The Jackson EraThe Jackson Era

Goal Two Part 2Goal Two Part 2

Topics to ConsiderTopics to Consider Election of Election of

1824-candidates/party/issue/outcome/significance1824-candidates/party/issue/outcome/significance The New Democratic Party – Martin Van The New Democratic Party – Martin Van

Buren, new campaign strategies and Buren, new campaign strategies and practicespractices

Election of 1828(same information as above)Election of 1828(same information as above) The War on the BankThe War on the Bank Indian RemovalIndian Removal Spoils systemSpoils system Tariff of 1828Tariff of 1828 The Whig PartyThe Whig Party The Jackson LegacyThe Jackson Legacy

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

Election of 1824Election of 1824 Candidates: John Quincy Adams (New England), Candidates: John Quincy Adams (New England),

William Crawford (Georgia), Andrew Jackson William Crawford (Georgia), Andrew Jackson (Tennessee), Henry Clay (Kentucky)(Tennessee), Henry Clay (Kentucky)

Party: Democratic RepublicanParty: Democratic Republican Issues: American System (internal improvements, Issues: American System (internal improvements,

tariff, bank), sectional issues, tariff, bank), sectional issues, Outcome: Jackson secured the popular vote, but Outcome: Jackson secured the popular vote, but

did not receive a majority of the electoral votes. did not receive a majority of the electoral votes. Clay swung his support to Adams, and Adams won.Clay swung his support to Adams, and Adams won.

Significance: Second time an election was decided Significance: Second time an election was decided by the House (1800, 1824); illustrated sectional by the House (1800, 1824); illustrated sectional interests; Jackson claimed a “corrupt bargain” had interests; Jackson claimed a “corrupt bargain” had occurred.occurred.

The New Democratic PartyThe New Democratic Party

Andrew Jackson relied on Martin Van Andrew Jackson relied on Martin Van Buren’s (New York) expertise as a Buren’s (New York) expertise as a politician. politician.

Van Buren redesigned campaigning. Van Buren redesigned campaigning. He organized barbecues and rallies to He organized barbecues and rallies to gain public support for his candidate.gain public support for his candidate.

The new party was named the The new party was named the Democratic Party. Democratic Party.

The Structure of the New The Structure of the New Democratic PartyDemocratic Party

Democrats developed a system of local Democrats developed a system of local and state committees and conventions.and state committees and conventions.

Voters were wooed by public rallies.Voters were wooed by public rallies. The faithful were rewarded with The faithful were rewarded with

government jobs (spoils system). This government jobs (spoils system). This wasn’t new under Jackson, but he used it wasn’t new under Jackson, but he used it more than others had before him.more than others had before him.

Van Buren became the Secretary of State Van Buren became the Secretary of State as a reward for his work in helping Jackson as a reward for his work in helping Jackson get elected.get elected.

Martin Van BurenMartin Van Buren

How was the country more How was the country more democratic after 1824?democratic after 1824?

States were choosing their electors by popular States were choosing their electors by popular vote.vote.

New state constitutions extended voting rights to New state constitutions extended voting rights to more citizens.more citizens.

Caucuses were replaced by nominating Caucuses were replaced by nominating conventions.conventions.

Voter turnout rose to record highs.Voter turnout rose to record highs. All Americans were not included in the expansion All Americans were not included in the expansion

of democracy. Women, African Americans, and of democracy. Women, African Americans, and Native Americans were still disenfranchised. (In Native Americans were still disenfranchised. (In fact, many new constitutions actually took the fact, many new constitutions actually took the vote away from free blacks.)vote away from free blacks.)

Election of 1828Election of 1828

Democrats nominated JacksonDemocrats nominated Jackson John Quincy Adams ran against Jackson. John Quincy Adams ran against Jackson.

(Democratic Republicans)(Democratic Republicans) Jackson won.Jackson won. 56% of the popular vote and two thirds of 56% of the popular vote and two thirds of

the electoral votes went to Jackson; it was the electoral votes went to Jackson; it was seen as the victory of the common man.seen as the victory of the common man.

The inauguration party was so rowdy that The inauguration party was so rowdy that Jackson had to be taken away for his saftey.Jackson had to be taken away for his saftey.

Election of 1828 (continued)Election of 1828 (continued)

Issues: focus on the common man, Issues: focus on the common man, sectional issuessectional issues

Significance: A new party emerged, Significance: A new party emerged, Jackson claimed to favor states’ Jackson claimed to favor states’ rights but used his role as executive rights but used his role as executive very liberally. For example, he used very liberally. For example, he used his veto power more than any other his veto power more than any other president before him.president before him.

The Fight Against the BankThe Fight Against the Bank

Jackson saw the Bank of the U.S. as a Jackson saw the Bank of the U.S. as a tool for the rich, elite, north.tool for the rich, elite, north.

He wanted to kill the Bank.He wanted to kill the Bank. He diverted federal funds to state He diverted federal funds to state

banks, called “pet banks”. This banks, called “pet banks”. This effectively crippled the Bank of the effectively crippled the Bank of the U.S.U.S.

Vetoed the 1832 bill calling for the Vetoed the 1832 bill calling for the renewal of the Bank of the U.S.renewal of the Bank of the U.S.

Jackson’s War on the BankJackson’s War on the Bank

War on the Bank Video ClipWar on the Bank Video Clip

Jackson's war on the bankJackson's war on the bank

Indian RemovalIndian Removal

Since Jefferson, U.S. policy toward the Since Jefferson, U.S. policy toward the Native Americans had been assimilation.Native Americans had been assimilation.

Jackson favored removal. Jackson favored removal. Indian Removal Act, 1830 targeted the Indian Removal Act, 1830 targeted the

Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, and the Seminole.and the Seminole.

Worcester vs. Georgia – Court ruled that Worcester vs. Georgia – Court ruled that Georgia’s land seizure was Georgia’s land seizure was unconstitutional. Jackson’s response was, unconstitutional. Jackson’s response was, “John Marshal has made his decision; now “John Marshal has made his decision; now let him enforce it.”let him enforce it.”

Indian Removal Act MapIndian Removal Act Map

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

The Cherokee were forced to hike The Cherokee were forced to hike from the east coast lands to Indian from the east coast lands to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). Territory (Oklahoma).

They traveled over 1000 miles.They traveled over 1000 miles. More than 4000 Cherokee perished More than 4000 Cherokee perished

on the journey.on the journey.

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

Tariff of 1828Tariff of 1828

Called the Tariff of Abominations by the Called the Tariff of Abominations by the southsouth

Called for the highest tariff on imports in Called for the highest tariff on imports in AmericaAmerica

John C. Calhoun, in opposition to the tariff, John C. Calhoun, in opposition to the tariff, resigned as Vice President, and wrote the resigned as Vice President, and wrote the document “South Carolina Exposition and document “South Carolina Exposition and Protest” calling for the nullification of the Protest” calling for the nullification of the Tariff of 1828 and hinting at the possibility Tariff of 1828 and hinting at the possibility of secession if the tariff was not removed.of secession if the tariff was not removed.

Tariff, continuedTariff, continued Jackson’s response was called the “olive Jackson’s response was called the “olive

branch and the sword”.branch and the sword”. The olive branch was a promise to have a The olive branch was a promise to have a

reduction in the tariff. This became the reduction in the tariff. This became the Tariff of 1833. The force was the promise of Tariff of 1833. The force was the promise of military action against any state that did not military action against any state that did not agree to follow the tariff law.agree to follow the tariff law.

Jackson did want to support states’ rights Jackson did want to support states’ rights and lower the tariff, but he did not believe and lower the tariff, but he did not believe in nullification.in nullification.

The nullification crisis passed, but not The nullification crisis passed, but not without damaging Jackson in the eyes of without damaging Jackson in the eyes of many.many.

John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun

The Whig PartyThe Whig Party Because of the war on the Bank of the U.S. Because of the war on the Bank of the U.S.

and Jackson’s use of his veto power, many and Jackson’s use of his veto power, many began to see Jackson as a tyrant who exerted began to see Jackson as a tyrant who exerted his authority in a way that was abusive to his authority in a way that was abusive to Congress.Congress.

The opposition, led by Henry Clay and Daniel The opposition, led by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, formed a rival party, the Whig Party.Webster, formed a rival party, the Whig Party.

The Whigs were nationalists who favored The Whigs were nationalists who favored strong federal government to manage the strong federal government to manage the economy, a loose interpretation of the economy, a loose interpretation of the Constitution, protective tariffs, internal Constitution, protective tariffs, internal improvements, and a national bank.improvements, and a national bank.

Jackson’s CriticsJackson’s Critics

Andrew Jackson narrowly escapes asAndrew Jackson narrowly escapes assassination — sassination — History.comHistory.com This Day in History — 1/30/1835 This Day in History — 1/30/1835

Jackson's Personality and Legacy — Jackson's Personality and Legacy — History.comHistory.com Video Video

Whig Party, continuedWhig Party, continued The emergence of the Whigs renewed the two-The emergence of the Whigs renewed the two-

party system.party system. The Whigs challenged Jacksonian Democrats in The Whigs challenged Jacksonian Democrats in

local, state, and national elections.local, state, and national elections. The two-party rivalry brought even more voters to The two-party rivalry brought even more voters to

the polls.the polls. In 1832, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay. In 1832, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay.

Jackson won, however, in a landslide victory, and Jackson won, however, in a landslide victory, and Martin Van Buren became his vice president.Martin Van Buren became his vice president.

Jackson continued his war on the bank, assisted Jackson continued his war on the bank, assisted by his Secretary of the Treasury, Roger B. Taney. by his Secretary of the Treasury, Roger B. Taney. When Marshall died in 1835, Taney was When Marshall died in 1835, Taney was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

An Attempt on Jackson’s LifeAn Attempt on Jackson’s Life

http://www.history.com/videos/attemhttp://www.history.com/videos/attempt-to-kill-andrew-jacksonpt-to-kill-andrew-jackson

The Legacy of the Jackson The Legacy of the Jackson EraEra

The formation of a strong two-party systemThe formation of a strong two-party system A greater extension of democracy to the A greater extension of democracy to the

common mancommon man The forging of the idea of appealing to the The forging of the idea of appealing to the

masses when campaigningmasses when campaigning Expanded the scope of presidential authority Expanded the scope of presidential authority

(example: the kitchen cabinet)(example: the kitchen cabinet) Favored the elimination of a national debtFavored the elimination of a national debt Laissez-faire approach to economics in the Laissez-faire approach to economics in the

U.S.U.S.

The Jackson EraThe Jackson Era

Jackson's Personality and Legacy — Jackson's Personality and Legacy — History.comHistory.com Video#jacksonsVideo#jacksons-personality-and-legacy-personality-and-legacy