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The Japanese experience in The Japanese experience in micro CHP for residential usemicro CHP for residential use

May 29th, 2008Gas Industry Micro CHP Workshop 2008

Kunihiro NishizakiTokyo Gas Co., Ltd.

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Contents

1. Introduction ～ Gas Engine

2. Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC)

3. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)

3Transition of energy consumption rate in Japanese residential sectorTransition of energy consumption rate in Transition of energy consumption rate in Japanese residential sectorJapanese residential sector

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

1975

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

照明・家電・他

給湯

冷房

暖房

Ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

(MJl

/ fam

ily/ y

ear)

Ratio @ FY2002

38％

34％

26％ 2％

Jukankyo Research Institute Inc.

Lighting, etc. Hot water

Heating

Large amount of energy for hot water

Cooling

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WhatWhat’’s residential CHP in Japan?s residential CHP in Japan?

Fuel (city gas etc.)

Hot water supply

Generation unit

Hot water storage unit including backup burner

Recovered heat

Electricity (grid connected)

>Rated power: 1kW class

>Recovered heat used as hot water

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Schematic Image of residential CHP Schematic Image of residential CHP for Connectionsfor Connections

City gas Hot water

Electric power from CHP

Commercial grid power

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Residential Residential CHPsCHPs in Japanin JapanGas Engine PEFC SOFC

EfficiencyE / H (%LHV)

22.5 / 63 37 / 50 45 / 30

Operation Start & stop Start & stop Continuous

Stage Commercial Limited market entry

Field trial

PEFC: Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell, SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

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Gas engine based residential CHP Gas engine based residential CHP -- EcowillEcowill --

Rated power : 1kW

Efficiency (LHV) :Generation : 22.5 %Heat : 63.0 %Overall : 85.5 %

Manufacturer :Honda (engine unit)Noriz or Chofu(hot water storage unit)

8Cumulative number of gas engine Cumulative number of gas engine based residential CHP in Japanbased residential CHP in Japan

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PEFC based residential CHPPEFC based residential CHPHigher electrical efficiency

Primary energy saving, CO2 reduction

Lower noise, lower vibration, cleaner exhaust

Common technology with FCV

Strong support by the government

Aggressive development by manufacturers and energy companies

in Japan

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Hot water tank

PEFC stack

Air

Hot water

Hot water

Recovered heat

Natural gas

Fuel processor

H2 gas

DC electricity

DC/AC ConverterAC electricity

Backup water heaterA

ir

Components of residential PEFCComponents of residential PEFC

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Road Map of Residential PEFC Development

Road Map of Residential Road Map of Residential PEFC Development PEFC Development

IntroductionphaseDevelopment phase Penetration

phase

2005 2009

Large Scale Demonstration

DeregulationCodes & Standards

Subsidy for Market Penetration

Technology Development Support Program

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Development InitiativeDevelopment Initiative

Energy Companies－Market Research－Conceptual design for increase of market acceptance－Risk Management

Energy Companies－Market Research－Conceptual design for increase of market acceptance－Risk Management

ＭＥＴＩ－Policy making and initiative

－Subsidization－Deregulation

－Codes and Standards

ＭＥＴＩ－Policy making and initiative

－Subsidization－Deregulation

－Codes and Standards

Manufacturers－R&D－Production

Manufacturers－R&D－Production

CustomerCustomer

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JGAJGA’’ss stationary PEFC testing programstationary PEFC testing program““Millennium projectMillennium project”” (2000 (2000 -- ) ) subsidized by NEDOsubsidized by NEDO

JGA: Japan Gas Association

PEFC systems testing related to safety, performance etc.

>Deregulation>Codes and standards

Test Facility

14Large-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationProject (JFY 2005-2008) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEF

LargeLarge--Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationScale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationProject (JFY 2005Project (JFY 2005--2008) 2008) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF

>DemonstratorPair of a PEFC manufacturer and a fuel supplier

>Applicable fuel cells1kW class fuel cells

>Subsidy

>Total number of demonstration

JFY 2005 2006 2007 2008¥/system 6 million 4.5 million 3.5 million 2.2 million

JFY 2005 2006 2007 2008Total 400 777 930

2101120

TG 150 160 276

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Ebara Pana-sonic

EneosCelltech(Sanyo)

Toshiba Toyota Total

Tokyo gas 265 255

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Hokkaido gas 20 20

Nippon oil 221 221Cosmo oil 5 5

Kero-sene

subtotal 226 226

Nippon gas 6 6

52

520

52

4 114 106 224Osaka gasToho gasSaibu gas

subtotal 330 285 114 112 893

subtotal 635 433 1068

Nippon oil Other 9companies

25 433 458LPGas

25 13 9020 13 33

Total

610 610

556 285 749 545 2187

CityGas

Players in the LargePlayers in the Large--scale demonstration project (JFY2005scale demonstration project (JFY2005--2007)2007)

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Residential PEFC Residential PEFC CHPsCHPs

ENEOS celltech(former SANYO)

TOSHIBA FCP EBARA MATSUSHITA(Panasonic)

TOYOTA

Natural gas/ LPG750W

Natural gas/ LPG700W

Natural gas/ Kerosene

1,000WNatural gas

1,000W

Natural gas

1,000W

Source : NEF Home Page

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Specification of residential PEFC of Tokyo Gas -LIFUEL-

Specification of residential PEFC Specification of residential PEFC of Tokyo Gas of Tokyo Gas --LIFUELLIFUEL--

Rated power: 1kWEfficiency*(electricity): 37%

(heat recovery): 50%(overall) : 87%

Turndown ratio: 30%Hot water storage: 200LFuel: City gas (13A)

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.

*LHV basis Ebara Ballard Corp.

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Role of Tokyo Gas in Residential FC Development

Trouble shooting、MaintenanceCustomer support

Establishment of concept and specification

In-house R&D: Fuel processor, Operation control

Evaluation through operation tests and field trials

Easy installation, Maintainability, User manuals, etc.

Establishment of social platform

Technical support for deregulation, codes & standards, etc.

Product development

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Durability Test of the Systems

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Remote Controller of LIFUEL Remote Controller of LIFUEL

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Installation of LIFUELInstallation of LIFUEL

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Installation of LIFUELInstallation of LIFUEL

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Average AC Output (W)

Elec

tric

and

Hea

t Effi

cien

cy (%

LHV)

Electric and Heat EfficiencyElectric and Heat Efficiency

High efficiency even at partial load in actual use

◆Electrical Efficiency, ●Heat Efficiency

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Summary of the Operation ResultsSummary of the Operation Results205 Total Average(/day)

Generation time 1015928 h 13.6 h

Amount 629 MWh 8.4 kWhSupplied electricity Contribution

ratio34 %

Amount 937 MWh 12.5 kWhSupplied heat Contribution

ratio78 %

Amount 743 MWh 9.9 kWhPrimary energy saving

Ratio 25 %

Amount 263 t-CO2 3.5 kg-CO2CO2emission reduction

Ratio 38 %

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SOFC based residential CHPSOFC based residential CHP

Flat tubular Cell

700W(AC) SOFC Unit

by Kyocera

Target Electrical Efficiency :>45%LHV (@ rated power)

Higher electrical efficiency

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SOFC Demonstration Research Project (JFY 2007-2010) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFSOFC Demonstration Research Project SOFC Demonstration Research Project (JFY 2007(JFY 2007--2010) 2010) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF

>ObjectivesClarification of the issues including durability

through actual usage>Budget

¥765million for JFY2007, ¥800million for JFY2008

>Players in JFY2007 (Operator / Manufacturer)Osaka Gas / Kyocera: 20 sitesTokyo Gas / Kyocera: 3 sitesSaibu Gas / Kyocera: 1 sitesHokkaido Gas / Kyocera: 1 sitesNippon Oil / Nippon oil: 2 sites (LPG, Kerosene)TOTO / TOTO: 2sites (small commercial, 2kW)

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For the children of the future