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The Judicial Branch Lower Federal Courts

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The Judicial Branch

Lower Federal Courts

• 2 Basic Types– Constitutional Federal Courts– Legislative Federal Courts

• Constitutional Courts– Federal District Courts– Federal Courts of Appeals– United States Court of International

Trade

Page 3: The Judicial Branch Lower Federal Courts. 2 Basic Types –C–Constitutional Federal Courts –L–Legislative Federal Courts Constitutional Courts –F–Federal

• Created in 1789• 94 districts exist today• Trial courts for both criminal & civil federal

cases• Workhorse of federal judiciary• Jurisdiction

– Issues of federal statutory or constitutional law– Some cases involving citizens of different

states

Page 4: The Judicial Branch Lower Federal Courts. 2 Basic Types –C–Constitutional Federal Courts –L–Legislative Federal Courts Constitutional Courts –F–Federal

• 2 Types of Juries in Criminal Cases– Grand Jury (16-23 people)

• Hears charges• Decides if there will be a trial (indictment)

or if the charges are dropped

– Petit Jury or Trial Jury (6-12 people)• Weigh evidence• Criminal (guilt or not guilty)• Civil (plaintiff or defendant)

Page 5: The Judicial Branch Lower Federal Courts. 2 Basic Types –C–Constitutional Federal Courts –L–Legislative Federal Courts Constitutional Courts –F–Federal

Page 6: The Judicial Branch Lower Federal Courts. 2 Basic Types –C–Constitutional Federal Courts –L–Legislative Federal Courts Constitutional Courts –F–Federal

• U.S. Attorney– Prosecute criminals & represent the U.S.

in civil suits

• U.S. Magistrate– Issue warrants & decide if a case should

go to the grand jury

• Bankruptcy Judge– Bankruptcy cases

• U.S. Marshals– Makes arrests, securing jurors, & keep

order

• Deputy clerks, bailiffs, & stenographer help the clerk

Page 7: The Judicial Branch Lower Federal Courts. 2 Basic Types –C–Constitutional Federal Courts –L–Legislative Federal Courts Constitutional Courts –F–Federal

• Created in 1891• Ease the workload of the Supreme

Court• 13 of them• 12 (1 in each district) & a special one

with national jurisdiction• Heard by a panel of 3 judges or

sometimes all of them

Page 8: The Judicial Branch Lower Federal Courts. 2 Basic Types –C–Constitutional Federal Courts –L–Legislative Federal Courts Constitutional Courts –F–Federal

•3 options–Stick with the original decision

–Reverse the original decision

–Send it back to have the case tried again

Page 9: The Judicial Branch Lower Federal Courts. 2 Basic Types –C–Constitutional Federal Courts –L–Legislative Federal Courts Constitutional Courts –F–Federal

•Used to be called the U.S. Customs Court

• Jurisdiction: cases dealing with tariffs

•Based in New York City but it’s a national court

•Also hear cases in port cities (New Orleans & San Francisco)

Page 10: The Judicial Branch Lower Federal Courts. 2 Basic Types –C–Constitutional Federal Courts –L–Legislative Federal Courts Constitutional Courts –F–Federal

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