the late middle ages: (1000-1500)

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The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500) The Late Middle Ages was an era marked by major social, religious, and health crises. War, plague, social unrest, and religious schism characterized this era.

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The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500). The Late Middle Ages was an era marked by major social, religious, and health crises. War, plague, social unrest, and religious schism characterized this era. Start Thinking Research… Popes and Kings The Crusades Medieval Society and Christianity - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

The Late Middle Ages:

(1000-1500)

The Late Middle Ages was an era marked by major social, religious, and health crises. War, plague, social unrest, and religious schism characterized this era.

Page 2: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

Start Thinking Research…

• Popes and Kings• The Crusades• Medieval Society and Christianity• The Hundred Years’ War• The Black Death• And???

Page 3: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

Popes and Kings Rule Europe

• Early in the Middle Ages, kings and nobles held power. As time passed, power came to be held by KINGS and POPES.

• What is a pope? Where did the word “pope” originate? Who was the first pope? What kind of power did the pope have?

Page 4: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival:The Late Medieval Church

• Pope Leo IX (1049) argued that since, St. Peter (the first pope) was leader of the entire Christian Church so also should later popes. The bishop of Constantinople disagreed and in 1054, Pope Leo excommunicated him.

• Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) continued to transform the church into a secular power, creating a papal monarchy

• Pope Urban IV (1261-1264) continued the secularization of the church by establishing its own law court

• The College of Cardinals became the political body within the church.

Page 5: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

• As popes increased their power, they often conflicted with kings. Kings thought that, as leader, they should be able to select bishops for their own country. Why does it matter?

• Pope Gregory VII v/s Emperor Henry IV.• Yikes!!! In 1302, Boniface issued the bull,

Unam Sanctum, which declared that temporal authority was subject to the power of the church.

Popes v/s Kings

Page 6: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

• Pope John XXII (r. 1316-1417) tried to restore the papacy of Rome.

• John Wycliffe and John Huss led the popular lay movements that protested the rights of the pope. They translated the Bible into the common language and were persecuted by the church.

• They were the first Protestant Reformers.

Page 7: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

Pope Urban II

• Pope Urban responded to Byzantium’s request against the Islamic armies with a rousing speech in Clermont, France in 1095 in which he called upon Christians to “Enter upon the road to the Holy Sepulcher; wrest that land from the wicked race, and subject it to yourselves…”

• Urban’s speech would help launch the first of several Crusades

Page 8: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

Reasons for the Crusades• The Byzantine Empire was

in severe decline and no longer could act as a buffer between the Muslim East and the Catholic West

• Christian pilgrims visiting the holy sites in Jerusalem began experiencing increased harassment and danger

“A pilgrim camp near Jericho”by David Roberts

Page 9: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

4 Crusades• First Crusade – About 5000 Crusaders left Europe and

headed for the Holy Lands. They attacked Jews on the way. They failed.

• Second Crusade – French and German kings set off in 1147 to retake the land from the Muslims. They failed.

• Third Crusade – England and France led armies against a Muslim held Jerusalem. Ultimately King Richard failed.

• Fourth Crusade – French soldiers ended up sacking Constantinople.

• The end.

Page 10: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

• In the Middle Ages, life revolved around the church.

• Christians wanted to build large Christian “shrines” and travel to holy sites.

• When landowners died, they left their land to the church. The church was the largest landowner in Europe.

• The church built large universities? Why?

Medieval Society and Christianity

Page 11: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

The Black Death

Also known as The Bubonic Plague, came about as a result of decades of overpopulation, economic depression, famine, and bad health and hygiene in some European regions.

Page 12: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

• The Black death was named for the discoloration of the body.

• It is believed to have been introduced by seaborne rats from the Black Sea area.

• By the early fifteenth century, western Europe had lost as much as 40% of its population to the plague.

The “Black” DeathThe “Black” Death

Page 13: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

• Lack of sophisticated medicine led to superstitions about the reasons for the plague, including poisonous fumes released during earthquakes and a corruption in the atmosphere.

• Jews were sought as scapegoats for the plague and were persecuted.

Who’s to blame?

Page 14: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

• Popular remedies against the plague included the use of leeches.

• Flagellants believed that beating themselves until they bled would bring about divine

intervention.

Remedies and Self-Inflicted Pain

Page 15: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

• Farm laborers decreased in numbers

• Peasants rebelled against efforts by governments to limit their wages

• Opposition to such legislation spurred the English peasants’ revolt of 1381

• And???

Economic Effects

Page 16: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

The Hundred Years’ War and the Rise of the Nationalist Sentiment

• During the Middle Ages, tremendous violence and political unrest led to the breakdown of European governments.

• Toward the end of the period, monarchs in England and France began to reassert their power.

• The Hundred Years’ War was the result of their struggle for control??

Page 17: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)

• The Hundred years’ War began when the English king Edward III claimed his right to the French throne after the death of Charles IV.

• England and France warred with one another for nearly 100 years.

• Who won? Edward III

Page 18: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

Success and Weakness in the War

English success in the war was due to its

military superiority and its use of weaponry like

the longbow.

French weakness was due to territorial

infighting and a lack of leadership.

Page 19: The Late Middle Ages: (1000-1500)

Joan of Arc (1412-1431)

• A peasant from Domrémy who claimed she heard the voices of God, led the French victory in the Battle of Orleans.

• Joan served as an inspiration for the French, who eventually defeated the English and won the war.

• Joan was later burned at the stake at Rouen as a heretic for refusing to recant her beliefs.