The JASON Project inspires and educates kids everywhere through real science and exploration. JASON is an independent 501(c)(3) operated in partnership with National Geographic Society, Sea Research Foundation, Inc., and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). JASON focuses on formal classroom-based curriculum experiences. The JASON Project’s Immersion Learning program creates out-of-school science programs designed for use in after-school settings, mentoring and summer camps.

Visit www.jason.org to learn more about The JASON Project, or email us at info@jason.org.

Cover Design: Ryan Kincade, The JASON Project

Cover Images

Main cover and title page: ernest/flickr

Front cover thumbnails: Peter Haydock, The JASON Project.

Back cover thumbnails: (top left) Teacher Argonaut Kelly Stewart. Photo by Peter Haydock, The JASON Project; (middle right) Student Argonaut Aubrey Gonzalez. Photo by Peter Haydock, The JASON Project; (bottom left) Student Argonaut Marcelo Ancira. Photo by Peter Haydock, The JASON Project; (bottom right) Steamroller Photo by rejar/flickr; Crash Photo by The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

Published by The JASON Project.

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ISBN 978-1-935211-41-9

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Contents2 Getting Started with

Terminal Velocity

4 Your Tour of the JASON Expedition Center

6 Terminal Velocity Overview

Expeditions

10 Expedition1: Critical Measurements—The Quest for Exactness Stage 1: Communicating with Measurements Lab: Measuring With Tools Stage 2: Derived Units Lab: Measuring Mysteries Stage 3: Accuracy and Precision Lab: Targeting Accuracy, and Precision Field Assignment: Stringing Along

36 Expedition2: A Universe of Motion—Motion, Velocity, and Momentum Stage 1: On the Move Lab: Calculating Speed and Determining Velocity Stage 2: Speeding Up, Slowing Down, and Lab: Acceleration Spinning Around Stage 3: When Paths Collide Lab: Momentum Field Assignment: Performing Crash Tests Math Connections

70 Expedition3: Fundamental Forces—Forces and the Laws of Motion Stage 1: The Nature of Forces and Inertia Lab: A Touch of Force Stage 2: The Nature of Forces and Acceleration Lab: It’s a Blast Stage 3: Dynamic Fluids Lab: Cartesian Diver Field Assignment: To Infinity and Beyond Math Connections

98 Expedition4: Make It Work—Work, Power, and Machines Stage 1: Let’s Get to Work! Lab: Work Stage 2: There Has to be an Easier Way Lab: Simple Machines Stage 3: Man versus Machine Lab: Complex Machines Field Assignment: Man vs. Machine Math Connections

Connections

34 HistoryUnderwater Cables

68 SportsandTechnologyHome Run

96 ArtsandEntertainmentPhysics of the Circus

130 HistoryThe Renaissance Man Leonardo da Vinci

132 MachinesonExpeditionRemotely Operated Vehicles

Features

136 TheJASONProjectArgonautProgram

138 ForcesandMotionTools

139 Glossary

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2 • Terminal Velocity www.jason.org

Getting Started with Terminal Velocity Developed in collaboration with our partners at National Geographic, NOAA, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, and other leading organi-zations, Terminal Velocity is built on an Expedition framework to capture the energy and excitement of authentic exploration and discovery. The curriculum consists of four captivating Expeditions that provide the real-world challenges, scientific background knowledge, and tools to help you complete each expedition goal.

Let’s take a closer look at the parts of each Expedition!

Expedition GoalsEach Expedition starts with a list of objectives that you will find on this opening page.

Join The TeamYour Expedition begins with an invitation to the join the Host Researcher and Argonaut team. You will work side-by-side with this team as they guide you through your study of physics.

Expedition Briefing ArticlesGather all of your background information and clues through a series of Expedition Briefing Articles that guide you through the science of physics, so that you can com-plete your Expedition goals.

Full-color graphics enhance the description and explana-tion of essential science concepts, so you can clearly see the ideas presented in the briefings.

Fast Facts and ExamplesYou will find interesting things you have never thought of before in Fast Facts and Examples.

Researcher ToolsCheck out the amazing tools that researchers use during their explorations in the field.

Video and Online ResourcesYou will also see icons directing you to the Host Researcher Video, where you will get to know more about the Expedi-tion team leader. Watch for these icons and others. They indicate when you will find multimedia resources online in the JASON Expedition Center.

Introduction ArticleOnce you have your goals and have met the team, each new Expedition will introduce you to a day in the life of the Host Researcher and the unique work that brings this scien-tist face-to-face with physics concepts.

Expedition Briefing VideoSee these adventures come alive in every Expedition Brief-ing Video, which gives an action-packed introduction to the Expedition goals and key science concepts.

Our Ocean PlanetCheck out examples of how physics concepts can be applied to studying the ocean.

Team HighlightsGet an up-close view of the investigations that our Host Researchers and Argonauts conducted during their field work for Terminal Velocity.

Expedition LabsPut your knowledge to work with several hands-on labs in each Expedition. The labs provide opportunities to practice and refine the skills you need in order to complete your expedition goals. In these labs, you will build tools, conduct investigations, collect data, and describe your observations and conclusions in your JASON Journal.

ConnectionsLearn to look for and find the amazing connections between science concepts and other things that you experience in the world around you. Connections highlight thought-provoking links that you can explore between science and human cul-ture, history, geography, math, literature, strange phenom-ena, and other interesting topics.

Field AssignmentField Assignments at the conclusion of each Expedition give you the opportunity to put your new science skills and ideas to work in the field. To complete your Expedition goals, you will need to accomplish the goals set out in a Expedi-tion Challenge, and then provide an analysis during your Expedition Debrief.

Argonaut Videos, Journals, and Photo GalleriesJoin the Argo team as they conduct their field work for se-lected expeditions around the country. Log into the JASON Expedition Center to read the Argonaut journals and take a look at the photo galleries documenting their field experi-ences.

Getting Started with Terminal Velocity • 3

Your Tour of the JASONExpeditionCenterThe JASON Expedition Center is your online hub for Terminal Velocity content and resources and for the Argonaut community. Your JASON experience will come to life through interactive games, digital labs, video segments, your own JASON Journals, and other community resources and tools that support the Expeditions in this book.

Your Resources and ToolsPowerful online tools are always at your fingertips. Use the Digital Library to find any JASON resource quickly and easily. Save and organize your favorites in My Workspace. View assignments and community updates in your Classrooms menu. These resources and more are al-ways accessible through the Tools menu at the top of the JASON Expedition Center page.

The JASONExpeditionCenter Home PageWelcome to your JASON Expedition Center home page. From here you can quickly access all the wonderful JASON tools and resources as you begin your expedition. Take a mo-ment to read the latest JASON news, try a search of the Digital Library, or jump right into Terminal Velocity on the Web.

Create Your Own Free Student Account

If your teacher has made an account for you, simply log into the JASON Expedition Center. Otherwise, follow these simple steps below to create your own account.

1. Go to www.jason.org.2. Look for the JASON Expedition Center

in the upper right corner.3. Click Register.4. Choose “Student” as your role –OR– if

your teacher provided you with a class-room code, click the link to enter it now.

5. Enter a username and select a password for your account that you can easily remember.

4 • Terminal Velocity www.jason.org

My Journals and Other Community ToolsYour student account in the JASON Expedition Center includes an online JASON Journal that allows you to take notes, write about what you have learned, and respond to journal questions during the Expeditions. Other Community Tools include a moderated message board, classroom home pages, and tools to communicate with JASON researchers about their ongoing work in the field.

Interactive GamesVisit the JASON Expedition Center for digital labs and games. Explore the oceans as you apply your knowledge of forces and motion. Navigate ships and ROVs through exciting scenarios around the world.

Online Version of Terminal VelocityThis entire student edition book is also available to you on-line, for easy access anytime, anywhere. You can view any page from any Expedition.

Your Tour of the JASON Expedition Center • 5

Team Info, Videos, and Photo GalleriesLearn more about the Host Researchers and the Argonauts from their biographies and journals. Video segments feature the Expedition teams in action. Photo galleries provide additional views of the researchers and Argonauts at work, as well as stunning collections of more physics concepts in our world.

Your Expedition begins at www.jason.org

Live EventsCommunicate with great explorers through great events. JASON researchers work on the cutting-edge of science and are eager to share their stories of discovery and in-spiration with students around the world.

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