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PM MODI’S VISION

February 2019

The Nationalist

ISSN 2454-9401

Issue: February 2019

Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation

Analysis of the State of Jobs

in India

Fight against Corruption & Black Money

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foi{k ds fy, mcyk vkyw cu xys esa vVd x;k varfje ctV!

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PM MODI’S VISION

February 2019

“Here in Bharat, We have placed before ourselves the ideal of the four fold responsibilities of catering to the needs of Body, Mind, Intellect and Soul with a view to achieve the integrated progress of Man.”

-Pt. Deendayal Upadhyaya

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PM MODI’S VISION

February 2019

Editorial Advisors:Shakti Sinha, IAS (Rtd)Former Power & FinanceSecretary Govt. of Delhi

Dr. Anirban GangulyDirector, SPMRF

Dr. Vijay ChauthaiwaleIn Charge BJP Foreign Affairs Department& Convener, Overseas Friends of BJP

Dr. Shiv Shakti BakshiExecutive Editor, Kamal Sandesh

Dr. Dhananjay Singh(Assistant Professor)Jawaharlal Nehru University

Professor Santishree D. PanditProfessorSavitribal Phule Pune University &Vice President - Indian Politics Science Association

Dr. Amit SinghAssistant Professor ARSD College,Delhi University

Amit MalviyaNational In Charge, IT & SocialMedia Vibhag, BJP

Research Team• Shivanand Dwivedi • Ajit Jha• Shailendra Kumar Shukla• Shubhendu Anand• Ayush anand• Vaibhav Chadha• Amit Kumar• Adarsh Tiwari

LayoutAjit Kumar Singh

CO

NTE

NT

EDITORIAL

Balakote Airstrikes – Defense Against Terrorism - Dr. Anirban Ganguly

PM MODI’S VISION

Salient Points of PM’s address at the flagging off Vande Bharat Express on 15 feb, 2019

Salient Points of PM’s address at the inauguration of several development projects in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh on 9 feb, 2019

Salient Points of PM’s address on Interim Budget On 1st Feb, 2019

OPINION

Fight against Corruption & Black Money - Kishore Desai Analysis of the State of Jobs in India - Diwakar Jhurani विपक्ष के लिए ‘उबिा आिू’ बन गिे में अटक गया ह ैअतंरिम बजट! - हर्ष वर्षन त्रिपाठी

POLICY ANALYSIS

ककसान सम्ान वनधि : ककसानो ंकी आय दोगुनी किने की कदशा में एक कािगि कदम - डॉ दिलीप अत्निहोरिी

िेििे के आिवुनकीकिण में कामयाब हो िही मोदी सिकाि - रमेश कुमार िबेु

POLITICAL COMMENTARIES

ये ‘पाचं’ कािण किाएंगे भाजपा की सत्ा में िापसी - शशवानन्द द्विवेिी

EVENT @ SPMRF

Unveiling of a Special Commemorative Plaque in the memory of “Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee” at Sacred Kaba Aye Pagoda, Yangon, Myanmar on 09 February 2018

Special Address on “Citizenship Amendment Bill & PM Modi’s tribute to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose” by Shri Bhupender Yadav, Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha & National General Secretary, BJP on 22 January 2019

4February 2019

he Balakote air strikes have indicated that India under Prime

Minister Modi has redefined the concept of strategic restraint. The strikes were essentially our defense against terrorism and demonstrated India’s determination to nip it at the place from where it originates. It unequivocally demonstrated that we are not defensive anymore and are not bound by the sanctity of the LoC, which is breached by terrorists who come across it and attack our forces and men in uniform. It is only a decisive leader who can take such a decision, a leader who thinks out of the box and for whom India’s security and sovereignty is paramount. As Prime Minister Modi himself says, “nothing and no one is above the nation.”

21 political parties which passed a “regrettable” resolution against the government last week have only played into the hands of Pakistan. Instead of standing by and upholding

Editorial

Dr. Anirban Ganguly

the valour of our forces, the leaders of these confused parties have started raising doubts on the veracity of the strikes and thereby heaping insult on the dedication and steadfastness of our men in uniform. Such a behaviour in the midst of a situation which requires that we close our ranks against the enemy is regrettable and the people of India are not taking it kindly. One among them, namely the Chief Minister of West Bengal, went so far as to give a clean chit to Pakistan berating the information put out by India on the complicity of Pakistan in the Pulwama strike. Even after the Jaish-e-Mohammed had accepted responsibility, Ms Mamata Banerjee had difficulty in accepting that the attack was the handiwork of terrorists who had been trained and armed from across the border.

The numbers debate that these opposition parties are indulging in is irrelevant. Never has any force in the world disclosed operational details, for example, do we have any authentic detail of the Osama Bin Laden operation in Abottabad? But we can certainly say that Pakistan’s air forces adventurism into India on 27 February was essentially a botched up operation. But what is surprising is despite the terrorists accepting that the damage inflicted by the Indian Airforce in Balakote was heavy a sections of our political leaders are reluctant to admit that India had indeed triumphed in Balakote and that a resounding blow had been dealt to the terror camps in the area. In their blind hatred for PM Modi, in their desperation to see him unseated and defeated that continue to trample on the sentiments of patriotism and of martyrdom, they have no concern for the martyrs’ families, they have no concern for the courage of our forces, they have no sensitivity towards India’s security concern, they are not bothered that India comes across as a strong and responsible power.

But fortunately the people of India realise that India is safe under PM Modi, they wish to strengthen his hands so that his mission of strengthening India continues unabated. They wish to see a strong, steady, stable, self-reliant and safe India which marches ahead in strides. PM Modi’s leadership reinforces that hope. The people stand in solidarity with his leadership.

Balakote airstrikes – defense against terrorism

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PM MODI’S VISION

February 2019

» �मैं� पलुवामा� के�आतंकी� हमले� में� शहीद� जवानों� को�श्रदांजलल�अलपपित�करता�हू।ं

» �उनहोंने�दशे�की�सेवा�करते�हुए�अपने�प्ाण�न्ोछावर�लकए�हैं।�दःुख�की�इस�घडी�में�मरेी�संवेदनाए,ं�उनके�पररवारों�के�साथ�हैं।

» �इस�हमले�की�वजह�से�दशे�में�लजतना�आक्ोश�ह,ै�लोगों�का�खनू�खौल�रहा�ह,ै�्े�मैं�समझ�रहा�हू।ं

» �इस�सम्�जो�दशे�की�अपेक्ाए�ंहैं,�कुछ�कर�गजुरने�की�भावनाए�ंहैं,�वो�सवाभालवक�ह।ै

» �हमारे�सरुक्ा�बलों�को�पणूपि�सवतंत्रता�दी�हुई�ह।ै

» �हमें�अपने�सैलनकों�के�शौ प्ि�पर�परूा�भरोसा�ह।ै

» ��मझु�ेपरूा�भरोसा�ह�ैलक�दशेभलति�के�रंग�में�रंगे�लोग�सही�

जानकारर्ां�भी�हमारी�एजेंलस्ों�तक�पहुचंाएगंे,�तालक�आतंक�को�कुचलने�में�हमारी�लडाई�और�तेज�हो�सके।

» �मैं�आतंकी�संगठनों�को�और�उनके�सरपरसतों�को�कहना�चाहता�हू�ंलक�वो�बहुत�बडी�गलती�कर�गए�हैं।

» �मैं�दशे�को�भरोसा�दतेा�हू�ंलक�हमले�के�पीछे�जो�ताकते�हैं,�इस�हमले�के�जो�भी�गनुहगार�हैं,�उनहें�उनके�लकए�की�सजा�अवश्�लमलेगी।

» �जो�हमारी�आलोचना�कर�रह�ेहैं,�उनकी�भावनाओ�ंको�भी�मैं�समझ�रहा�हू।ं�उनका�परूा�अलिकार�ह।ै

» �लेलकन�मरेा�सभी�सालथ्ों�से�अनरुोि�ह�ैलक,�्े�बहुत�ही�संवेदनशील�और�भावकु�सम्�ह,ै�इसललए�राजनीलतक�छींटाकशी�से�दरू�रहें।�इस�हमले�का�दशे�एकजटु�होकर�मकुाबला�कर�रहा�ह,ै�्े�सवर�लवश्व�में�जाना�चालहए।

Salient Points of PM’s address at the flagging off Vande Bharat Express

on 15 feb, 2019

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PM MODI’S VISION

February 2019

» �आज�अरुणाचल�प्दशे�में� 4� हजार�करोड�से� ज्ादा� रुप्े�की�परर्ोजनाओ�ंका�लशलान्ास�और�लोकापपिण�करने�का�अवसर�लमला।

» �कनेल्टलवटी�तो�सिुरेगी�ही�राज्�के�पावर�से्टर�को�भी�मजबतूी�लमलेगी।

» �सवास्थ्� सेवाओ�ं की� सेहत� बेहतर� होगी�और�अरुणाचल�की�संसककृ लत�को�भी�बढावा�लमलेगा।

» �मैं�बार-बार�कहता�आ्ा�हू�ंलक�न्�ूइलंि्ा�तभी�अपनी�परूी�शलति�से�लवकलसत�हो�पाएगा।

» �जब�पवूवी�भारत,�नॉथपि�ईसट�का�तेज�गलत�से�लवकास�होगा।

» ��् े�लवकास�संसािनों�का�भी�ह�ैऔर�संसककृ लत�का�भी।

» �् े� लवकास�अलग-अलग�क्ेत्रों�को�जोडने�का�भी�ह�ैऔर�लदलों�को�जोडने�का�भी।

» �सबका�साथ,�सबका�लवकास�के�इस�मतं्र�पर�चलते�हुए।

» �बीते�साढे� 4�वर्षों�में�अरुणाचल�और�उत्तर�पवूपि� के� लवकास� के�ललएना�तो�फंि�की�कमी�आने�दी�गई�और�ना�ही�इचछाशलति�की।

» �लवकास� की� इसी� कडी� में� आज� अरुणाचल� में� एक� साथ� दो�ए्रपोटपि�का�उद्ाटन�और�लशलान्ास�हो�रहा�ह।ै

» �अरुणाचल�प्दशे�के�ललए�तो�् े�और�भी�अहम�अवसर�ह,ै�् ्ोंलक�आजादी�के�इतने�वर्षों�तक�्हां�एक�भी�ऐसा�ए्रपोटपि�नहीं�था�जहां�लन्लमत�रूप�से�बडे�्ात्री�जहाज�उतर�पाए।ं

Salient Points of PM’s address at the inauguration of several development

projects in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh on 9 feb, 2019

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PM MODI’S VISION

February 2019

» I congratulate the middle class and the salaried middle class for the income tax rebate in this budget.Thanks to the honest taxpayers of the middle and upper middle class who follow the law of the land and pay taxes.

» This tax money is utilized for public welfare schemes and improving the lot of the poor.It has been a long pending demand for years that no income tax should be levied on the income up to Rs.5 lakhs. Our Government has met this demand pending for so many years.

» �Friends,� India� is� developing� in� different� spheres.�New�schemes�are�coming�up,�new�areas�are�being�explored and the number of people engaged in these fields has grown manifold.

» �However,�the�unorganised�sector-�be�it�the�labourers,�household� workers,� agricultural� labourers� or�manual� thelawalas,� a� large� cross� section� of� the�society has been neglected.

» They have been left to fend of on their own.There are� around� 40-42� crore� unorganised� labourers� in�our country.

» Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Man DhanYojna will be a major support for them after the age of 60�years.�They�will�not�only�will�get� the�benefits�of� Ayushman� Bharat� Yojna,� Pradhan� Mantri�Jeevan�Jyoti�BimaYojna,�Pradhan�Mantri�Suraksha�BimaYojna,�Pradhan�Mantri�AwasYojna�and�other�welfare�schemes,�but�also�receive�pension�to�meet�their daily expenses.

» �Brothers� and� Sisters,� our� Government� has� been�making efforts to reach out to people at the last mile of development. We have decided to set up a Welfare Board for nomadic communities like Madaris,�Snake�charmers,�Banzaras,�Gadiyalohars�etc.

» �I� am� hopeful� that� after� proper� recognition,� the�benefits of development will reach out to these communities at a faster pace.

Salient Points of PM’s address on interim Budget on 1st Feb, 2019

OpiniOn

8February 2019

G, 3G, CWG (Commonwealth Games), Coalgate etc. are terms that most of us are familiar with. These terms

symbolized the mega scale of corruption that became commonplace during the entire tenure of the UPA II government. The sheer size and scale of corruption was also unprecedented with media reports alleging the above scandals to have costed

Fight against Corruption & Black Money

Kishore Desai

2

the nation more than a few lakh crores. Such levels of corruption not only robbed the poor and the needy of the scarce public resources that could otherwise have been utilized for developmental projects but it also severely impacted the speed and the quality of governance in the country bringing. It brought down the trust and faith all of us had in our own government. No wonder, when the nation went to polls in 2014, eliminating corruption became one of the most important issues for electing the next government. People expected the incoming government to take stern and decisive action against corruption and steer the country away from this malaise. It is in this context that the NDA government led by Prime Minister Modi assumed office in May 2014.

Immediately after assuming office, the Prime Minister and his government signaled zero tolerance towards corruption and showed a clear

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9February 2019

determination to do whatever it takes to eliminate it from the country. The first decision of the newly formed government was against corruption and black money. In its first meeting, the Cabinet led by the Prime Minister Modi set up a Special Investigation Team (SIT) headed by a retired judge of the Supreme Court to bring back black money into the system. Gradually, the government rolled out a comprehensive multi-dimensional strategy to dismantle the roots of corruption and unearth black and unaccounted money. This comprehensive strategy comprised of the following broader themes as discussed below.

Putting in place robust legislative and administrative mechanisms

The government enacted a number of new laws to eliminate corruption and bring back black money both in India and abroad. These laws plugged the gap in the legal system and provided the necessary backing to the administration to act firmly and decisively against the entire gamut of evils associated with corruption and black money. In 2015, a new law was enacted to address black money stashed abroad. Titled, ‘The Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015’, it prescribed stringent punishments to offenders and made it extremely difficult for those operators who routinely evaded taxes and laundered money for themselves and their powerful clients. A one-time compliance window was also given to truthfully declare undisclosed foreign assets before the culprits were to be subjected to this law. Later in 2016, the Benami Properties Act was passed to enable confiscation of benami property and prosecution of benamidar and the beneficial owner. A Fugitive Economic Offenders Ordinance, 2018 (“the Ordinance”) was also passed to empower the government against high profile individuals like Vijay Mallya, Nirav Modi, Mehul Choksi etc. who could easily abuse the legal gaps to their own advantage. This law empowered the

administration to attach and confiscate proceeds of crime associated with economic offenders and the properties of the economic offenders thereby deterring these individuals from evading the process of Indian law by remaining outside the jurisdiction of Indian courts.

Implementing Innovative Policy Measures

The second theme relates to implementing innovative policy measures. Starting with the real estate sector that was rife with corruption and black money, the government brought in RERA (Real Estate Regulation and Development Act). This new buyer-friendly law has shielded common individuals from the corrupt means of real estate developers. Builders can no longer give a false impression of a property’s size by citing ‘built-up’ or ‘super built up’ areas, making it mandatory for them to transparently quote the ‘carpet area’ in all agreements. Further, builders are required to deposit 70% of the project cost in separate bank accounts, that has not only helped curb financial risks that consumers face but also forced builders to reduce the use of cash that contributed to generation of black money in the first place.

The government has not only focused on eliminating high level corruption but has brought in measures that help common people on a regular basis. Now government welfare schemes are no longer plagued with leakages and middle men. Money is transferred directly in the account of beneficiaries through the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) scheme. Beyond DBT, recruitment for junior government jobs have been re-designed to only focus on merit through transparent, online processes leading to less Government and more Governance. Interviews for junior level posts Group ‘B’ (non-gazetted), Group ‘C’, Group ‘D’ and such equivalent posts have been abolished. Not just interviews, but the government has proactively taken a strong step to restore the dignity of common people by

OpiniOn

10February 2019

eliminating their dependence on government officials. Citizens are no longer required to get their documents such as birth certificates, marksheets attested by gazetted officers. Now they can self-attest these documents and any scope of corruption in this activity has been eliminated.

Another crucial policy measure to tackle corruption came in the natural resources sector. After the Supreme Court cancelled the coal block allocations under UPA, the government acted with unparalleled swiftness to institute an innovative transparent & timely auctioneering process based on reverse auction. This policy led to auctioning 67 coal blocks estimated to bring in a revenue of INR 3.35 lakh crores to the exchequer over the life of the mine. In fact, this new transparent process was recognized by the Delhi High Court for its fair, transparent and unbiased approach. In the spectrum auctions the government’s approach ensured massive gains, in stark contrast to the zero-loss theory of the past. The complex issue of defense band identification pending since more than seven years was resolved quickly & good quantity of 2100 MHz released by the Defence Ministry was put into the auction. Spectrum in 4 various bands – 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz were put into simultaneous and multiple rounds of auction for the first time, so that the operators could take informed decisions. As against the approved reserve price of around INR 80,000 crores, the auction fetched a record INR 1 lakh crores.

This Government has also been proactively engaging with foreign governments, for exchange of information under Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs)/Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs)/Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters etc.. The Government has also taken pro-active and effective steps whenever any credible information has been received with regard to black money stashed abroad, whether in more known instances

such as HSBC cases, ICIJ cases, Paradise Papers or Panama Papers. These steps include constitution of Multi Agency Group in relevant cases, calling for definitive information from foreign jurisdictions, bringing the black money to tax under relevant law launching prosecutions against the offenders etc. All these steps have now opened up ways through which information on black money stashed abroad has started coming to Indian authorities and many cases are under investigation.

An Information technology based ‘Project Insight’ has recently been launched for strengthening the non-intrusive, information driven approach for improving tax compliance. Further, ‘Operation Clean Money’ is in place for collection, collation and analysis of information on cash transactions. This operation extensively uses information technology and data analytics tools for identification of high-risk cases, expeditious e-verification of suspect cases and enforcement actions in appropriate cases. Finally, the most landmark move the Government announced to tackle black money was- Demonetization. While the move caused some initial pain to common masses, it has effectively ensured that the entire cash that has now come back in the financial system has address of its holder as opposed to the earlier situation when cash was untraceable. Now, the government authorities can crack down on those who had money that were unaccounted for.

Walking the Talk: Impact of anti-corruption initiatives

The quality and quantitative impact of various anti-corruption initiatives taken by the government has been briefly discussed below. The first and possibly the most important change that has come about is that trust and confidence of people in their own government has now been restored. Prime Minister Modi has shown that development can happen in India without corruption and in a

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11February 2019

completely transparent and ethical manner. This has qualitatively impacted the hearts and minds of people. The fear that it is not okay to engage in old corrupt means has gripped not only those who benefitted from the system in India but also those who actively used international banks for such activities. The data collected by Swiss National Bank in collaboration with Bank for International Settlements (BIS) shows that the loans and deposits of Indians, other than Banks, in the Swiss banks decreased by 34.5% in just one year post demonetization. Further, there has been significant reduction in Swiss non-bank loans and deposits of Indians by 80.2% between 2013 and 2017.

The windows that were opened up for individuals to declare their assets or face corrective action have had huge success. Under the Income Declaration Scheme (IDS) in 2016 and then the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY) the next year, after demonetization, a total of INR 72,200 crores was disclosed by 92,000 persons earlier not accounted for. Moreover, post demonetization, there has been considerable jump in digital payments which is making the economy cleaner and more formal/accounted for compared to the past. The speech of the Finance Minister in the Budget 2019 further quantifies other tangible and intangible impact of the actions that have been taken by the government in the last 4.5 years. He said - “We have ushered in a new era of transparency. We have given a corruption free government. The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA) and Benami Transaction (Prohibition) Act, 1988 are helping to bring transparency in the real estate sector. The Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 will help confiscate and dispose off the assets of economic offenders who escape the jurisdiction of the laws in India. Additionally, we conducted transparent auction of natural resources including coal and spectrum. We have walked the talk…..The anti-black money measures taken by us during the

last four and half years in the form of Black Money Law, the Fugitive Criminal Offenders Act, and Demonetisation, have brought undisclosed income of about Rs. 1,30,000 crore to tax, led to seizure and attachment of assets worth approximately ` 50,000 crore, and compelled holders of large cash currency to disclose their source of earnings. During this period, Benami assets worth ` 6,900 crore and foreign assets worth `1,600 crore have been attached. As many as 3,38,000 shell companies have been detected and de-registered, and their directors disqualified. Growth of 18% in direct tax collection in 2017-18 and increase in tax base by as many as 1.06 crore people filing income tax returns for the first time in FY 2017-18 is mainly on account of demonetization.”

Under the DBT, more than INR 6 lakh crores have been transferred to the poor and common citizens. 437 government schemes across 55 ministries are now under DBT and leakages worth more than INR 1 lakh crore have been eliminated. 4.09 crore duplicate, fake/ non-existent, inactive LPG connections eliminated. 2.82 crore duplicate and fake/ non-existent Ration Cards have been deleted and nearly 10% savings have been achieved in the MNREGS scheme on account of deletion of duplicate, fake/ non-existent, ineligible beneficiaries.

All these measures have indeed increased India’s speed to tackle corruption at all levels. But this doesn’t mean that the problem has been solved. The legacy of decades can’t be completely changed in 4.5 years. More still needs to be done. To lead towards a future free of corruption of any form, what is needed is to continue and further build upon the foundation that has been laid by the PM.

(The Writer is Officer on Special Duty (OSD) with the Economic Advisory Council to the

Prime Minister (EAC-PM). All views expressed are personal.)

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12February 2019

demographic trend that’s probably the most repeated one in India’s context is that it’s a young country with more than

50% population under the age of 25. The policy subject that becomes apparent while talking about this trend is ‘jobs’. There is no doubt that Indian needs to be a job creating machine if it has to cater to its demographics. Both, quality and quantity of

Analysis of the State of Jobsin india

Diwakar Jhurani

a

jobs are crucial in this regard.

Given that jobs matter so much for India, the topic has become popular enough to silence the facts of the problem itself. Experts have differed even on the number of jobs India needs to create in a year to keep pace with it’s demographics. The range has been from 66 lakh jobs a year to even possibly more than 1.1 crore jobs a year. Now there is no perfect way to find the right number but assuming the credibility of a recent World Bank report, India needs to create nearly 85 lakh jobs a year to maintain its employment rate. Another noise associated with this important issue is created by those who quote the oversubscription for certain government vacancies. Now it is true that Indians love government jobs, but to infer that just because a lot of people apply for government jobs implies that they are without jobs is outright flawed. An average Indian is aspirational and wants more

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13February 2019

security, more money with a job. There is nothing wrong with that. But to assume that everyone who wants to give a shot to be in a government job is unemployed is outright misrepresentation of the true picture. Why is the prime purpose of a job? A means to earn one’s livelihood and slowly attain a state of sustained prosperity. If that is the case, then the ideal way to assess the state of jobs in India is to analyze how many decent paying jobs are being created each year.

Job creation in various sectors

Now that the problem is well defined, let’s look at India’s performance in he recent years. Again, there is no clear way of finding the jobs created in a country as big as India but there are some indicators. Enrolling in Employee Provident Fund (EPF) is mandatory for enterprises with more than 20 workers. Between the period of September 2017 and November 2018, nearly 73 lakh Net Subscribers were added in the formal system. In the National Pension Scheme (NPS), nearly 9.2 lakh new subscribers were added in the period between September 2017 and November 2018. In this way, more than 82 lakh new people became a part of the formal workforce, indicating not only an improvement in quantity of jobs, but quality as well.

Apart from this, there are many professional bodies in the country, in which young professionals register themselves and do their work. For example, Doctors, Engineers, Architects, Lawyers, Chartered Accountants, Cost Accounts Company, Company Secretaries, conduct independent surveys to account for new additions in their professions. Independent studies say that about 17,000 new chartered accountants graduated in 2016-17. More than 5,000 of these people have started new companies. If a chartered account organization employs twenty people, then more than one lakh people have got employment in these institutions.

Further, more than 80,000 postgraduate doctors, dental surgeons and Ayush doctors come out of college every year by getting educated in our country. If 60% of them practice themselves, five doctors will get employment opportunities per doctor and this number is 2 lakh 40 thousand. Similarly, nearly 80,000 Undergraduates and Post Graduate Lawyers 2017. If 60% of them had started their practice and would have given employment to two of their three people, then around 2 lakh jobs were found through those lawyers. In these three professions, more than 6 lakh people have got employment opportunities in 2017.

Now, if we consider the informal sector, then a lot of people get jobs in the transport sector. In 2016-17, nearly 8.5 lakh commercial vehicles were sold in the transport sector. If 25% of these are considered to replace the old ones, then 6.4 lakh vehicles have landed on the road for the purpose of transport and the new landing. If an average of two people get employment for one such vehicle, then the number of jobs created are nearly 13 lakh. In the same way if we look at sales of passenger vehicles, the number was 32.8 lakh. Of these, if 20% are considered to replace old ones, then about 26 lakh vehicles have landed on the roads. If only 25% of these cars employ a driver, then more than 6.5 lakh people have gotten employment. In the same way, 3-wheeler sales were 6.3 lakh in 2017-18. If 10% of these sales are considered to replace old autos, then approximately 5.6 lakh new 3-wheeler drivers have landed on the road last year.

Job Creation by the Government

Further, the government has significantly increased its expenditure levels to create an environment where more quality jobs are created. Moreover, specific government schemes have focused on job creation both in rural and urban areas.

1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment

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Guarantee Act Scheme (MGNREGA)- In 2017-18, 231 crore days were created through this scheme. While the scheme mandates a minimum of 100 days employment, let’s assume jobs lasting 300 days in a year to evaluate the impact of the scheme on employment. The number comes to 77 lakh jobs. Now it is perfectly possible that more jobs were created through this scheme and many more than 77 lakh on individuals received employment through this scheme, however, in terms of full-time employment, this is a conservative and comparable estimate.

2. Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)- This program is “a major credit-linked subsidy programme, aimed at generating self-employment opportunities through establishment of micro-enterprises in the non-farm sector by helping traditional artisans and unemployed youth”. Individuals in rural areas get a subsidy of 25% of the project cost and 15% in urban areas. As per an independent study, each unit set up under this program generates employment for nearly 7.62 individuals. As per Parliament records, the scheme generated 11 lakh jobs in the last three years. Taking an average, this comes to nearly 3.7 lakh jobs in 2017-18.

3. Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY): “PMRPY has been in operation since August, 2016. In this scheme, Government is paying the 8.33% contribution of Employers to the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS) in respect of new employees (who have joined on or after 1st April 2016) having a new Universal Account Number (UAN), with salary up to Rs. 15,000/- per month. The scheme has a dual benefit i.e. on the one hand the employers are incentivized for increasing the employment base of workers in the establishments, and on the other hand a large number of workers

will find jobs in such establishments. A direct benefit is that these workers will have access to social security benefits of the organized sector.” As per government data, 13.5 million individuals benefited from this scheme in 2017-18.

4. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)- This program provides placement linked skill trainings. As per government data, 1.28 lakh rural youth received trainings, out of which 69,320 got jobs until February 2018. On a pro-rata basis, this comes to 1.4 lakh trainings and nearly 75,000 jobs.

5. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojna (PMKVY)- This is the government’s flagship skill development mission. As of February 2018, 3.18 lakh youth were employed in the 17 months of its rollout. On a pro-rata basis, this translates to 2.25 lakh jobs in 2017-18.

In addition to direct employment creation schemes, government expenditure in the field of infrastructure- roads, rail, ports, housing have created multiple jobs. Let’s analyze these,

1. Pradhan Mantri Aawas Yojna (Housing for all)

A. Urban: As per a study by NCAER, for every Rs 1 lakh invested in the housing sector, 2.69 new jobs (2.65 informal and 0.4 formal) are created in the economy. With induced effect, the number of jobs would be 4.06 (3.95 informal and 0.11 formal). While extra budget allocations will be much more, nearly Rs. 6,000 crores from the budget were spent in 2017-18. This would lead to a number of 16.1 lakh direct and 24 lakh induced jobs. Moreover, in 2018-19, the government has allocated Rs. 6,500 crores through budgetary resources and Rs. 25,000 crores for extra-budgetary resources that would create many more jobs in the current financial year.

B. Rural: A recent NIPFP report suggests

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that the Rural Housing Scheme generated over 52 crore person days of employment in last 2 years. Of this, 20.85 crore person days are for skilled labour and 31.62 crore for unskilled labour. As per the report, employment generated was linked to the construction of 25.3 lakh houses and another 21.3 lakh are under construction. The total expenditure during this period was Rs. 35,135 crores. The completed houses account for 40 crore person days and the under-construction account for 12.42 crore person days. If we assume that 60% of the work was done in 2017-18 and 40% in 2016-17 (based on budgetary allocations), then the number of direct jobs created can be estimated at 10.4 lakh in 2017-18.

2. Road Construction

A. National Highways: To evaluate employment generated through highway construction in 2017-18, a ball park figure given by the ministry offers a clue. The estimate by NHAI suggests that construction of 50,000 km of highways requires 50 crore person days. Thus, every 1 km of highway constructed results in 10,000 person days or around 33 jobs. In the year 2017-18, nearly 10,000 km of highways were constructed, which implies that 3.3 lakh direct jobs were created through highways construction alone.

B. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna (Rural road construction): As per a World Bank analysis of rural roads construction in Bihar, 2500 km of roads were projected to create 20 million person days. Thus, 1 km rural road construction creates nearly 27 direct jobs. In 2017-18, 48,750 km of rural roads were constructed which yields to nearly 13.2 lakh jobs.

3. Railways: While Railways on its own creates many jobs, one major national task is to convert the current meter and narrow-gauge tracks into broad gauge. As per the Railway

Minister’s statement, the pace of 13 km/day conversion or new development has the potential to create 9 crore man days. In 2017-18, Railways commissioned 1861 km of tracks which translates to 5 km/day. Thus, a total of 3.5 crore person days were created, which imply a creation of 1.2 lakh jobs.

4. Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan: Construction of one toilet generally involves 9 person days. In the year 2017-18, 2.95 crore household toilets were constructed. This translates to 26.5 crore person days or 8.8 lakh jobs in rural areas. On the Urban side, in 2017-18, 2.4 lakh community toilets and 35.5 lakh individual toilets were constructed. Assuming a community toilet requires 30-man days and individual man days requires 9 man days, it translates to 1.06 lakh jobs to construct individual toilets and 24,000 jobs for community toilets. The total being 1.3 lakh jobs.

All these figures point towards a common theme that with robust economic growth, jobs are created. India has seen rapid and inclusive economic growth in the past few years and many jobs have been created in various sectors. However, one needs to keep in mind that India’s aspirations are growing along with its economy and hence, many young people are choosing to pursue higher education rather than taking up any job that comes that way. The hallmark of the Modi Government has not just been number of jobs, but good quality jobs that are helping people eliminate the uncertainties of the informal sector. The current momentum needs to be maintained to ascertain that India’s growth is inclusive its labor market is dynamic.

(The Writer is a Young Professional with the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM). All views expressed are

personal.)

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16February 2019

लदजीवी,�अथपिशास्ती�कब�लवत्ती्�घाटे�की�बात�करने�लगें�और�कब�दशे�के�गरीबों�की�लचनता�में�दबुरा�जाए,ं�समझ� पाना� बहुत� कलठन� होता� ह�ै और� ठीक� इसी�

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इस�बात� के� ललए� नरेंद्र� मोदी�की�सरकार�को�बिाई� दी�जानी�

विपक्ष के लिए ‘उबिा आिू’ बन गिे में अटक गया ह ैअंतरिम बजट!

हर्ष वर्षन त्रिपाठी

बु

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17February 2019

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लकसानों�की� ही� तरह� मध्म� वगपि� को� भी�लगातार� लवपक्� ्ह�समझाने�की�कोलशश�कर�रहा�था�लक�आपको�््ा�लमला।�इस�सरकार�ने�आपको�सीि�े कुछ�नहीं� लद्ा।� हालांलक,�मध्म�वगपि�को� बेहतर�जीवनसतर�के� ललए�अचछी�सडकें ,� रेलवे,�हवाई�अि्िे�की�सलुविा�सबसे�बडी�जरूरत�होती�ह�ैऔर�उस�पर� इस�सरकार� के�काम�की�आलोचना� लगभग�असमभव� सी� लदखती� ह,ै� लेलकन� टै्स� छूट� न�लमलने�से�लपछले�2�बजट�से�नौकरीपेशा�मध्म�वगपि�लनराश�हो�रहा�था�

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18February 2019

और�उसे�लवपक्�की�बात�ठीक�लगने�लगी�थी�लक�आपको�् ्ा�लमला।

अचछी�सडक,� लबजली,� रेलवे,� हवाई� पररवहन�की�सलुविा� तो�सबके�ललए�ह।ै�हालांलक,�बार-बार�प्िानमतं्री�नरेंद्र�मोदी�नौकरीपेशा,�मध्मगपि�की�ईमानदार� टै्सपे्र� के�तौर�पर�पहचान�करके�सममान�बढाते�थे,�लेलकन�मझु�े््ा�लमला�वाला�सवाल�नौकरीपेशा,�मध्म�वगपि�के�मन�में�बडा�होता�जा�रहा�था।�अब�5�लाख�रुप्े�की�आमदनी�परूी�तरह�से�करमतुि�कर�दनेे�के�एलान�से�नौकरीपेशा,�मध्म�वगपि�को�भी�मझु�े््ा�लमला,�का�जवाब�लमल�ग्ा�ह।ै

पी्रू्�गो्ल�ने�अतंररम�बजट�पेश�करते�बता्ा�लक�लनवेश�और�दसूरी�छूट�के�साथ�6.5�लाख�तक�की�कमाई�करने�वाले�को�टै्स�नहीं�भरना�होगा।�और,�्ह�बात�समझना�जरूरी�ह�ैलक�5�लाख�रुप्े�तक�सालाना�कमाई�वाले�टै्स�भरने�वालों�का�करीब�90�प्लतशत�हैं।�करीब�3�करोड�लोगों�को�मझु�े््ा�लमला�का�जवाब�लमल�जाने�का�मतलब�लवपक्�को�अचछे�से�समझ�में�आ�रहा�होगा।

लकसान�और�मध्म�वगपि�के�अलावा�असंगलठत�क्ेत्र�का�मजदरू�भी�्ह�सवाल�लगातार�पछूने�लगा�था�लक�मझु�े््ा�लमला।�इसका�

जवाब�भी�नरेंद्र�मोदी�सरकार�के�इस�का प्िकाल�के�आलखरी�बजट�में�लद्ा�ग्ा�ह।ै�अतंररम�बजट�में�असंगलठत�क्ेत्र�के�मजदरूों�–�रेहडी-पटरी�वाले,�रर्शाचालक,�कूडा�बीनने�वाले,�खतेी�कामगार�आलद-�को�60�साल�की�उम्र�के�बाद�3000�रुप्े�महीने�की�पेंशन�की�्ोजना�लाग�ूकी�ह।ै�प्िानमतं्री�श्रम�् ोगी�मानिन�वकृहद�पेंशन�्ोजना�के�तहत�18�साल�के�श्रलमक�को�हर�महीने�55�रुप्े�जमा�करना�होगा�और�इतनी�ही�रकम�सरकार�भी�हर�महीने�दगेी।

अतंररम� बजट� पेश�करते� पी्रू्� गो्ल� ने� बता्ा� लक� न्नतूम�मजदरूी�10000�से�बढाकर�21000�रुप्े�इसी�सरकार�के�दौरान�की�गई�ह�ैऔर�बोनस�भी�3000�रुप्े�से�बढाकर�7000�रुप्े�कर�दी�गई�ह।ै�लकसान,�मजदरू�और�मध्म�वगपि�को�मझु�े््ा�लमला�का�जवाब�लमल�ग्ा�ह।ै�और�एक�सबसे�जरूरी�बात�जो�का प्िवाहक�लवत्त�मतं्री�पी्रू्�गो्ल�ने�बताई,�उसके�ललए�उनहें�लवशरे्�बिाई।�अब�दशे�की�हर�रेलवे�क्ॉलसंग�सरुलक्त�ह।ै�रेलवे�क्ॉलसंग�खलुी�होने�से�होने�वाली�दघुपिटना�अब�नहीं�होगी।�पी्रू्�गो्ल�रेल�मतं्री�हैं।

(लेखक वरिष्ठ परिकाि है एवं स्ंभकाि हैं।)

POLICY ANALYSIS

19February 2019

गत� लदनों� प्िानमतं्री� मोदी� ने� गोरखपरु� में� लकसान�क्ांलत� रैली� को� संबोलित� लक्ा� तथा� कई� लवकास�परर्ोजनाओ�ंका�अनावरण� लक्ा।�कें द्र�सरकार� ने�

चाल�ूलवत्त�वर्पि�के�अतंररम�बजट�में�प्िानमतं्री�लकसान�्ोजना�की�घोर्णा�की�थी।� इसके�अतंगपित�दो� हे् टे्र�तक�जोत�वाले�बारह��करोड� छोटे� एवं� सीमांत� लकसानों� को� सालाना� छह� हजार� रुप्े�की�नकद�सहा्ता�दनेे�की�घोर्णा�की�गई�थी।�प्िानमतं्री� ने�इस�्ोजना�की�शरुुआत�गोरखपरु�से�की।�लकसानों�के�कल्ाण�की�्ह�अभतूपवूपि� ्ोजना� ह।ै� मोदी� ने� कहा� लक� लजन� लकसानों�को�आज�पहली�लकशत�नहीं�लमली�ह,ै�उनहें�आने�वाले�हफतों�में�पहली�लकशत�

ककसान सम्ान कनवि : ककसानों की आय दोगुनी किने की ददशा में

एक कािगि कदम

डॉ त्िलीप अत््नहोरिी

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POLICY ANALYSIS

20February 2019

की�रालश�लमल�जाएगी।

सरकार�परूी�ईमानदारी�से�कोलशश�कर�रही�ह�ैलक�लकसानों�को�सभी�संभव�संसािन�लदए�जाए,ं�लजससे�दो�हजार�बाइस�तक�उनकी�आ्�दोगनुी�हो�जा्े।�इस�्ोजना�के�तहत�हर�साल�पचहत्तर�हजार�करोड� रुप्े� लकसानों� के�खाते� में� सीिा� पहुचंने� वाले� हैं।� मोदी� ने�कहा�लक�अब�तक�दशे�के�एक�करोड�एक�लाख�लकसानों�के�बैंक�खातों�में�इस�्ोजना�की�पहली�लकशत�ट्ांसफर�करने�का�सौभाग्�मझु�ेलमला�ह।ै

इन�लकसानों�को��दो�हजार�इ्कीस�करोड�रुपए�अभी�ट्ांसफर�लकए�गए�हैं।�करोडों�पशपुालकों,�दिू�के�व्वसा्�से�जडेु�लकसान�पररवारों�और� मतस्� पालन�और� उसके� व्वसा्� से� जडेु� बहन-भाइ्ों�को�भी�लकसान�के्लिट�कािपि�की�सलुविा�जोडे�गए�हैं।

मोदी�ने��लकसानों�की�सचूी�सरकार�को�न�भजेने�वाले�राज्ों�को�चतेावनी�दी।�वसततुः�ऐसी�राज्�सरकारे�लकसानों�का�अलहत�कर�रही�हैं।�उनहें�िर�ह�ैलक�लकसान�कल्ाण�्ोजनाओ�ंका�लाभ�भाजपा�को�लमलेगा।�लवरोलि्ों�ने�इस�्ोजना�के�बारे�में�संसद�में�सनुा�तो�सबके�चहेरे�लटक�गए�थे।�मतलब�साफ�ह�ैलवपक्ी�पालटपि्ों�को�महससू�होने�

लगा�ह�ैलक�लकसान�भाजपा�के�साथ�हैं।

मोदी�ने�लवपक्�पर�लकसान�लवरोिी�होने�का�आरोप�लगा्ा।�कहा�लक�कांग्ेस,�सपा,�बसपा�आलद�को�लकसान�दस�साल�में�एक�बार�चनुाव�के�सम्�्ाद�आता�ह।ै�लफर�इनहें�कजपिमाफी�का�बखुार�चढ�जाता�ह।ै�हमने�लसफपि �चनुावी�वादा�परूा�करने�के�ललए�्ह�्ोजना�नहीं�शरुू�की�ह,ै�बललक�लाल�लकले�से�इसकी�घोर्णा�की�थी।�बजट�में�इसके�ललए�िन�लनिापिररत�लक्ा�ह।ै

मोदी�ने�कहा�लक�हमारे�ललए�कजपिमाफी�का�फैसला�लेना�कोई�मलुशकल�काम�नहीं�था।�हम�भी�रेवडी�बांट�दतेे।�लेलकन�ऐसा�करना�उलचत�नहीं�हैं।�सरकार�प्िानमतं्री�ककृ लर्�लसंचाई�्ोजना�पर�ही�करीब�एक�लाख�करोड�रुपए�खचपि�कर�रही�ह,ै� लजससे� �तीन�चार�दशक��से�लंलबत�सभी�परर्ोजनाए�ंपरूी�हो�सकें ।�दशे�की�लनन्ानवे��ऐसी�परर्ोजनाए�ंचनुी�थीं,�इनमें�से�सत्तर��से�ज्ादा�परूी�होने�की�लसथलत�में�आ�गई�हैं।�्े�वो�काम�ह�ैजो�लकसानों�की�आने�वाले�कई�पीलढ्ों�को�लाभ�दनेे�वाला�ह।ै

(लेखक त्हनिदू पीजी कॉलेज में एसोत्सएट प्ोफेसि हैं। ये उनके त्नजी त्वचाि हैं।)

POLICY ANALYSIS

21February 2019

श� के� एकीकरण� में� अहम� भलूमका� लनभाने� और�अथपिव्वसथा� की� िमनी� होने� के� बावजदू� भारत� में�रेलवे�का�इसतेमाल�सही�ढंग�से�नहीं�हुआ।�आजादी�के�

बाद�से�ही�रेलवे�का�इसतेमाल�राजनीलत�चमकाने�के�ललए�लक्ा�जाने�

िेििे के आिुकनकीकिण में कामयाब हो िही मोदी सिकाि

िमेश कुमाि िुबे

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लगा।�्ही�कारण�ह�ैलक�रेल�सेवाओ�ंके�मामले�में�भारी�असंतलुन�फैला।�1990� के�दशक�में�शरुू� हुई�गठबंिन�की� राजनीलत�में� इस�क्ेत्री्�असंतलुन�ने�समस्ा�का�रूप�ले�लल्ा।�दरअसल�इस�दौरान�रेलवे�को�सरकार�में�शालमल�सह्ोगी�दलों�को�दहजे�में�लद्ा�जाने�वाला�लगजरी�आइटम�बना�लद्ा�ग्ा।

क्ेत्री्� दलों�से� बनने� वाले� रेल�मलंत्र्ों� ने� रेलवे�का� इसतेमाल�अपनी�राजनीलत�चमकाने�के�ललए�लक्ा।�इसका�नतीजा�्ह�लनकला�लक�चलुनंदा�रेल�मागषों�पर�गालड्ां�चलाई�गई�ंऔर�लकरा्ा�बढाने�से�परहजे�लक्ा�ग्ा।�इससे�रेलवे�का�घाटा�तेजी�से�बढा।�इस�घाटे�की�भरपाई�के�ललए�माल�भाडा�बढा्ा�ग्ा।�इससे�माल�भाडा�तेजी�से�बढा�और�माल�ढुलाई�के�काम�का�एक�बडा�लहससा�रेलवे�के�हाथों�से�लनकलकर�कर�ट्क�कारोबारर्ों�के�पास�जाने�लगा।

उदाहरण�के�ललए�1970-71�में�कुल�ढुलाई�में�रेलवे�की�लहससेदारी�70�फीसदी�थी�जो�लक�आज�30�फीसदी�रह�गई�ह।ै�इससे�रेलवे�की�आमदनी�प्भालवत�हुई।�महगंी�ढुलाई�का�पररणाम�आलथपिक�वकृलद�दर�

POLICY ANALYSIS

22February 2019

में�ससुती�और�महगंाई�के�रूप�में�सामने�आ्ा।�चूलंक�गठबंिन� राजनीलत� के� दौर� में� राष्ट्ी्� की� बजा्�क्ेत्री्� जरूरतों� को� ध्ान� में� रखा� ग्ा,� इसललए�चलुनंदा�लाइनों� पर� ही� गालड्ां� बढाई� गई�ं लजसका�पररणाम�बढते� कंजेशन�व� लेट-लतीफी� के�रूप�में�सामने�आ्ा।�

रेलवे�के�घाटे�में�चलने�से�नई�पटरर्ां�लबछाने,�लाइनों� के� दहुरीकरण-लवद्तुीकरण,� पलुों� का�रखरखाव�और�आिलुनकीकरण�जैसे�का प्ि�प्भालवत�हुए।�मोदी�सरकार�ने� रेलवे�के�आिलुनकीकरण�को�प्ाथलमकता�में�लल्ा�और�लंलबत�परर्ोजनाओ�ंको�परूा�करने�को�प्ाथलमकता�दी।

10,000�लकलोमीटर�के�टं्क�रूट�को�हाईसपीि�कोररिोर�में�बदलने�और�आिलुनकीकरण�के�ललए�20�लाख�करोड�रूप्े�का� लनवेश� लक्ा�जा� रहा�ह।ै�कुल�आवंटन�की�आिी�रालश�अथापित�10�लाख�करोड�रूप्े�टे्नों�की�सपीि�बढाने�में�खचपि�लकए�जाएगंे।�इसके�तहत�लदलली–मुबंई,� लदलली-हावडा,� बंगलौर-हदैराबाद� जैसे� रूट� को�अपग्ेि�कर�हाईसपीि�कोररिोर�में�बदला�जाएगा।�इस�रूट�पर�आने�वाले�सटेशनों�को�भी�वलिपि�्लास�टलमपिनलस�में�बदला�जाएगा।

3300� लकलोमीटर� लंबे� िेलिकेटेि� फे्ट� काररिोर� के� परूा� होने�पर�मौजदूा�रूट�पर�बोझ�कम�होगा�और�उस�पर�अलिक�सपीि�से�्ात्री� गालड्ों� को� दौडा्ा� जा� सकेगा।� 60,000� करोड� रूप्े� की�लागत� से� लसगनललंग� व� इले्ट्ीलफकेशन� नेटवकपि � बदला� जाएगा�लजससे� 6-7� लमनट� के�अतंर� पर� रेलगालड्ां� दौडेंगी।� मोदी� सरकार�ने�्ात्री�गालड्ों� के�साथ-साथ�मालगालड्ों�की�औसत�रफतार�को�दोगनुा�करने�का�लक््�रखा�ह।ै�रेल�परर्ोजनाओ�ंको�सम्�से�परूा�करने� के� ललए�सरकार� ने� रेलवे� में� लनवेश�को� तीन� गनुा� बढा्ा� ह।ै�सरुक्ा�में�लनवेश�बढाने�का�ही�नतीजा�ह�ैलक�दघुपिटनाओ�ंमें�कमी�आई�ह।ै�गौरतलब�ह�ै लक�गलतमान�ए्सपे्स�के�काम्ाब�पररचालन�और ममुबई�-अहमदाबाद�के�बीच�बलेुट�टे्न�चलाने�की�तै्ारर्ों�के�बीच�रेलवे� ने� वाराणसी�और� लदलली� के� बीच� सेमी� हाई� सपीि� टे्न-18�चलाई�ह।ै�वनद�ेभारत�ए्सपे्स�नामक�्ह�इजंन�रलहत�टे्न�दोनों�शहरों�के�बीच�की�दरूी�8�घणटे�में�त्�करेगी।

रेलवे� की� रफतार� बढाने� के� ललए� मोदी� सरकार� रेलवे� संबंिी�आिारभतू�ढांच�ेपर�सबसे�ज्ादा�जोर�द�ेरही�ह।ै�2022�तक�सभी�ब्ॉि�गेज�रेल�लाइनों�के�लवद्तुीकरण�का�लक््�ह।ै�2020-21�तक�सभी�रेलवे�सटेशनों�पर�सौर�ऊजापि�पलांट�लगाने�की�् ोजना�ह।ै�भारती्�रेलवे�ने� लवश्व�की� पहली�सौर�ऊजापि�आिाररत� टे्न�चलाने�का�कीलतपिमान�बना्ा�ह।ै�एक�सम्�रेल�हादसों�का�प्मखु�कारण�रही�मानव�रलहत�

रेलवे�क्ॉलसंग�को�परूी�तरह�खतम�कर�लद्ा�ग्ा�ह।ै

रेल�बोलग्ों�में�पानी�भरने�की�परुातन�प्णाली�का�आिलुनकीकरण�लक्ा�जा�रहा�ह।ै�इससे�टे्नों�में�असम्�पानी�खतम�होने�की�समस्ा�का�अतं�हो�जाएगा।�रा्बरेली�लसथत�कोच�की�साज-सजजा�फै्टरी�को�सरकार� ने�2014�में�सावपिजलनक�उपक्म�का�दजापि� लद्ा।�इसका�पररणाम�्ह�हुआ�लक�इस�फै्टरी�में�बडे�पैमाने�पर�लनवेश�हुआ�और�इसे�मािनपि�कोच�फै्टरी�नाम�लद्ा�ग्ा।

्ह�दशे�का�पहला�कोच�कारखाना�ह�ैजहां�परूा�उतपादन�रोबोट�के�जररए�हो�रहा�ह।ै�इससे�उतपादन�में�तेजी�आई।�्हां�2014-15�में�140�कोच�बने�जो�लक�2017-18�में�बढकर�711�और�2018-19�में�1422�कोच�तक�पहुचं�गए।�िीजल�रेल�कारखाना�वाराणसी�ने�लवश्व�में�पहली�बार�िीजल�रेल�इजंन�को�इलेल्ट्क�इजंन�में�बदकर�सवलणपिम�इलतहास�रच�लद्ा।�40,000�आईसीएफ�लि्बों�में�एलएचबी�जैसा�सेंट्ल�बफर�कपलर�लगाकर�समाटपि�कोच�में�बदला�जा�रहा�ह�ैतालक�आरामदहे�्ात्रा�के�साथ-साथ�दघुपिटनाओ�ंमें�कमी�आए।

रेलवे� संबंिी� अध््न� के� ललए� वडोदरा� में� दशे� के� पहले� रेल�लवश्वलवद्ाल्�का� लशलान्ास� लक्ा�ग्ा� ह।ै�लोकल� टे्न�ममे�ू नए�अवतार�में�आ�रही�ह।ै�कम�दरूी�के�्ालत्र्ों�को�बेहतर�सलुविाए�ंदनेे�के� ललए�आईसीएफ�में�130� लकलोमीटर�की� रफतार�वाली�ममे�ूका�परीक्ण�काम्ाब� रहा�ह।ै�समग्त:�दशकों�से� राजनीलत�चमकाने�में�इसतेमाल�हो�रही� रेलवे�को�मोदी�सरकार�आिलुनकीकरण�के�जररए�न्ा�रूप�द�ेरही�ह।ै

(लेखक केनद्ीय सत्चवालय में अत्रकािी हैं। ये उनके त्नजी त्वचाि हैं।)

Political commentarieS

23February 2019

तरहवीं�लोकसभा� के� ललए�आसनन�चनुावों� में�अब�लगनती�के�साठ�लदन�ही�बच�ेहैं।�््ा�भाजपा�और�नरेंद्र�मोदी�वापस�सत्ता�में�उसी�हनक�के�साथ�आ�रह�ेहैं,�्ह�

सवाल�सभी�के�जेहन�में�चल�रहा�ह।ै�ऊपर�उठते�लस्ासी�तापमान�

ये ‘पांच’ कािण किाएंगे भाजपा की सत्ा में िापसी

के�बीच�मोदी�को�रोकने�की�कोलशशें�भी�भाजपा�लवरोिी�दलों�द्ारा�की�जा�रही�हैं।

‘महागठबंिन’�के�बहाने�्ह�लदखाने�की�कोलशश�भी�हो�रही�ह�ैलक�मोदी�को�रोकने�के�ललए�लवपक्�एकजटु�ह।ै�हालांलक�इस�कलथत�एकजटुता�का�कोई�सथाई�एवं�सपष्ट�सवरूप�अभी�तक�सामने�नहीं�आ�सका�ह।ै�खरै�इन�तमाम�कवा्दों�के�बीच�पांच�ऐसे�कारण�हैं�जो�मोदी�को�दोबारा�मजबतूी�से�प्िानमतं्री�बनाते�नजर�आ�रह�ेहैं।�्े�वो�पांच�कारण�हैं,�जो�भाजपा�की�सत्ता�में�पनु:�वापसी�की�वजह�बनेंगे।

मोिी का करिशमाई चेहिा

लोकसभा�चनुाव�2019�को�लेकर�जब�भी�‘चहेरे’�और�‘नेतकृतव’�का�सवाल�पछूा�जाता�ह�ैतब�मोदी�सबको�मात�दतेे�नजर�आते�हैं।�्ह�सच�ह�ैलक�प्िानमतं्री�के�रूप�में�दशे�की�पहली�पसंद�मोदी�हैं।�लोकलप््ता�के�पैमाने�पर�नरेंद्र�मोदी�लकसी�भी�नेता�से�बहुत�आगे�हैं।�‘फेस�मोदी’�लफलवति�दशे�में�लकसी�भी�नेता�से�अलिक�भरोसेमदं�ह।ै�मोदी�के�बरअ्स�उनके�आसपास�भी�लकसी�और�चहेरे�का�नहीं�होना�

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त्शवाननि त्विवेिी

Political commentarieS

24February 2019

भाजपा�की�सत्ता�में�वापसी�का�बडा�कारण�बन�सकता�ह।ै�दशे�का�लमजाज�और�तमाम�चनैलों�के�सववे�भी�्ह�बताते�हैं�लक�दशे�में�सबसे�अलिक�लोग�नरेंद्र�मोदी�को�अपना�प्िानमतं्री�दखेना�चाहते�हैं।�वहीं�दसूरी�तरफ�लवपक्�की�सबसे�बडी�कमजोरी�‘चहेरा’�और�‘नेतकृतव’�ह।ै�जो�लवपक्�की�सबसे�बडी�कमजोरी�ह,ै�भाजपा�की�वही�सबसे�बडी�मजबतूी�ह।ै�इसका�फा्दा�भाजपा�को�लमलेगा।

मजबदू् सगंठन से िाह होगी आसान

मोदी� के� नेतकृतव�और�उनके�कररशमाई�चहेरे�की�बदौलत�2014�में� दशे�का�एक�बडा�मतदाता�वगपि�भाजपा� के�साथ�जडुा�था।�्ही�कारण�था�लक�भाजपा�के�वोट�फीसद�में�इलतहास�का�सवपिश्रषे्ठ�इजाफा�हुआ।�मोदी�के�नेतकृतव�और�लवश्वसनी्ता�के�प्लत�जडेु�मतदाताओ�ंको�भाजपा�से�जोडने�तथा�संवाद�करने�का�्ह�बडा�अवसर�था।�2014�में�राष्ट्ी्�अध्क्�बनने�के�बाद�अलमत�शाह�ने�वही�लक्ा।�भाजपा�की�सदस्ता�में�लवसतार�हुआ,�हर�वगपि,�हर�समदुा्�एवं�हर�क्ेत्र�में�नए�सदस्�बनाए�गए।�उनसे�संपकपि �की� लन्लमत�व्वसथा�शाह� ने�की।�कहना�गलत�नहीं�होगा�लक�अलमत�शाह�ने�उस�‘मोदी�वोट�बैंक’�को�संगठन�के�माध्म�से�जोडने,�उनसे�संवाद�करने,�उनको�भाजपा�की�सदस्ता�लदलाने�तथा�हर�वगपि�तक�पाटवी�की�पहुचं�को�सकू्म�रणनीलत�से� ले� जाने�का�का प्ि� लक्ा।�लोकसभा�चनुाव� 2014� के� बाद� हुए�लविानसभाओ�ंके�चनुाव�में�भाजपा� के�मत�प्लतशत�में� हुए� इजाफे�इसके�सबसे�बडे�प्माण�हैं।�एक�तरफ�नरेंद्र�मोदी�सरकार�के�मोचवे�पर�जन�कल्ाण�की�्ोजनाओ�ंतथा�पारदशवी�नीलत्ों�को�अमल�में�ला�रह�ेथे,�वहीं�दसूरी�तरफ�संगठन�के�मोचवे�पर�मोदी�के�सारथी�अलमत�शाह�इस�वगपि�को�भाजपा�के�संगठन�की�संवाद�प्णाली�से�जोडने�में�लगे� रह।े� इस�दौरान�नई�बथू�सलमलत्ां�बनाई�गई,ं�संगठन� सतर�पर�संपकपि �और�संवाद�के�माइक्ो�कें द्र�बनाए�गए�और�मतदाताओ�ंऔर�लाभालथपि्ों�तक�पहुचंने�के�नए�का प्िक्म�त्�लकए�गए।

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