The Kingdom ProtistaChapter 20

Its Friday – make a new friend

A B tests

Kirk Kyle JC

Colin Jordenne Kaitlyn B

Kaylee Tyler Nichole

Tat will

Tonja Danika

Jonathan Shay

Kaitlin Maazy

Rayelle Duncan

Alexander

Paula

Katrina Alex H

Sophie Ciera

Sasha Brandon

Erin Gabe

Get to know your partnerBy seeing if they know…..

What is the loudest animal on earth?

sound clip

Blue whales are the loudest animals on Earth

Their call reaches levels up to 188 decibels.

This low-frequency whistle can be heard for hundreds of miles.

Jets reach 140 decibels!

Human shouting is 70 decibels;

over 120 decibels are painful to human ears.

Video clips

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5MPbZZ4xJA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pjI2XkmoL0

How are Blue Whales and plankton connected?

Blue whales (like all baleen whales)

are seasonal feeders and carnivores that filter feed tiny crustaceans (krill, copepods, etc.), plankton, and small fish from the water.

Up to 9000 pounds of plankton each day!

The Food Chain

Blue whale Zooplankton Phytoplankton

PlanktonPhytoplankton:

Phytoplankton are primary producers (autotrophs).

Use chlorophyll to convert energy (from sunlight), inorganic chemicals (like nitrogen), and dissolved carbon dioxide gas into carbohydrates.

Zooplankton:

Zooplankton are microscopic animals that eat other plankton (heterotroph).

larval or very immature stages of larger animals,

single-celled animals, like foraminifera.

tiny crustaceans, like Daphnia.

Plankton

Plankton is the first link in the marine food chain

Consumed by mussels, fish, birds, and mammals (for example, baleen whales).

Soooooo

Can you think of a solution?

EutrophicationOrganic matter depletes the water of oxygen…

hypoxia

Any solutions to this?

1. Ciliophora 3. Zoomastigina2. Sarcodina 4. Sporozoa

1. Euglenophyta2. Pyrrophyta3. Chrysophyta4. Bacillariophyta

1. Acrasiomycota2. Myxomycota

Plant-Like Protists

1. PHYLUM - Euglenophyta

PHYTA = PLANT

Euglenophytes have two flagella but no cell wall.

a cluster of reddish pigments known as an eyespot which function to help find sunlight for photosynthesis.

NO cell wall, rather an intricate cell membrane called a pellicle

Euglenas reproduce asexually by means of binary fission

2. Phylum - PYRROPHYTA

PYRRO = FIREDinoflagellates are plant-like organisms that can be photosynthetic or heterotrophicMost have 2 flagella wrapped around in

grooves between 2 thick plates of cellulose that protect the cell

Most reproduce asexually by binary fission

Many species are luminescent

Phylum Chrysophyta

Members have gold-colored chloroplasts

-Includes yellow-green algae and golden-brown algae

Reproduction can be sexual or asexual

CHRYSO = GOLDEN

PHYLUM : Bacillariophyta

Diatoms produce thin, delicate cell walls rich in silicon (the main ingredient in glass)Diatoms are among the most abundant organisms

on EarthDiatoms are beautiful!

Exit-slip

 In your own words why are plant-like protists important? What do you think about such small creatures fueling the largest on earth? Does it surprise you? What ideas does this bring to mind?

2. FUNGAL-LIKE PROTISTS4. PHYLUM : ACRASIOMYCOTA

- Form Cellular Slime Molds

5. PHYLUM :

Myxomycota

Form Non-cellular (Acellular) Slime Molds called Plasmodiums

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GScyw3ammmk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1QddysUEjU&feature=related

Commonly called “DOG VOMIT Slime Mold”

Chlorophyll & Acessory PigmentsOne of the key characteristics used to classify algae is

the type of photosynthetic pigments they contain

In adapting to conditions of limited light, various groups of algae have evolved different forms of chlorophyllChlorophyll aChlorophyll bChlorophyll c

Each form of chlorophyll absorbs different wavelengths of lightMany algae also have accessory pigments that absorb light

at different wavelengths than chlorophyll

Euglenophytes

Red TidesGreat blooms of the

dinoflagellates Gonyoulax Polyhedron have occurred in recent years on our coasts

These blooms are known as “red tides”

These species release a potentially harmful toxin that infect certain shellfish

Eating these infected shellfish can be harmful or fatal Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

Plant-Like Protists: Red, Brown, and Green Algae

The 3 phyla of algae that are largely multicellular are commonly known as red algae, brown algae, and green algaeA major difference

among these phyla are their photosynthetic pigments

Red AlgaeRed algae are plant-like protists that are

members of the phylum RhodophytaMeaning “red plants”

Red algae are able to live at great depths due to their efficiency in harvesting reddish accessory pigments called phycobilinsPhycobilins absorb blue light, enabling red algae

to live deeper in the ocean

Most red algae are multicellular and can live in waters from the polar regions to the tropicsExample: Chondrus crispus (irish moss)

Red Algae

Chondrus crispus

(Irish moss)

Turkish Towel

Brown Algae

Brown algae are plant-like protists that belong to the phylum PhaeophytaMeans “dusky plants”

Brown algae contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as a brown accessory pigment, fucoxanthin

All brown algae are multicellular and most live in cool, shallow, coastal marine watersExamples: giant kelp, Sargassum, and Fucus

Brown Algae

Giant kelp

Green AlgaeGreen algae are members of the phylum

ChlorophytsMeans “green plants”

Green algae share many characteristics with plants, including their photosynthetic pigments and cell wall compositionHave cellulose in cell wallContain chlorophyll a and bStore food in the form of starch

Green algae can be found in fresh or salt waterSome are single cells (ex: Chlamydomonas)Some form colonies (ex: Volvox)Some are multi-cellular (ex: Ulva)

Green Algae

Chlamhydomonas

unicellular

green algae

Volvox

colonial

green algae

Ulva

multicellular

green algae

Human Uses of AlgaeIce creams

Salad dressings

Plastics

Waxes

Deodorants

Paints

Agar

Fungus-Like Protists

Fungus-like protists are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matterUnlike true fungi, however, funguslike protists have

centrioles and lack chitin in their cell wall

The fungus-like protists include:Cellular slime moldsAcellular slime moldsWater molds

Slime MoldsSlime molds are fungus-like protists that play key

roles in recycling organic materialThey are found in damp places that are rich in organic

matter, such as forest floors

The 2 groups of slime molds are:Cellular slime molds (individual cells remain distinct)Acellular slime molds (cells fuse to form larger cells

during some life cycle phases)

Cellular Slime MoldsCellular slime molds

belong to the phylum Acrasiomycots Individuals can form large

slug-like colony that functions as a single unit during harsh times

Acellular Slime Molds

Acellular slime molds belong to the phylum MyxomycotaDuring the course of their life

cycle, their cells fuse to produce structures with many nuclei known as plasmodia

Water Molds

Water molds are members of the phylum OomycotaThey thrive on

dead or decaying organic matter in water and are plant parasites on land