/4 ��= H!�إ��> و أ�� أو ل ا :�R <��#�8 3�� 4/! � أ�4ق ;�ل'

)1437:(

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):4511( و إن و��ك ا�#Uc و أ�: أ�[5 ا�#�آ!�� � أه/� ��ح ر� � �34ل رب- إن ا�=� و ��دى

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 29 out of 38

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� أ��ب � � $�qء و $�1ي إ�� U6T$ � � ر�-� ;6 إن ا�/ G$D ��/� ):2713(و $�3ل ا� ~$� آ&+وا �� g أB�ل

� ر�!G ر�-� إg ا��U�� Tن ¤=3$ � );5615(;�ل و

�� أ + ر�-� أ p ��4~و�� و ذر-$ �� أو���ء � و إ c.&4 -�I�ا � ذ ;/=� �/!G]f اI8�وا ��دم I.4�وا إg إ�/�[ آ�ن ):5018( و ه5 �[5 ��و� g�� ��!�� e/� [7� دو��

5/wأ � �/"و �=/� : $�ا_ إ� � �; � �+ض �=�1 و �.� E4 � Dذا51� ;/�51� أآ= G أن $&�13_ و �4 ! � ذآ-+ ��$�ت ر�-�51 إ�" ا�1�ى�R 5718( 4/� $1��وا إذا أ��ا و;+ا و إن:(

w � � �~ا�� �[+ا /5 4.�ف ��~-�� �5 $+دU إ�";�ل أ ��-~��4 � ):8718( ر�-

"��$ 5]/Z +q� ��ك ;6 إ� !� أ+q$ g و �#��' f!� 6!��/4 ��ا �3�ء ر�- ����دة إ�� أ� !� إ�1[5 إ�� وا�� 4!� آ�ن $+ ):11018(ر�-� أ��ا

):319( ر� � ��اء �&��� إذ ��دى

����+ � + أه/� ���, fة و ا�B آ�ة و آ�ن �=� ر�-E$ 5519(و آ�ن:(

$ g ت �1�4 و�!$ g 5 =1 � � b4ن �+I � � $Eت ر� � ):7420 ( #�"إ�

",� � ورق اG =I� و �!1�/� =�1 4��ت 1RD�8 �!1�!� و p$ �3&s,&�ن fآE4 4��ى � ):D ) 12120دم ر�

� و ه�ى�/�� ��4ب Uر� _��� ):12220 ( �5 ا

H$ 5� أ8+ف و � ):12720 ( � ��$�ت ر�-� و ��~اب ا���+ة أU�Y و أ3�"و آ~�> BI�ي

� �4 ا�,U#< اE�و�" G=-�� 51RER 5� أ و � � ر�- G$�� �=�RE$ g �� 13320 ( و ;���ا:(

):8321(ر5� ا�+ ا�!�� ر� � أ�-� . =� ا�U+UT و أ�: أ و أ$�Uب إذ ��دى

):8921( 4+دا و أ�: ��+ ا��ار��� ر� � رب- R g~ر�� و زآ+$ � إذ ��دى

"/�$ � g���م إE�و أ�/ : �[5 ا ��=� ر�- �� +�� �14 � �ت ا�/ +� 5-e�$ � � اE�و��ن �/� ذ�> و [ �=��ا ا�+- �4 5]�=��ا ;�ل ا�UBور ):3022(و ا

�=� ر�-� إ� � g $&/� ا�[�4+ون ���.� �! �b4 �� � ):11723(و � $�ع � ا�/ � إ�g +�D �1 �+ه�ن �

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 30 out of 38

� ):5525( ر�-� �1w+ا � g $=&51� و U+T$ gه5 و آ�ن ا�[�4+ �/"و $���ون � دون ا�/

� �Yء أن $� p~ إ�" gإ + � أ ��/� � أ5]/78 6; f��8 � ):5725( ر�-

� D$�ت � ر�-� ;6 إ� �/� ):5029(!� ا��$�ت �=� ا�/ � و إ� !� أ�� �~$+ ��� و ;���ا �� g أB�ل

=3�!�ن �� +I!�ا � ! � ذآ-+ ��$�ت ر�-� �5 أ�+ض �=�1 إ� � 5/wأ � ):2232(و

� b�ذن ر�-� و � و �./�!�ن ا�+-$� ��وUه� 1Y+ و روا1Y �1�+ و أ8/$�$ ��� 6!�$ � -�I�ا � ��� اo3�+ و �� �=�~اب ا�. ��+ � �;~� ��+ �� أ 51= ):B$)1234غ

5�/8 \/3� � ):8437(إذ ^�ء ر�

� و إن آ�Z+ا � ا�o/p�ء ����� � ;�ل H.� <!/w �3�ال I���> إ�" �� "/� 51T�� ا�/!� =�ا و D �$~ ا� gإ ��� ):2438(ا�, ��#�ت و ;/�6 � ه5 و �w داود أ� !� 4�= �_ 8�4��&+ ر� � و �+ راآ�� و أ��ب

):4138( ر� � أ�-� . =� ا��o� qن �=,\ و �~اب $�Uب إذ ��دىو اذآ+ ����� أ

� أ��ادا /� 6� � ;6� و � � آ�ن $���ا إ�� �.� �= G!�� � =��� إ��� �5 إذا �� � �و إذا ] اb��.�ن �+� د�� ر� � ;R 6!� � �[&+ك ;/�f إ� > � أ'#�ب ا�= �ر �/��8 �� 6T�)839:(

g �$~ 6 ه6 $.��ي ا� ~$� $�/!�ن و ا�; ��ا ر�!G ر�- �ا و ;�!� $#~ر ا���+ة و $+ أ � ه� ;��: ��Dء ا�/ 6� �8 ):939(�/!�ن إ� !� $�~آ + أو��ا اE����ب $

"/� � ذآ+ ا�/ � أو�7> �4 أ Y �!4+ح ا�/ � '�ر_ �/f8bم 14� 51��/; G�8�3/� 6$�4 � f�ل ��� ��ر � ر�-)2239:(

):2640( و ���ع ر� � إ�-� أ��ف أن $��-ل د$=[5 أو أن $1e+ �4 اE�رض ا�&.�د ;6� �8" أ و ;�ل 4+��ن ذرو��

�ن +I 2244(4��� ر� � أن هgHء ;�م :(

"/�� أ 4!� آ�ن /!� � ر�-� آ!� ز$-� �� �8ء G=-�� 5���ا أه�اءه R1447( و ا:(

� D$�ت ر�-� ا�[�+ى 3�� رأى ) 1853:(

1054(4��� ر� � أ�-� �/�ب �4��,+ :(

= ��ن � ):4655(و �!� ��ف �3م ر�-

".� � إن s/ 3[� أن $���� أزوا^� ��+ا U-��ت و أ�[�را ر�����ات �8#�ت �� =�ت ;����ت �R��ت H ./!�ت �]=)566:(

�م ~ � ر�-� �=�~ ����+اء و ه� G!�� � ):g ��)4968 أن �Rارآ

� ا�, ��#�� �/�I4 �Uر� _��� �4)5068:(

�~ا�� '��ا �=&�= �]/.$ �� و � $�+ض �� ذآ+ ر�-1772(51 �4:(

):1973( ر�-� f��8 إن ه~_ R~آ+ة �Y �!4ء اp R~ إ�"

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 31 out of 38

):2976( ر�-� f��8 إن ه~_ R~آ+ة �Y �!4ء اp R~ إ�"

4 Uc#�إ�"ذ�> ا���م ا ~p Rء ا�Y �! ��� � ):3978( ر�-

� ����اد ا�!�3 س �sى U1679(إذ ��دا_ ر�:(

� ��ف �3م ر�-� و 1�" ا�= &] �� ا�1�ى � ):4079 ( و أ

):1584( إن ر� � آ�ن �� �,�+ا �/"

,4 � ):1587(/ " و ذآ+ ا58 ر�-

� � و �� !� �3�4ل ر�-� أآ+ � E4آ+Uر� _f��ا � � اb��.�ن إذا E4)1589:(

"/�E�ا �� ر�- ):2092 ( إg ا����ء و

= �ت ��ن IR+ي � R#�1� ا�1�E�ر ��� � ذ�> �!� Bاؤه5 �=� ر�-51 =��=51 و ر��ا ��$� �1�4 أ��ا ر�� ا�/ � ):q�)898� ر�

Appendix III

686: ;�] ص �� 5�/8 آ��ب

_gوا � � ���ي H �/�� أ�� و و��� و و'�� و �/�&G �4 أ �� ���ي أg و إ�� و�� آ6 ~pRو�" إ�� أن أE4 fو د���� � � إg آ�4+ واg_ اv و T��$ g و � H gإ ��#$ g vا �Tأ�� �Tأ�� � دا_ ��دا_ اv و � أ��� أ��� اv و و 8[=�1 و ه� آ/!G اv ا���3ى و �+وة اv ا���3" أ R+$�ون أن oR&�7ا ��ر ا�4E� vاه[5 و اv رب ا�رض ���ي

$� أ$�1 ا�=�س ���/� ] ��ر أ�� و $�E" اv إg أن $�5 ��ر_و $+$� أ��اء اv أن $o&�7ا[ �5 ��ر_ و �� آ+_ ا�!q+آ�ن �Y ����3ه�آ5 ��`�[5 ]51�/� �1Yو'�� ] ا�/51 ا +q�$� أ$�1 ا�=�س إن اe� +e� v+ة ���GZ ����4ر =51 ���ي ا�=�

�� � ��� أ��[ � أه6 ���� و ه5 ���ر أ� Z/51 وا��ا ��� وا�� آ/!� ه/> وا�� ;�] =51 أ�� �q+ إ 51= م وا�� � آ!6Z ا�=�Iم �4 ا�.!�ء آ/!� ��ب �5I� �/s 5I ��51 أ`!G ه�اة ��1ون T$ g+ه5 آ�� � آ�ده5 و g~� gن

� آ�ده5 و �~�51[�~�51 <�~� vا +T$ 6� [ و vع ا�s51 أ��sأ � �3/� "/�GI� 514 اv �4 أر�� و �1Yاؤ_ �,�ه5 �," اv ه5 � ا�D+3ن و � G!`أول ا� ���� �/� ا�D+3ن �g 51 $&�ر;��� و g $&�ر;51 ��" $+دوا

�/� ع ��+ه5 �5 ا�=� ا�#.� �5 ا�=� ا�#.�� �G�.R 5] أ��[

Appendix IV

� ا�.fم[ن، ] ا������[�/�� ;�ل �� �=� �� �=� #! � �� ا�#.� �� أ�!� �� ا����� ر�� ا�] ���ن أ���ر ا�+�� =� � / #! � �� أ�� ز$�د ا�I�-ي- '��\ ا�, /�ة �I� ة ;�ل �� -� B/3�أ�� ز$�د ا �� � !# �� \R�]�و ا+!� �� � !#

�� -�/� �� +!� �� "�#$ �� � !# �ن �� �=� E!�ا �=� أ�� �s�\ ;�ل 8!�: أ�� ا�#.� ا�+-�� ع $�[/ 5 1�~ا ا�[/�م � 51T��� ���� 51� و "�� Uا��/�ي �� ا58�3� �� �4 ا�� ���� ;�ل ا�� أ�� ز$�د و روا_ �� أ$T� أ�!� �� ��� ا�/

!� �=� ه�5Y �34ل إ�-� أر$� أن أ8��!6 ا�+-�� �/" ه~ا �ن �! � أراد أن $.��!6 ا�+-�� ع E!�ب ا��/�ي- أن ا�U$أ �-��R 5 و ;���اY���ي 4#.�_ �=� ه� � + E�ا � �ه/� ��] �� �,+ �����+ اG4�/p� �4��� إ��� $RE=� 4�+ى �/ ر

�� 4��� إ��� �RE4_ �34ل �� �=� ه�5Y $� أ�� ا�#.� ا'�� ا�!=�+ و ا�,\ �=� �/� �� U��ل.R � �/1 ��/� �/!� ���� ا�/ �-��� "/�� و '/ " �/� o+;� �5 ا��&� ا��&�G� و ا8��ى ;�!� و �!� ا�/ � و أ�=" 5 /]�$ �� ��/ 4,�� ع ا�!=�+ 34��

��� �1q�دة و أه6 ���� �5 ;�ل أو ل =�� و أ'6 �+G4 ا�/ � R����_ و �e�م R���� ا�/ � �&� ا�,-&�ت �4+� ��دة ا�/ �'�ف و �1Yدة آ6- ا�3��ل أن آG&' 6 و �'�ف p/�ق و �1Yدة آ6- �'�ف أن �� G&,� [�� �3��� و � �

'&G و �'�ف ����;�+ان و �1Yدة ا��;�+ان ���#�ث و �1Yدة ا�#�ث ���� �=�ع � اE�زل ا�!!�=� � ا�#�ث 4/�] �� و ] ا�/ �[ا�/ Rذا ���q ���� ف+� � � و �� �� '� ق � 1� �_ و �� / Z � �� إ$ �_ و� � � اآ�=1� و �� 3�3��� أ'�ب

� و �� إ$ �_ أرادT �� � 6 �~R �� و �� �1 �Y � "=� � أ�Yر إ��� و �� إ$ �_ _�!' �!' � �+وف �=&. U6آ � � R�ه ! �� �/G3 ا�/ � I� :�ZR ة+o&��� و ��4+� �3��R و �3����ل ��/� U��ل.$ � ,=�ع و آU6 ;�5 �4 8�ا_ �/�ل �,=� ا�/

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� إ$ �ه5 &�ر;�� أ$=� 51� ا�I� c/p�ب ��=� و ��=$�� و ا���اؤ_ إ$ �ه5 د��/51 �/" أن �� ا���اء �� BI�� آ6- ] إ�-� 51�[�=51 و 8E4!�ؤ_ R���+ و ] ا�!Hد-$�[اة �4� �1q�دة اE�دوات �&�;G ا�!�د$� ���إ �� ا���اء ��+_ و أدو_ إ$ �ه5 د6�� �/" أن �� أد

� و ��� �/3� و ���ر_ =�� c$+&R �� G3�3� و آ=1R5�1 و ذا&R �61 ] ���ر_[أ4��� � R#�$� �!� 8�ا_ 34� �ا�/ � /�� و � ;�ل 34 5�� 1 �Y �34 >�ل آ�; � � اآ�=1� و _Eo�و ;� أ �/!�Yا � �[ا8��'&� و ;� R�� ا_ / /� [ � و

� و � ;�ل إ��م 34� 1� �_ و � ;�ل �� �م 34� �� �_ و � �� �_ 34� ��$�_ و � ;�ل �" 34� و; �� و � ;�ل 34 5�4� �! =B أ_ 34� و'&� و � و'&� 34� أ�#� �4� �� $��� + ا�/ � ������ر � B أ_ و �34 _�$�� �$�#�� U�#=$ �� �!ق آ�/p!�ا

�� \$+; G4�.!� �� �$�� G/$اB!� �� �s�� G$6© �� 1�8��/�ل رؤI� ا�!#�ود أ�� �� E��و6$ ��د �wه+ �� E��و$6 ا�!Y��+ة � �� >�o� ء �!�ا��ة�Y G �!1� �� �$+ Gآ+#� �� +-�� �د �� ��� ��م �4�o��� �� 6+ار �3-ر �� I��ل 4[+ة � 5U.I�

� اE�و;��#,R �� داةE� �� +�,� G��� �� ��!8 G .I!� �� �رك G !1� �� �� ا�.-=�ت و _~�ER �� آ� و� E�ا �= !TR �� ت و�+ف أن �� +��q!�ا _+��q�� ��د_ و ا�����اء أز� U�#R_ ا�,-&�ت و �� R&��_ اE�دوات c�8 اE�و;�ت آ��� و ا���م و

�� +�q ��� �� ��� اYE���ء �+ف أن �� �� �� و �!�3ر��R د�T!� و ��ه+ � و �1I��+_ اI��اه+ �+ف أن �� I51���� و ا� G$�/I�و ا G!/Ue��� ر�U=��د ا� � �ر �+ف أن �� ;+$� �E�ا ��� >-�H .�ء ����/6 و ا�, +د ���#+ور

�Y -6آ � 6 و �B و � �H-&�1 ذ�> ;�� "/� �1&��E�� �1 و;-+& "/� �13$+&�� G �1 دا�R�����ا &+-ق ��� �1R�$���د ء �� ��/ [R 5~آ +ون 4&+ ق �1� ��� ;6� و ��� ���/5 أ� � ;6� �� و �� ��� �Yه�ة ��+اBه� أ� � �+$Bة �!�+-زه� �/3=� زو

p�] �!�+زه�[ �1Rوت �!&�و�&R � �1 أ�Rو�&�� G ب دا��I� � 5 أ�/��� ��� �� �1T�� \I� �1�-;�!� :;ة ���;��1� أ� � و+ �=" ا�+G ����U إذ �� +��ب و G3�3� اG �1�b� إذ �� E��_ و �=" ا5���� �� و ��=�1 � ��+ه� �=�� "=� و �� �/�م و

"=� �=" اc��p� و �� b���ا�� ا��+ا$� ا8�&�د c#�8ا c/� ~ اc��p� و �� p/�ق و ERو$6 ا�. !� و �� .!�ع ��] ��-��R �� آ�< و G �ا���ر]����R [ g و ��� �/!�q$ �� و "� �� 6�� و �� $�;-��I#$ �� و �; ����R �� و ~

1��= � أ�1���4 � إ� !� U�#R اE�دوات أ�&.�1 و �qR+ اG��� إ�" �e�+ه� و �4 اYE���ء $� � ~ ا3�� G و �!�3R �; �1�ر� � ��$=IR �1� �1/ " '��1�� �/�3�ل و �1� �� :�+�E4 :=$��R �1 و;-+& "/�= �1�� ���� ا�� [!/G ا4 :;+�4�� : اE�ز�� G و

�� ا�+Uؤ$G و إ \I��ار �3����ل $3��� ا+;b��14 ا +�R �1��#�آ5 اE�وه�م و �1�4 أ��: ��+_ و =�1 أ��¤ ا�� 6�� و �1� � و b���;+ار $[!6 اb�$!�ن �� �� د$�G� إ� � ��� �+G4 و /��� c$�, و �� ا�� ���q ا�� � �+G4 إ� � b��/�ص و �� إ�/�ص ��

��/�� �� IR+ي ���' �4 �=�!$ ��4 �]!$ � U6و آ �3��� �4 � �$ �� c/p��4 ا � U6]4 ���q �/� ��ت ا�,-&�ت�إ � �&�� و BI�� أ آ=1� و �� �=� ا�#+Rذا :Rه� ا���أ_ إذا ��&�و � �+ا_ أو $��د �4 � ه� أ ��/�آG و ا�.U[�ن و آ�< $I+ي

� اE�زل �=�_ و �! � آ�ن �/��رئ �=" ��+ ا�!�+وء و � B� ا�� !�م إذا �� وراء إذا �� �� أ �م و �� ا��!] �� �� �� � ا�q�tء إذا �3� �=�!$ �� � � ا�#�ث و آ�< $=q� اYE���ء �=�!$ �� � � G$D ا�=3U,�ن آ�< $.�#Uc اE�زل �4 :

_�=� �اب و �� �4 �=� G�E.!�و �� �4 ا G I� ل ا3��ل�# �4 [�� ��/� ����� ا�!,=�ع و ��#� ل د��/� ��� � آ�ن �� اc/p� 5�� إ� � � �� 5�e�R و �� �4 إ����� 5�e��ا U�/��ا � �=�ع اE�ز��- أن $Z= " و � �� ��أ �� أن $��أ �� إ�� إ� � ا�/ �

��D و � !# "/� � ا�o �ه+$�آ~ب ا���د��ن ���/ � و �/�Uا f��� ����ا و �.+وا �.+ا�� ��=� و '/ " ا�/

Appendix V 70:

The Whole Earth belongs to the Imam asws

�� ا�� #��ب �� ه�qم �� 5��8 �� أ�� ���� ا�[��/�- �� أ�� ".�� �� � !# �� أ�!� �� "�#$ �� � !# ��� �4 آ ���د_ و ا���;G� �/!� �3� أ�� و أه6 ���� ا� ~$� �&+ ع ;�ل و � ��ب �/�© ع إن اE�رض �/ � $�ر��1 � $�qء

�1 إ�" أور�=� ا�/ � اE�رض و �#� ا�!� �3ن و اE�رض آ/�1U �=� 4!� أ��� أر�� � ا�! ./!�� 4/��!+ه� و H��د- �+ا � ا�!./!�� � ���_ 4�!+ه� و أ���ه� 6 � أآ6 =b4 �1ن R+آ�1 أو أ�+�1� و أ�~ه� ر � �م � أه6 ���� و �b�ا

� ا� �1� Uc�أه6 ���� 14� أ � � أآ6 =1e$ " �� �1+ ا5�3� � �م � أه6 ���� و �b��1 إ�" ا ~ي R+آH$ �1د-ي �+ا1�= =�1 آ!� ��اه� ر�8ل ا�/ � ص و 51 +p$ 4�#�$�1 و $!=�1� و >� .��� � �b4 �=���Y آ�ن �4 أ$�ي � � إ� �

� �4 أ$�$51 و $�+ك اE�رض �4 أ51$�$ "/� 51�s�3$

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Mahbub from Hisham ibn Salim from abu Khalid al-Kabuli from

Abu Ja‘farasws who has said the following. "We found in the book of Amir al-Mu’mininasws this. "The earth belongs to Allahazwj and Heazwj Gives it in inheritance

70 Al-Kafi, vol. 1, Ahadith H 1062, Ch. 105, 409: ص 1: ا�[��4 ج

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 33 out of 38

to whomever of Hisazwj servants that Heazwj Wishes. The good end is for those who are pious before Allahazwj’, Iasws and my Ahl al-Baytasws are the people to whom Allahazwj has Given the earth in inheritance and weasws are the ones who are pious before Allahazwj. The whole earth belongs to usasws. Thus, whoever among the Muslims would revive a piece of land, he must establish it, pay taxes to the Imam from my Ahl al-Baytasws. Whatever he has used (after paying tax) would be his. If he would abandon or allow it to become barren and then another Muslim would revive and re-establish it he will have more right to it than the one who had abandoned. This person will now pay the taxes to the Imam from my Ahl al-Baytasws and whatever he would use thereafter is his until Al-Qa’imajfj from my Ahl al-Baytasws will rise with Divine Authority and with the sword. Heajfj will control and protect them and will remove from them just as the Messenger of Allahsaww had controlled and protected it, except, however, for what would be in the hands of ourajfj followers. He will form a contract with them and will leave the land to them (our followers)."

� /� �1�4 � �! � روا_ ;�ل ا��U��� و ���� ا�/ �� � !# #! � ;�ل أ��+�� أ�!� �� �� " /� �� � !# ا�#.�� �� ء =c ��/4 �1 ا�/ � و H��د- c� ا�/ � R��رك و R���" و ���+ إ��ا�� b4ن � 4!� �/\ �/" R�Y��رك و R���" و �+�8�� و �=

�= 5� $&6� ذ�> ��4/ � و ر�8�� و �#� �+Dء

Muhammad ibn ‘Abdallah from his narrator (one of the Imamsasws) reported to me the following.

"The world and all that is therein belong to Allahazwj, His Messengersaww and to usasws. If one would control a part of it he must maintain piety before Allahazwj. He must pay the share of Allahazwj, be generous to his brethren, otherwise, Allahazwj, the Messenger of Allahsaww and weasws will bear no responsibility toward him."

=$�!��� ��!. �!+ �� $B$� ;�ل رأ$: ���� ا�� #��ب � !# �� أ�!� �� "�#$ �� � !# G و ;� آ�ن �!6 إ�" ��� 4+د _ أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع 34/: �� 5� رد �/�> أ�� ��� ا�/ � ا�!�ل ا� ~ي �!/�� إ��� ;�ل �34ل G= .ا� </R ع �أ�� ��� ا�/

7�> �� إ�-� ;/: �� ��� �!/: إ � ا�!�ل إ�-� آ=: و�-�: ا��#+$� ا���ص E4'�: أر��!�G أ�< دره5 و ;� �� �/� ا�/ � R��رك و Z� �1.!p� �4 "���R!���� أ�< دره5 و آ+ه: أن أ��.�1 �=> و أن أ�+ض �1� و ه� U3�> ا� ~ي

�1= � =�1 إ� � اp�!] $� أ�� �8 �ر إن اE�رض آ/ �1 �=� 4!� أ�+ج ا�/ � � اE�رض و � أ�+ج ا�/ �=� � أ �ا�=� �34ل أ و �Y � �� 5T4 إ��> ��> و ء 34 �=� �14/: �= و أ�� أ�!6 إ��> ا�!�ل آ/ � �34ل $� أ�� �8 �ر ;� �s �=�_ �> و أ�//=�ك

��I�4 �=!�; ن �� " $�3م�/ /# � � اE�رض �4 514 �=���Y �4 أ$�ي � U6رض آE�آ�ن �4 أ$�$51 و $�+ك ا � c.s 51 � آ�ن �4 أ$�ي ��+هb4 5ن آ.51� � اE�رض �+ام �/51� �� " $�3م ;�!=� E�4�~ اE�رض � أ51$�$ � �4 أ$�$51 و أ

�' 51 +p$ آ6 وE$ ل�!�E�ا �/$ � ! +ة ;�ل �!+ �� $B$� �34ل �� أ�� �8 �ر � أرى أ��ا � أ'#�ب ا�T-��ع و �� �/��� ��+ي إ� � � �s ��ا �� ذ�>

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from ‘Umar ibn Yazid who has said the following:

"I saw Masma‘ in Madina. In that year he had tried to deliver a certain amount of property to abu ‘Abdallahasws that he returned to him. I asked him about the reason for the return. The narrator has said that he said to me, "When I took the property to him I said, ‘ I had become in charge of the pearls in Bahrayn and I have made four hundred thousand Dirham profit. I have brought eighty thousand Dinar as your share. I did not like to keep your share and disregard what Allahazwj, has decreed to be for you in our properties." Is there no more from earth and what Allah takes out of it besides one fifth for usasws.

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 34 out of 38

O abu Sayyar?" The whole earth belongs to usasws. Whatever Allahazwj causes to come out of it belongs to usasws. "I then said, "I will bring all the property to youasws." He said, "O abu Sayyar! weasws have made it a gift for you and made it lawful for you. Take your property with you. Whatever land is in the hands of our Shi‘a it is lawful for them until Al-Qa’imajfj will rise with Divine Authority. Heajfj will make an agreement with them about whatever land is in their hands and will give them permission to use. Whatever land is in the hands of others, their earning from it is not lawful until al-Qa’imajfj will rise with Divine Authority and power. Heajfj will take such lands away from them and will remove them humiliated.’ “Umar ibn Yazid has said, ‘Abu Sayyar said to me, “I do not find anyone doing business or people as in charge persons of certain tasks, who earn their living lawfully except myself and those for whom they ('A'immahasws) have made it lawful."

#! � �� أ�!� �� أ�� ��� ا�/ � ا�+ ازي- �� ا�#.� �� �/�- �� أ�� �! �� "�#$ �� � !# �� أ�� �Bة �� أ���/!: أن ا��U��� و ا���+ة �,�+ �� أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع ;�ل ;/: � �م زآ�ة �34ل أ�/: $� أ�� #! � أ b�ا "/� � � أ � �م $�q$ ��� �1�Tء و $�1�4� إ�b/� �4 � �م $� أ�� #! � �� $��: ��/G أ��ا و �/ b�إن ا �� ذ�> � ا�/ � B� � $�qء "

�=� ��E.$ �c� �3=�

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from abu ‘Abdallah al-Razi from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn abu Hamza from his father from abu Basir who has said the following:

"Once I asked abu ‘Abdallahasws: ‘Is there any Zakat on Imamasws?’" Heasws said, "O abu Muhammad, you have spoken an impossible word. Do you not know that both this and the next world belong to the Imamasws? Heasws can place them as heasws may want or give them to whoever heasws may want. It is permissible for himasws from Allahazwj. The Imamasws said, O abu Muhammad, the Imamasws never spends a night without paying for Allahazwj‘s right on himasws."

���/�- �� ا�=U�!�ن �� '��� �� �!Bة ����� ا�/ � �� أ�!� �� � !# �� #! � �� أ�!� �� "�#$ �� � !# �� $��] �� w���ن أو ا�!�/ \�, � ه~_ اE�رض 4��. 5 �5 أ��ن �� 5]� � ��� ا�/ � ع ��E� :/; ل�; [�=� �� "

8 �1= � �!�G�� أ�1�ر �4 اE�رض �1�b� ق+p$ أن _+ �+6� ع و أ ��� "���R ��رك وR ��#�ن ;�ل إن ا�/ �#�ن و /G و ا�&+ات 4!� 38: أو و ه� 1�+ �/� و ا�qp�ع و ه� 1�+ ا�q �ش و 1+ان و ه� 1�+ ا1�=� و 6�� ,+ و د

� Y�ا3�8: 14� �=� و � آ�ن �=� �q� �14��=� و ��] ���و-= � و إن و�� =� �&� أو8� �4!� ��� ذ_ �� �/� \,� � ء إ� � 1�/� =�ا �4 ا�#��ة ا��U��� ا�!�,���� D �$~ /� �6 ه; G$��ه~_ ا �/R 5� رضE�51� إ�" ذ_ $�=� ��� ا�. !�ء و ا G,��� �

\,� �/� G $�م ا��3�

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Abdallah ibn Ahmad from Ali ibn al-Ni‘man from Salih ibn Hamza from Aban ibn Mus‘ab from Yunus ibn Zabyan or al-

Mu‘alla ibn al-Khnith who has said the following:

"I asked abu ‘Abdallahasws, ‘What is for you from this earth?" He smiled and then said, "Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High, sent Jibril and commanded him to dig with his toe eight rivers on earth. Of these are the River Sayhan and Jayhan which is the River in Balkh (central Asia) the River al-Khshu‘ which is the River al-Shash, river Mihran in India, River Nile in Egypt, Tigris and Euphrates. All that these rivers provide water or all that take water from them belong to usasws and whatever is for us is for our Shi‘a. There is nothing for our enemies except what they have usurped. Our friends and supporters will be in a place bigger than this and this, the sky and the earth. The Imamasws then recited the words of Allahazwj. "They are made for the believers in this world (but others have usurped it

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 35 out of 38

from them) and are exclusively for them in the life hereafter (no one would usurp from them)." (7:32) .

�� � !# �� ".�� �� � !# ���� 618 �� ز$�د � !# �� U�/��/: 4�اك ا�+ $ �ن ;�ل آ��: إ�" ا��.[+ي- ع �/�1� �+�8ل ا�/ � ص � روي �=� أن ��] �+�8ل ا�/ � ص � ا��U��� إ� � ا�I4 [!p�ء اI��اب إن ا��U��� و

Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn al-Rayyan who has said the following. "I wrote to abu Muhammad, al-Hassan, al-‘Askariasws, May Allah take my soul in service for your cause, it is narrated to us that nothing else from this world belongs to the Messenger of Allahsaww except one fifth of net income." The answer that came said, "Certainly, the world and all that is in it belong to the Messenger of Allahsaww."

�!+و �� �� ��� أ�!� �� #! � ر4� "�#$ �� � !# �&+ ع ;�ل ;�ل ر�8ل ا�/ � ص �� أ�� +�� �� +!Y � !# � Dل G !E/� �14 �� ا��G��o; ���U 4!� آ�ن �دم ع 4/+�8ل ا�/ � ص و � آ�ن �+�8ل ا�/ �o;دم و أD ��/c ا�/

ص

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad who has narrated it in a marfu‘ manner from ‘Amr ibn Shimr from Jabir from abu Ja‘far (a.s.) who has said the following:

"The Messenger of Allahsaww has said, "Allahazwj Created Adam and granted the world to himas. Whatever belonged to Adamas belongs to the Messenger of Allahsaww and whatever belonged to the Messenger of Allahsaww belongs to the Imamsasws from Ahl al-Bayt of Muhammadsaww."

Appendix VI

7- � �� � !# �� أ�!� �� "�#$ �� � !# ���Z!�ن �� �q�+ ا�� ه �ن �� \��� �� ©�/��� ا�#.� �� ".��I$ ع ;�ل �ء ا�!/[�ن =[+ و �[�+ إ�" ا�!�-: ��� $4�� أ'�ا1R!� آ��+ �� ا�3�'< و أ�,�ره!� أ�� ��� ا�/

و � د$=> ;�ل b4ذا آ�ن � ر�U>�+ق اop$ >s�p� �ن اE�رض 1����E�!� و $�7oن Y �4��ره!� E.�4��ن ا�!�-: آ�� � �3Rل �4 ه~ا ا � =� ;�ل ا�/ � ر�-� و د$=� ا8b�/�م �3�4��ن �H � !# ��6 ا� ~ي �+ج ��� 1w+ا��[5 �3�4ل أ +�

� G �� �/5 �1�4 و ر�8ل ا�/ � ص E.R���� �3�4��ن �� 1qR� أ� � ر�8ل ا�/ � �3�4ل أ1Y� أ� � ر�8ل ا�/ �� 5� � �3�4��ن �� و أ;�5 $&�/�6 آ�4+ا د�/� � G�.R _+�; �4 أذرع و $&�� �� ��ب إ�" اG =I� و $+ى 3��_ �1�4 و إذا آ�ن ا�+ � �.

� ر�U> و � � �#�س �3�4��ن � _�=�� �6 ا� ~ي ;� �+ج � ��� ا��o� qن ��� $�$ � د$=> و � �3Rل �4 ه~ا ا�+ � G�.R _+�; �4 و R ���.R=-�=� �� أن R=-�=� وا��/��ا =1w �1+ا��[5 �3�4ل �� أدري p�4/-��ن ��=� و ��� ا��o� qن 4�./-¤

�1�4 _��3 �&� �4 اE�رض � أ���: IY+ا أ��ا و $&�� �� ��ب إ�" ا�= �ر و $+ى

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated……. who has said the following.

……The angels will ask who is your ‘Rab’ and what is your religion? The Imamasws then said, if the deceased is a believer he will say, ‘Allah is my Lord and Islam is my religion. They will then ask the deceased: ‘What do you say about the person who appears in front of you? The deceased will ask: 'Are you asking me about Mohammedsaww, the Messenger of Allahazwj? They will ask: Do you testify that hesaww is the Messenger of Alalhsaww? He will say: ‘Yes, I do testify that he is the Messenger of Allahsaww. The then will say: ‘Rest to sleep without dreams. .71

71 Al-Kafi, vol. 3, H. 4677, Ch. 86, h. 7,

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 36 out of 38

8- ���� ا�/ ����� ا�+ �!� �� ���� ا�/ �� #! � �� ا�#.� �� �U!Yن ���� ة � أ'#��=� �� 618 �� ز$�د �&+ ع أ'/#> ا�/ ��E� :/; ل�; -� +T#�أ�� �[+ ا �� #� �� ا58�3� � � ا�!.�7��ن �4 ;��ره5 ;�ل �

�� � $E�� 51� ;�ل ;/: و �E.$ 5��ن ;�ل 51=� � #� ا�[&+ ;�ل ;/: G �3�4 ه~ا اc/p� ;�ل $/1" و ا�/ � اb�$!�ن و ��=> و $&�� �� ا�#G I ا�3�! � � �3�4ل 5� أ��م ا�/ � � �3Rل �4 4/�ن �� 4/�ن �3�4ل ذاك إ � H!/� 1+آ5 �3�4لwأ ��� G

� رو�1� إ�" $�م ا3��� G و � $�3ل �/[�4+ � �3Rل �4 4/�ن �� 4/�ن ;�ل �3�4ل ;� 8!�: ��ب � اB$ �!4 G =I�ال $�#&G � �+-ه� إ�" $�م ا3��� �� و � أدري � ه� �3�4ل �� �� در$: ;�ل و $&�� �� ��ب � ا�= �ر B$ �/4ال $�#&�

A number of our people have narrated it form Sahl ibn Ziyad..... who has said the following.

I asked Abu Jafarasws ………What will they be asked about? Imam replied:

They will be asked about the Divine authority established among you. The believers will be asked: What do you say about so and so son of so and so? The believer will say: He is my Imam. They then will say: ‘Rest to sleep; may Allahazwj grant rest to your eyes.’ They will open to him a door to paradise whereby he keeps receiving gifs up to the Day of Judgment……………...72.

238: ص 3: ا�[��4 ج

�!+و �� اYE��� أ� � 8!� أ�� 9- �� 6�! �� �$�� �� -�/� �� ".�� �� � !# �� أ�!� �� "�#$ �� � !# ��� ا�/ � ع $�3ل 5� �b4 _+�; �4 6ذا أ��: 4.� �� G��8 _+�; �4 أذرع و 4�� �� ��ب إ�" اG =I� و ;�6 � $.Eل ا�+

G ا��+وس ;+$+ ا������

-10 ��� ���� أ�� �,�+ ;�ل �� ة � أ'#��=� �� 618 �� ز$�د ��!� �� 5'�� ��ا�+ �!� �� أ�� I�+ان �� $.�ر_ و أ;�5 ا��o� qن ��� </ � و =�!$ �� </ /[�ن _�R6 �4 ;�+_ أ 8!�: أ�� ��� ا�/ � ع $�3ل إذا و�� ا�+ �G �3�4ل إذا آ�ن B4 �6 ا� ~ي آ�ن ��� 1w+ا��[5 ;�ل B&�4ع � � �#�س �3�4ل �� آ�< �3Rل �4 ا�+ _�=�� ��=��

�� 5� � #! � ر�8ل ا�/ � ص E.R���� �3�4��ن � �� =� أ H G �� �/5 �1�4 و $&.� �� G�.R _+�; �4 أذرع و $+ى =�ا 3����ل ا�Z ��: �4 ا�#��ة ا��U��� و �4 ا���+ة و إذا آD �$~ ا� ��Z$ 6-: ا�/ �B و � � اG =I� و ه� ;�ل ا�/ _��3 �ن

6 ا� ~ي �+ج ��� 1w+ا��[5 �3�4ل �� أدري p�4/-��ن ��=� و ��� ا��o� qن � ه~ا ا�+ � آ�4+ا ;��� �

�� ا�#.�� �� 8��� �� إ�+اه�115- � !# �� أ�!� �� "�#$ �� � !# �� أ�� � �� أ�� ا��/�د �� ��� أ'#�� <U��� � � � د$=> �3�4ل ا8b�/�م �3�4ل � � � ر�U> ;�ل �3�4ل ا�/ � �3�4ل � _+�; �4 � H!/� 8" ع ;�ل $�3ل� ا�#.�

4 � !# � �3�4ل �� 5� �3�4ل �/�� و �� �=� � � > �3�4ل 4/�ن �3�4ل آ�< �/!: �~�> �3�4ل أ + ه�ا�� ا�/ � �3�ل � إ���4 G =I���ب إ�" ا � G ا��+وس �5 $&�� ��� 5 �1�4/� �� G � رو�1� و ر$#��1� �3�4ل $� رب- �I-6 ;��م �� ��/� 6

� إ�" أه/� و ��� و $�3ل �/[�4+ � ر�U> �3�4ل ا�/ � �3�4ل � U���> �3�4ل #! � �3�4ل � د$=> ا�. ��G ��/-� أر�/�1� ا�Z 3/�ن 4 �!� � �!+زG� �� ا���+T�4 ��3�ل ا8b�/�م �3�4ل � أ$� �/!: ذ�> �3�4ل 8!�: ا�= �س $�3��ن 34/�

� ��ر اb��] و ا�3�o$ 5� U�I�ه� ;�ل 4�~وب آ!� $~وب ا�+ '�ص ����� ��� � �5 $���ان �4� ا�+Uوح 4���� ;/�G� �3�4ل $� رب- أ�-+ ;��م ا�. �

-12� !# �� ا�#.�� �� 8��� �� ا58�3� �� ".�� �� � !# �� أ�!� �� "�#$ �� � !# �/�- �� أ�� �!Bة �� � �� " إذا �/�� ا�!/�[G إ�" ;�+_ $Bد�!�ن �� �Y ���� � � إذا أ�+ج H!�ع ;�ل إن ا ��� أ�� �,�+ �� أ�� ��� ا�/

� أ'=� �> ا1��" �� إ�" ;�+_ ;��: �� ا �$+�� </Z �/� �q!$ أن U\�3�� آ=: أ �E�رض +��� �> و أه/� أ � و ا�/ +]= /[� ا3��+ و ه!� ;���ا ا3��+ _+�; �4 ��/� � �,+_ و 6��$ �� � 8��4 �و �[�+ 4�/3��ن �4� ا�+Uوح إ�" $�3�

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72 Al-Kafi, vol. 3, H. 4677, Ch. 86, h. 8,

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 37 out of 38

/[� ا3��+ و ه!� ��/��ا�#� ;�ل �6��$ 5 �3�/R " �� 4�اك $��/�ن :/� ;���ا ا3��+ =[+ و �[�+ ;�ل أ�� �,�+ <Uر� � � � و ا�[�4+ �4 '�رة وا��ة �34ل �� ;�ل 3�4��ا�� و $/3��ن �4� ا�+Uوح إ�" $�3�� �3�4��ن �H!�ا "/�

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<�/�; � > و � إ

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The ‘Isms’ of Allahazwj ‘Rab’ and its Meanings 38 out of 38

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[Shakir 89:22] And your Lord comes and (also) the angels in ranks.