ThankYouDavidFrawley

TiasandSūryaLittleJeffMartensTimMillerDarleneTate

andespeciallymywife,Margo,

forherever-presentsupportandlove.

TABLEOFCONTENTS

Introduction

THELANGUAGEOFYOGAChantsforYourPracticeGaṇānāṃTvā(Track1)ChanttoSarasvatī(Track2)YogenaCittasya(Track3)VandeGurūṇām(Track4)MaṅgalaMantra(Track5)ŚivaMantra(Track6)ChanttoKṛṣṇamācārya(Track7)YogaSūtrasofPatañjali(Track8)

YogaTermsAṣṭāṅga(Track9)Yamas(Track10)Niyamas(Track11)Animals(Track12)Bandhas(Track13)BodyParts(Track14)Cakras(Track15)DeitiesandSages(Track16)DirectionsandPositions(Track17)Dṛṣṭis(Track18)Elements(Track19)Kleśas(Track20)Mudrās(Track21)Numbers(Track22)Prāṇāyāma(Track23)Ṣaṭ-Karmas(Track24)Texts(Track25)Upaniṣads(Track26)Vāyus(Track27)Vedas(Track28)GeneralYogaTerms(Track29)

ĀSANANAMESAṣṭāṅgaSequencesAṣṭāṅgaFirstSeriesInvocationChant:VandeGurūṇām(Track30)Sun-SalutationA(Track31)Sun-SalutationB(Track32)StandingPostures(Track33)SeatedPostures(Track34)FinishingPostures(Track35)AṣṭāṅgaFirstSeriesSummaryAṣṭāṅgaSecondSeries(Track36)AṣṭāṅgaSecondSeriesSummaryAṣṭāṅgaThirdSeries(Track37)AṣṭāṅgaThirdSeriesSummary

ĀsanaNamesA(Track38)B(Track39)C(Track40)D(Track41)E(Track42)G(Track43)H(Track44)J(Track45)K(Track46)L(Track47)M(Track48)N(Track49)P(Track50)R(Track51)S(Track52)T(Track53)U(Track54)V(Track55)Y(Track56)

Indices

ĀsanaNameSynonyms(Track57)EnglishNameIndexSanskritAlphabet(Track58)

Toaccesstheaudiofilesthataccompanythisbook,visitSoundsTrue.com/store/TheLanguageofYogaandchoosetoeitherdownloadthe

trackstoyourcomputerorstreamthemonyourreadingdevice.

INTRODUCTIONKnowinghowtoproperlypronounceSanskritisacrucialskillforseriousstudentsandteachersofyoga.

Thissacredlanguageoriginatedfromoraltraditionsdevelopedtocommunicatethespiritualinsightsofancientsages.BecauseSanskritisthelanguageofyoga,understandingkeySanskritterminologyanditspronunciationcandeepenapractitioner’sknowledgeoftheyogicpath.Itcanalsoprovideamorecompleteunderstandingofthemeaningandpurposeofyogaāsanas,orpostures—anunderstandingthatislostwhentheseāsanasareknownonlybytheirEnglishnames.

Sanskritissaidtohavebeendivinelyrevealedtomeditatingsagesthousandsofyearsago.OnestorytellsofŚivabeatinghisdamarudrumfourteentimesandcreatingtheSanskritalphabet.Thesefourteen“MaheśvaraSūtras”formthebeginningofthetextdefiningSanskritgrammar.Thealphabetisperfectlydesignedforthehumanvocalapparatus,andthesoundofeachwordrepresentsthesubtleenergyofitsmeaning.Becauseeachsyllableiseitheroneortwobeats,pronouncingcorrectlyallowsonetofeelthenaturalrhythmofthelanguageandimbibethetrueessenceoftheword.SanskritiscalledDevavāṇior“languageoftheGods”becauseitissaidthattheGodsunderstandandcommunicateinSanskrit.Thus,sacredceremonieslikebirths,weddings,deaths,andreligiousritualsallinvolveSanskritchanting.ThesoundoftheVedichymnsistheirlife,preservedbythousandsofgenerationsthroughchanting.

BecauseVedicwisdomwaspasseddownorallylongbeforeitwaswritten,nooneknowswhenitactuallybegan.TheVedasaretheearliestknownSanskritwritings,beginningwiththeṚgVedawhosewrittenformdatesbacktoatleast1500BCE.ThesubsequentthreeVedas(Sāma,Yajur,andAtharva)areallderivedfromtheṚgVeda.TheUpaniṣads,whichformthebasisforVedāntaphilosophy,areextrapolationsandsummariesoftheVedas.Takentogether,theVedasandtheiroffspringUpaniṣadsareknownassruti,meaning“heard,”becausetheyareconsideredtobeofdivineorigin,originallyrevealedbyenlightenedseers.

Yoga,alongwithĀyurveda(Indianmedicine),Jyotiṣa(Indianastrology),andcountlessotherbranchesofVedicwisdom,waspasseddownorallyandliterallyusingtherefinedSanskritlanguage.Sūtras,terseaphorismspackedwithinformationandeasytomemorize,wereoftencomposedtorecordideasinthemostefficientwaypossible.Onlywiththehelpofateacherand/oracommentarycouldastudentlearnthedepthoftheirmeaning.Verseswerealsowritteninrhythmicmeters,mostcommonlyfourlinesofeithereightorelevensyllableseach.Chantingorsingingtheseversesprovidesanothernaturalandeasywaytorememberthembyheart.

YogaintheWestisoftenlargelyfocusedonpracticingphysicalpostures(āsanas).However,āsanaisinfactonlyoneofeightdistinctlimbsofyoga(seeAṣṭāṅga).KnowingtheposturenamesinSanskritallowsteachersandstudentstounambiguouslyrefertoaposture.UsingtheEnglishtranslationasthereferencemaybeconfusingbecausetranslationscandiffer—thesameposturemayhaveseveraldifferentEnglishnames.Inaddition,fullycomprehendingallpartsofanāsananamecanprovideadeeperunderstandingofitsformandfunction.Noticinghowthesamewordisusedinseveraldifferentposturenameswillrevealsubtlenuancesthatwouldotherwisebelost.TheIndianprocessoflearningislargelybasedonviewinganobjectfromavarietyofangles,thusseeingitinitscompleteform.

ThepurposeofthisbookistopreserveandencouragethecorrectsoundandspellingofSanskritchantsandtermsrelatedtothescienceofyoga.Thisprovidesareferenceforyogapractitionerswhowishtoperpetuatethevocabularyofyogainanaccurateandrespectfulway.Seeingtermsgroupedtogetherinlogicalarrangementsallowsonetovisualizetheirrelationshiptoeachother.

Wehopeyourjourneyonthepathofyogawillexpandandbrightenasyouexperiencetheaudioandvisualenergyofthisbeautifullanguage.

SANSKRITPRONUNCIATIONNOTES

Vowelcombining:InSanskrit,whentwovowelsmeettheywillcombineintosomethingelse.Forexample,“paścimauttānāsana”becomes“paścimottānāsana”and“marīciāsana”becomes“marīcyāsana.”

Consonantcombining:InSanskrit,ifthefinalconsonantofonewordisnot

sound-compatiblewiththeinitialconsonantofthenextword,thefinalconsonantmaychange.Forexample,“ṣaṭmukhī”becomes“ṣanmukhī,”“tiryacmukha”becomes“tiryaṅmukha,”and“caturpāda”becomes“catuṣpāda.”

SomeSanskritsoundsarepronouncedslightlydifferentlyinNorthandSouthIndia.The“v”mightsoundlikea“w”andthe“ś”or“ṣ”maysoundlikea“sh”ora“s.”

TherearesomedifferencesbetweenSanskritandHindipronunciation.InSanskrit,whenawordendswithan“a,”the“a”ispronounced.InHindiitisoftendropped,eventhoughitiswrittenthesameway.Forexample,theSanskrit“āsana”soundslike“āsan”inHindi.

SANSKRIT HINDI

“a”attheendofawordispronounced “a”attheendofawordisoftennotpronounced

“ā”attheendofawordislong “ā”attheendofawordispronouncedashort“a”

“ph”pronouncedasanaspirated“p” “ph”pronouncedlike“f”

EXPLANATORYNOTES

Theimagesatthebeginningofeachsectionarethegeometricalrepresentations(yantra)ofeachelementalcakra.Eachyantraconveystheenergythatmatchestheassociatedcakra.TheSanskritsoundinthecenterofeachyantraisthatcakra’sprimarysound,asinglesyllableendingin“m.”

IfyoucannotfindtheSanskritāsananameintheA–Ysection,lookintheĀsanaNameSynonymsindex.UsetheEnglishNameIndextolocatetheposturebyEnglishname.

Thelinedrawingsareintendedasageneralrepresentationofeachposture.Some

variationsarenotshown.Manypostureshaveseveraldifferentnames,andonenamemaybeusedformanypostures.ThenamesincludedherearedrawnfromtheclassicalsystemsofyogaandtheteachingsofB.K.S.IyengarandT.K.V.Desikachar.ThefirstthreeseriesofK.PattabhiJois’Aṣṭāṅgasystemaregivenseparately.

ManySanskrittermsareverycomplexanddifficulttotranslateintoEnglish.Becauseofthis,thesuggestedmeaningsarenotmeanttobedefinitive.Ichosetoprovidetheliteraldefinitionformostāsananames.Foryogatermswhosecommonmeaningisdifferentthantheliteral,theliteralmeaningisshowninquotationmarks.

AṢṬĀṄGASEQUENCES

InSanskrittheconsonantsareusedtocountvariationsofaposture.Soka=a,kha=b,ga=c,gha=d.

Severalposturesarenotspecificallynamedintheseriesbutaredoneastransitorypostures.Theseareindicatedwithanasterisk*.

Manyteachershavemodifiedthefirstseriesindifferentways,usuallyaddingordeletingpostures.ThefirstseriespresentedhereisbasedonK.PattabhiJois’ownwritinginSanskrit.Thesecondandthirdseriesareconsistentanddrawnfromtheknowledgeofseniorpractitioners.

Thefirstandlastpostures(SamasthitiandUtpluti)arepronouncedwithan“h”ontheendbymostpractitioners.Eventhoughthisisinconsistentwiththeremainingāsananames(whicharenotpronouncedwiththeirending“m”),outofrespectforconventionitremainsthatwayhere.

ManynamesinthethirdseriesaredifferentthanintheA–Ysection.Forexample,“paścimottānāsana”intheA–Ysectionisspelled“paścimatānāsana”intheAṣṭāṅgasection.

CHANTSFORYOURPRACTICE

Sevencommonchantsrecitedaspartofayogaclass

Sevenyogasūtrasrelatingtothedefinitionofyogaandāsana

Sanskritisaveryrhythmicandmusicallanguagethatlendsitselfwelltosingingandchanting.Eachsyllableiseithershort(onebeat)orlong(twobeats).Recordingtheancientwisdominstandardmetersenabledeasymemorizationviachanting,andthereforeprovidedausefulmeansofpreservingVedicwisdomovertime.Thefirstchant,toGaṇeśa,isfromtheṚgVeda,theoldestSanskrittext,writtenover3500yearsago.YoucantellthatitisaVedicchantbythetonalmarksaboveandbelowtheletters.Ahorizontallinebelowasyllableindicatesalowtone,nomarkmeansamiddletone,andaverticallineabovedenotesahightone.Iftherearetwoverticallinesabove,youuseamiddletoneforthefirstbeat,thenahightoneforthesecondbeat.Followthewrittentextasyoulistentotheaudioandyouwillhearthethreetonesclearly.

ThevastmajorityofSanskritversesarewritteninmeter,usuallyfourlineslongwitheachlinebeingasetnumberofsyllables.Themostcommonmetershaveeithereightorelevensyllablesineachline.Allchantsincludedhereexceptthefirsttwoareineightorelevensyllablemeter.

ThesoundOmisthoughttobetheoriginalsoundfromwhichtheentiremanifestuniversebegan.Omitselfisbelievedtocontainallothersoundsandthereforeallformsofenergy.ItisverycommontobeginandendachantwithOm.

Chantingtoadeityinvokesthatdeity’senergy,andisanauspiciouswaytobeginapracticeorendeavor.Traditionally,throughoutIndia,Gaṇeśaisworshippedfirst,beingtheremoverofobstaclesandbestowerofgoodnessandabundance.AfterachanttoGaṇeśa,oneperformsachantappropriatetoaparticularactivity,whetheritbeapractice,meditation,newundertaking,etc.Allchantsshouldberecitedwitharespectfulanddevotionalattitude.

GaṇānāṃTvā(Ṛgveda2.23.1)AmantratoGaṇeśa,theelephant-headeddeitywhoremovesobstaclesandgrantsprotection.TRACK1

AmongallofŚiva’sattendants,weinvokeyouGaṇeśa,theseerofseers,themostgloriousandeminent,sovereignofallbrahmans.OhLordofBrahman,havingheardus,sitnearbywithall(your)protectiveenergies.

SalutationstothegreatandmagnificentGaṇeśa!

ChanttoSarasvatīToinvoketheenergyofspeechandlearning.

TRACK2

Whoispurewhitelikeagarlandofjasmine,themoonorsnow,coveredwithwhiteclothing;

whosehandsaredecoratedwithavīṇā,boon,andstaff,seatedonawhitelotus;everworshippedbythegodsledbyBrahma,Viṣṇu,andŚiva;mayshe,divine

Sarasvatī,whoremovesalldarkness,protectme.

YogenaCittasyaToPatañjali,authoroftheYogaSūtras.Oftenchantedatthebeginningofayogapracticeorsūtraclass.

TRACK3

IamadeepbowwithhandsfoldedtoPatañjali,themostexcellentofsages,whoremoved

impurityofconsciousnessthroughyoga,impurityofspeechthroughword(grammar),andimpurityofthebodythrough

medicine(Āyurveda).Intheformofamanuptotheshoulders,holdingtheconch(divinesound),

discus(wheeloftime),andsword(discrimination),thousand-headed,white,IbowrespectfullytoPatañjali.

Tothemagnificentendlessone,thekingofthenāgas,salutations,salutations.

VandeGurūṇāmDevotiontothelotusfeetofallgurus,equatedwithŚiva.SecondhalftoPatañjali,consideredanincarnationofViṣṇu.Oftenchantedatthebeginningofayogapractice.

TRACK4

Iworshipthelotusfeetofallthegurus,whichawakenandmanifestjoyinoneself;beyondcomparison,appearingasasnake-charmer(Śiva)forpacifyingthepoisonousdelusionofsaṃsāra(thecycleofbirthanddeath).

Intheformofamanuptotheshoulders,holdingtheconch(divinesound),discus(wheeloftime),andsword(discrimination),

thousand-headed,white,IbowrespectfullytoPatañjali.

MaṅgalaMantra(AuspiciousMantra)Oftenchantedattheendofayogapractice.TRACK5

Hailtothecreators!May(these)greatlordsprotecttheearthproperlyandjustly.Mayonebeeternallyfortunateduetocows(wealth)andBrahmans.Mayallworldsbehappy.

ŚivaMantra(fromNirālambaUpaniṣad)Oftenchantedatthebeginningofayogapractice.TRACK6

SalutationstoŚiva,theteacherwhoseformistruth,consciousness,andbliss,whoiswithoutdeceit,tranquil,independent,andilluminating.

ChanttoKṛṣṇamācāryaComposedbyProf.T.Kṛṣṇamācāryainresponsetohisstudents’requestforachantthatwouldhonortheirteacher.PresentedhereinrecognitionofProf.Kṛṣṇamācārya’sunparalleledcontributiontotheunderstandingandpracticeofyogathroughouttheworld.TRACK7

Ipraise(our)principleteacher,thevenerableŚrīKṛṣṇamācārya,whoobtainedtheessenceofVedāntafromŚrīVāgīśa,(and)thecakra-markingfromŚrīKṛṣṇa,bothmasterascetics(andteachers),

(and)whoentrustedhimselfcompletelyinŚrīRaṅgendra,ascetic(andteacher).

Bornin(theyearof)Virodha,duringthemonthofKārtika

(underthe)starofŚata,to(this)teacherofyoga,thevenerableŚrīT.Kṛṣṇamācārya(our)principleteacher,Ipray.

YogaSūtrasofPatañjaliWrittenbyPatañjalibetween500–200BCE,thisconcisesetof196aphorismshasbecomethemostwidelyacceptedtreatiseonyogaasadevelopmentofhumanconsciousness.Includedhereareafewsūtrasthatdefineyogaandrelatetoāsana.IntheoriginalSanskritscript,thechapternumberandsūtranumberareshownattheendofthesūtraandaresurroundedbyverticallinescalleddaṇḍa.Thesecorrespondtothe“chapter#.sūtra#”shownbelow.

TRACK8

1.2yogaścittavṛttinirodhaḥYogaisstillingthefluctuationsin(one’s)consciousness.

1.3tadādraṣṭuḥsvarūpe’vasthānamThen,theabidingoftheseerin(its)owntruenature.

1.4vṛttisārūpyamitaratraOtherwise,conformity/identitywiththefluctuations.

2.29yamaniyamāsanaprāṇāyāmapratyāhāradhāraṇādhyānasamādhayo`ṣṭāvaṅgāniTheeightlimbsareyama,niyama,āsana,prāṇāyāma,pratyāhāra,dhāraṇā,dhyāna,(and)samādhi.

2.46sthirasukhamāsanamĀsana(hasthequalitesof)stabilityandcomfort…

2.47prayatnaśaithilyānantasamāpattibhyām…duetorelaxationwithappropriateeffortandconvergencewiththeinfinite.

2.48tatodvandvānabhighātaḥFromthat,nodisturbancefromthepairsofopposites.

YOGATERMS

AcomprehensivelistofSanskritwordsrelatedtoyoga

Eachtermisrepeatedtwicewithspaceforyoutorepeat.

Aṣṭāṅga(eightlimbsofyoga)ThetermAṣṭāṅgareferstotheeightlimbsofyoga,whicharedescribedinPatañjali’sYogaSūtras.Theyprovideapracticalwayoflivinghappilyintheworldwhilegraduallymovingone’sconsciousnessinward.Themostexternallimbcomprisestheyamas(socialbehaviors).Nextaretheniyamas(personalbehaviors),whicharelikeinternalyamas.Āsanas(physicalpostures)keepourbodyflexible,strong,andhealthy.Prāṇāyāma(breathregulation)isevenmoresubtleandbeginstopurifythemind.Pratyāhāra(internalizationofthesenses)bringsonefurtherinwardbyremovingsensedistractionsfromthemind.Thelastthreelimbs,termed“antaraṅga,”meaning“innerlimbs,”alltakeplaceinone’sconsciousness.Dhāraṇāenablesonetofocusastreamofattentionontoasingleobject.Maintainingthisfocusforalongtimeisdhyāna,theseventhlimb.Finally,whentheobjectofmeditationissocompletelyabsorbedintheconsciousnessthatthereisnoperceivedseparationbetweensubjectandobject,samādhiisexperienced.Thisisthefinalgoal.

TRACK9

Yamas(socialethics)Yamasaresocialethicsthatallowonetocoexistpeacefullyincommunity.Nonviolenceisthefirstandforemostethic.

TRACK10

Niyamas(personalethics)Niyamasarepersonalethicsnecessaryfortakingcareofanddevelopingoneselfinordertoliveabalancedlife.Cleanlinessandpurityofthebody,mind,andenvironmentisoutermost,followedbyanouterandinnercontentment.Developingthebodythrougharegularpractice,themindthroughintellectualstimulation,andthespiritthroughdevotiontoahigherpowerallcontributetopersonalgrowthandfreedom.

TRACK11

AnimalsCertainposturesarenamedafterthewayanimalslookorareperceived.Forexample,lionposturelooksandfeelslikealionroaringloudlywithitschestprotrudingandtonguestickingout.

TRACK12

Bandhas(bindingsorlocks)Bandhasaremuscularlockscreatedbycontractingorsqueezingcertainmuscles,holdingthem,thenreleasingthem,therebyrelaxingthatareaofthebody.Bandhasstrengthenandbalancethenervoussystemandsubtlebodyandcanbeusedforavarietyoftherapeuticeffects.

TRACK13

BodyPartsManyposturenamescontainthenamesofbodyparts.Knowingtheindividualnamesofeachbodyparthelpsonetorememberhowtodoaposture.

TRACK14

Cakras(energycenters)Cakrasarecircularvortexesofenergynearthespinalcord,transectedbythecentralsuṣumnānāḍīthroughwhichthekuṇḍalinīenergytravelsupwardasconsciousnessawakens.Eachcakraisresponsibleforavarietyofbodilyfunctionsandemotions.Thecakraslistedhereareorderedfrombottomtotop,reflectingthedirectionofthekuṇḍalinīandtheevolutionofayogapracticefromgrosstosubtle.

TRACK15

DeitiesandSagesYogaphilosophyandHinduismbothhavetheirrootsintheVedas.ManymasteryogateachersareHinduandsharestorieswiththeirstudentswhichmetaphoricallyrevealanideathattheteacheristryingtoconvey.ThusitisimportanttoknowthemajorcharactersintheHindupantheon.

TRACK16

DirectionsandPositionsManyposturenamescontaincertaindirectionsandpositions.Knowingthesehelpsonetorememberhowtodoaposture.

TRACK17

Dṛṣṭis(views)Adṛṣṭiiswherethegazeissupposedtobefocusedduringaposture.ThesearemorecommonlyusedbyAṣṭāṅgayogapractitioners.

TRACK18

ElementsThe“fivegreatelements,”calledpañca-mahā-bhūta,arethebasicbuildingblocksofthemanifestworld.Fromthemostgrosselementofearthtothemostsubtleandrefinedelementofspace,theyrepresenteverypossibleformofmatter.

TRACK19

Kleśas(afflictions)InPatanjali’sYogaSūtras,thesefiveafflictionsarethecauseoffuturekarmaandsuffering.Avidyā(ignorance),themostimportant,isthefieldfortheothers,whichcanonlyexistinitspresence.

TRACK20

Mudrās(sealsorgestures)Eachmudrāhasaspecificenergetic.Oftenfingerstoucheachother,effectivelyconnectingenergychannels(nāḍīs)ofthebodythataffectboththegesturerandgesturee.

TRACK21

NumbersOnethroughtwentyarecommonlyusedbyyogapractitioners,eitherforcountingposturesinasequentialflowlikethesunsalutation,oraspartofaposturename,usuallyindicatinghowmanylegsorlimbsareinvolved(eka-pāda,dvi-pāda,catuṣ-pāda).

(Note:Onethroughfouraredifferentifdeclinedintheneutergender.SeeĀsanaNames—AṣṭāṅgaSunSalutations.)

TRACK22

Prāṇāyāma(breathregulation)Thisfourthlimbofyogainvolvesvariousbreathingtechniquestopurifythemindandstrengthenthesubtleenergychannels(nāḍīs).

TRACK23

Ṣaṭ-Karmas(sixcleansingactions)TheṢaṭ-KarmasarebodilycleansingtechniquesfoundintheHaṭhaYogaPradīpikā,meanttopurifythebodyandmind.Theseshouldonlybelearnedfromaskilledandexperiencedteacher.

TRACK24

TextsListedherearethemajortextsrelatingtoyoga,allwritteninSanskrit.TheBhagavad-GītāispartoftheMahābhārata,which,alongwiththeRāmāyaṇa,comprisethetwogiganticIndianepics.

TRACK25

UpaniṣadsTheUpaniṣadsarethesourceofVedāntaphilosophy.Thethirteentextsdiscussedherearethemostcommon.TheyareextrapolationsandencapsulationsoftheVedasandsharedwithastudentwhowassitting(ṣad),near(upa),andbeneath(ni)theteacher.

TRACK26

Vāyus(windsofthebody)Vāyusaretheprimarycomponentsofbreath.Theseenergiesareresponsibleforallmovementinthebody.Governedbyprāṇa,allfiveaffectandareaffectedbyanāsana.

TRACK27

VedasVedasaretheoriginalSanskrittexts,formingthefoundationofIndianphilosophyandyoga.Allarewritteninpoeticverseandhavebeenchantedforgenerationssinceatleast1500BCE.

TRACK28

GeneralYogaTermsTRACK29

AṢṬĀṄGASEQUENCES

Therearesix“series”ofposturesinthissystemofyoga,eachoneaprerequisiteforthenext,andeachgraduallyincreasinginlevelof

difficulty.

Veryfewpractitionersgobeyondthethirdseries.Thesequencesarecharacterizedbyavinyāsastyle,practicingtheposturescontinuouslyfromstarttofinish,usingthebreathtocountholds,andmovingfromoneposetoanother

oneachinhalationorexhalation.

Thefirst-seriessectiontakesapractitionerthroughtheentireprimaryseries,includingtheinvocationchant.Thesecondandthirdseriesshowonlythecoreposturesforeach.Togothroughtheentiresecondorthirdseries,simplyreplacethe“seatedpostures”sectionofthefirstserieswiththecoreposturesshownin

thesecondorthirdseries.

AṢṬĀṄGAFIRSTSERIES

YogaCikitsāYogaTherapeutics

InvocationChant:VandeGurūṇāmTRACK30

Devotiontothelotusfeetofallgurus,equatedwithŚiva.SecondhalftoPatañjali,consideredanincarnationofViṣṇu.

Iworshipthelotusfeetofallthegurus,whichawakenandmanifestjoyinoneself;beyondcomparison,appearingasasnake-charmer(Śiva)forpacifyingthepoisonousdelusionofsaṃsāra(thecycleofbirthanddeath).

Intheformofamanuptotheshoulders,holdingtheconch(divinesound),discus(wheeloftime),andsword(discrimination),

thousand-headed,white,IbowrespectfullytoPatañjali.

SunSalutationsAllthreeAṣṭāṅgaseriesbeginwithSunSalutationsandStandingPostures.

Sūrya-NamaskāraKaSun-SalutationA

TRACK31

Sūrya-NamaskāraKhaSun-SalutationB

TRACK32

StandingPosturesTRACK33Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

SeatedPosturesTRACK34Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

*Indicatesatransitionposturethatisnotspecificallynamedinthetraditionalsequence.Mosthavenonumbers.

FinishingPosturesTRACK35Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

AllthreeAṣṭāṅgaseriesendwiththesepostures.

*Indicatesatransitionposturethatisnotspecificallynamedinthetraditionalsequence.Mosthavenonumbers.

PrathamobhāgaḥsamāptaḥFirstPartFinished

AṣṭāṅgaFirstSeriesSummarySUNSALUTATIONS

Sūrya-NamaskāraKaSūrya-NamaskāraKha

STANDINGPOSTURESSamasthitiḥ

1Pādāṅguṣṭhāsana2Pāda-Hastāsana3Utthita-Trikoṇāsana(ka,kha)4Utthita-Pārśvakoṇāsana5Prasārita-Pādottānāsana(ka,kha,ga,gha)6Pārśvottānāsana7Utthita-Hasta-Pādāṅguṣṭhāsana8Ardha-Baddha-Padmottānāsana9Utkaṭāsana10Vīrabhadrāsana(ka,kha)

SEATEDPOSTURESDaṇḍāsana*

11Paścimatānāsana12Pūrvatānāsana13Ardha-Baddha-Padma-Paścimatānāsana14Tiryaṅ-Mukhaikapāda-Paścimatānāsana15Jānu-Śīrṣāsana(ka,kha,ga)16Marīcyāsana(ka,kha,ga,gha)17Nāvāsana18Bhuja-Pīḍāsana19Kūrmāsana20Supta-Kūrmāsana21Garbha-Piṇḍāsana22Kukkuṭāsana23Baddha-Koṇāsana24Upaviṣṭa-Koṇāsana25Supta-Koṇāsana26Supta-Pādāṅguṣṭhāsana27Ubhaya-Pādāṅguṣṭhāsana28Ūrdhva-Mukha-Paścimottānāsana29Setu-Bandhāsana

FINISHINGPOSTURESŪrdhva-Dhanurāsana*Paścimatānāsana*

30Sarvāṅgāsana31Halāsana32Karṇa-Pīḍāsana33Ūrdhva-Padmāsana34Piṇḍāsana35Matsyāsana36UttānapādāsanaCakrāsana*37Śīrṣāsana38Baddha-PadmāsanaYogamudrā39Padmāsana40Utplutiḥ

AṢṬĀṄÛGASECONDSERIES

Nāḍī-ŚodhanaPurificationoftheChannels

TRACK36Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

PrecededbySunSalutationsandStandingPostures.

ConcludeswithFinishingPostures.

DvitīyobhāgaḥsamāptaḥSecondPartFinished

AṣṭāṅgaSecondSeriesSummarySunSalutationsandStandingPosturessameasFirstSeries.

1Pāśāsana2Krauñcāsana3Śalabhāsana4Bhekāsana5Dhanurāsana6Pārśva-Dhanurāsana7Uṣṭrāsana8Laghu-Vajrāsana9Kapotāsana10Supta-Vajrāsana11Bakāsana(ka,kha)12Bharadvājāsana13Ardha-Matsyendrāsana14Eka-Pāda-Śīrṣāsana15Dvi-Pāda-Śīrṣāsana16Yoga-Nidrāsana17Tittibhāsana18Pīñca-Mayūrāsana19Kāraṇḍavāsana20Mayūrāsana21Nakrāsana22Vātāyanāsana

23Parighāsana24Gomukhāsana25SuptaŪrdhva-Pāda-Vajrāsana26Mukta-Hasta-Śīrṣāsana27Baddha-Hasta-Śīrṣāsana

FinishingPosturessameasFirstSeries.

AṢṬĀṄGATHIRDSERIES

Sthira-BhāgaḥSteadyPart

TRACK37Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

PrecededbySunSalutationsandStandingPostures.

ConcludeswithFinishingPostures.

TritīyobhāgaḥsamāptaḥThirdPartFinished

AṣṭāṅgaThirdSeriesSummarySunSalutationsandStandingPosturessameasFirstSeries.

1Viśvāmitrāsana2Vasiṣṭhāsana3Kaśyapāsana4Cakorāsana5Bhairavāsana6Skandāsana7Dūrvāsāsana8Ūrdhva-Kukkuṭāsana(ka,kha,ga)9Gālavāsana10Eka-Pāda-Bakāsana(ka,kha)11Kauṇḍinyāsana(ka,kha)12Aṣṭāvakrāsana(ka,kha)13Paripūrṇa-Matsyendrāsana14Virañcyāsana(ka,kha)15Viparīta-Daṇḍāsana16Eka-Pāda-Viparīta-Daṇḍāsana17Viparīta-Śalabhāsana18Hanumānāsana19Supta-Trivikramāsana20Digāsana21Trivikramāsana22Naṭarājāsana

23Rāja-Kapotāsana24Eka-Pāda-Rāja-Kapotāsana

FinishingPosturessameasFirstSeries.

ĀSANANAMES

Acomprehensivelistofāsananames,presentedinEnglishalphabeticalorderandgroupedbyfirstletter.

Eachnameispronouncedinfulltwice,onceatthebeginningandonceattheend,eachtimewithspaceforyoutorepeat.Inbetween,eachpartofthenameis

pronouncedonce,withspaceforyoutorepeat.

Āsananamesarepresentedhere,althoughnotallvariationsareshown,duetotimeconstraintsontheaudio.Foreachāsana,thefollowingareshown:UPPERLEFTCORNER:AUDIOTIMEPOINT

Allowsyoutofindtheāsananameontheindividualaudiotrack.Justgotothetrack,thenholdthefast-forwardbuttondownuntilyoucometothetimepointshown.

LINE1:FULLTRANSLITERATIONThisisthefullāsananameinromanletterswithdiacriticalmarks.PleaseseetheSanskritPronunciationKeyinthebackofthebookforhowtopronouncetheletters.

LINE2:SEPARATEDTRANSLITERATIONSoyoucanseeeachpartofeachwordintheāsananame.

LINE3:ENGLISHTRANSLATIONTheliteralmeaningoftheāsananame.

LINE4:SEPARATEDSANSKRITSanskritscriptforline2.

LINE5:FULLSANSKRITSanskritscriptforline1.Thisishowyouwouldseetheāsananameinitsorginalform.

RIGHTSIDELinedrawingoftheāsana,somewithvariations.

Note:Āsanaandpīṭhambothmean“posture.”

ATRACK38Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

BTRACK39Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

CTRACK40Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

DTRACK41Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

ETRACK42Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

GTRACK43Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

HTRACK44Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

JTRACK45Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

KTRACK46Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

LTRACK47Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

MTRACK48Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

NTRACK49Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

PTRACK50Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

RTRACK51Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

STRACK52Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

TTRACK53Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

UTRACK54Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

VTRACK55Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

YTRACK56Findindividualpostureswiththetimepointsprovided.

INDICES

ĀsanaNameSynonyms

TRACK57

AdhoMukhaVīrāsana(down-facedhero)SeeBālāsana

Añjaneyāsana(nameofmonkey-God)SeeHanumānāsana(samemeaning)

Brahmacaryāsana(controlofvitalenergy)SeeUpaviṣṭa-Koṇāsana(seated-angle)

Bhagīrathāsana(nameofsage)SeeVṛkṣāsana(tre)

Hasta-Pādāsana(hand-foot)SeePāda-Hastāsana

Jaṭhara-Parivṛtti(stomach-revolved)SeeJaṭhara-Parivartānāsana(samemeaning)

Kākāsana(crow)SeeBakāsana(crane)

Kāñcyāsana(girdle)SeeMālāsana(garland)

Maṇḍukāsana(frog)SeeBhekāsana(samemeaning)

Matsyendrāsana(fish)SeeParipūrṇa-Matsyendrāsana(full-fish)

Mṛtāsana(dead)SeeŚavāsana(corpse)

Nāvāsana(boat)SeeParipūrṇa-Nāvāsana(full-boat)

Paścimatānāsana(back-stretching)SeePaścimottānāsana(samemeaning)

Pūrvatānāsana(front-stretching)SeePūrvottānāsana(samemeaning)

Sama-Saṃsthānam(level-position)SeeAnantāsana(endless)

Sarvāṅgāsana(shoulderstand)SeeSālamba-Sarvāṅgāsana(suported-all-limb)

Śīrṣāsana(headstand)SeeSālamba-Śīrṣāsana(supported-head)

Triaṅga-Mukhaikapāda(three-limb-face…)SeeTiryaṅ-Mukhaikapāda(oblique-face…)

Trikoṇāsana(triangle)SeeUtthita-Trikoṇāsana(extended-triangle)

Ugrāsana(ferocious)SeeUpaviṣṭa-Koṇāsana(seated-angle)

Ūrdhva-Prasārita-PādāsanaSeeSupta-Daṇḍāsana

Utpluti(floatingup)SeeTolāsana(balance)

Uttāna-Mayūrāsana(stretchedout-peacock)SeeSetu-Bandha-Sarvāṅgāsana(bridge-lock-al-limb)

EnglishNames

Accomplished:Siddhāsana

Airplane:Digāsana/Vīrabhadrāsana3

Alligator:Godhāpīṭham

All-limb:Sarvāṅgāsana(Sālamba-Sarvāṅgāsana)

Arm-pressure:Bhuja-Pīḍāsana

Auspicious:Svastikāsana

Back-stretchedout:Paścimottānāsana/Paścimatānāsana

Ball:Piṇḍāsana(inSarvāṅgasana)

Beam/gate:Parighāsana

Bed/couch:Paryaṅkāsana

Bending:Ākuñcanāsana

Bigtoe:Pādāṅguṣṭhāsana

Bigtoe-bow:Pādāṅguṣṭha-Dhanurāsana

Birdthatlivesonraindrops:Kapiñjalāsana

Boat-full:Paripūrṇa-Nāvāsana

Boat-half:Ardha-Nāvāsana

Both-bigtoe:Ubhaya-Pādāṅguṣṭhāsana

Bound-angle:Baddha-Koṇāsana

Bound-angle-head:Baddha-Koṇa-Śīrṣāsana

Bound-hand-head:Baddha-Hasta-Śīrṣāsana

Bound-lotus:Baddha-Padmāsana

Bow:Dhanurāsana

Bow,standing:Naṭarājāsana

Bow,towardsear:Ākarṇa-Dhanurāsana

Bridge:Setu-Bandhāsana

Bridge(oneleg)inshoulderstand:Ekapāda-Setu-Bandha-Sarvāṅgāsana

Bridgeinshoulderstand:Setubandha-Sarvāṅgāsana

Buddha:Buddhāsana

Butterfly:Baddha-Koṇāsana

Cakra:Cakrāsana

Camel:Uṣṭrāsana

Cat:Cakravākāsana

Child:Bālāsana

Circle:Maṇḍalāsana

Cobra:Bhujaṅgāsana

Comfortable:Sukhāsana

Corpse:Śavāsana

Cow-face:Go-Mukhāsana

Cowherd:Gorakṣāsana

Crane:Bakāsana

Crane-side:Pārśva-Bakāsana

Crocodile:Nakrāsana(seealsoMakarāsana)

Cross-legged:Sukhāsana

Crow(Kākāsana):seeBakāsana(crane)

Dancer:Naṭarājāsana

Dangling:Lolāsana

Dangling:Tolāsana

Dead:Śavāsana

Direction:Digāsana/Vīrabhadrāsana3

Dog,downwardfacing:Adho-Mukha-Śvānāsana

Dog,upwardfacing:Ūrdhva-Mukha-Śvānāsana

Downward-air:Apānāsana

Downward-facing-fish:Adho-Mukha-Matsyāsana

Downward-facing-tree:Adho-Mukha-Vṛkṣāsana

Eagle:Garuḍāsana

Ear-pressure:Karṇapīḍāsana

Easy:Sukhāsana

Endless/Viṣṇu:Anantāsana

Equal-angle:Samakoṇāsana

Equal-standing:Samasthiti

Extended-hand-bigtoe:Utthita-Hasta-Pādāṅguṣṭhāsana

Extended-side-angle:Utthita-Pārśvakoṇāsana

Feather-peacock:Piñca-Mayūrāsana

Firefly:Tittibhāsana

Fish:Matsyāsana

Fish,downward-facing:Adho-Mukha-Matsyāsana

Fish-lord,complete:Paripūrṇa-Matsyendrāsana

Fish-lord,half:Ardha-Matsyendrāsana

Foot-hand:Pāda-Hastāsana(Hastapādāsana)

Formidable:Bhairavāsana

Forwardbend:Uttānāsana

Forwardbend,standing:Pāda-Hastāsana

Frog:Bhekāsana

Front,stretchedout:Pūrvottānāsana(Pūrvatānāsana)

Ful-boat:Paripūrṇa-Nāvāsana

Garland/necklace:Mālāsana

Gate/beam:Parighāsana

Half-boat:Ardha-Nāvāsana

Half-bound-lotus,standing:Ardha-Baddha-Padmottānāsana

Half-bound-lotus,sitting:Ardha-Baddha-Padma-Paścimottānāsana

Half-fish-lord:Ardha-Matsyendrāsana

Half-locust:Ardha-Śalabhāsana

Half-mon:Ardha-Candrāsana

Handstand:Adho-Mukha-Vṛkṣāsana

Head-foot:ŚīrṣaPādāsana

Headstand,boundhands:Baddha-Hasta-Śīrṣāsana

Headstand,freedhands:Mukta-Hasta-Śīrṣāsana

Headstand,oneleg:Ekapāda-Śīrṣāsana

Headstand,revolved-oneleg:Parivṛttaikapāda-Śīrṣāsana

Headstand,side:Pārśva-Śīrṣāsana

Headstand,sideoneleg:Pārśvaikapāda-Śīrṣāsana

Headstand,twolegs:Dvipāda-Śīrṣāsana

Headstand,supported:Sālamba-Śīrṣāsana

Hero:Vīrāsana

Heron:Krauñcāsana

Himalayangoose:Kāraṇḍavāsana

Horse:Vātāyanāsana

Inverted-doing:Viparīta-Karaṇī

Inverted-locust:Viparīta-Śalabhāsana

King-pigeon:Rāja-Kapotāsana

Knee-head:Jānu-Śīrṣāsana

Knot:Kandāsana

Light(weight)-thunderbolt:Laghu-Vajrāsana

Lion:Siṃhāsana

Lizard(iguana):Godhāpīṭham

Locust:Śalabhāsana

Lotus-peacock:Padma-Mayūrāsana

Lotus,full:Padmāsana

Mighty:Utkaṭāsana

Moon,half:Ardha-Candrāsana

Mountain:Tāḍāsana

Mountain:seated:Parvatāsana

Mudra,great:Mahāmudrā

Mudra,six-faced:Ṣanmukhī-Mudrā

Mudra,yoga:Yoga-Mudrā

Noose:Pāśāsana

One-leg-(nameofsage):Ekapāda-Gālavāsana

One-leg-(nameofsage)Ekapāda-Kauṇḍinyāsana

One-leg-crane:Ekapāda-Bakāsana

One-leg-inverted-staff:Ekapāda-Viparīta-Daṇḍāsana

One-leg-king-pigeon:Ekapāda-Rāja-Kapotāsana

One-leg-upward-bow:Ekapāda-Ūrdhva-Dhanurāsana

One-hand-arm:Ekahasta-Bhujāsana

Partridge:Cakorāsana

Peacock:Mayūrāsana

Peacock,extended-lotus:Uttāna-Padma-Mayūrāsana

Peacock,lotus:Padma-Mayūrāsana

Peacock-feather:Pīñca-Mayūrāsana

Pigeon:Kapotāsana

Plank(topofpush-up):SameasCaturaṅga-Daṇḍāsanabutarmsarestraight

Plow:Halāsana

Plow,sideways:Pārśva-Halāsana

Reclining:Seesupine

Relaxing:Śayanāsana

Revolved-back-stretchedout:Parivṛtta-Paścimottānāsana

Revolved-half-moon:Parivṛtta-Ardha-Candrāsana

Revolved-knee-head:Parivṛtta-Jānu-Śīrṣāsana

Revolved-side-angle:Parivṛtta-Pārśvakoṇāsana

Revolved-triangle:Parivṛtta-Trikoṇāsana

Rooster:Kukkuṭāsana

Rooster:upward:Ūrdhva-Kukkuṭāsana

Root-lock:Mūlabandhāsana

Ruddygoose:Cakravākāsana

Scale/balance:Tolāsana

Scorpion:Vṛścikāsana

Seated-angle:Upaviṣṭa-Koṇāsana

Serpent/snake:Bhujaṅgāsana

Shoulderstand:Sālamba-Sarvāṅgāsana

Shoulderstand,oneleg:Ekapāda-Sarvāṅgāsana

Shoulderstand,sideways:Pārśva-Sarvāṅgāsana

Shoulderstand,sideways-one-leg:Pārśvaikapāda-Sarvāṅgāsana

Shoulderstand,withoutsupport:Nirālamba-Sarvāṅgāsana

Side-ball:Pārśva-Piṇḍāsana(inSarvāṅgāsana)

Side-bow:Pārśva-Dhanurāsana

Side-rooster:Pārśva-Kukkuṭāsana

Side-seated-angle:Pārśva-Upaviṣṭa-Koṇāsana

Side-stretchedout:Pārśvottānāsana

Side-upward-lotus:Pārśva-Ūrdhva-Padmāsana

Sideofface-formidable:Gaṇḍa-Bheruṇḍāsana

Six-facedseal:Ṣanmukhī-Mudrā

Split,front:Hanumānāsana

Split,side:Samakoṇāsana

Split,standing:Ūrdhva-Prasārita-Ekapādāsana/Trivikramāsana

Split,supine:Supta-Trivikramāsana

Spread-leg-stretchedout:Prasārita-Pādottānāsana

Squat:Mālāsana

Staff:Daṇḍāsana

Staff,four-limb:Caturaṅga-Daṇḍāsana

Staff,supine:Supta-Daṇḍāsana

Staff,upward:Ūrdhva-Daṇḍāsana

Stomach-revolving:Jaṭhara-Parivartanāsana

Stretchedout-leg:Uttānapādāsana

Sunsalutation:Sūrya-Namaskāra

(forexample,seeAṣṭāṅgasection)

Supine-angle:Supta-Koṇāsana

Supine-bound-angle:Supta-Baddha-Koṇāsana

Supine-bigtoe:Supta-Pādāṅguṣṭhāsana

Supine-frog:Supta-Bhekāsana

Supine-hero:Supta-Vīrāsana

Supine-staff:Supta-Daṇḍāsana

Supine-three-stride:Supta-Trivikramāsana

Supine-tortoise:Supta-Kūrmāsana

Supine-upwards-foot-thunderbolt:Supta-Ūrdhva-Pāda-Vajrāsana

Supportedheadstand:Sālamba-Śīrṣāsana

Supportedshoulderstand:Sālamba-Sarvāṅgāsana

Swan:Haṃsāsana

Table:Catuṣ-Pāda-Pīṭham/Pūrvottānāsana

Oblique-face-one-leg-back-stretchedout:Tiryaṅ-Mukhaikapāda-Paścimottānāsana

Three-stride:Trivikramāsana

Thunderbolt:Vajrāsana

Thunderbolt,supine:Supta-Vajrāsana

Tortoise:Kūrmāsana

Tree:Vṛkṣāsana

Tree,downward-facing:Adho-Mukha-Vṛkṣāsana

Triangle,extended:Utthita-Trikoṇāsana

Triangle,revolved:Parivṛtta-Trikoṇāsana

Two-leg:Dvipāda-Pīṭham

Two-leg-(nameofsage):Dvipāda-Kauṇḍinyāsana

Two-leg-inverted-staff:Dvipāda-Viparīta-Daṇḍāsana

Two-hand-arm:Dvihasta-Bhujāsana

Upsidedown-face-stretchedout:Tiryaṅ-Mukhottānāsana

Upward-bow:Ūrdhva-Dhanurāsana

Upward-facing-back-stretchedout:Ūrdhva-Mukha-Paścimottānāsana

Upward-facing-dog:Ūrdhva-Mukha-Śvānāsana

Upward-lotus:Ūrdhva-Padmāsana

Upwards-spread-one-leg:Ūrdhva-Prasārita-Ekapādāsana

Warrior:Vīrabhadrāsana

Wheel:Cakrāsana

Wheel-lock:Cakra-Bandhāsana

Womb-ball:Garbha-Piṇḍāsana

Yoga-seal:Yoga-Mudrā

Yoga-sleep:Yoga-Nidrāsana

Yoga-staff:Yoga-Daṇḍāsana

SanskritAlphabet

TRACK58

33Consonants

NicolaiBachman…hasbeenteachingSanskrit,Āyurveda,chanting,andyoga-relatedtopicsfor

overtenyears.HestudiedextensivelyattheAmericanSanskritInstitute,VagYogaInstituteinIndia,theAmericanInstituteofVedicStudies,the

AyurvedicInstitute,andearnedanM.A.inEasternPhilosophyfromSt.John’sCollege.

SOUNDSTRUEwasfoundedin1985withaclearvision:todisseminatespiritualwisdom.LocatedinBoulder,Colorado,SoundsTruepublishesteachingprogramsthataredesignedtoeducate,uplift,andinspire.Withmorethan600titlesavailable,weworkwithmanyoftheleadingspiritualteachers,thinkers,

healers,andvisionaryartistsofourtime.

Forafreecatalog,pleasecontactSoundsTrueviatheWorldWideWebatwww.soundstrue.com,callustollfreeat800-333-9185,orwrite

TheSoundsTrueCatalogPOBox8010BoulderCO80306

SoundsTrue,Inc.BoulderCO80306©2004byNicolaiBachman

SOUNDSTRUEisatrademarkofSoundsTrue,Inc.

Allrightsreserved.Published2005

Nopartofthisbookoraudiomaybeusedorreproducedinanymannerwithoutwrittenpermissionfromtheauthororpublisher.

ThisisoneofaseriesofSanskritpronunciationguidesbyNicolaiBachman/SanskritSounds.

ThepurposeofthisprojectistopreserveandencouragethecorrectspellingandpronunciationofSanskrittermsrelatedtothescienceofyoga.

Forinformationaboutclasses,workshops,orotherproducts,pleasecontactSanskritSounds,SantaFe,NewMexico,SanskritSounds.com

SanskrittranslationsbyNicolaiBachman.

Digitallyrecorded,edited,andmasteredatSantaFeSoundworks.

OriginallypublishedasĀsanaNamesandtheLanguageofYoga,©NicolaiBachman,SanskritSounds,SantaFe,NewMexico,2004

Bachman,Nicolai.Thelanguageofyoga:completeA–Yguidetoāsananames,sanskritterms,andchants/NicolaiBachman.

Includesindex.ISBN978-1-59179-281-9LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2005928672

EbookISBN978-1-62203-588-5

EnhancedebookISBN978-1-62203-589-2