the kazakhstan’s architecture of the ancientry and the middle ages (the forms summation) /...

***** THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE

of the Ancientry and the Middle Ages (THE FORMS SUMMATION)

Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV

STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE the Series of thematic brochures

Almaty, 2016

***

UDC 72.03 (574/575) THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Ancientry and the Middle Ages (THE FORMS SUMMATION) / Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV. – The Thematic brochures series: STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE. – Almaty, 2016. – 23 p.

It is the first of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 102 images of 86 buildings, constructed in Ancient and Medieval times. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.

For architects, art-critics and historians. Keywords: History of the Architecture, Architecture of the Ancientry, Architecture of the Middle Ages, Architectural styles, Kazakhstan The front cover: The Karakhan mausoleum (Satuq-Bugra Khan), Taraz (X c.)

C Samoilov K.I., 2016

THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Ancientry and the Middle Ages (THE FORMS SUMMATION) Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2016

3

CONTENT INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………

4

ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE ANCIENTRY AND THE MIDDLE AGES ………………………..

6

Set of objects on figures .....…………………………………………………………………………………..

18

BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

21

Briefly about the Author ……………………………………………………………………………………….

22


4

INTRODUCTION

Architecture of Kazakhstan is represented by specific phenomenon. The republic is situated in the

center of Euro-Asian continent and its territory and poli-ethnic population was multiply involved in major political and economic cataclysms within centuries-old history, alternating by periods of relatively even development. It was naturally reflected on the environment formation. Moreover, every time this process was corrected considering different levels stability of natural-climate and engineering-geological conditions of different areas, availability of local and delivered construction materials, production resources development levels, economics specifics, morals and manner of people, period of residence in the present area and administrative-territorial divisions formed and dissolved public authorities.

Large territory of Kazakhstan comprises parts of number of natural-climate regions with multi-national population living in different level of compactness, including local people and migrants issues who were resettled different period on these lands. Since antiquity and in Middle Ages poli-atnic culture assimilation was developed due to natural and climate factors, controlled corresponding types of management, morals and manners and architectural forms.

Architectural-cultural forms depending on factors are used in different compositions with each others. Their variety considering not only peculiarity of separate components but also new inter-forming deference, comprises collection, which can be structured by any way with definite level of conditional character. Grouping of architectural-artistic forms, which existed different periods of architecture development in Kazakhstan are dominated in plastic construction of theme forms deferential variety, which allows to review evolution of its continents.

This Brochure is part of the Thematic brochures series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)” [7]:

- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Ancientry and the Middle Ages (THE FORMS SUMMATION);

- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Nineteenth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS

SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of 1920’s – the First half of 1930’s (THE FORMS

SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Second half of 1930’s – the Beginning of 1940’s

(THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Mid-1940's – the Mid-1950's (THE FORMS

SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Ending of 1950's – 1960's (THE FORMS

SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of 1970's – 1980's (THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of 1990's (THE FORMS SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Early of the Twenty First century (THE FORMS

SUMMATION); - THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE from the Ancientry to the Twenty First century Early (THE

FORMS EVOLUTION). The Brochure includes 102 images of 86 buildings, constructed in Ancient and Medieval times (12

figures: 1 map, 87 photos, 15 drawings, 1 table of the Forms Summation with 35 images). The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.


5

Figure 1. THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE KAZAKHSTAN

1. Asia (the Physical map)


6

ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE ANCIENTRY AND THE MIDDLE AGES

The basic architectural forms reached our eyes more or less safe from ancient and Middle Ages

are chronologically fixed from the time of architecture origin to the end of XVIII century which form the following ensemble.

Ancient period is indicative by architectural forms designed by natural forms and structures made from crude or particular treated different sized stones. Large stones are basically located vertically single situated or by groups. Their forms and location is defined by different associative rows. Square, accurate and round laying are made from fine and middle size stones singly and in combination with timbered – pole structures, ramble, turf and skinning layers. Land and clay embankment created solid and coreless, covered, semi-covered and open structures. Semi-processed and unprocessed surfaces are particularly covered by colored, low-relief and color-relief. An accent of architectural decision with basically lack of significant plastic details is evident in volumetric – planning decisions.

VI-X centuries period is characterized by architectural forms connected with development of different types bricklaying. The walls of the structures have different forms and have tired articulation, embrasures are crowned by arks, semi-spherical and spherical-conical domes have small raise. There are truncated coned and hip crowns, thus, basically in tower. There is combination of plastered and unplastered surfaces and separate details used. By the end of the present period there are structures, in which different figured brickwork is accompanied by mountings from glassing and terracotta tiles. Undeveloped ports are crowned by small turrets with close lamps.

XI century architecture is characterized by use of multi-absorbed bays, round rosettes, frames, notched sashes, half and three-quartered columns with cubic – spherical caps in building elevation, which are used in combination with simple terracotta fancy and shaped tiles in form of fragment and complete lining. There are ribbed coned domes on simple and multi-angled bowls. Facades are flanked by three-quartered towers with tiered detailing. Portal-domical structures are formed by the end of XII – XIII centuries. The walls are divided by scoops and settings, free or filled by glazing tiles. The plane of work is carried out particular or complete by different manner of figured works and by multicolored bricks. There is domes lining over the main structure by glazing tiles. Arched cover of bays and embrasures have lancet and rear semi-circular form. Three-quartered columns are constructed by figured bases. There are structures from large processed stones with simple plastics of facades. By the end of XIV century there are single large structures with fine-detailed plastics accompanied by complete poli-chromic lining with subject to epigraphy reflection. Domes lined by glazing tiles or bricks with enamel have smooth and sometimes crimped surface. Combination of glazing bricks and multi-colored mosaic in lining is evident in XV century. In combination with portal decisions cone formed domes start being used. By beginning of XVIII there are structures with high elliptic and spherical – coned domes appeared on four – eight angled and round basis of different height. Domes lining by ceramic tiles includes medallions and plastered drawings. For XVIII century structures from processed (sometimes bright) and rear unprocessed are indicative. Different sized bays, pylons, scoops, ledges and different forms of figured works are used. Sharing and figured works from ordinary and shaped brick with application of archivolts, stages, settings, pylons and scoops.

After number of evolution stages among various types of mobile houses the dominating place was occupied by yurta, which architectural decision was made by XIX and was developed from monochromic basic bearing walls roofs structure, relief – painted door, mono – poli-chromic banded or patterned fixing elements and wall barriers as well as monochromic external cover with patterned applicative settings and poli-chromic fancy floor.


7

Figure 2. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANCIENTRY

1. A

tasu

ysko

e se

ttlem

ent,

Kost

anay

regi

on (X

II-XI

c. B

C.);

2. C

ave

Tesi

k-Ta

s, K

arag

anda

regi

on; 3

. Cys

titis

, Kar

agan

da re

gion

; 4. T

omb

Bugu

ly, K

arag

anda

regi

on (X

-VIII

c. B

C.);

5.

Dol

men

, Syn

guyr

1, K

osta

nay

regi

on (X

-VIII

c. B

C.);

6. W

alkw

ay o

f men

hirs

(kan

at-ta

s), K

osta

nay

regi

on; 7

. Tum

ulus

sub

stru

ctio

ns, A

tyra

u re

gion

; 8. W

alkw

ay o

f men

hirs

(kan

at-ta

s),

Kara

gand

a re

gion

; 9. S

tone

con

stru

ctio

n –

Dyn

g; 1

0. M

enhi

r (Sy

m-ta

s), K

osta

nay

regi

on; 1

1. M

enhi

r (Sy

m-ta

s) –

sta

tue

of th

e Be

ar, K

osta

nay

regi

on.


8

Figure 3. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANCIENTRY

1. T

umul

us-fe

nce

#1, B

uria

l Tek

e-Bu

lak,

Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(XII-

VIII

c. B

C.);

2. B

abis

h-M

ulla

h-2

mau

sole

um, K

yzyl

orda

regi

on (m

id-I

mille

nniu

m B

C);

3. K

arau

ltobe

tum

ulus

, s.K

aras

pan,

So

uth

Kaza

khst

an re

gion

(V c

. BC

-. I

c. A

D.);

4. F

uner

al C

ompl

ex N

orth

Tag

iske

n, K

yzyl

orda

regi

on (I

X- V

III c

. BC

); 5.

Tum

ulus

18

(afte

r exc

avat

ion)

, s.B

erel

, Eas

t-Kaz

akhs

tan

regi

on (I

m

illenn

ium

BC

); 6.

5a

Mau

sole

um, F

uner

ary

com

plex

Nor

th T

agis

ken,

Kyz

ylor

da re

gion

(IX-

VIII

c. B

C.);

7. M

enhi

rs, c

ompl

ex B

essh

atyr

(VI -

III c

. BC

.); 8

. Ord

abas

y tu

mul

us, s

.Bad

am,

Sout

h Ka

zakh

stan

regi

on (V

cen

tury

BC

-. I

cent

ury

AD.);

9. S

ettlm

ent A

ltyn-

Asar

, Kyz

ylor

da re

gion

(IV

c. B

C -.

VI c

. AD

.); 1

0. T

umul

us, s

.Mih

aylo

vka,

Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(V c

. BC

-.

I c. A

D.);

11.

Bal

andy

-2 m

auso

leum

, Kyz

ylor

da re

gion

(IV-

II c

. BC

); 12

. Shi

rik-ra

bad

mau

sole

um, K

yzyl

orda

regi

on (I

V - I

I c. B

C.)


9

Figure 4. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES

1. S

ardo

ba Y

ucca

, Gol

odna

ia S

tepp

e (V

I-IX

c.);

2, 6

. Tow

er B

egim

Ana

, Kyz

ylor

da re

gion

(IX-

XI c

.); 3

. Sar

doba

Mur

za-R

abad

, Gol

odna

ia S

tepp

e (V

I-IX

c.);

4. T

empl

e of

the

Fire

, s.

Kost

obe,

Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(VII

- IX

c.);

5. A

kyr-t

ash

Com

plex

(wal

l uni

t), Z

ham

byl r

egio

n (V

III -

IX c

.); 7

. Tow

er S

arah

Am

and-

Xhos

a, K

yzyl

orda

regi

on (I

X-XI

c.,

build

. Jab

a an

d Ai

dos)

; 8, 9

. Kar

akha

n m

auso

leum

(Sat

uq-B

ugra

Kha

n), T

araz

(X c

.); 1

0, 1

1. B

abaj

i Kha

tun

Mau

sole

um, p

. Ais

ha-B

ibi,

Zham

byl r

egio

n (X

I c.).


10


1, 2

, 3, 4

, 5 ,

6, 7

. Ais

ha-B

ibi m

auso

leum

, s. A

isha

-Bib

i, Zh

amby

l reg

ion

(XI c

.).


11


1, 3

. Ala

sha

Khan

Mau

sole

um, K

arag

anda

regi

on (X

III c

.); 2

. Aya

kham

yr M

auso

leum

, Zhe

zkaz

gan

regi

on (X

II c.

); 4.

Sar

ly-T

am "I

nkar

Dar

ya" M

auso

leum

, Kyz

ylor

da re

gion

(bui

ld. J

amal

H

ayat

, 127

9); 5

, 6. K

erde

ry M

auso

leum

, Kyz

ylor

da re

gion

(end

of t

he X

III- X

IV c

.); 7

. Joc

hi K

han

Mau

sole

um, Z

hezk

azga

n re

gion

(122

8-12

30);

8. S

arly

-Tam

"Jea

na-D

arya

" Mau

sole

um -

rest

orat

ion,

Kyz

ylor

da re

gion

(XIV

c.);

9, 1

2, 1

3. S

ham

ansu

r (D

avud

bek)

Mau

sole

um -

reco

nstru

ctio

n, T

araz

(XIII

c.);

10.

Bel

euli

Car

avan

-sar

ai, A

tyra

u (X

IV c

.); 1

1. A

ksum

be W

atch

Tow

er,

s. A

ksum

be, S

outh

Kaz

akhs

tan

regi

on (X

II-XI

V ce

ntur

ies.

).


12


1, 2

, 3, 4

, 5. K

hoja

Ahm

ed Y

asaw

i Mau

sole

um-k

hana

ka Y

asaw

i, Tu

rkes

tan

(138

9-13

99).


13


1. N

orth

ern

wal

l, s.

Sau

ran,

Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(XIII

-XVI

II c.

); 2.

The

Tow

er o

f the

Eas

tern

wal

l, s.

Sau

ran,

Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(XIII

-XVI

II c.

); 3.

Ism

ail-a

ta C

ompl

ex, s

. Tur

bat,

Sout

h Ka

zakh

stan

regi

on (X

I-XIX

c.);

4. W

all,

s. S

aura

n, S

outh

Kaz

akhs

tan

regi

on (X

III-X

VIII

c.);

5. B

uddh

ist s

anct

uary

, Alm

aty

regi

on (L

ate

Mid

dle

Ages

); 6.

Isha

k-at

a C

ompl

ex, s

. Tur

bat,

Sout

h Ka

zakh

stan

regi

on (t

he M

iddl

e Ag

es);

7. K

oshk

ar-a

ta M

auso

leum

, s. T

urba

t, So

uth

Kaza

khst

an re

gion

(the

Mid

dle

Ages

); 8.

Mos

que,

s. T

urba

t, So

uth

Kaza

khst

an re

gion

(lat

e M

iddl

e Ag

es);

9. C

hilly

ahan

a, s

. Tur

bat,

Sout

h Ka

zakh

stan

regi

on (t

he M

iddl

e Ag

es);

10. I

smai

l-ata

Mau

sole

um, s

. Tur

bat,

Sout

h Ka

zakh

stan

regi

on (X

I-XIX

c.).


14


1. K

ulak

-ata

Mau

sole

um, s

. Suz

ak, S

outh

Kaz

akhs

tan

regi

on (X

IV c

.); 2

. Aba

t-Bay

tak

Mau

sole

um, A

ktob

e re

gion

(XV

c.);

3. K

ok K

esen

e M

auso

leum

, Kyz

ylor

da re

gion

(XV

c.);

4. A

san-

ata

Mau

sole

um, K

yzyl

orda

regi

on (X

VI c

.); 5

. Kos

mol

a M

auso

leum

, Wes

t Kaz

akhs

tan

(XVI

c.);

6. K

osm

ola

#1 M

auso

leum

, Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(XVI

I c.);

7. S

hic-

Niy

az M

auso

leum

, Kyz

ylor

da

regi

on (X

VII c

.); 8

. Kos

mol

a #2

Mau

sole

um, S

emip

alat

insk

regi

on (X

VII c

.); 9

. Kar

mak

chi-a

ta M

auso

leum

(XVI

I c.);

10.

Bat

h, T

urke

stan

(XVI

-XVI

II c.

); 11

. Yes

im K

han

Mau

sole

um,

Turk

esta

n (X

VII c

.).


15


1. K

aras

hash

-ana

Mau

sole

um, s

. Sai

ram

, Sou

th K

azak

hsta

n re

gion

(XVI

II c.

); 2.

Zhu

nus-

ata

Mau

sole

um, s

. Ica

hn, S

outh

Kaz

akhs

tan

regi

on (X

VIII

c.);

3. T

he M

auso

leum

, a n

ecro

polis

Ka

mys

pay

(XVI

II c.

); 4.

Ak-

Shur

a M

auso

leum

(XVI

II c.

); 5.

Tor

tkul

ak B

aysu

ltan,

Sem

ipal

atin

sk re

gion

(XVI

II c.

); 6.

Tor

tkul

ak T

ogul

-byt

yr, S

emip

alat

insk

regi

on (X

VIII

c.);

7. T

he G

ate

of th

e C

itade

l, Tu

rkes

tan

(XVI

II-XI

X c.

); 8.

Dol

y-ap

a M

auso

leum

(XVI

II c.

).


16

Figure 11. NOMAD MOBILE BUILDINGS AND COLLAPSIBLE BUILDINGS

1. M

obile

and

col

laps

ible

tent

(the

Fig

ure

by R

ubru

k), 2

. Mob

ile a

nd c

olla

psib

le te

nt (t

he F

igur

e by

Mar

co P

olo

– XI

II c.

), 3.

Yur

t (th

e Ira

nian

min

iatu

re) –

from

figu

res

by K

.Ibra

eva;

4.

Anci

ent T

urki

c yu

rt (th

e be

ginn

ing

XIII

– th

e XI

V c.

), 5.

Edz

henh

orey

yur

t and

Haz

arey

yur

ty, 6

. Yur

t of M

ongo

lian

nobi

lity

(the

mid

dle

of th

e XV

c. )

, 7. Y

urt o

f Mon

golia

n no

bilit

y (th

e en

d of

th

e XV

of t

he fi

rst h

alf o

f the

XVI

c.),

8. M

ongo

lian

yurt

(XV

– th

e se

cond

hal

f of t

he X

VI c

.), 9

. Kaz

akh

yurt

(XIX

– b

egin

ning

of t

he X

X c.

) – fr

om f

igur

es b

y B.

Gla

udin

ov; 1

0. T

he M

ongo

lian

yurt,

11.

Kal

myk

yur

t (To

rgou

t yur

t) –

from

figu

res

by D

.Pyu

rvee

v; 1

2. T

urki

c ca

mpi

ng te

nts

(med

ieva

l min

iatu

re),

13. T

he n

omad

ic a

ul (X

IX –

beg

inni

ng o

f the

XX

c.),

14. K

azak

h yu

rt (X

IX

– be

ginn

ing

of th

e XX

c.)

– fro

m fi

gure

s by

K.Ib

raev

a;

Kaza

kh y

urt –

from

the

figur

e by

A.N

urdu

baev

a


17

Figure 12. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE ANCIENTRY AND THE MIDDLE AGES

Anc

ient

pe

riod

VI-X

c.

perio

d XI

c.

perio

d XV

-XVI

I c.

~

XIII

-XIV

c.

perio

d XV

III c

. pe

riod

Mob

ile

build

ings

Col

laps

ible

bu

ildin

gs


18

Set of objects on figures

Figure 1. THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE KAZAKHSTAN 1.Asia (the Physical map) Figure 2. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANCIENTRY 1. Atasuyskoe settlement, Kostanay region (XII-XI centuries BC.); 2. Cave Tesik-Tas, Karaganda region; 3. Cystitis, Karaganda region; 4. Tomb Buguly, Karaganda region (X-VIII centuries BC.); 5. Dolmen, Synguyr 1, Kostanay region (X-VIII centuries BC.); 6. Walkway of menhirs (kanat-tas), Kostanay region; 7. Tumulus substructions, Atyrau region; 8. Walkway of menhirs (kanat-tas), Karaganda region; 9. Stone construction – Dyng; 10. Menhir (Sym-tas), Kostanay region; 11. Menhir (Sym-tas) – statue of the Bear, Kostanay region. Figure 3. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANCIENTRY 1. Tumulus-fence #1, Burial Teke-Bulak, Semipalatinsk region (XII-VIII c. BC.); 2. Babish-Mullah-2 mausoleum, Kyzylorda region (mid-I millennium BC); 3. Karaultobe tumulus, s.Karaspan, South Kazakhstan region (V c. BC -. I c. AD.); 4. Funeral Complex North Tagisken, Kyzylorda region (IX- VIII c. BC); 5. Tumulus 18 (after excavation), s.Berel, East-Kazakhstan region (I millennium BC); 6. V-a Mausoleum, Funerary complex North Tagisken, Kyzylorda region (IX-VIII c. BC.); 7. Menhirs, complex Besshatyr (VI - III c. BC.); 8. Ordabasy tumulus, s.Badam, South Kazakhstan region (V century BC -. I century AD.); 9. Settlment Altyn-Asar, Kyzylorda region (IV c. BC -. VI c. AD.); 10. Tumulus, s.Mihaylovka, South Kazakhstan region (V c. BC -. I c. AD.); 11. Balandy-2 mausoleum, Kyzylorda region (IV- II c. BC); 12. Shirik-rabad mausoleum, Kyzylorda region (IV - II c. BC.) Figure 4. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES 1. Sardoba Yucca, Golodnaia Steppe (VI-IX c.); 2, 6. Tower Begim Ana, Kyzylorda region (IX-XI c.); 3. Sardoba Murza-Rabad, Golodnaia Steppe (VI-IX c.); 4. Temple of the Fire, s. Kostobe, South Kazakhstan region (VII - IX c.); 5. Akyr-tash Complex (wall unit), Zhambyl region (VIII - IX c.); 7. Tower Sarah Amand-Xhosa, Kyzylorda region (IX-XI c., build. Jaba and Aidos); 8, 9. Karakhan mausoleum (Satuq-Bugra Khan), Taraz (X c.); 10, 11. Babaji Khatun Mausoleum, s. Aisha-Bibi, Zhambyl region (XI c.). Figure 5. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7. Aisha-Bibi mausoleum, s. Aisha-Bibi, Zhambyl region (XI c.). Figure 6. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES 1, 3. Alasha Khan Mausoleum, Karaganda region (XIII c.); 2. Ayakhamyr Mausoleum, Zhezkazgan region (XII c.); 4. Sarly-Tam "Inkar Darya" Mausoleum, Kyzylorda region (build. Jamal Hayat, 1279); 5, 6. Kerdery Mausoleum, Kyzylorda region (end of the XIII- XIV c.); 7. Jochi Khan Mausoleum, Zhezkazgan region (1228-1230);


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8. Sarly-Tam "Jeana-Darya" Mausoleum - restoration, Kyzylorda region (XIV c.); 9, 12, 13. Shamansur (Davudbek) Mausoleum - reconstruction, Taraz (XIII c.); 10. Beleuli Caravan-sarai, Atyrau (XIV c.); 11. Aksumbe Watch Tower, s. Aksumbe, South Kazakhstan region (XII-XIV centuries.). Figure 7. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Khoja Ahmed Yasawi Mausoleum-khanaka Yasawi, Turkestan (1389-1399). Figure 8. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES 1. Northern wall, s. Sauran, South Kazakhstan region (XIII-XVIII c.); 2. The Tower of the Eastern wall, s. Sauran, South Kazakhstan region (XIII-XVIII c.); 3. Ismail-ata Complex, s. Turbat, South Kazakhstan region (XI-XIX c.); 4. Wall, s. Sauran, South Kazakhstan region (XIII-XVIII c.); 5. Buddhist sanctuary, Almaty region (Late Middle Ages); 6. Ishak-ata Complex, s. Turbat, South Kazakhstan region (the Middle Ages); 7. Koshkar-ata Mausoleum, s. Turbat, South Kazakhstan region (the Middle Ages); 8. Mosque, s. Turbat, South Kazakhstan region (late Middle Ages); 9. Chillyahana, s. Turbat, South Kazakhstan region (the Middle Ages); 10. Ismail-ata Mausoleum, s. Turbat, South Kazakhstan region (XI-XIX c.). Figure 9. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES 1. Kulak-ata Mausoleum, s. Suzak, South Kazakhstan region (XIV c.); 2. Abat-Baytak Mausoleum, Aktobe region (XV c.); 3. Kok Kesene Mausoleum, Kyzylorda region (XV c.); 4. Asan-ata Mausoleum, Kyzylorda region (XVI c.); 5. Kosmola Mausoleum, West Kazakhstan (XVI c.); 6. Kosmola #1 Mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (XVII c.); 7. Shic-Niyaz Mausoleum, Kyzylorda region (XVII c.); 8. Kosmola #2 Mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (XVII c.); 9. Karmakchi-ata Mausoleum (XVII c.); 10. Bath, Turkestan (XVI-XVIII c.); 11. Yesim Khan Mausoleum, Turkestan (XVII c.). Figure 10. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES 1. Karashash-ana Mausoleum, s. Sairam, South Kazakhstan region (XVIII c.); 2. Zhunus-ata Mausoleum, s. Icahn, South Kazakhstan region (XVIII c.); 3. The Mausoleum, a necropolis Kamyspay (XVIII c.); 4. Ak-Shura Mausoleum (XVIII c.); 5. Tortkulak Baysultan, Semipalatinsk region (XVIII c.); 6. Tortkulak Togul-bytyr, Semipalatinsk region (XVIII c.); 7. The Gate of the Citadel, Turkestan (XVIII-XIX c.); 8. Doly-apa Mausoleum (XVIII c.). Figure 11. NOMAD MOBILE AND COLLAPSIBLE BUILDING 1. Mobile and collapsible tent (the Drawing by Rubruk) – from the drawing by K.Ibraeva, 2. Mobile and collapsible tent (the Drawing by Marco Polo – XIII c.) – from the drawing by K.Ibraeva, 3. Yurt (the Iranian miniature) – from the drawing by K.Ibraeva; 4. Ancient Turkic yurt (the beginning XIII – the XIV c.) – from the drawing by B.Glaudinov, 5. Edzhenhorey yurt and Hazarey yurty– from the drawing by B.Glaudinov, 6. Yurt of Mongolian nobility (the middle of the XV c.) – from the drawing by B.Glaudinov, 7. Yurt of Mongolian nobility (the end of the XV of the first half of the XVI c.) – from the drawing by B.Glaudinov,


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8. Mongolian yurt (XV – the second half of the XVI c.) – from the drawing by B.Glaudinov, 9. Kazakh yurt (XIX – beginning of the XX c.) – from the drawing by B.Glaudinov; 10. The Mongolian yurt– from the drawing by D.Pyurveev, 11. Kalmyk yurt (Torgout yurt) – from the drawing by D.Pyurveev; 12. Turkic camping tents (medieval miniature) – from the drawing by K.Ibraeva, 13. The nomadic aul (XIX – beginning of the XX c.) – from the drawing by K.Ibraeva, 14. Kazakh yurt (XIX – beginning of the XX c.) – from the drawing by K.Ibraeva; 15. Kazakh yurt – from the drawing by A.Nurdubaeva. Figure 12. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE ANCIENTRY AND THE MIDDLE AGES (Image combinations with figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11) The Ancient period; VI-X c. period; XI c. period; XIII-XIV c. period ~ XV-XVII c. period; XVIII c. period; Mobile buildings; Collapsable buildings.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Azhigali, S.E. 2002, ‘Architecture of nomads – the phenomenon of the history and culture of

Eurasia (monuments of the Aral-Caspian region)’, Almaty. = Ажигали С.Е. Архитектура кочевников – феномен истории и культуры Евразии (памятники Арало-Каспийского региона). – Алматы: Гылым, 2002. – 652 с.

2. Baipakov, K.M. 1986, ‘Medieval city culture of the South Kazakhstan and the Semirechie’, Alma-Ata. = Байпаков К.М. Средневековая городская культура Южного Казахстана и Семиречья. - Алма-Ата: Наука, 1986.- 256 с.

3. Baitenov, E.M. 2004, ‘Memorial architecture of Kazakhstan: the evolution and problems of formation’, Almaty. = Байтенов Э.М. Мемориальное зодчество Казахстана: эволюция и проблемы формообразования. – Алматы: КазГАСА, 2004. – 243с.

4. Glaudinov, B. 1999, ‘History of Kazakhstan architecture (from ancient times to the beginning of the XX century)’, Almaty. = Глаудинов Б. История архитектуры Казахстана (с древних времен до начала XX века). Т.1. – Алматы: КазГАСА, 1999. -295 с.

5. Maidar, D., Pyurveev D. 1980, ‘From Nomadic to Mobile architecture’, Moscow. = Майдар Д., Пюрвеев Д.Б. От кочевой до мобильной архитектуры. - М.: Стройиздат, 1980.- 216 с.

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7. Samoilov, K.I. 2004, ‘ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)’, Moscow / Almaty. = Самойлов К.И. АРХИТЕКТУРА КАЗАХСТАНА ХХ ВЕКА (Развитие архитектурно-художественных форм). – Москва-Алматы: Издательство «М-АРи»дизайн, 2004. – 930 с.- ISBN 9965-576-17-3 < http://aasa.ent.sirsidynix.net.uk/client/en_GB/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:38427/ada;jsessionid=004783532D228A19DC82BBA36E16562D.enterprise-12800?qu=Artists+--+Twentieth+century.&ic=true&te=ILS&ps=300 > , < https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25898218M/ARCHITECTURE_OF_THE_KAZAKHSTAN_OF_THE_20-CENTURY_(Development_of_architectural-artistic_forms) >, < https://ru.scribd.com/doc/305852987/ARCHITECTURE-OF-THE-KAZAKHSTAN-OF-THE-20-CENTURY-Development-of-architectural-artistic-forms-by-Konstantin-I-Samoilov >, < http://www.twirpx.com/file/1917292/ >.

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The Scientific-methodological Edition

THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Ancientry and the Middle Ages (THE FORMS SUMMATION) / Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV. – the Thematic brochures series: STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE. – Almaty, 2016. – 23 p.

Signed in print – April 04, 2016. The Format – 60 x 84 1/8.

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the kazakhstan’s architecture of the ancientry and the middle ages (the forms summation) /...

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