the johns hopkins comparative nonprofit sector project the aotearoa new zealand nonprofit sector in...
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The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
The Aotearoa New The Aotearoa New Zealand Zealand
Nonprofit SectorNonprofit Sectorin Comparative in Comparative
PerspectivePerspective
Lester M. SalamonLester M. Salamon
New ZealandNew ZealandAugust 2008August 2008
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Government Sector
For-Profit Sector
Civil Society Sector
The Global The Global
Associational RevolutionAssociational Revolution
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
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The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Approach:• C
• C
• C
• C
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omparative
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Project Countries
Venezuela Colombia
Brazil Chile
Mexico
Argentina
Slovakia
Hungary
Romania
Poland
Japan
United States
Australia
Israel
Ireland
TheNetherla
nds Austria
Spain
Germany
Finland
Belgium
France
Norway
Italy
United Kingdom
Russia
New Zealand
Canada
Denmark
Egypt
KenyaTanzaniaUgandaSout
h Africa
India
Pakistan
The Philippin
es
Korea
Thailand
Portugal Moroc
coGhana
Peru
Lebanon
Switzerland
Sweden
Czech Republic
Denmark
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Approach :• C
• C
• C
• C
• C
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omparative
ollaborative
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Collaborative• Argentina - Mario Roitter• Australia - Mark Lyons • Austria – Ulrike Schneider• Belgium - Jacques Defourny &
Sybille Mertens• Brazil - Leilah Landim & Neide
Beres• Canada – Michael Hall• Chile – Ignacio Irarrazaval• Colombia - Rodrigo Villar• Czech Republic - Martin Potucek
& Pavol Fric• Denmark – Ole Gregersen &
Thomas Boje• Egypt – Amani Kandil • Finland – Susan Sundback
• France - Edith Archambault• Germany - Annette Zimmer &
Eckhard Priller• Hungary - István Sebestény &
Renata Nagy• India – Rajesh Tandon & S.S.
Srivastava• Ireland - Freda Donoghue• Israel - Benjamin Gidron• Italy – Gian Paolo Barbetta• Japan - Naoto Yamauchi• Kenya – Karuti Kanyinga• Korea, Republic of - Tae-Kyu Park• Lebanon – Hashem el-Husseini• Mexico - Gustavo Verduzco &
CEMEFI
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Collaborative• Morocco - Salama Saidi• The Netherlands - Paul Dekker &
Bob Kuhry• New Zealand - Massey University &
Statistics New Zealand• Norway - Hakon Lorentzen & Karl
Henrik Sivesind• Pakistan – Muhammad Asif Iqbal• Peru - Felipe Portocarrero &
Cynthia Sanborn• The Philippines - Ledivina Cariño• Poland - Ewa Les & Slawomir
Nalecz• Portugal – Raquel Campos Franco• Romania - Carmen Epure
• Russia – Oleg Kazakov• Slovakia - Helena Woleková• South Africa - Mark Swilling• Spain - Jose Ignacio Ruiz
Olabuenaga• Sweden - Tommy Lundstrom &
Filip Wijkstrom• Switzerland – Bernd Helmig• Tanzania - Laurean Ndumbaro
& Amos Mhina• Thailand – Amara Pongsapich• Uganda – John-Jean Barya• United Kingdom – Les Hems &
Karl Wilding• United States - Lester Salamon
& Wojtek Sokolowski• Venezuela – Rosa Amelia
Gonzalez
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Approach :• C
• C
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omparative
ollaborative
onsultative
ommon Definition
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Defining Features
•Organizations
•Private
•Non-Profit Distributing
•Self-Governing
•Non-Compulsory
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Approach :• C
• C
• C
• C
• C
• C
omparative
ollaborative
onsultative
ommon Definitiononsistent Methodology
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Approach :• C
• C
• C
• C
• C
• C
omparative
ollaborative
onsultative
ommon Definitiononsistent Methodologyuantitativo
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Global Civil Society, Volume Two
Order Information: Kumarian Press, www.kpbooks.com
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Measuring Civil Society and Volunteering
For more information visit www.jhu.edu/ccss/unhandbook
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Finding 1:
A Major Economic Force
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
The Scale of Nonprofit Activity,
New Zealand
9.6% of economically active population
201,000 full time equivalent jobs
NZ $10 billion in operating expenditures
4.9% of GDP
(67,000 Paid Workers; 134,000 FTE Volunteers)
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Nonprofit workforce as a share of the economically active population, by country
3.2% 6.4% 9.6%New Zealand
2.4%
2.8%
2.6%
2.6%
3.2%
3.7%
2.8%
4.6%
2.2%
4.9%
5.8%
5.9%
2.5%
6.4%
8.6%
5.1%
8.6%
10.2%
9.0%
10.1%
1.8%
1.5%
2.4%
3.1%
2.7%
3.0%
4.5%
3.0%
5.6%
3.9%
3.0%
3.1%
7.0%
3.1%
2.3%
5.8%
2.4%
1.3%
3.2%
5.8%
4.3%4.3%
5.0%5.7%5.9%
6.8%7.3%
7.6%7.8%
8.8%8.9%9.0%
9.6%9.6%
10.9%11.0%11.0%
11.4%12.3%
15.9%
ItalySpainChile
FinlandArgentinaGermany
NorwayAustralia
AustriaDenmark
United StatesFrance
SwedenJapan
IrelandUnited Kingdom
BelgiumIsrael
CanadaNetherlands
3.3% 2.3% 5.6%41 countries
Paid Staff
Volunteers
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Nonprofit workforce as a share of the economically active population, by country
Paid Staff
Volunteers
0.7%0.9%1.0%1.0%
1.5%1.5%1.7%1.9%1.9%2.0%2.1%2.1%2.3%2.4%
3.2%3.3%3.4%
4.2%4.2%4.2%
5.6%
RomaniaPoland
PakistanSlovakiaMorocco
IndiaCzech Republic
PhilippinesTanzaniaHungary
PeruKenya
ColombiaUganda
EgyptBrazil
South AfricaMexico
PortugalKorea, Rep. of
41 countries
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Construction 74,700
Transport & Communications 77,400
Manufacturing 221,050
Employment in NPIs vs. Selected Industries in New
Zealand, 2004
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000
Paid Employees
Volunteers
200,60566,806 133,799NPIs
6,500Utilities
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Finding 2:
Significant Volunteer Presence
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector ProjectVolunteers as Share of NPO Workforce
New Zealand vs. Country Groups
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
42%41-country average
28%
35%
37%
40%
43%
44%
48%
56%
58%
Eastern European
Welfare Partnership
Asian Industrialized
Australia
Latin America
Other Developing
Anglo-Saxon
African
Nordic
67%New Zealand
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Finding 3:
A Diverse Sector
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Roles and Functions•Service Provision•Advocacy•Expression •Community-Building•Value Guardian
Source: Lester M. Salamon, The State of Nonprofit America(Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2002)
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Two Broad Nonprofit Functions
• Education • Health • Social Services • Development and Housing
Culture, Sports and Recreation Environmental Protection Civic and Advocacy Unions, Professional and Business
Associations Religion
Service
Expressive
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Distribution of the Nonprofit Workforce, by Field, NZ vs. 39-Country Average
2%
0%
0%
8%
12%
19%
21%
21%
17%
2%
37%
60%
2%
3%
3%
7%
8%
16%
16%
20%
25%
Other
Other, Māori Expression
Other, Māori Services
Development, Housing
Health
Social Services
Education, Research
Membership Associations
Culture & Recreation
2%
49%
50%
Other
Expressive Role
Service Role
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
New Zealand
39-Country Average
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Distribution of New Zealand Nonprofit Workforce, Paid vs. Volunteer Staff
2%
5%
4%
23%
29%
15%
8%
2%
57%
41%
2%
0%
14%
15%
16%
19%
30%
Other
Māori Based
Health
Membership Associations
Culture & Recreation
Education & Research
Social Services
2%
31%
67%
Other
Expressive Role
Service Role
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Paid
Volunteer
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Finding 4:
Unusual Revenue
Structure
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Sources of Nonprofit revenue, New Zealand 2004
25%Government
20%Philanthropy
55% Fees
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Sources of Nonprofit Revenue,New Zealand Vs. Country Groups
25% 20% 55%New Zealand
16%
19%
20%
32%
34%
35%
36%
36%
42%
54%
24%
14%
25%
10%
10%
8%
14%
15%
19%
10%
61%
67%
55%
58%
56%
57%
50%
50%
39%
36%
Other Developing
Latin American
African
Australia
Asian Industrialised
Nordic
Anglo-Saxon
38-Country Average
Eastern European
Welfare Partnership
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Government
Philanthropy
Fees
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Finding 5:
A Fragile Organism
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
“…the science of association is the mother of all science; the progress of all the rest depends on the progress it has made.”
-- Alexis de Tocqueville
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
More Information and Publications at:
www.jhu.edu/ccss
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