Version 7 (2015-03-11)JOUYOU KANJI SORTED BY TOPIC,SHOWING FREQUENTLY CONFUSED KANJIplusDO IT YOURSELF KANJI FLASHCARDSDifferentiating among kanji is a vital part of learning and remembering them. One reason you may not be able to recognize a kanji is that several similar kanji may be conflicting in your mind. Learning kanji is not only a matter of recognizing patterns of strokes, but also of differentiating among closely-resembling kanji. Comparison is often the only way to become aware of slight distinctions among the kanji. At a glance, can you see the difference between (net) and (rope)? This document contains a list of Jouyou (1981) kanji, minus a few rarely used characters, plus a few frequently used non-Jouyou characters. The kanji are sorted by Topic Category (a list of the topic categories is presented on page 165). For ease of memorizing, each kanji is given a simple English Label. The English Label is just a memory aid and not a full definition of the character. The English Labels usually are a single word, and only when a kanji has highly divergent meanings, will the English Label consist of more than one word. If a kanji has more than one English Label, it will appear under a different Topic Category for each Label. Thus, kanji with three Labels will appear under three Topic Categories.If a kanji was frequently confused with other kanji, those kanji are listed in the column "Frequently Confused Kanji". The Frequently Confused Kanji are always visually similar to the listed kanji, though a few are also similar in meaning.For aid in searching by meaning, in English, a column has been added of English synonyms [this column is not complete, and user can add to it for his own use].Since some kanji are related by both sound and meaning, a final column shows kanji that are both homonyms and synonyms of each other. That information should help reduce confusions while learning the kanji.The kanji list is also presented in Do It Yourself flashcard format, starting on page 167.How to use this list: (1) memorize the simple English Label for each kanji. (2) You can use the Topic Category to look at kanji with similar meanings. (3) When practicing kanji or when reading, and you mistake a kanji meaning, look under the column "Frequently Confused Kanji" to see what kanji might be conflicting with it in your mind. Note: In MS Word, when you use the Search function to find a word, use the "Find whole words only" option (under "More >>" in the Search and Replace box). In MS Word you can also select a single column, and then search only within that column.JOUYOU KANJI SORTED BY TOPIC,SHOWING FREQUENTLY CONFUSED KANJITopic CategoryKanjiEnglish LabelOnyomiKunyomiFrequently Confused KanjiEnglish SynonymsKanji that are both homonyms & synonymsacademicscram schooljuku= ripen, acquire skilltutoring;juku= [] ripen, acquire skillschoolkougraduatesotsucollege degree;diplomateachjusazukeru, sazukaruteachkyouoshieru, osowaruhistoryshi= use; send = official, [an]= convenient= again, grow latehistoryreki = [] calendaraccomplish/finish/endgoaltekimato= promisemark; objective; object; targetripen; acquire skilljukuureru= cram school= fevermature; finish; skill; learnaccomplishsuitogerucomplete; finishachievekou, ku= skilleffect;accomplish;achievementsseki= accumulatefinishryou= previously; expectation= hear [be told]ripen; acquire skilljukuureru= cram school= fevermature; finish; skill; learnfruit; fruitionkahatasu, hateru, hatefruit; fruition; accomplish; finish; conclude; conclusioncompletekan= religioncome to an end; be paidsaisumu, sumasucome to an end; be paid; sumgrow dark; come to an end; livebokureru, kurasu= curtainendmatsu, batsusue= not yetendshuuowaru, oerushore; end; limitgaiaccuseaccuseshousue; accusesouttaerusue; accusesouttaerublamesekisemeru= green; blue, unripe= trueadd/subtractaddkakuwaeru, kuwawaru= asappendtensoeru, souanalysis/solutiondivide; analyzeseki= praycauseinyoru= worryintentionshikokorozasu, kokorozashiaimless; involuntarymanplankikuwadateruplanan= softplansakuplanbou, muhakaruuntie; solvekai, getoku, tokasu, tokeruuntie; solve; unpackinferosu= rightsintuitionkananimalanimaljuukemono= huntdomesticateshikaubirdchoutorichickenkeiniwatoriwingyokutsubasafeatheruha, hane= weaknestsoususimpleflockgunmureru, mure, mura= countyporktonbutacowgyuuushi= noonsheepyouhitsujihorsebauma, mapoor quality; pack horsedacatbyouneko= obtaindogkeninuinsectchuumushielder brother; insects; laterkon= allfireflykeihotarumosquitokasilkwormsankaikococoonkenmayuelephantshou, zoumonkeyensarusnakeja, dahebidragonryuushellfishkaishellfish; intervenekaifishgyouo, sakanawhalegeikujirayeastkoutailbio= hairappropriatefitgou, ga', ka'au, awasu, awaseru= meetsuitabletekiarts/handicraftsartgei= meetpicturega, kaku= facepicturekai, esong; bendkyokumagaru, mageru= reasonsongkauta, utaucarvechouhoruchisel, [to~]kokukizamuask/inciteask (request)kyuumotomeruask [for]sei, shinkou, ukeruask [for]; entrustraitanomu, tanomoshii, tayoru= requestdemandju= spiritrequestgannegau= ask [for]; entrustsummonshoumesu (honorific)= nameencouragereihagemu, hagemasuencourageshouenticeyuusasou= boastentice; asktemptsasosonokasuinviteshoumanekurecommendkansusumeru= pleasure= move= work= [] recommendrecommendsensusumeru= [] recommenddeliberation; proposalgi= transfer; yieldurge [someone forward]sokuunagasuurge [someone forward]; approachhakusemaru= pursuebad/goodbadaku, owaruicrime; sinzaitsuminegativehiinanegativehiethics; companionrinbeauty/elegancebeautybiutsukushii= justicegood; beautifulkaelegantga= maleelegant; splendidgist; elegance; appearanceshuomomuki= fascinate, [to]= avoid= playexquisitemyoulovelyreiuruwashiigracefulshukustrength; splendorgou= melancholy= backsplendor; splendidChinese; flower; showyka, kehanatemper; polish; trainren= practicecosmeticsshoubind/compressbundlesokutaba= easttieketsumusubu, yuu, yuwaeru= tie togethertiebakushibarutie togetherkatsu= tietwist [braid]; edithenamuexamine [inquire]; twistkyuuget entangledrakukaramu, karamaru= order; status= tieuntie; solvekai, getoku, tokasu, tokeruroom; clusterboufusafoldsetsuoru, ori, oreru= pray= extractsong; bendkyokumagaru, mageru= reasonpacked; rebukekitsutsumeru, tsumaru, tsumucrowdedkomu, komeruwraphoutsutsumuembraceyouhughoudaku, idaku, kakaerumergeheiawaseruattachfutsukeru, tsuku= attachattachfu= attachtightenteishimaru, shimerutighten; tie; close[] closewringsakushiboru= [] wringwringkoushiboru, shimeru, shimaru= compare= crest [family]; pattern=[]wring=[] tightenslackenkanyurui, yuruyaka, yurumu, yurumeruslacken; loosebodybodytai, teikarada= restbodyshinmi= be; haveheadtou, zu, toatama, kashirafacemenomo, omote, tsura= picturefacegankaoeyemoku, bokume, maeyegan, genmanako= sleepearjimiminosebihana= stinkmouthkou, kukuchilipsshinkuchibiru= humiliateneckshukubichestkyoumune, munashoulderkenkatalimbshiarmwanudehandshute, tafingershiyubi, sasu= gist= fatpalm; administershou= raisebackhaise, sei, somuku, somukeru= collegueloinsyoukoshiloins; hiplegkyaku, kyaashi= contrary; repelfoot; enoughsokuashi, tariru, taru, tasuskinhikawaskinfu= thoughtskin; dispositionhadahairmouke= tailhair [head]hatsukamibonekotsuhonerib; unit of arease, unefattai, tafutoi, futorufatshiaburafat, [animal~]boubloodketsuchiartery; blood vesselmyaku= groupartery; blood vesselmyaku= groupbrainnoutonguezetsushitatoothshihaentrailszoulungshaiheartshinkokorostomachistomachfukuharaintestineschougall bladdertan= gall bladderliverkankimouterushouwombtaimarrowzuimembranemaku= swelltendonkinsuji= section= example [pattern]sweatkanase= juicetearsruinamida= leakurinenyoubreathsokuikivoicesei, shoukoe, kowabuildings/structuresbridgekyouhashidormitoryryou= colleaguecastlejoushirohouseka, keie, yahousetakuhousesharoof; house; shop; personokuya= roomresidenceteitemple; palacekyuu, guu, kumiya= manage;= authority, [governmental]villasouinnshukuyado, yadoru, yadosupaviliontei= stoppublic buildingkan= authority, [governmental]wallhekikabedikehanfenceheistationekitemplejiteratemple; palacekyuu, guu, kumiya= manage;= authority, [governmental]temple; [meeting] halldou= usual= managetowertoutowerrou= vicinitytower; (government) cabinetkakushoptenmiseroof;house; shop; personokuya= roomshop [a]; pavement (stone)ho= supply; compensate [for]cornerstonesoishizueeaveskennoki= ridge polefoundationkimoto, motoi= very= gravegatesmonkadohallrou= sonparapetruiroof; house; shopokuya= roomroomshitsumuro= roof; house; shop= plug uptemple; [meeting] halldou= usualroom; clusterboufusastepsdan= leisure, [at~]windowsoumado= generalpillarchuuhashiraridge poletoumune, muna= eavesframe [wood]sanbuildken, kontateru, tatsu= healthybuildchikukizukuhang; build(bridge)kakakeru, kakaruconstruct, worry [care]koukamaeru, kamauhang; build (bridge)kakakeru, kakarugive birth; propertysanumu, umareru, ubucall/announcecallkoyobucall; invitecallkanchirpmeinaku, naru, narasucalm/quiet/peacecalmonodayakacalm, [to make~]chinshizumeru, shizumaru= disordered= bell= [] quietpeacewa, oyawaragu, yawarageru, nagomu, nagoyakapeacetai= rampage= respectgovern; peace; healji, chiosameru, osamaru, naoru, naosu= swamp= lined-up alongsidepeaceful; ratherneiquietsei, joushizu, shizuka, shizumaru, shizumeru= [, ] calmquiet; depthyuuquietlyshukusilencemokudamaru= as, likeexcel; gentleyuuyasashii, sugureruchanceaccidentallyguugambleto;kakeru; kakecommand; fatemei, myouinochichange size/heightdecreasegenheru, herasudecreasemou, koushrinkshukuchijimu, chijimaru, chijimeru, chijireru, chijirasuincreasezoumasu, fueru, fuyasu= layer= [] increaseincreaseshokufueru, fuyasu= [] increaseprosperity; [a] riseryuu= sewlowteihikui, hikumeru, hikumaru= resistshorttanmijikaismallshouchiisai, ko, ocharity/benevolence/gratitudebenevolencetokudonorgosend; donatekentsukau, tsukawasu= bequeathbequeathi, yui= send; donatecharityjin, nikindnesson= thinkfavor, [bestow a~]kei, emegumugiftzou, souokuruhelpsahelpjotasukeru, tasukaru, suke= takehelpfuhelpen= brandishhelp [rescue]kyuusukuu= narrate= sphere= scattertest; beneficial effectken, gen= investigate= thrifty= steepmercyjiitsukushimucondolechoutomurauconsoleinagusameru, nagusamulenientkanserious; cordialtokucongratulationsga= goods; freightrejoice; congratulatekeithanksrei, rai= tagclear/bright/pureclearshouclear [obvious]kenclear upseihareru, harasuclear, [become~]chousumu, sumasufresh; clearsenazayakabrightmei, myouakari, akarui, akarumu, akaramu, akiraka, akeru, aku, akuru, akasubright; cheerfulrouhogarakashineshouaki;akira; kasu; kasumi; teru= shine= [, ] shineshineshouteru, terasu, tereru= condition= [, ] shineshinekikagayakupurejoupuresei, shoukiyoi, kiyomaru, kiyomeru= picklepurejun= dullpure; manlyketsuisagiyoipurificationsaipuritysuiclothingclothesikoromoclothes; obeyfuku= sleepbelt [obi]taiobiru, obibeginning; thongsho, choo= variouscapbou= registercollarkineri= prohibitshoeskakutsupocketkaifutokoro, natsukashii, natsukashimu, natsuku, natsukeruwearchaku, jakukiru, kiseru, tsuku, tsukeru= distinction= foster; recuperatewear; arrive; reachwear [shoes, pants]rihaku= cover; concealwear; feignsou, shouyosouu= bagwear; masknuderahadaka= sectionnude; omitdatsunugu, nugeru= celebratespinboutsumuguweaveshoku, shikioru= employmentspread; clothfununo= marketthreadshiito= system; lineage= person in chargesilkkenkinusilk gauzeracottonmenwataleatherkakukawawoolenkatsucolorcolorsaiirodorucolorshoku, shikiiro= exemptionredtan= boatgreen; blue; unripesei, shouao, aoi= blamedark bluekongreenryoku, rokumidori= relation; edgegreen; blue; unripesei, shouao, aoi= blamepurpleshimurasakiredseki, shakuaka, akai, akaramu, akarameru= mark red (scarlet)kou, kubeni, kurenaiscarletshu= arrowyellowkou, ouki, kowhitehaku, byakushiro, shira, shiroiblackkokukuro, kuroi= ink [black]= silencedarkankuraicommon equipmentaxis; [picture] scrolljikubaghyoutawarabagtaifukuro= wear; feignbarrelsou= meetbladejinhabookhonmotobottlebinbowkyuuyumi= selfbowlhachi, hatsubowstringgentsuruboxhako= register, [family~]brush, [writing]hitsufudecarshakurumachainsakusari= potassium nitrate [gunpowder]= disorderedmachine; fetterskaidagger toukatanafansenougi= doorflag, [a]kihata= rotatefurnacerohook, [fishing]choutsuruladleshakulamptouhilockjoumapzu, tohakaru= districtmirrorkyoukagamipattern; mirrorkanpattern; mirror; specimen; learn from; take warning fromneedleshinharinetmouami= ropepapershikamipedestaldai, taipipetoutsutsu= single; counter for inanimate objectspipekankudadialect; valveben= rise uppivotsuupotterytoumagnet; porcelainjiplatesaraplatterbontrayban= keep watch overpolebouropeiropekoutsuna= netropejounawasearch for; cordsakuspindlesuitsumutatami matjoutatamu, tatamitin cankantoolgu= prefecture= truetoolkiutsuwasharpenkentoguumbrellasankasawedge, [a]; administrationkatsuwellsei, shouiwheelrinwa= transportcommunicateannouncekokutsugeruannounce; publish; tell; reportannouncesen= good [appropriate]saygen, goniu, kotosaykei= wisdomstate; explain; oldchin= military campmentionjutsunoberu= respondarrive; notifytodokeru, todoku= bend [yield]confershihakarudiscussdandiscussionron= lecture= chastisehear [be told]shouuketamawaru= finishinformationhoumukuiruprinthanprintingsatsusurupublishkan= punishpublishkeikakageruride; publishsainoseru, noru= surplustransmitdentsutawaru, tsutaeru, tsutaudecide; stamphan, ban= profit= accompanyanswertoukotaeru, kotaerespondou= mentioncomparecomparehikuraberucomparekakukuraberu= wring= crest [family]; patterndifferent, [be]ikoto= accumulationdifferent; be mistakenichigau, chigaeruequalsei= medicine; dose= come to an end; be paidexamplereitatoeru= rowexample [pattern]han= register, [family~]= box= tendon= sectionkindrui= numberoppositegyakusaka, sakarausamedouonajiresemblejiniruresembleshou= hit= extinguishcondition/attitude/existenceconditiontai[not a Jouyou kanji] = bear= ability= shinecondition; attitudeconditionkyoucondition; formjou= circumstanceMr.; manner; conditionyousama= hit= Ioccasionsaikiwa= abrade= surmise; understandorder [sequence]; occasionjuncircumstanceken= condition; form= responsibility= servecircumstancekoyueemotion; circumstancejou, seinasakeeffectkoukikuserious; cordialtokuelementaryso, su= chart= search for; cordelementary; simplefree, [to~]houhanasu, hanatsu, hanarerustaytai [stay, stopping over]todokouruhold; stayryuu, rutomeru, tomaru= [] stop= [] stop= [] [stop] overnightresidejuusumu, sumauresidekyoiruquasi; ratifyjunrarechinmezurashiisimpletan= earlysimplebokusimplekanemptykyo, ko= spiritempty; skykuusora, aku, akeru, karaalonekarecruitalonedokuhitorilifekatsulifesei, shouikiru, ikasu, ikeru, umareru, umu, ou, haeru, hayasu, ki, nama= sacrificegrow dark; come to an end; livebokureru, kurasu= curtainexistzaiaru= pressureexistson, zonbe; haveyuu, uaru= bodybecomesei, jounaru, nasu= stylebecome; to form (nasu)proceed; becomefuomomukuborn, [be~]tan= prolongconflict/aggressionconflictsouarasou= quietopposekouagainst [opposed]tai, tsuiagainst, [anti-]han, hon, tansoru, sorasu= temporary= against [opposed]= reply= skinagainst; negativecontrary; repelkyaku= immediately= legenemytekikatakicompetekyou, keikisou, serudescend; surrenderkouoriru, orosu, furu= [] downencroachshinokasushellfish; intervenekaithreatkakuauthority; threatithreatenkyouobiyakasu, odosu, odokasu= mulberry treechallengechouidomu= sign, trillion= excludearrestkouarrest [apprehend]taiattackbatsu= change= attach= [] punishattackkousemeru= reform = governmentattackshuuoso.u= attackattacktouutsu= attach= [] attackattackgekiutsu= attack= [] attackfighttoutatakau= cliquecollideshoubrandishki= help= sweepbrandish; shakestubborngan= divide= daringtenaciousshitsu, shuutoru= [] take up= [] take= [] steal= [] catchdefeathaiyaburerudefeat; losefumakeru, makasu, oudefeat; losefumakeru, makasu, ouconjunctionsasjo, nyo= addas, likezen, nenfurthermore; respectshoumoreovertadashiandkatsuconsentbend [yield]kutsu= arrive; notifytransfer; yieldjouyuzuru= deliberation; proposalconsentdakurecognize; approve ofninmitomeruquasi; ratifyjunrecognize; approve ofninmitomeruexemptionmenmanukareru= colorpermitkyoyurusucooking/firingboilfutsuwaku, wakasuboilshaniru, nieru, niyasubrewjoukamosucooksuitakuhoist; fryyouageru, agaru= placegrill, [to~]shouyaku, yakeruburnnenmoeru, moyasu, mosukilnyoukama= plug upsmokeenkemuru, kemuri, kemuicooperationagree tokou= tribute money; supportagreement; clause [legal]kanagreement; praisesantasukeru; tataeruexchange= submergealliance; oathmeicorrect/judgementcorrectze= offer; proposition= topic= decidecorrectsei, shoutadashii, tadasu, masatip; correcttanhashi, ha, hatacorrect, [to~]tei= measurecorrect, [to]kyoutameruapologizeshaayamarutwist [braid]; edithenamucriticismhicriticizehyou= detailedpatheticaiaware, awaremu= heart [mind]= grow weakcounters/numbersingle; counter for inanimate objectska= hard= pipe= individualcounter for bookssatsu, sakucounter for cupfulshaisakazuki= name [title]; praise= stockscounter for sheetsmai= name [title]; praisecounter for shipssekiequal; counter for small animalshitsuhikifloor of a buildingkaiindividualko= hard= single; counter for inanimate objectssingle; counter for inanimate objectska= hard= pipe= individualyears oldsai, sei= decidecalculatesantimeskai, emawaru, mawasuonlyyui, iequal; counter for small animalshitsuhikinumbergounumbersuu, sukazu, kazoeru= kindnumber (order)ban= examine number prefixdai= younger brotherzero; spillrei= cloud= spirit= fogoneichi, itsuhito, hitotsuone, [the number]ichitwonifuta, futatsutwo, [number]ninumber two in a seriesotsuthreesanmi, mitsu, mittsuvisit (a doctor); threesanmairu= disciplinethird in a seriesheifourshiyo, yotsu, yottsu, yonfivegoitsu, itsutsusixrokumu, mutsu, muttsu, muisevenshichinana, nanatsu, nanoeighthachiya, yatsu, yattsu, youninekyuu, kukokono, kokonotsutenjuu, ji'tou, tohundredhyakuthousandsenchi= drythousandthrinten thousandman, banhundred millionokusign/symbolssign; trillionchoukizasu, kizashi= challenge= excludecover/concealcover; concealfukuouu, kutsugaesu, kutsugaeru= hegemony= wear [shoes, pants]cover; suffer [incur]hikoumuru= tear [rip]plug upchitsu= room= kilnplug, [a]sencover; concealfukuouu, kutsugaesu, kutsugaeru= hegemony= wear [shoes, pants]spyteicrime/deceitcrimehanokasucrime; sinzaitsumikidnapkaistealtounusumu= prosper= [] take up= [] take hold= [] take= [] catchstealsetsuprisongokurobber; rebelzoku= tribute [monthly]deceitgiazamukuwear; feignsou, shouyosouu= baglie [deceive]sa= makelie [a]giitsuwaru, nise= docustomary/unusual/strangecustoms, [folk]zoku= formusualjoutsune, toko= temple; [meeting] hall= manage= authority [governmental]usual; frequent; often; ordinary; normalstandardjunstandardkihabithekikusehabit; trait; character; characteristicfascinate, [to~]mi= gist; elegance; appearance= flavor mysteriousgen= thread= system; lineagephantasmgenmaboroshi= infantstrangekidubious; strangekaiayashii, ayashimulunatickyoukuruu, kuruoshiilunatic; crazy; insanedanger/riskdangerouskiabunai, ayaui, ayabumu= disasterdanger; fearosorerisk, [to]bouokasu= crystallinedaringkan= stubborn= dividedeath/burialdeathshishinudieseiyukukillsatsu, sai, setsukorosumournkiimu, imawashiimourn; abominabledeceasedbou, mounaighostkionispiritrei, ryoutama= emptycoffinkangravebohaka= foundationtombstonehi= clodmausoleumryoumisasagitombfundestroy/collapse/disintegratebreaksaikudaku, kudakeru= clear [land]fall to ruin; destroymetsuhorobiru, horobosu= decreaseeradicatezetsutaeru, tayasu, tatsuextinguishshoukieru, kesu= thin (of a fluid)whittle down; delete; curtailsakukezurutear [rip]hayaburu, yabureru= cover; suffer [incur]tear [rip]retsusaku, sakeru= make= wear; feigntear downkaikowasu, kowareruwhittle down; delete; curtailsakukezurucollapsehoukuzureru, kuzusufallda[ochiru] rare=[] fall[] fall[] fallfalltsuiochiru= break ground (farm)= hillock=[] fall[] fall[] fallfallrakuochiru, otosu[] fall[] fall[] fallfallkanochiiru, otoshiireru=[] fall[] fall[] fallfall downtoutaoreru, taosu= side= rule= arrivefall to ruin; destroymetsuhorobiru, horobosu= decreaseprostratedfukufuseru, fusu= condition; formmeltyoutokeru, tokasu, toku= wash (bathe)dissolveyuu= interpose [insert]; become estrangedrotkyuukuchirurotfukusaru, kusareru, kusarasuwanehaisutareru, sutaruwitherkokareru, karasu= branchdetaileddetailedshoukuwashii= criticizedig/bury/holedigkutsuhoru= canal [ditch]= clumsyburymaiumeru, umaru, umoreruburysouhoumuruholekou=boy= holeholeketsuana= hole= superfluoushole; Confuciuskou= milk= tagdiscoursecompose a poemeiyomunarratejo= help [rescue]narrative [history]ki= [] write downsayshinmousutalkwahanasu, hanashitalk; speaktalkgo [word]kataru, katarautalk; wordtranslateyakuwakewriteshokakuwrite downkishirusu= [] narrative [history]chaptershou= injury; hindercharacter, [written]jiaza= heavencharacter, [written]bun, monfumi= stand up= mixwordsshiquit; term [word]jiyameruparagraphkou= lean= about [time]; toward= summit; receiveexplanationshakustate; explain; oldchin= military campcharthyouomote, arawasu, arawareru= elementarylecturekou= humility= discussion= defendpoemshirhymeinprefacejosummaryshouabbreviationryaku= thintake [a photo]; pick; summarizesatsutoru= mostopinionsetsu, zeitokuoffer; propositionteisageru= correct= decideoffer; proposition; proposetopicdai= correctabove-statedgai= nucleuscertainkakutashika, tashikamerucertain; hardcertain, [a]bou= sweetdialect; valveben= rise updistinguish/choosedistinctionsasasu= weardiscriminate; knowshiki= employment= weavepeaceful; ratherneidecidetei, jousadameru, sadamaru, sadaka= correct= offer; propositiondecide; judgedecidedantatsu, kotowaru= inheritdecide; separatedecideketsukimeru, kimaru= next= cheerfuldecidesaitatsu, sabaku= wear; feigndecide; stamphan, ban= profit= accompanyjusticegi= sacrifice (ceremony)= rights= beautydeliberation; proposalgi= transfer; yieldchoosetaku= [] selecttake [a photo]; pick; summarizesatsutoru= mostselectsenerabu= [] choosedividedivideboudividekatsuwaru, wari, wareru, saku= injurydivide; distributehan= stubborn= daringpart [of]; divide;be separated; understandbun, fun, buwakeru, wakatsu, wakareru, wakaru divide; analyzeseki= prayseparatebetsuwakareruseparate; keep apartrihanareru, hanasu= difficultpart [of]; divide; be separated; understandbun, fun, buwakeru, wakatsu, wakareru, wakaru distributehaikubarudivide; distributehan= stubborn= daringfill; allotjuuateru= governdodoi= liedo [deferential]chiitasu= arrive; utmost; lead to= arrivegive; carry outshi, sehodokosu= travelstep; realize; put into practicesen= stepstep; realize; put into practicesen= stepengage [in]; settle [into]; concerning shuu, jutsuku, tsukeruundertaking, [an]gyou, gouwaza= I= Mr.; manner; condition= prizedocumentdocumentshiarticlehinshinainscriptionmeirecordroku= relation; edgemusic, [sheet]; [a] recordfu= general= chantregister [book]bo= thin [weak]= feudal lordregister, [a]chou= capregister, [family~]seki= box= examplesectionka= materials= diagonalsectionsetsu, sechifushi= tendonsectionka= nude= fruit, fruitionclauseku= manage= ten-day period (of the month) = possible= whatclausejou = cheapclauseku= manage= ten-day period (of the month) = possible= whatclausejou = cheapagreement; clause [legal]kandraftkou= bridgedropdropsuitareru, tarasu= ridedriptekishizuku, shitataruduty/responsibilitydutymutsutomeru= doubtduty; officeresponsibilityninmakaseru, makasu= serve= company [business]easy/difficulteasyeki, iyasashii= positive; male; sunconvenientben, bintayori= official, [an]= again, grow late= history= use; senddifficultnankatai, muzukashii= separate; keep aparteffort/energy/enduranceeffortdotsutomerueffortbenexertkyuuoyobu , oyobi, oyobosu = handle [deal with]spiritsei, shouspiritedyuuisamuendureninshinobu, shinobaseruendurekan taeru, koraeru= [] endureenduretaitaeru= [] endureentertainment/performancedramagekigo [chess] kigo [Japanese chess]gomovie; reflect; project eiutsuru, utsusu, haerumusic,[sheet]; [a] recordfu= general= chantbellrei, rinsuzubellshoukane= calmdrumkotsuzumiflutetekifuekoto [musical instrument]kinkotoperformenentertainkou, kyouokoru, okosuenclosure; red light districtkaku= capital= county= part chantshoutonaeruchantyouutai, utau= music, [sheet]; [a] recorddancebumau, maimusic, [play~]soukanaderureciteginevil/misfortuneevilhei= cashevil; misfortunekyouwickedjawitchmacalamitykadisastersaiwazawaidisaster; misfortuneyaku= dangerousevil; misfortunekyoudisaster; misfortuneyaku= dangerousexceed/excessiveextreme, [an]kyoku, gokukiwameru, kiwamaru, kiwami= [] reach an extremereach a [desperate] extremekyuukiwameru, kiwamaru= [] extreme, [an]remainderzannokoru, nokosu= especially, particularlyleft overyoamaru, amasu= slowlygrow thickmoshigeru= grasssatedhouakiru, akasu= decorate= starvesuperfluousjou= holesurplusjou= ride; publishsurplusyuuexchangeexchangekankaeru, kawaruexchange; charge; period= [] change= [] exchange= [] exchangeexchangetaikaeru, kawaru= agreement; praise= [] change= [] exchange= [] exchangeexchange; period [of time]; feedai, taikawaru, kaeru, yo, shiro= attack= attach= protect; guard= [] change= [] exchange= [] exchangechangehenkawaru, kaeru= love= [] exchange= [] exchange= [] exchangereformkaiaratameru, aratamaru= princess= attacktradeboutransfer; yieldjouyuzuru= deliberation; proposalturn overhonhirugaeru, hirugaesuact in place of; takesetsuturn [oneself] intoka, kebakeru, bakasuturn into; bewitchexclude/avoidexcludehaiexcludejo, jinozoku= slowly= hideexclude; block; removeexpungematsuhampersohabamuhamper; blockretreat; repelsekicontrary; repelkyaku= immediately= legblockbousamatagerublockshasaegiru= allshun; estrangedsoutoi, utomuinterpose [insert]; become estrangedkakuhedateru, hedataru= dissolveshun; estrangedsoutoi, utomunude; omitdatsunugu, nugeru= celebratepreventboufuseguprohibitkin= collarprohibit; forbiddenrefusekyokobamuresisttei= lowwhittle down;delete; curtailsakukezuruavoidhisakeru= gist; elegance; appearance= playdiscreet [be]; refrainshintsutsushimu[near synonym]= [] respectful, [be]escapetounigeru, nigasu, nogasu, nogareruretreat; repelsekihidetokuhideinkakusu, kakureru= hurry= exclude= positive; male; sunsubmerge; lurksenhisomu, moguru= exchange= agreement; praisesecretmitsusecrethihimeruset asideso= borrowexpandexpandtenswellboufukuramu, fukureru= membraneswellchouspreadfushikuspread; clothfununo= marketbroadenkaku=pay; wipebroaden; spreadprolongennobiru, noberu, nobasu= courts= born, [be~]= [] stretchfamilysystem; lineagekeigenerationssei, seyoancestorso= coarseparentshinoya, shitashii, shitashimuparent; intimate; relationfatherfuchichimotherbohahahusbandfu, fuuottowifesaitsumawifefuunclehaku= clapuncleshuku= lonely= narrate elder brother; insects; laterkon= allolder brotherkei, kyouani= conquerolder sistershianeyounger brothertei, dai, deotouto= number prefixyounger sistermaiimoutosonroudaughtermusumedaughter; girl; womangrandchildsonmago= person in chargeperson in charge; connection; relationbridegroomseimukomarriageinmarriagekonmarry [a man]kayome, totsugufilial pietykou= old, [grow~]= thinkheirshiinheritkeitsugu= decidehome countryhouhome townkyou, gousurnameshiujisurnamesei, shoufarmingfarmingnouraise animalschiku= store, [to]; save= foster; recuperatebreak ground (farm)kon= fallclear [ land]taku= breakcultivatebaitsuchikauplant, [to~]shokuueru, uwaruplantingsaiplowkoutagayasureapkarufieldgenharafieldyanofield, [tilled~]hata, hatakegardenensono= spheregardenteiniwapasturebokumakirice paddydentaclodkaikatamari= tombstonefertilizerhikoeru, koe, koyashi, koyasufertilizer; enriched; fat; wealthyfat/thin/narrow/widenarrowkyousemai, sebameru, sebamaruslendersenthinsaihosoi, hosoru, komaka, komakai= abbreviationthickkouatsuiwidekouhiroi, hiromaru, hiromeru, hirogaru, hirogeru= broadenwide; spreadfearfearkyouosoreru, osoroshiidanger; fearosorefrighteningfukowaifrightening; fear; worryfierce/intensefiercemouviolentgekihageshiiviolentkouarai, areru, arasu= flusteredfevernetsuatsui= ripen, acquire skill []hotrampagebou, bakuabaku, abareru= peaceriotranmidareru, midasufood/eatingfoodryou, roukatealcohol [drink]shusake, sakadairy productsrakumilknyuuchichi, chi= holejuicejuushiru= sweatmeatnikupickletsukeru, tsukaru= purevinegarsakususaltenshiosugartouteacha, sawine, [pour~]shakukumuspicyshinkarai= happinessconsume [at a coffee shop]kitsu= pure= promiseeat; mealshoku, jikikuu, kurau, taberudrunk, [get~]suiyouhungrykiueru= [] starvestarvega= sated= [] hungrythirstkatsukawaku= beachmealhanmeshieat; mealshoku, jikikuu, kurau, taberubanquetenfrequencyfullness; frequenthanwithout failhitsukanarazurepeatedlyhin= guestrepeatedly; frequenttemporaryzanshibaraku= wisdomtemporaryka, kekari= against, [anti-]= hefriendship/intimacy/relationfriendyuutomo= temporaryfriendsoufriendshipkonnengorocompanion; uselessto= obey= arrive [at]= runmutuallygotagaiphase; minister; togethersou, shouairelatedkanseki= inspectionrelation; edgeenfuchi= record= greenrelationshipchuunaka= stretchfullnessfullness; frequenthanfullmanmichiru, mitasuwholezenmattakufoot; enoughsokuashi, tariru, taru, tasucontentmentdafurnishings/building materialscurtainmaku, baku= recruit= grow dark; come to an end; livedeskkitsukuedesk; greattaku= earlypodiumdan, tanseatseki= degreefloor; bedshoutoko, yuka= hempshelfhoutana, -danadecorateshokukazaru= satedfurnish; possessbisonaeru, sonawarudoorkotodoorhitobira= fanfloor; bedshoutoko, yuka= hempboardhan, banita= branchwood;material; talentzaigeneral/abstractgeneralfu=music, [sheet]; [a] recordgeneralsou= windowgeneralhan= boatgeneral; approximategaifar; widespread; generalhenmiscellaneouszatsu, zougistshimune= fat= fingergist; elegance; appearanceshuomomuki= fascinate, [to]= avoid= playgeneral; approximategaipromise; approximatelyyaku= goalgeographydesert; vaguebaku[non-Jouyou] = vast= copyempty; skykuusora, aku, akeru, karalandchi, jilandrikulimitgenkagiruframe; limitwakushore;end; limitgaiboundarykyou, keisakaiprovinceshuusu= riverregionikisuburbkou= partcavedouhorapromontorysakiheadlandmisakimountainsanyamamountaingakutakemountain passtougehillkyuuoka= soldierhillocktsuka= fallslopehansakasummithoumineislandtoushimaswampshounuma= govern, peace, heal= lined-up alongsideswamptakusawareefshouravinekyouvalleykeivalleykokutaniwoodsrinhayashicapitalkyou, keicapitalto, tsumiyako= county= part= enclosure; red light districtcountrykokukunicountygun= capital= flock= enclosure; red light districtvillagesonmuravillagechoumachivillagerisato= reasondistrictkuwardchou, teienclosure; red light districtkaku= capital= county= part Asia; sub-aChinese; flower; showyka, kehanaTang Dynastytoukara= mediocreEuropeou= hitgivegrantyoataeru= copygrant; bestow; impartgrantshitamawarugive; carry outshi, sehodokosu= travelintroduceshouwelcomegeimukaerugo/depart/visitgokyo, kosarugokou, gyou, aniku, yuku, okonau= [] roundtripproceed; becomefuomomukudeparthatsu, hotsu= festival= climbvisitshiukagauvisithouotozureru, tazuneruvisit (adoctor); threesanmairu= disciplinegovernmentgoverntousuberu= gun= fill; allotgovernryougovern; peace; healji, chiosameru, osamaru, naoru, naosu= swamp= lined-up alongsidegovernmentsei, shoumatsurigoto= attackgovernmentministry; reflect [upon]sei, shoukaerimiru, habuku=[] look backtower; (government) cabinetkakuphase; minister; togethersou, shouaigovernment officechougovernment officeshoprefecturefuprefectureken= toolofficial, [an]ri= convenient= again, grow late= history= use; sendcourtstei= prolongcourts; judge; judgementemperorteiemperorkou, ouimperial decreechokuimperial edictshoumikotonoriemperor's sealjiempresskoukingoumagesties; (steps to the) throneheimagesties; (steps to the) throneheiprincesshimeprincesshi= reformnoble [rank]shakufeudal lordhan= thin [weak]= register [book]Mr.; lordden, tentono, donomarquiskouhegemonyha= cover; concealtyrantgyakushiitageruballothyourightsken, gon= justice= infergrains/plantswheatbakumugibamboochikutakebeanstou, zumamecedarsugicherry treeousakurachrysanthemumkikugrassshiba= grow thickgrasssoukusahempmaasa= floor; bedmulberrysoukuwa= threatenpeach treetoumomopineshoumatsu= Ipotatoimoricebei, maikomerice planttouine, ina= ear [of grain]seaweedsoumoume [Japanese apricot]baiumevegetablesainawillowryuuyanagiseedlingbyounae, nawa= reasonsproutgameblossomsakubranchshisasaeru= board= [] branchbranchshieda= wither= [] branchear [of grain]suiho= rice plantflowerkahanaChinese; flower; showyka, kehanahedgekakihuskkakukaraleafyouharootkonnestalkkeikukitrunkkanmikitrunkdoubushjutreeboku, mokuki, koforestshinmoriharvestkaku= kind [type]firewoodshintagakiflourfunko, konafruit; fruitionkahatasu, hateru, hate= [] sweetgrainkokugrainsryuutsubuhard/congeal/tightenhardkokatameru, katamaru, katai= individual= [] hard= [] hardhardkenkatai= hard; tight= [] hard= [] hardhardkoukatai= certain= [] hard= [] hardhard; tightkin= hard= wisdomcongealgyoukoru, korasuwind [reel]; look up [in a reference book]kuruhard; tightkin= hard= wisdomhatehatebuanadoru= regrethatezounikumu, nikui, nikurashii, nikushimidespise; vulgarhiiyashii, iyashimu, iyashimerudislikeken, genkirau, iya= girlresentfunikidouru= discreet [be]; refraingrudge, [bear a~]konuramu, urameshiihealthblindmouepidemiceki, yakuhealryou= healhealyu= healgovern; peace; healji, chiosameru, osamaru, naoru, naosu= swamp= lined-up alongsidefoster; recuperateyouyashinau= store [to]; save= wearhealthkouhealthykensukoyaka= buildill, [be]kanwazurauillness; rapidshitsu= stupidsickbyou, heiyamu, yamai= tiredinjuryshoukizu, itamu, itameruinjurygai= divideinjury; hindershousawaru= chapter cover; suffer [incur]hikoumuru= tear [rip]symptomsshoudiarrhearipaintsuuitai, itamu, itameru= tiredsufferkukurushii, kurushimu, kurushimeru, nigai, nigarusmallpoxtougermkinpoisondokumedicine; dosezai= equalmedicinei= artisanmedicineyakukusurimedicine; dosezai= equalheavy/thick/light/thinheavyjuu, choue, omoi, kasaneru, kasanaruthick (coffee)noukoilightkeikarui, karoyakathin (of a fluid)tanawai= extinguishthin [weak]hakuusui, usumeru, usumaru, usuragu, usureru= feudal lord= register [book]hopehopekihopebou, mounozomuhithittouataru, ateruhitdautsuhit; strikehitboku= Mr.; manner; conditionhitounaguru= Europeinept/mediocre/foolishclumsysetsu= digmediocreyou= Tang Dynastymediocrebon, han= circlepoor quality; pack horsedafoolishguorokairrationalmou, bouinsert/includeinsertkyouhasamu, hasamaruinsertsousasu= searchincludeganfukumu, fukumeru= lead; command, [to~] [also written]interpose[insert]; become estrangedkakuhedateru, hedataru= dissolveseparate; keep apartrihanareru, hanasu= difficultintervalkan, kenaida, mainspection/testinspectionetsu= relatedinvestigateken= test; beneficial effect= thrifty= steepinvestigatesainvestigatechoushiraberu, totonou, totonoeru= [] put in orderinvestigationkyuukiwamerutestshikokoromiru, tamesu= styletest; trytest; beneficial effectken, gen= investigate= thrifty= steepexamineshin= abandon= numberexamine [e.g., medical]shinmiruexamine[inquire]; twistkyuuevidenceshouakashi= truth; trustjoy/hysteriaenjoy; receivekyoupleasuregopleasureyupleasuregaku, rakutanoshii, tanoshimupleasurekanrejoicekiyorokoburejoice; gladrejoice; congratulatekeicelebrateshuku, shuuiwau= ecstasycheerfulkaikokoroyoibright; cheerfulrouhogarakaflusteredkouawateru, awatadashii= violentecstasyetsu= celebratekeepaccumulatesekitsumu, tsumoru= accumulateaccumulationrui= differentcollectshuuatsumaru, atsumeru, tsudousign; collectchou= minute (slight)employ [take (on)]; collectsaitoru= search= [] take hold= [] take= [] steal= [] catchstore, [to]; savechikutakuwaeru= raise animalscontinuezokutsuzuku, tsuzukeru= governholdjimotsuhold; stayryuu, rutomeru, tomaru= [] stop= [] stop= [] [stop] overnightfortune telling; [to]holdsenshimeru, uranaustore, [to]; savechikutakuwaeru= raise animalspay; storenou, na', na, nan, touosameru, osamaruwarehousesoukurawarehouseko, kuwarehousezoukuralack/needlackketsukakeru, kaku= next= loseneedyouirupoorhin, binmazushiiwretchedsan, zanmijimelawlawritsu, richilawkenlawhou, ha', ho'codetenlegitimatechakurobber; rebelzoku= tribute [monthly]lazy/neglectlazydalazy, [be]; neglectmanlazy; neglecttaiokotaru, namakerulazy, [be]; neglectmanlazy; neglecttaiokotaru, namakerulearnlearnshuunarau= next= wing= [] copy (imitate), followstudygakumanabucopy (imitate); followhounarau= [] learnaccustomedkannareru, narasu= regret; regrettable= resent= discreet [be]; refrainleisureleisurekanleisure, [at~]kahima= stepsleisure; distantyuurestkyuuyasumu, yasumaru, yasumeru= bodyrestkeiikoi, ikouloseloseshitsuushinau= stab= scarlet= arrow= previous; ahead= lacklosssonsokonau, sokonerulove/like/admire/wantloverenkou, koi, koishii= changeloveailikekoukonomu, sukuyearn; idolizeboshitau= respectwish foryokuhossuru, hoshii= drinkgo astray; beguiledwakumadou= emotionloyalloyaltychuurighteousness; chastitytei= desk; greatluck/prosperitygood luckkichi, kitsuluckfukugoodzenyoigoodryouyoigood [appropriate]gigood; beautifulkahappinessshi= company [business]happinesskousaiwai, sachi, shiawase= spicyhappinessshou= manageprospereisakaeru, hae, haeru= rememberprospersei, joumoru, sakaru, sakan= stealprosperity; [a] riseryuu= sewbountifulhouyutakarichfu, fuutomu, tomiwealthzai, sai= excel; geniuswealth; assetsmoisten; enrichjunuruou, uruosu, urumumanage/disciplineauthority [governmental]kan= temple, palace= manageauthority; threatisystem; regulationssei= arrivesystem; lineagekeipalm; administershou= raisewedge, [a]; administrationkatsushoulderingtankatsugu, ninau= gall bladdersponsorsaimoyousucommand; fatemei, myouinochi= lead; command, [to~]lead; command, [to~]rei= command; fateguidedoumichibiku= esteemlead (supervise)toku= wisdomlead; command, [to~]reihandle [deal with]atsukau= exertmanageshimanageeiitonamu= temple, palace=authority [governmental]managesaimanagesho= obtain (money)= due toput in orderseitotonoeru, totonou= [] investigaterulesoku= fall down= side= measure = dividesystem; regulationssei= arrivekeep watch overkan= traywatch overkan= shieldprotect; guardshu, sumamoru, mori= exchange; period [of time]; feeforge; drill [discipline]tankitaerudisciplineshuu, shuosameru, osamaru= visit (a doctor); threepacked; rebukekitsutsumeru, tsumaru, tsumuchastisechoukoriru, korasu, korashimeruchastisekaiimashimeruchastiseyusatosu= discussionpunishkei= publish= shapepunishbatsu, bachi= [] attackcruelkokuhumiliatejokuhazukashimeru= lips= shakerepressyokuosaerurepress; suppressscoldkatsustrictgen, gonogosoka, kibishiitorturegouabandonshasuteru= pick up= [] abandonabandonkisuteru= examine= ride= [] abandonleader [commander]shouleader [command-er]; officermastershu, sunushi, omoperson in chargekeikakaru, kakari= system; lineage= grandchildperson in charge, managerpolicekei = surprisemankind/selfgendersei, shoumaledan, nanotokomaleyuuo, osu= elegance1.positive; male; sunyou= easy= place= hidewomanjo, nyo, nyouonna, mefeminineshime, mesuboybou, bo'= holegirljou= dislikechildshi, sukochildchichilddouwarabe= quantityinfantji, niinfantyouosanai= phantasmold manouold womanbaHan Chinesekanbarbarianbancommonfellow; slavedoorphankoselfko, kionore= bowoneselfji, shimizukaraIboku= undertaking, [an]= Mr.; manner; conditionIgaware, waIshiwatakushi= pine=pay; wipeother [person]tapersonjin, ninhitoroof; house; shop; personokuya= roomsomeoneshamonosomeone; personpeoplemintamipopulous, [the~]shuu, shupopulous; peopleworldkaimaterial/ingredientsmaterials; feeryou= sectionresourcesshiresources; capitalwood; material; talentzaigoods; freightka= congratulations= lendmeasurement/sizecornerkakukado, tsunocorner; anglearckolargedai, taiou, oukii, ouinigigantickyo= retainergigantic; enormous; largeminute [slight]bi= sign; collect= piercelongchounagai= stretchlongevityjukotobukitall; expensivekoutakai, taka, takamaru, takameruheight; verticaljuutate= obeywidthfukuhabadiameterkei= longitude; passage of timelengthjoutake= again excel; geniusstrength; splendorgou= melancholy= backscales [weigh]koumeasuresokuhakaru= rulemeasurekeihakaru, hakarau= correct, [to~]latitudei= longitude; passage of timelongitude; passage of timekei, kyouheru= diameter= latitudemeasurement [two mat area]tsubounit of lengthsununit of lengthshakuunit of measureshoumasuunit of volumetounit of volumeshakuunit of weightkinrib; unit of arease, uneunit of weightmonmemeet/ accompanymeetkai, e; au; awaseru= fit= art= [] meetmeetsouau= barrel= [] meetserve; meetguuaudience [with someone]estuaccompanyhan, bantomonauaccompanyrentsuranaru, tsuraneru, tsurerumemory/thoughtforgetbouwasurerurememberokurememberkakuoboeru, samasu, samerupour; [to] notechuusosoguknowchishirudiscriminate; knowshiki= employ-ment= weave= [] enlightenedlook backkokaerimiruthinkshiomou=kindnessthinkkoukangaeru= filial pietythoughtnenthoughtryo= skingovernment ministry; reflect [upon]sei, shoukaerimiru, habukuideasou, soideaiheart [mind]chuu= pathetic= grow weakmilitarymilitarybu, muarmygunbarrackstonmilitary campjin= state; explain; oldarrowshiya= losebulletdanhiku, hazumu, tama= warcannonhougunjuu= governhalberdmuhoko= previously, expectationshieldkou, kanshieldjuntate= watch overswordkentsurugiwarshipkancommandersuiofficer, [military]imanhoodsousoldierhei, hyou= hillconquerkoku= older brotherconquersei= roundtrippatroljunmegurushootshairuwarsenikusa, tatakau= bulletcaptiveshuutorawareru = [] catch; arrestcaptiveryocopperdoumineral/metal/chemicalcopperdougoldkin, konkane, kanairontetsu= pig ironpig ironsen= ironsteelkouhaganeleadennamarisilverginsulphurryuuorekouoilyuaburagrounddo, totsuchimuddeidoromuddy, [become~]dakunigoru, nigosurockganiwa= beachrockseki, shaku, kokuishi= rightsandsa, shasunasoiljoupotassium nitrate [gunpowder]shou= chainasheskaihaicast metalchuuirucharcoaltansumiacidsansuidyesensomeru, somaru, shimiru, shimiink [black]bokusumi= blacklacquershitsuurushi= thin (of a fluid)magnet; porcelainjicrystallineshou= risk, [to]mix/disordermixkoumajiwaru, majieru, majiru, mazaru, mazeru, kau, kawasu= crest [family]; pattern= character [written]= mixmixkonmajiru, mazaru, mazeru= elder brother; insects; later= submerge; lurk= mixdisorderedsaku= borrow= chain= calm, [to make~]mistakegoayamarudifferent; be mistakenichigau, chigaeruconfused, [be~] [with something else]funmagireru, magirasu, magirawasu, magirawashiigo astray; beguiledwakumadou= emotionstray; excelitsustray; excel; deviateaimless; involuntarymanwanderroulostmeimayoudesert; vaguebaku[non-Jouyou] = vast= copymoneycashhei= evilcoinsenzeniround; yenenmaruibuybaikau= government officebuykouborrowshakukariru= set aside= disordered= debtdebtsai= borrowfeechin= lend= resources= goods; freightexchange; period [of time]; feedai, taikawaru, kaeru, yo, shiro= attack= attach= protect; guardmaterials; feeryou= sectionexpensehitsuiyasu, tsuierurise [in prices]tou= copylendtaikasu= goods; freight= fee= resourcesprofitrikiku= decide; stampprofiteki, yakusalaryhou= offeringsavingschostockskabu= order [arrangement], regular [order]= especially, in particular= expunge= counter for cupfulsmove/directionmovedouugoku, ugokasu= work= employed, [be]= recommendmoveiutsuru, utsusu= manymovesencomeraikuru, kitaru, kitasuenternyuuiru, ireru, hairuexitshutsu, suideru, dasuadvanceshinsusumu, susumerufollowzuicirculate; followjun= slowlycopy (imitate); followhounaraupursuetsuiou= urge [someone forward]; approachdescend; surrenderkouoriru, orosu, fururise upshounoboru= dialect; valve= [] up= [] climbcirculate; followjun= slowlybackriura= strength; splendorreturnfuku= doubleroundtripou= conquer= [] goarrive; utmost; lead toshiitaru= do [deferential]= arrivedirectionhoukatadirection; side; style [of doing]about [time]; towardkei, kyoukoro, goro, shibaraku= leanleftsahidarirightu, yuumigi= rocksidesokukawa= fall down= rulesideboukatawarasideouyokosidehenkataeasttouhigashi= bundlenorthhokukitasouthnan, naminamiwestsei, sainishirunsouhashiru= companion; uselesssteptoufumu, fumaeru=step; realize; put into practicestep; realize; put into practicesen= stepwalkho, bu, fuaruku, ayumustand upritsu, ryuutatsu, tateru= character, [written]flow; styleryuu, runagareru, nagasu= violent= deep= floatfloatfuuku, ukareru, ukabu, ukaberu= flow; style= deepfloathyoutadayou= deep= flow; stylefloat; sink; drownsubmerge; lurksenhisomu, moguru= exchange= agreement; praise= mixflyhitobu, tobasuridejounoru, noseru= drop=abandon= [] rideride [a vehicle]touride; [to] loadride; publishsainoseru, noru= [] rideapproachkiyoru, yoseruurge [someone forward]; approachhakusemaru= pursuecross (over)towataru, watasu= wavecross overshouarrivetou= system; regulations= arrive; utmost; lead to= fall down= do [deferential]= profitarrive [at]tatsu= companion; uselessarrive; notifytodokeru, todoku= bend [yield]arrive; utmost; lead toshiitaru= do [deferential]= arrivescattersanchiru, chirasu, chirakasu, chirakaruscatter; fallwayto= paintrutkiname/titlenamemei, myouna= summonname [title]; praiseshou= counter for cupfuls= counter for sheetsMr.; lordden, tentono, donoMr.; manner; conditionyousama= hitnatural phenomenonfirekahi, hofire; yearningshoukogeru, kogasu, kogareru, aseruflameenhonoupressureatsu= existquakeshinfuruu, furueruechokyouhibikumovie; reflect; project eiutsuru, utsusu, haeruexplodebakueruptfunfukusteamkisteamjoumusu, mureru, murasu= fragranticehyoukouri, hifrozentoukouru, kogoeruwindfuu, fukaze, kazabubblehouawaelectricitydenraykouhikaru, hikaripositive; male; sunyou= easy= placemonth; moongetsu, gatsutsukistarsei, shouhoshishadoweikage= scenery= [] shadowshadowinkage, kageru=[] shadownot/not yetnon-fu, bunot yetmi= husband= end= younger sistergreen; blue; unripesei, shouao, aoi= blamenothingmu, bunaiobeyobeyjuu, shou, jushitagau, shitagaeru= height; vertical= companion; uselessobeyjunclothes; obeyfuku= sleepfollow; attendbaiobtainobtainshuuosameru, osamaru= manage= [] be paidobtaintokueru, uru= specialobtain; haveobtainkakueru= catbe; haveyuu, uaru= bodyfurnish; possessbisonaeru, sonawaruofferoffer; propositionteisageru= correcthang; offerken, kekakeru, kakaruattendant, [an]; offerkyou, kusonaeru, tomoofferinghou, butatematsuru= salaryoffering; worshipofferingken, konopen/closeopenhi= extractopenkaihiraku, hirakeru, aku, akerucloseheitojiru, tozasu, shimeru, shimaru=[] tightenorganizationcompany [business]shayashiro= happinessinstitutionincommitteei= seasoncliquebatsu= fightparty [faction]toutribezokusquadhangroupdan, tongroupha= artery; blood vesselgroupsokumu, kumigrouptaicooperationkyoutogetherkyoutomotouch; join togethersetsutsugucannot; combinekenkanerubelongzokucolleagueryou= dormitorycolleaguehai= backofficekyokuofficeyaku, eki= establish; preparepublickououyakepay/supplypay; storenou, na', na, nan, touosameru, osamarupay; wipefutsuharaucome to an end; be paidsaisumu, sumasucompensatebaisupply; compensate [for]hooginau= shop, [a]; pavement (stone)compensationshoutsugunausupplykyuu= get entangled= tiesupply; compensate [for]hooginau= shop, [a]; pavementrewardshuubribewaimakanautaxsotaxzeitribute [monthly]fu= robber; rebeltribute money; supportkou, kumitsugu= agree tofill; allotjuuateru= governperception/sensationlookranface, [to~]rinnozomuface-upgyou, kouaogu, ouse= repressseekenmiru, mieru, miseruseeshi= appearstarechounagameruphase;minister; togethersou, shouaiscenerykei= shadowscenery; panorama; view; vistastatue; imagezoutransparenttousuku, sukasu, sukeru= excellisten; hearchoukikuhearbun, monkiku, kikoeru= [] hearlisten; hearchoukiku= [] hearsoundon, inoto, ne= chaptersmell, [a]kou, kyouka, kaori, kaorufragrancehoukanbashiifragrantkunkaoru= steamstinkshuukusai= noseflavormiaji, ajiwau= fascinate, [to~]sweetkanamai, amaeru, amayakasusweetka= certain, [a]astringentjuushibu, shibui, shiburutouchshokufureru, sawaru= noisytouch; jointogethersetsutsugusoftjuu, nyuuyawaraka, yawarakai= plansoftnanyawaraka, yawarakairefreshingryousuzushii, suzumupierce/pass throughpiercetetsu= withdraw= minute (slight)pierce; get stuck [by something sharp]shisasu, sasarupiercekantsuranuku= plan= noblepierce; get stuck [by something sharp]shisasu, sasarupass throughtsuu, tsutouru, tousu, kayouplace/establishputchioku= government officeput; placeset; be set, sitsueru, suwaru= extract= insertset; be set, sitsueru, suwaru= extract= insertengage [in]; settle [into]; concerning shuu, jutsuku, tsukeruestablish [prepare]setsumoukeru= officepositiontip; correcttanhashi, ha, hatarelation; edgeenfuchi= record= greenbottomteisokocenteroumidairchuumiddlechuunakabeginshihajimeru, hajimaru= []first (beginning)first (beginning)shohajime, hajimete, hatsu, ui, someru= []beginbeginning; thongsho, choo= variousfront, [in~]zenmaefront; beforeprevious; aheadsensaki= lose= gobehindgo, kounochi, ushiro, ato, okurerubehind; back; afterinsidenai, daiuchiinteriorouokunucleuskaku= above-statedoutsidegai, gesoto, hoka, hazusu, hazurerudownka, geshita, shimo, moto, sageru, sagaru, kudaru, kudasu, kudasaru, orosu, oriru= [] descendAsia; sub-ahangkakeru, kakaru, kakarihang; offerken, kekakeru, kakarudeepshinfukai, fukamaru, fukameru= cross over / = float= search= drownquiet; depthyuuheight; verticaljuutate= obeydiagonalshananame= sectionleankeikatamuku, katamukeru= paragraph= about [time]; towardlean [to one side]henkatayorusurroundikakomu, kakouplacejouba= positive; male; sun= easyplaceshotokoronearkinchikai= return= fastvicinityhenatari, bevicinityrintonaru, tonari=tower= numberover therekoumuku, mukeru, mukau, mukoufaren, ontoui= send back= fast[long] distancekyo[long] distance; distantfar; widespread; generalhenleisure; distantyuulined-up alongsideensou= government= cry= wash (bathe)= swamplined-up alongside; parallel; along; linelineupheinami, naraberu, narabu, narabinilineup; along; line; parallel; ordinarypotential/power/weaknesspossibleka= manage= ten-day period (of the month) = clause= whatpositive; male; sunyou= easy= placepure; manlyketsuisagiyoipowerryoku, rikichikaraintenseretsustrongkyou, goutsuyoi, tsuyomaru, tsuyomeru, shiiruweakjakuyowai, yowaru, yowamaru, yowameru= feathergrow weaksuiotoroeru= pathetic= heart [mind]cannot; combinekenkaneruhumilityken= lecturepractice/strengthenpracticerenneru= temper; polish; traintemper; polish; trainren= practicetemper; polish; trainren= practiceforge; drill [discipline]tankitaerufoster; recuperateyouyashinau= store [to]; save= weargrow up; raiseikusodatsu, sodaterutribute money; supportkou, kumitsugu= agree togrow up; raiseikusodatsu, sodaterupraise/honor/fame/conceitpraisehouhomeruagreement; praisesantasukeru; tataeruexchange= submergename [title]; praiseshou= counter for cupfuls= counter for sheetsprizeshougloryyohomarehonorablegyo, goon= wholesalewinshoukatsu, masaru= ticket= copyrespectkyouuyauyashii= yearn; idolize= peacerespectkeiuyamaufurthermore; respectshourespectful, [be]kintsutsushimu[near synonym]= [] discreet [be]; refrainesteemsontattoi, toutoi, tattobu, toutobu= guide[near synonym]= [] noblefamouschoarawasu, ichijirushiiboastkohokoru= enticeboast; pridepromisepromisekeichigirupromiseseichikaupromise; pledgepromise; approximatelyyaku= goalalliance; oathmeipronounshehikare, kano= temporarywhatkanani, nan= manage= possible= clause = ten-day period (of the month)who; someonesuidareyoukunkimiwho; someonesuidarewe [imperial]chinprotectprotecthotamotsu= amazed [be], disgusted, shockedprotect; guardshu, sumamoru, morisafekeepingyoazukeru, azukarudefendgo= lecturedefendeipull/extractpullchuu= pushpullinhiku, hikeruextractbatsunuku, nukasu, nukaru= open= set; be set, sitextract; pull; pickstickynennebaruquantityquantityryouhakaru= childallsho= block, [to]allkaimina= elder brother; insects; latereachkakuonouno= order; statuseverymaibothryou= againmostsaimottomo= take [a photo]; pick; summarizemost; maximumarrive; utmost; lead toshiitaru= do [deferential]= arrivemanytaoui= movevarioussho= beginning; thonghalfhannakaba= flatfewshousukunai, sukoshifew [scant]boutoboshii= eternitypartbu= capital= suburb= enclosure; red light districtpart [of]; divide; be separated; understandbun, fun, buwakeru, wakatsu, wakareru, wakaru pairsoufutahow manykiiku= machineor more/lessidelay; still moreyuuamountgakuhitaidegreedo, to, takutabi= seatdegree [extent]teihodofar; widespread; generalhenraise/go upraisekyoageru, agaru= palm; administer= [] hoist= [] uphoist; fryyouageru, agaru= place= [] up= [] raisemovie; reflect; project eiutsuru, utsusu, haeruupjou, shouue, uwa, kami, ageru, agaru, noboru, noboseru, nobosu= [] hoist= [] raiseregretregretkaikuiru, kuyamu, kuyashii= hateregretgairegretkanregrettable; regretsekioshii, oshimu= accustomedregrettable; regretsekioshii, oshimu= accustomedreligionreligionshuu, sou= completeBuddhabutsuhotokeBuddhist priestsoununniamaZen BuddhismzenConfucianjuhole; Confuciuskou= milk= taggodshin, jinkami, kan, kou= gentlemanheaventename, amaheavenu= character [written]holysei= exhibit= wisdommartyrdomjunpraykiinoru= fold= divide; analyzeworshipsuuworshiphaiogamusacrifice [offering]sei= special= lifesacrifice [offering]gisacrifice [ceremony]gi= sacrifice [offering]= justicefestivalsaimatsuru, matsuri= depart= surmise; understandsoulkontamashiirelyrely oni, e= clothingdue tokyorepair/returnrepairzentsukuroureturnreimodosu, modorureturnhenkaesu, kaeru= nearreturn homekikaeru, kaesu= sleepwithdrawtetsu= pierce= minute (slight)stop; withdrawhirepeatagainsai, safutatabi= bothagainmata= lengthcopyshautsusu, utsuru= grantcopytou= rise [in prices]copymo, bo= desert; vaguedoublebaidoublefuku= returnimitategisad/lonely/nostalgicsadhikanashii, kanashimugriefshuuureeru, ureigrievetannageku, nagekawashiimelancholyyuuureeru, urei, ui= strength; splendorlonelyjaku, sekisabi, sabishii, sabireru= uncle [not a jouyou kanji] = [] lonelymisssoumoyearn; idolizeboshitau= respectfire; yearningshoukogeru, kogasu, kogareru, aserusearch/investigatesearchsousagasu= insert= [] searchsearchtansaguru, sagasu= employ [take (on)]; collect= deep= [] searchsearch for; cordsakuwind [reel]; look up [in a reference book]kuruhuntshukaru, karihuntryou= animalcriminal investigationgaiseize/pursue/fleecatch; arresthotoraeru, torawareru, toru, tsukamaeru, tsukamaru= [] take up= [] take hold= [] take= [] steal=[] be capturedcatch; arresthotoraeru, torawareru, toru, tsukamaeru, tsukamaru= [] take up= [] take hold= [] take= [] steal=[] be capturedpursuechikuretreattaishirizoku, shirizokeruretreat; retiresell/buysellshouakinau= pinchsellbaiuru, urerusellhanvaluekaataivaluechine, ataitall; expensivekoutakai, taka, takamaru, takamerucheapanyasui= clauseintegrity; bargainrenthriftyken= investigatemarketshiichi= spread; clothwholesaleorosu, oroshi= honorablegoods; freightka= congratulations= lendsendsendsouokuru= transfer [alternation]send; donatekentsukau, tsukawasu= bequeath= [] sendsend; successiveteiuse; sendshitsukau= official, [an]= convenient= again, grow late= historyuse;send;messenger= [] sendsend backkan= farsequenceorder [sequence]; occasionjunorder; rankikuraiorder; rankkyuuorder [arrangment]; regular [order]chitsu= stocksorder; statuskaku, kou= each= get entangledstatus [grade]tou nadohitoshiiorder [arrangement]; regular [order]chitsu= stocksorder; statuskaku, kou= each= get entangledorder; rankikuraiorder; rankkyuuinferiorretsuotorudespise; vulgarhiiyashii, iyashimu, iyashimerunextyoku= learnnextji, shitsugu, tsugi= lacksend; successiveteiprevious; aheadsensaki= losepreviouslykisude [ni]previously; expectationyo= halberd= finishorigingen, ganmoto= showorigingenminamotolayersou= increaseserviceattendant [assistant]fukuattendant,[an]; offerkyou, kusonaeru, tomoserveshi, jitsukaeru= responsibility= company [business]= circumstanceserve; meetguuserve [a role]baiserve, [to]jisamuraifollow; attendbaiguestkyaku, kakuguesthin= repeatedlysex/reproductioneggrantamagopregnancyninpregnantshingive birth; propertysanumu, umareru, uburighteousness; chastitytei= desk; greatshape/patternshapekei, gyoukata, katachi= punishformyoucondition; formjou= circumstanceballgyokutamasphereken= gardenspherekyuutama= pearl= help [rescue]circleganmaru, marui, marumeru= mediocreringkanround; yenenmaruiscrollkanmaku, makiscroll; wrapaxis; [picture] scrolljikucircumferenceshuumawaricolumn, [newspaperranconcaveouconvextotsupointtensharp (pointed)eisurudoicornerguusumiframe; limitwakuflathei, byoutaira, hira= halflevel [flat]kin[not a Jouyou kanji] = smellsteepkenkewashii= test; beneficial effect= investigate= thriftyrowretsu= examplelinesenkind [type]shutanestylekeikatastyleshiki= become = testflow; styleryuu, runagareru, nagasuMr.; manner; conditionyousama= hitdesign; patternheigara, epattern; mirrorkancrest [family]; patternmondesign; patternheigara, efigureshisugatafigure; formmodelsomarksekiato= red= forgivesign/symbolssign; trillionchoukizasu, kizashi= challenge= excludesign; collectchou= minute (slight)mark, [a]hyoushirushi= prohibit= [] patternmark; foot printkonatocrest [family]; patternmonpatterninshirushi= immediately= [] mark, [a]tagsatsufuda= hole= thanksticketken= winticketfustatue; imagezoumark; foot printkonatosimple actionsabradesatsusuru, sureru= occasionblinkshunmatatakublowsuifukuclaphakuhyou= uncleclimbtou, tonoboru= departcrykyuunaku= lined up alongsidecutsetsu, saikiru, kirerudrawbyouegaku= pulldreammuyumedrinkinnomu= wish fordrownbotsuexhaustjintsukusu, tsukiru, tsukasuexhibittei= holyforgivesha= markfrolicgitawamurerujumpyouodoru, odori= [] jumpjumpyakuodoru= [] jumplaughshouwarau, emuleapchouhaneru, tobumailyuunoisysousawagu= touch= horse-riding= quietpainttonuru= waypick upshuu, juuhirou= abandonpinchtekitsumu= sellplayyuu, yuasobu= gist; elegance; appearance= avoidpolish, [to~]mamigaku= rubpour; [to] notechuusosogupushouosu, osaeru= pull= stretchpush; seize; stopreaddoku, toku, touyomurevolvetenkorogaru, korogeru, korogasu, koroburotatesen= flag, [a]rubma= polish, [to~]sealfuu; housecretehitsu, hisewhounuu= prosperity; [a] riseshakeshinfuru, furuu=humiliateshakeyouyureru, yuru, yuragu, yurugu, yusuru, yusaburu, yusuburushoutkyousakebu= callshout; yellshowji, shishimesu= originsinkchinshizumu, shizumerusitzasuwaru= [] sitset; be set, sitsueru, suwaru= extract= insert= [] sitslipkatsusuberu, nameraka= whirlpoolzero; spillrei= cloud= spirit= fogstabtotsutsuku= arrow= previous; ahead= losestab; poke; thruststretchshinnobiru, nobasu= god= gentleman [long ago the meaning of was carelessly transposed withas is evident from their right-hand radicals]= [] prolongstretchchouharu= longsuckkyuusuusuck; breathe; inhalesweepsouhaku= brandishswimeioyoguthrowtounageruvomittohakupay; wipefutsuharausimple emotionsamazed [be]; disgusted; shockedhouhokeru, hokeru, akireru, oroka= protectangrydoikaru, okoruangry; angeramazed [be]; disgusted; shockedhouhokeru, hokeru, akireru, oroka= protectemotionkan= go astray; beguiledemotion; circumstancejou, seinasakeemotion; circumstance; feelingsexcitedfunfuruu= snatchfeelingki, keskin; dispositionhadashamechihajiru, haji, hajirau, hazukashiiamazed [be]; disgusted; shockedhouhokeru, hokeru, akireru, oroka= protectsurprisekyouodoroku, odorokasu= policeskill/make/machine/useskillgiwazaskillkoutakumi= achieveart (skill)jutsu= streetcraftkou, kumakesei= tear [rip]makesaku, satsukuru= lie [deceive]createzoutsukurucreationsoucreation; woundmachinekihata= how manymachine; fetterskaioperate; chastitysoumisao, ayatsuruuseyoumochiiruuse; sendshitsukau= official, [an]= convenient= again, grow late= historycompanion; uselessto= obey= arrive [at]= runsleepsleepshinneru, nekasusleepminnemuru, nemui= eye= clothes; obeysleepsuiwake upkiokiru, okoru, okosusocial roleactorhaiexpertshifishinggyo, ryoufortune telling; [to] holdsenshimeru, uranaugentlemanshigentlemanshin= god= stretch[long ago the meaning of was carelessly transposed with as is evident from their right-hand radicals]go-betweenbaihermitsenretainershin, jin= giganticservantreicommon fellow; slavedospecialspecialtokuspecializehaku, bakuspecialtysenmopparaespecially, in particularshukoto= remainderspeedfastjin= nearfastsokuhayai, hayameru, sumiyaka= far= [] early [promptly, quickly]illness; rapidshitsu= stupidhurrykyuuisogu= hideimmediatelysoku= patterngraduallyzen= rapids[be] latechiokureru, okurasu, osoislowlyjo= left over= circulate; follow = excluderatesotsu, ritsuhikiirurate; percent; ratiodirect [frank]choku, jikitadachi, naosu, naoru= put stopstoptei= pavilion= [] stop= [] [stop] overnight= [] hold; staystopshitomaru, tomeru= [] stop= [] [stop] overnight= [] hold; staystop; withdrawhiquit; term [word]jiyamerupark, [to]chuutaketakeshutoru= help= [] take up= [] take hold= [] steal= [] catchtake [a photo]; pick; summarizesatsutoru= mostreceive; takejuukeru, ukaruact in place of; takesetsureceive; takejuukeru, ukaru= [] receivesummit; receivechouitadaku, itadaki= paragraphenjoy; receivekyougrasphagraspakunigiru= extractsnatchdatsuubau= excitedtalent/excel/weaknesstalentedeiwood; material; talentzai=[] talentabilitynou= conditionagilebinexcelketsuexcelshuuhiideru= transparentexcel; geniusshunexcel; geniussai= wealth= length= [] talentexcel; gentleyuuyasashii, sugurerustray; excelitsustray; excel; deviategreat [admirable]ieraidesk; greattaku= earlyexceedchoukoeru, kosu= exceed= [] exceedexceedetsukosu, koeru= [] exceedexceedkasugiru, sugosu, ayamatsu, ayamachi= exceedluxuriantjimeritkunoverflowranveryjinhanahada, hanahadashii= foundationvery; extreme; greattemperaturecoldkansamuicoolreitsumetai, hieru, hiya, hiyasu, hiyakasu, sameru, samasuhotshoatsui= [] hotwarmdanatataka, atatakai, atatamaru, atatameru= [] warmwarmonatataka, atatakai, atatamaru, atatameru= [] warmthingthingbutsu, motsumono= easything, [abstract]ji, zukotoquality (nature)shitsu, shichi, chitime of daydaybreakgyouakatsukimorningchouasanoongo= cowafternoonchuuhiruevening (early)shouyoigrow dark; come to an end; livebokureru, kurasu= curtaineveningsekiyuueveningbannightyayo, yorutime/seasontimejitokitime, (period of)ki, golongitude; passage of timekei, kyouheru= diameter= latitudeexchange; period [oftime]; feedai, taikawaru, kaeru, yo, shiro= attack= attach= protect; guardsecond (of time)byoudaynichi, jitsuhi, kaovernighthakutomaru, tomeru= [] stop= [] stop= [] hold; stayweekdayyouweekshuuten-day period (of the month)jun= manage= possible= clause = whatmonth; moongetsu, gatsutsukiyearnentoshieternitykyuu, kuhisashii= few [scant]eternityeinagainowkon, kinimaagain; growlatekousara, fukeru, fukasu= official, [an]= convenient= history= use; sendelder brother; insects; laterkon= allpastsakuago, [long~]seki, shakumukashiold timeskyuuabout [time]; towardkei, kyoukoro, goro, shibaraku= leanagain; grow latekousara, fukeru, fukasu= official, [an]= convenient= history= use; sendalwayskouearlysou, sa'hayai, hayamaru, hayameru= desk; great= simple= [] fastseasonki= committeeseason; weatherkousourouspringshunharusummerka, genatsuautumnshuuakiwintertoufuyucalendarrekikoyomi= [] historytransporttransportyu= wheelcarryhancarryunhakobucarry [by hand]keitazusaeru, tazusawarudrivekukakeru, karutravelryotabi= give; carry outhorse-ridingki= noisygallophonroadrojistreetgai, kaimachi= artstreetdou, toumichishop [a]; pavement (stone)ho= supply; compensate [for]forked roadkiload [a]kaniload; luggagetrust/belief/doubttruth; trustshin= evidenceentrustshokuask [for]; entrustraitanomu, tanomoshii, tayoru= requestentrust [to]takusincereseimakotodoubtgiutagau= dutydubious; strangekaiayashii, ayashimuquestionmontou, toi, tonquestion [inquire]jintazunerutruth/deceptiontrueshinma= tooltruthjitsumi, minorutruth; trustshin= evidenceintegrity; bargainrenugly/unrefineduglyshuuminikuicoarsesoarai= ancestorcoarse; roughvaluabletreasurehoutakarapearlshu= spherecrownkankammurinoblekitattoi, toutoi, tattobu, toutobu= pierce[near synonym]= [] esteemvehiclesboatshuufune, funa= redboatsenfune, funa= generalshiphakusailhanhosailingkouvision/understandingappeargenarawareru, arawasu= reason= seeappearancekanappearance; look; watch (spectate); to viewgist; elegance; appearanceshuomomuki= fascinate, [to]= avoid= playreasonri= village= appearreasonyu, yuu, yuiyoshi= seedling= song; bendenlightenedgosatoru= [] knowsurmise; understandsatsu= festival= occasionsurmise; understand; observepreviously; expectationyo= halberd= finishpart [of]; divide;be separated; understandbun, fun, buwakeru, wakatsu, wakareru, wakaru surmise; understandsatsu= festivalvivacity/lethargyenergeticseiikioitiredhitsukareru, tsukarasu= pain= sickdulldonnibui, niburuwait/postponewaittaimatsu= obtaindelay; still moreyuurefrainkouhikaerudiscreet [be]; refrainshintsutsushimu= resentwash/clean/dirtywashsenarau= dirtywashtakuwash (bathe)yokuabiru, abiseru= lined-up alongside= meltdirtyokegasu, kegareru, kegarawashii, yogosu, yogoreru, kitanai= washfresh; clearsenazayakawaterwatersuimizuwater [hot]touyuspringsenizumiwaterfalltakifluidekimoisten; enrichjunuruou, uruosu, urumuleakroumoru, moreru, morasu= tearsimmersedshinhitasu, hitarufloodkou= beachwavehanami= cross (over)waterwaysbayhourabaywanbeachgankishi= rockbeachhinhama= floodbeach; lagoonkatainletkouelakekomizuumi= tideoceanchuuokioceanyouoceankaiumibeach; lagoonkatapondchiikerapidsse= graduallyriversenkawa= provinceriverkakawashore; end; limitgaicanal [ditch]koumizocanal [ditch]hori= dig= clumsydiketeitsutsumiharborshintsuharborkouminatoshallowsenasaitidechoushio= lakewhirlpoolkauzu= slipweatherseason; weatherkousouroucloudunkumo= spirit= fog= zero, spill= cloudycloudydonkumoru= clouddewro, routsuyu= fogfogfun= zero, spillfogmukiri= fog= dewfrostsoushimo= dew= fograinuame, amasnowsetsuyukithunderraikaminariwet/drydampshitsushimeru, shimesudrykankawaku, kawakasudrykanhosu, hiru= thousanddry, [to~]souwisdom/intelligence/stupiditywisdomtetsu= saywisdom; intelligencekenkashikoi= lead (supervise)= hard; tight= temporarywisdom; intelligencekenkashikoi= lead (supervise)= hard; tight= temporaryexcel; geniusshunexcel; geniussai= wealth= lengthstupidchi= illness; rapidwork/employmentwork [earn a living]kakaseguworkdouhataraku= move= employed, [be]laborrouartisanshou= medicineemployed, [be]kin, gontsutomeru, tsutomaru= move= workemploymentshoku= weave= discriminate, knowemployeeinemploykoyatouemploy [take(on)]; collectsaitoru= search= [] take hold= [] take= [] steal= [] catchengage [in]; settle [into]; concerning shuu, jutsuku, tsukerurecruitbotsunoru= alone= curtaintransfertetsu= sendbusybouisogashiiworryworrykonkomaru= causeworrynounayamu, nayamasuworryhan, bonwazurau, wazurawasuconstruct, worry [care]koukamaeru, kamaulamenttouitamuyoung/oldyoungjaku, nyakuwakai, moshikuhanewshinatarashii, arata, niioldkofurui, furusu= conquerold, [grow~]rouoiru, fukeru= filial piety= thinkstate; explain; oldchin= military campagereiKanji Topic Categories1Achievements2accomplish/finish/endbind/compresscover/concealdestroy/collapse/disintegratedig/bury/holeobtainopen/closepierce/pass throughplace/establishpull/extractrepair/returnstopadd/subtractActs3doexpandgivego/depart/visithitinsert/includeinspection/testkeeploseobeyofferpractice/strengthenprotectrelyrepeatseize/pursue/fleesendsleeptaketransportwait/postponeAnimalAttributesMeasurable4clear/bright/purecolorexceed/excessivefat/thin/narrow/widefrequencyhard/congeal/tightenheavy/thick/light/thinmeasurement/sizemix/disordernot/not yetpositionquantityraise/go upsequenceshape/patternchange size/heightspeedtemperaturewash/clean/dirtywet/dryAttributesNon-measurable5appropriatebeauty/elegancecalm/quiet/peacecondition/attitude/existencecustomary/unusual/strangedetailedfierce/intensefullnessgeneral/abstractlack/needleisurespecialthingtruth/deceptionvivacity/lethargyBodyBuildings/StructuresClothingCommunicationscall/announcecommunicateconjunctionscounters/numberdiscoursedocumententertainment/performancename/titlepronounssign/symbolsConflictaccuseconflict/aggressioncrime/deceitexclude/avoidEmotionfearhatehopejoy/hysterialove/like/admire/wantregretsad/lonely/nostalgicsimple emotionworryFamilyFarmingFate/Effortchancedanger/riskeasy/difficulteffort/energy/enduranceevil/misfortuneluck/prosperityFood/EatingGeographyGrains/PlantsHealthHuman Characterbad/goodinept/mediocre/foolishlazy/neglectpotential/power/weaknesstalent/excel/weaknessugly/unrefinedwisdom/intelligence/stupidityHuman Interactionexchangefriendship/intimacy/relationpay/supplysell/buyserviceask/incitecharity/benevolence/gratituteconsentcooperationloyalmeet/accompanypraise/honor/fame/conceitpromisesex/reproductiontrust/belief/doubtHuman Life Cycledeath/burialyoung/oldLearning/ExperienceacademicslearnManage/DisciplineMankind/SelfMaterials/Toolscommon equipmentfurnishings/building materialsmaterial/ingredientsmineral/metal/chemicalvehiclesMental Workanalysis/solutioncomparecorrect/judgementdistinguish/choosedividememory/thoughtsearch/investigatevision/understandingMove/Directiondropmove/directionNaturenatural phenomemonwaterwaterwaysweatherPerception/SensationPhysical Work/Productsarts/handicraftsskill/make/machine/usecooking/firingSimple Actions6Societyduty/responsibilitygovernmentlawmilitaryorganizationreligionsocial rolework/employmentTime/Seasontime of daytime/seasonValuablesmoneyvaluableFootnotes1 The index headings are simply a convenience for ordering the topics into smaller groups, to quicken searches in this Kanji Topic Categories index. The assignment of kanji to topic categories, and topic categories to index headings, is not the result of a rigorous logical or ontological test. It is for mnemonic purposes only.2 activities with a concrete result; imply an end to action3 activities with an inconclusive result4 readily measurable against a standard5 not readily measurable against a standard6 Topics under this heading differ from those under Achievements and Acts as follows: Achievements and Acts headings include topics that (a) include more nuanced activities; (b) can be linked with several others words in an activity category; and (c) include at least several kanji of similar meaning; or (d) are abstract or ambiguous. Simple actions are none of things.DO IT YOURSELFKANJI FLASHCARDS[NOTE: The paper size for this template is Letter size. Change paper size to A4 if needed. There are 325 pages of cards.]PRINT OUT (Print a sample page first, and assemble one flashcard as a trial)CUT ALONG TOP, BOTTOM AND RIGHT OUTER BORDERS (Do not cut on left.) Caution: the first page may have a different top margin than the other pages. CUT AT THE MARGIN BETWEEN CARDSFOLD EACH CARD IN HALFAPPLY GLUE STICKSQUEEZE SIDES TOGETHER WITH A BLUNT EDGEcram schooljukuschoolkougraduatesotsuhistoryshihistoryreki teachjusazukeru, sazukaruteachkyouoshieru, osowaruaccomplishsuitogeruachievekou, kuachievementssekicome to an end; be paidsaisumu, sumasucompletekanendmatsu, batsusueendshuuowaru, oerufinishryougoaltekimatoripen, acquire skilljukuureruaccuseshoublamesekisemerusue; accusesouttaeruaddkakuwaeru, kuwawaruappendtensoeru, soucauseinyorudivide; analyzesekiinferosuintentionshikokorozasu, kokorozashiintuitionkanplankikuwadateruplananplansakuplanbou, muhakaruuntie, solvekai, getoku, tokasu, tokeruanimaljuukemonobirdchoutoricatbyounekochickenkeiniwatoricocoonkenmayucowgyuuushidogkeninudomesticateshikaudragonryuuelephantshou, zoufeatheruha, hanefireflykeihotarufishgyouo, sakanaflockgunmureru, mure, murahorsebauma, mainsectchuumushimonkeyensarumosquitokanestsousuporktonbutasheepyouhitsujishellfishkaishellfish; intervenekaisilkwormsankaikosnakeja, dahebitailbiowhalegeikujirawingyokutsubasayeastkoufitgou, ga-, ka-au, awasu, awaserusuitabletekiartjutsuartgeicarvechouhoruchisel, [to~]kokukizamupicturega, kakupicturekai, esongkyokumagaru, magerusongkauta, utauask (request)kyuumotomeruask [for]sei, shinkou, ukeruask [for]; entrustraitanomu, tanomoshii, tayorudemandjuencouragereihagemu, hagemasuencourageshouenticeyuusasouinviteshoumanekurecommendkansusumerurecommendsensusumerurequestgannegausummonshoumesu (honorific)temptsasosonokasuurge [someone forward]sokuunagasuurge [someone forward]; approachhakusemarubadaku, owaruiethics, companionrinnegativehiinanegativehiquality (nature)shitsu, shichi, chibeautybiutsukushiicosmeticsshouelegantgaexquisitemyougracefulshukulovelyreiuruwashiistrength; splendorgouattachfutsukeru, tsukuattachfubundlesokutabacrowdedkomu, komeruembraceyoufoldsetsuoru, ori, oreruget entangledrakukaramu, karamaruhughoudaku, idaku, kakaerumergeheiawaserupacked, rebukekitsutsumeru, tsumaru, tsumuslackenkanyurui, yuruyaka, yurumu, yurumerutieketsumusubu, yuu, yuwaerutiebakushibarutie togetherkatsutightenteishimaru, shimerutwist [braid]; edithenamuwraphoutsutsumuwringsakushiboruwringkoushiboru, shimeru, shimaruarmwanudeartery; blood vesselmyakubackhaise, sei, somuku, somukerubloodketsuchibodytai, teikaradabodyshinmibonekotsuhonebrainnoubreathsokuikichestkyoumune, munaearjimimientrailszoueyemoku, bokume, maeyegan, genmanakofacemenomo, omote, tsurafacegankaofattai, tafutoi, futorufatshiaburafat, [animal~]boufingershiyubi, sasufoot; enoughsokuashi, tariru, taru, tasugall bladdertanhairmoukehair [head]hatsukamihandshute, taheadtou, zu, toatama, kashiraheartshinkokorointestineschoulegkyaku, kyaashilimbshilipsshinkuchibiruliverkankimoloinsyoukoshilungshaimarrowzuimembranemakumouthkou, kukuchineckshukubinosebihanashoulderkenkataskinhikawaskinfuskin; dispositionhadastomachistomachfukuharasweatkanasetearsruinamidatendonkinsujitonguezetsushitatoothshihaurinenyouuterushouvoicesei, shoukoe, kowawombtaibridgekyouhashibuildken, kontateru, tatsubuildchikukizukucastlejoushiroconstruct, worry [care]koukamaeru, kamaucornerstonesoishizuedormitoryryoueaveskennokifenceheifoundationkimoto, motoigatesmonkadogive birth; propertysanumu, umareru, ubuhallrouhang; build (bridge)kakakeru, kakaruhouseka, keie, yahousetakuhouseshainnshukuyado, yadoru, yadosuparapetruipavilionteipillarchuuhashirapublic buildingkanresidenceteiridge poletoumune, munaroof; house; shopokuyaroomshitsumuroroom; clusterboufusashoptenmiseshop [a]; pavement (stone)hostationekistepsdantemplejiteratemple, palacekyuu, guu, kumiyatemple; [meeting] halldoutowertoutowerroutower; (government) cabinetkakuvillasouwallhekikabewindowsoumadoframe [wood]sandikehancallkoyobucallkanchirpmeinaku, naru, narasucalmonodayakacalm, [to make~]chinshizumeru, shizumarupeacewa, oyawaragu, yawarageru, nagomu, nagoyakapeacetaipeaceful; ratherneiquietsei, joushizu, shizuka, shizumaru, shizumeruquiet; depthyuuquietlyshukusilencemokudamaruaccidentallyguugambleto;kakeru; kakedecreasegenheru, herasudecreasemou, kouincreasezoumasu, fueru, fuyasuincreaseshokufueru, fuyasulowteihikui, hikumeru, hikumarushorttanmijikaishrinkshukuchijimu, chijimaru, chijimeru, chijireru, chijirasusmallshouchiisai, ko, obenevolencetokubequeathi, yuicharityjin, nicondolechoutomuraucongratulationsgaconsoleinagusameru, nagusamudonorgofavor, [bestow a~]kei, emegumugiftzou, souokuruhelpsahelpjotasukeru, tasukaru, sukehelpfuhelpenhelp [rescue]kyuusukuukindnessonlenientkanmercyjiitsukushimuserious; cordialtokuthanksrei, raibrightmei, myouakari, akarui, akarumu, akaramu, akiraka, akeru, aku, akuru, akasubright, cheerfulrouhogarakaclearshouclear [obvious]kenclear upseihareru, harasuclear, [become~]chousumu, sumasufresh; clearsenazayakapurejoupuresei, shoukiyoi, kiyomaru, kiyomerupurejunpure; manlyketsuisagiyoipurificationsaipuritysuibelt [obi]taiobiru, obicapbouclothesikoromoclothes; obeyfukucollarkinericottonmenwataleatherkakukawashoeskakutsunuderahadakapocketkaifutokoro, natsukashii, natsukashimu, natsuku, natsukerusilkkenkinusilk gauzeraspinboutsumuguspread; clothfununothreadshiitowearchaku, jakukiru, kiseru, tsuku, tsukeruwear [shoes, pants]rihakuwear; feignsou, shouyosouuweaveshoku, shikioruwoolenkatsublackkokukuro, kuroiredtancolorsaiirodorucolorshoku, shikiirodarkankuraidark bluekongreenryoku, rokumidorigreen; blue; unripesei, shouao, aoipurpleshimurasakiredseki, shakuaka, akai, akaramu, akaramerured (scarlet)kou, kubeni, kurenaiscarletshuwhitehaku, byakushiro, shira, shiroiyellowkou, ouki, koaxis; [picture] scrolljikubaghyoutawarabagtaifukurobarrelsoubladejinhabookhonmotobottlebinbowkyuuyumibowlhachi, hatsubowstringgentsuruboxhakobrush, [writing]hitsufudecarshakurumachainsakusaridagger toukatanafansenougiflag, [a]kihatafurnacerohook, [fishing]choutsuruladleshakulamptouhilockjoumapzu, tohakarumirrorkyoukagamineedleshinharinetmouamipainttonurupapershikamipattern; mirrorkanpedestaldai, taipipetoutsutsupipekankudapivotsuuplatesaraplatterbonpoleboupotterytouropeiropekoutsunaropejounawasharpenkentoguspindlesuitsumutatami matjoutatamu, tatamitin cankantoolgutoolkiutsuwatraybanumbrellasankasawellsei, shouiwheelrinwaannouncekokutsugeruannouncesenanswertoukotaeru, kotaeconfershihakarudiscussdandiscussionronhear [be told]shouuketamawaruinformationhoumukuirumentionjutsunoberuprinthanprintingsatsusurupublishkanpublishkeikakagerurespondousaygen, goniu, kotosaykeipatterninshirushistate; explain; oldchintransmitdentsutawaru, tsutaeru, tsutaucomparehikuraberucomparekakukuraberudifferent, [be]ikotodifferent; be mistakenichigau, chigaeruequalseiexamplereitatoeruexample [pattern]hankindruioppositegyakusaka, sakarauresemblejiniruresembleshousamedouonajialonekaalonedokuhitoribe; haveyuu, uarubecomesei, jounaru, nasuborn, [be~]tancircumstancekencircumstancekoyueconditiontaiconditionkyoucondition; formjoueffectkoukikuelementaryso, suemptykyo, koempty; skykuusora, aku, akeru, karaexistzaiaruexistson, zonfree, [to~]houhanasu, hanatsu, hanarerugrow dark; come to an end; livebokureru, kurasulifekatsulifesei, shouikiru, ikasu, ikeru, umareru, umu, ou, haeru, hayasu, ki, namaMr., manner, conditionyousamaoccasionsaikiwaquasi; ratifyjunrarechinmezurashiiresidejuusumu, sumauresidekyoirusimpletansimplebokusimplekanstaytai [stay, stopping over]todokouruagainst [opposed]tai, tsuiagainst, [anti-]han, hon, tansoru, sorasuarrestkouarrest [apprehend]taiattackbatsuattackkousemeruattackshuuosouattacktouutsuattackgekiutsubrandishkichallengechouidomucollideshoucompetekyou, keikisou, seruconflictsouarasoudefeathaiyaburerudefeat; losefumakeru, makasu, ouencroachshinokasuenemytekikatakifighttoutatakauhit [assault]ounaguruopposekoustubborngantenaciousshitsu, shuutoruthreatkakuthreatenkyouobiyakasu, odosu, odokasuasjo, nyoas, likezen, nenfurthermore; respectshoumoreovertadashiandkatsubend [yield]kutsuconsentdakuexemptionmenmanukarerupermitkyoyurusurecognize, approve ofninmitomeruboilfutsuwaku, wakasuboilshaniru, nieru, niyasubrewjoukamosuburnnenmoeru, moyasu, mosucooksuitakugrill, [to~]shouyaku, yakerukilnyoukamasmokeenkemuru, kemuri, kemuiaccompanyhan, bantomonauaccompanyrentsuranaru, tsuraneru, tsureruagree tokouagreement; clause [legal]kanagreement; praisesantasukeru; tataerualliance; oathmeiapologizeshaayamarucorrectzecorrectsei, shoutadashii, tadasu, masacorrect, [to~]teicorrect, [to]kyoutamerucriticismhicriticizehyoujusticegipatheticaiaware, awaremucalculatesaneighthachiya, yatsu, yattsu, youequal; counter for small animalshitsuhikihundredhyakuhundred millionokuninekyuu, kukokono, kokonotsunumbergounumbersuu, sukazu, kazoerunumber (order)bannumber prefixdainumber two in a seriesotsuoneichi, itsuhito, hitotsuone, [the numberichionlyyui, itenjuu, ji'tou, toten thousandman, banthird in a seriesheithousandsenchithousandthrinthreesanmi, mitsu, mittsutimeskai, emawaru, mawasutwonifuta, futatsutwo, [number]nizero, spillreicounter for bookssatsu, sakucounter for cupfulshaisakazukicounter for sheetsmaicounter for shipssekifivegoitsu, itsutsufloor of a buildingkaifourshiyo, yotsu, yottsu, yonindividualkosevenshichinana, nanatsu, nanosingle; counter for inanimate objectskasixrokumu, mutsu, muttsu, muiyears oldsai, seicover; concealfukuouu, kutsugaesu, kutsugaerucover; suffer [incur]hikoumuruplug upchitsuplug, [a]senspyteicrimehanokasucrime; sinzaitsumideceitgiazamukukidnapkailiesalie [a]giitsuwaru, niseprisongokurobber; rebelzokustealtounusumustealsetsucustoms, [folk]zokufascinate, [to~]mihabithekikuselunatickyoukuruu, kuruoshiimysteriousgenphantasmgenmaboroshistandardjunstandardkistrangekistray; excelitsuusualjoutsune, tokodangerouskiabunai, ayaui, ayabumudanger; fearosoredisasteryakudaringkanrisk, [to]bouokasucoffinkandeathshishinudeceasedbou, mounaidieseiyukughostkionigravebohakakillsatsu, sai, setsukorosumausoleumryoumisasagimournkiimu, imawashiispiritrei, ryoutamatombfuntombstonehibreaksaikudaku, kudakerucollapsehoukuzureru, kuzusudissolveyuueradicatezetsutaeru, tayasu, tatsuextinguishshoukieru, kesufalldafalltsuiochirufallrakuochiru, otosufallkanochiiru, otoshiirerufall downtoutaoreru, taosufall to ruin; destroymetsuhorobiru, horobosumeltyoutokeru, tokasu, tokuprostratedfukufuseru, fusurotkyuukuchirurotfukusaru, kusareru, kusarasutear [rip]hayaburu, yaburerutear [rip]retsusaku, sakerutear downkaikowasu, kowareruwanehaisutareru, sutaruwhittle down; delete; curtailsakukezuruwitherkokareru, karasudetailedshoukuwashiiburymaiumeru, umaru, umoreruburysouhoumurudigkutsuhoruholekouholeketsuanahole; Confuciuskouabbreviationryakuabove-statedgaicertainkakutashika, tashikamerucertain, [a]bouchaptershoucharacter, [written]jiazacharacter, [written]bun, monfumicharthyouomote, arawasu, arawarerucompose a poemeiyomudialect; valvebenexplanationshakulecturekounarratejonarrative [history]kiopinionsetsu, zeitokuparagraphkoupoemshiprefacejorhymeinsayshinmoususummaryshoutalkwahanasu, hanashitalkgo [word]kataru, katarautopicdaitranslateyakuwakewordsshiwriteshokakuwrite downkishirusuchoosetakudecidetei, jousadameru, sadamaru, sadakadecidedantatsu, kotowarudecideketsukimeru, kimarudecidesaitatsu, sabakudecide; stamphan, bandeliberation; proposalgidiscriminate, knowshikidistinctionsasasuselectsenerabudistributehaikubarudivideboudividekatsuwaru, wari, wareru, sakudivide; distributehanseparatebetsuwakareruseparate; keep apartrihanareru, hanasudoido [deferential]chiitasugive; carry outshi, sehodokosuundertaking, [an]gyou, gouwazaarticlehinshinaclausekuclausejoudocumentshidraftkouinscriptionmeirecordrokuregister [book]boregister, [a]chouregister, [family~]sekisectionkasectionsetsu, sechifushisectionkadriptekishizuku, shitatarudropsuitareru, tarasudutymutsutomeruresponsibilityninmakaseru, makasuconvenientben, bintayoridifficultnankatai, muzukashiieasyeki, iyasashiieffortdotsutomerueffortbenendureninshinobu, shinobaseruendurekantaeruenduretaitaeruexertkyuuoyobu , oyobi, oyobosu spiritsei, shouspiritedyuuisamudancebumau, maibellrei, rinsuzubellshoukanechantshoutonaeruchantyouutai, utaudramagekidrumkotsuzumientertainkou, kyouokoru, okosuflutetekifuego [chess] kigo [Japanese chess]gokoto [musical instrument]kinkotomovie:reflect; project eiutsuru, utsusu, haerumusic, [play~]soukanaderumusic, [sheet]; [a] recordfuperformenrecitegincalamitykadisastersaiwazawaidisaster; misfortuneyakuevilheievil, misfortunekyouwickedjawitchmaextreme, [an]kyoku, gokukiwameru, kiwamaru, kiwamigrow thickmoshigerureach a [desperate] extremekyuukiwameru, kiwamaruremainderzannokoru, nokosusatedhouakiru, akasusuperfluousjousurplusjousurplusyuuact in place of; takesetsuchangehenkawaru, kaeruexchangekankaeru, kawaruexchangetaikaeru, kawaruexchange; period [of time]; feedai, taikawaru, kaeru, yo, shiroreformkaiaratameru, aratamarutradeboutransfer; yieldjouyuzuruturn [oneself] intoka, kebakeru, bakasuturn into; bewitchturn overhonhirugaeru, hirugaesuavoidhisakerublockbousamatagerublockshasaegirudiscreet [be]; refrainshintsutsushimuescapetounigeru, nigasu, nogasu, nogareruexcludehaiexcludejo, jinozokuexpungematsuhampersohabamuhidetokuhideinkakusu, kakureruleft overyoamaru, amasunude; omitdatsunugu, nugerupreventboufuseguprohibitkinrefusekyokobamuresistteiretreat; repelsekisecretmitsusecrethihimeruset asidesoshun; estrangedsoutoi, utomusubmerge; lurksenhisomu, mogurubroadenkakuexpandtenprolongennobiru, noberu, nobasuspreadfushikuswellboufukuramu, fukureruswellchouancestorsobridegroomseimukofeudal lordhandaughtermusumeelder brother; insects; laterkonunclehakufatherfuchichifilial pietykougenerationssei, seyograndchildsonmagoheirshihome countryhouhome townkyou, gouhusbandfu, fuuottoinheritkeitsugumarriageinmarriagekonmarry [a man]kayome, totsugumotherbohahaolder brotherkei, kyouaniolder sistershianeparentshinoya, shitashii, shitashimusonrousurnameshiujisurnamesei, shousystem; lineagekeiuncleshukuwifesaitsumawifefuyounger brothertei, dai, deotoutoyounger sistermaiimoutobreak ground (farm)konclear [ land]takuclodkaikatamaricultivatebaitsuchikaufarmingnoufertilizerhikoeru, koe, koyashi, koyasufieldgenharafieldyanofield, [tilled~]hata, hatakegardenensonogardenteiniwapasturebokumakiplant, [to~]shokuueru, uwaruplantingsaiplowkoutagayasuraise animalschikureapkarurice paddydentanarrowkyousemai, sebameru, sebamaruslendersenthickkouatsuithinsaihosoi, hosoru, komaka, komakaiwidekouhiroi, hiromaru, hiromeru, hirogaru, hirogerufearkyouosoreru, osoroshiifrighteningfukowaifiercemourampagebou, bakuabaku, abareruriotranmidareru, midasuviolentgekihageshiiviolentkouarai, areru, arasualcohol [drink]shusake, sakabanquetenconsume [at a coffee shop]kitsudairy productsrakudrunk, [get~]suiyoueat, mealshoku, jikikuu, kurau, taberufoodryou, roukatehungrykiuerujuicejoushiro; tsuyumealhanmeshimeatnikumilknyuuchichi, chipickletsukeru, tsukarusaltenshiosoupjuushiruspicyshinkaraistarvegasugartouteacha, sathirstkatsukawakuvinegarsakusuwine, [pour~]shakukumurepeatedlyhintemporaryzantemporaryka, kekariwithout failhitsukanarazucompanion; uselesstofriendyuutomofriendsoufriendshipkonnengoromutuallygotagaiphase; minister; togethersou, shouairelatedkansekirelation; edgeenfuchirelationshipchuunakacontentmentdafullmanmichiru, mitasufullness; frequenthanwholezenmattakuboardhan, banitacurtainmaku, bakudecorateshokukazarudeskkitsukuedesk; greattakudoorkotodoorhitobirafloor; bedshoutoko, yukafurnish; possessbisonaeru, sonawarupodiumdan, tanseatsekishelfhoutana, -danafar; widespread; generalhengeneralfugeneralsougeneralhangeneral; approximategaigistshimunegist; elegance; appearanceshuomomukimiscellaneouszatsu, zouAsia, sub-aboundarykyou, keisakaicapitalkyou, keicapitalto, tsumiyakocavedouhoraChinese; flower; showyka, kehanacountrykokukunicountygundesert; vaguebakuenclosure; red light districtkakuEuropeouheadlandmisakihillkyuuokahillocktsukaislandtoushimalandchi, jilandrikuswampshounumamountainsanyamamountaingakutakemountain passtougepromontorysakiprovinceshuusuravinekyoureefshouregionikislopehansakasuburbkousummithoumineTang Dynastytoukaravalleykeivalleykokutanivillagesonmuravillagechoumachivillagerisatodistrictkuwardchou, teiwoodsrinhayashigrantyoataerugrantshitamawaruhang; offerken, kekakeru, kakaruintroduceshouwelcomegeimukaerugokyo, kosarugokou, gyou, aniku, yuku, okonauproceed; becomefuomomukuvisitshiukagauvisithouotozureru, tazuneruvisit (a doctor); threesanmairuballothyoucourtsteiemperorteiemperorkou, ouemperor's sealjiempresskougoverntousuberugovernryougovern, peace, healji, chiosameru, osamaru, naoru, naosugovernmentsei, shoumatsurigotogovernment ministry; reflect [upon]sei, shoukaerimiru, habukugovernment officechougovernment officeshohegemonyhaimperial decreechokuimperial edictshoumikotonorikingoumagesties; (steps to the) throneheinoble [rank]shakumarquiskouofficial, [an]riprefecturefuprefecturekenprincesshimeprincesshirightsken, gontyrantgyakushiitageruwheatbakumugibamboochikutakebeanstou, zumameblossomsakubranchshisasaerubranchshiedabushjucedarsugicherry treeousakurachrysanthemumkikuear [of grain]suihofirewoodshintagakiflourfunko, konaflowerkahanaforestshinmorifruit, fruitionkahatasu, hateru, hategrainkokugrainsryuutsubugrassshibagrasssoukusaharvestkakuhedgekakihempmaasahuskkakukaraleafyouhamulberrysoukuwapeach treetoumomopineshoumatsupotatoimoricebei, maikomerice planttouine, inarootkonneseaweedsoumoseedlingbyounae, nawasproutgamestalkkeikukitreeboku, mokuki, kotrunkkanmikitrunkdouume [Japanese apricot]baiumevegetablesainawillowryuuyanagicongealgyoukoru, korasuhardkokatameru, katamaru, kataihardkenkataihardkoukataihard; tightkinwind [reel]; look up [in a reference book]kurudespise; vulgarhiiyashii, iyashimu, iyashimerudislikeken, genkirau, iyagrudge, [bear a~]konuramu, urameshiihatebuanadoruhatezounikumu, nikui, nikurashii, nikushimiresentfunikidourublindmoudiarrheariepidemiceki, yakugermkinhealryouhealyuhealthkouhealthykensukoyakaill, [be]kanwazurauillness; rapidshitsuinjuryshoukizu, itamu, itameruinjurygaiinjury; hindershousawarumedicine; dosezaimedicineimedicineyakukusuripaintsuuitai, itamu, itamerupoisondokusickbyou, heiyamu, yamaismallpoxtousufferkukurushii, kurushimu, kurushimeru, nigai, nigarusymptomsshoulightkeikarui, karoyakathick (coffee)noukoithin (of a fluid)tanawaithin [weak]hakuusui, usumeru, usumaru, usuragu, usureruheavyjuu, choue, omoi, kasaneru, kasanaruhopekihopebou, mounozomuclumsysetsumediocreyoufoolishguorokairrationalmou, boumediocrebon, hanpoor quality; pack horsedaincludeganfukumu, fukumeruinsertkyouhasamu, hasamaruinsertsousasuinterpose [insert]; become estrangedkakuhedateru, hedataruintervalkan, kenaida, maevidenceshouakashiinspectionetsuinvestigatekeninvestigatesainvestigatechoushiraberu, totonou, totonoeruinvestigationkyuukiwamerutestshikokoromiru, tamesutest; beneficial effectken, genexamineshinexamine [e.g., medical]shinmiruexamine [inquire]; twistkyuucelebrateshuku, shuuiwaucheerfulkaikokoroyoiecstasyetsuenjoy, receivekyouflusteredkouawateru, awatadashiipleasuregopleasureyupleasuregaku, rakutanoshii, tanoshimupleasurekanrejoicekiyorokoburejoice; congratulatekeiaccumulatesekitsumu, tsumoruaccumulationruicollectshuuatsumaru, atsumeru, tsudoucontinuezokutsuzuku, tsuzukeruholdjimotsuhold; stayryuu, rutomeru, tomarustore, [to]; savechikutakuwaeruwarehousesoukurawarehouseko, kuwarehousezoukuralackketsukakeru, kakuneedyouirupoorhin, binmazushiiwretchedsan, zanmijimecodetenlawritsu, richilawkenlawhou, ha', ho'legitimatechakulazydalazy, [be]; neglectmanlazy; neglecttaiokotaru, namakeruaccustomedkannareru, narasucopy (imitate), followhounaraulearnshuunaraustudygakumanabuleisurekanleisure, [at~]kahimaleisure; distantyuurestkyuuyasumu, yasumaru, yasumerurestkeiikoi, ikouloseshitsuushinaulosssonsokonau, sokoneruloverenkou, koi, koishiiloveailikekoukonomu, sukuwish foryokuhossuru, hoshiiloyaltychuurighteousness, chastityteibountifulhouyutakagoodzenyoigoodryouyoigood [appropriate]gigood luckkichi, kitsugood; beautifulkahappinessshihappinesskousaiwai, sachi, shiawasehappinessshouluckfukuprospereisakaeru, hae, haeruprospersei, joumoru, sakaru, sakanprosperity; [a] riseryuurichfu, fuutomu, tomiwealthzai, saiaban