the latest open source available and the latest development in ict

8/9/2019 The Latest Open Source Available And the Latest Development in Ict

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THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE AVAILABLE AND THE LATESTDEVELOPMENT IN ICT

Mohd Noor Shafiq Bin Noor Saidan (940729-09-5105)Mohd Zuhairy Bin Osman (940611-09-5185)Amirul Asyraf Bin Mohd Azam (940804-09-5093)


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1.0: INTRODUCTION

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is concerned with the use of technologymanaging and processing information. ICT deals with the use of electronic computers andcomputer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information. Open

Source Software (OSS) can be defined as computer software for which the human-readablesource code is made available under a copyright license (or arrangement such as the publicdomain) that meets the Open Source Definition. This permits users to use, change, and improvethe software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form. Application software can bemainly classified under few categories which are Enterprise software, Enterprise infrastructuresoftware, Information worker software, Media and entertainment software, Educational software,Media development software, and Product engineering software.

2.0: THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM

2.1: Meaning of Open Source OS

Open Source Operating System is the most important program that runs ona computer that is free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute itin modified or unmodified forms. Every general-purpose computer must have anoperating system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic tasks, suchas recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keepingtrack of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices suchas disk drives and printers.

2.2: Examples of Open Source OS

2.2.1: Window 7

Windows 7 is a version of Microsoft Windows, aseries of operating systems produced by Microsoftfor use on personal computers, including home andbusiness desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs.[4] Windows 7 was releasedto manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and reachedgeneral retail availability on October 22, 2009, lessthan three years after the release of its predecessor,Windows Vista. Windows 7's server counterpart,Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at thesame time. Windows 7 will be succeeded byWindows 8, which has no release date as of yet.

Unlike its predecessor, Windows Vista, which introduced a large number of new features,Windows 7 was intended to be a more focused, incremental upgrade to the Windows line, with
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the goal of being compatible with applications and hardware with which Windows Vista isalready compatible. Presentations given by Microsoft in 2008 focused on multi-touch support, aredesigned Windows Shell with a new taskbar, referred to as the Superbar, a home networkingsystem called HomeGroup, and performance improvements. Some standard applications thathave been included with prior releases of Microsoft Windows, including Windows Calendar,

Windows Mail, Windows Movie Maker, and Windows Photo Gallery, are not included inWindows 7; most are instead offered separately at no charge as part of the Windows LiveEssentials suite.

Originally, a version of Windows codenamed Blackcomb was planned as the successor toWindows XP (codename Whistler) and Windows Server 2003. Major features were planned forBlackcomb, including an emphasis on searching and querying data and an advanced storagesystem named WinFS to enable such scenarios. However, an interim, minor release, codenamed"Longhorn, " was announced for 2003, delaying the development of Blackcomb.By the middle of 2003, however, Longhorn had acquired some of the features originally intended for Blackcomb.After three major viruses exploited flaws in Windows operating systems within a short time

period in 2003, Microsoft changed its development priorities, putting some of Longhorn's majordevelopment work on hold while developing new service packs for Windows XP and WindowsServer 2003. Development of Longhorn (Windows Vista) was also restarted, and thus delayed, inAugust 2004. A number of features were cut from Longhorn.

2.2.2: Mac OS X

Mac OS X (pronounced /mk ,o , s ,t n/ mak oh es ten ) is a series of Unix- based operatingsystems and graphical user interfacesdeveloped, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc.

Since 2002, Mac OS X has been included withall new Macintosh computer systems. It is thesuccessor to Mac OS 9, the final release of the"classic" Mac OS, which had been Apple'sprimary operating system since 1984.

Mac OS X, whose X is the Roman numeral for10 and is a prominent part of its brand identity, is a Unix- based graphical operating system, builton technologies developed at NeXT between the second half of the 1980s and Apple's purchaseof the company in late 1996. From its sixth release Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard" and onwards,every release of Mac OS X gained UNIX 03 certification while running on Intel processors.

The first version released was Mac OS X Server 1.0 in 1999, and a desktop-oriented version,Mac OS X v10.0 "Cheetah" followed on March 24, 2001. Releases of Mac OS X are named afterbig cats: for example, Mac OS X v10.6 is usually referred to by Apple and users as " SnowLeopard" . The server edition, Mac OS X Server, is architecturally identical to its desktopcounterpart, and includes tools to facilitate management of workgroups of Mac OS X machines,and to provide access to network services. These tools include a mail transfer agent, a Samba
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dows_Live_Essentialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Live_Essentialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Photo_Galleryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Movie_Makerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taskbarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Shellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-touch


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server, an LDAP server, a domain name server, and others. It is pre-loaded on Apple's Xserveserver hardware, but can be run on almost all of Apple's current selling computer models.

Apple also produces specialized versions of Mac OS X for use on four of its consumer devices:the iOS for the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad, as well as an unnamed version for the Apple TV.

Mac OS X's core is a POSIX compliant operating system (OS) built on top of the XNU kernel, with standard Unix facilities available from the command line interface. Apple has released thisfamily of software as a free and open source operating system named Darwin. On top of Darwin,Apple layered a number of components, including the Aqua interface and the Finder, to completethe GUI- based operating system which is Mac OS X.

Mac OS X introduced a number of new capabilities to provide a more stable and reliableplatform than its predecessor, Mac OS 9. For example, pre-emptive multitasking and memoryprotection improved the system's ability to run multiple applications simultaneously withoutthem interrupting or corrupting each other.Many aspects of Mac OS X's architecture are derived

from Openstep, which was designed to be portable, to ease the transition from one platform toanother. For example, Nextstep was ported from the original 68k-based NeXT workstations tox86 and other architectures before NeXT was purchased by Apple,and OpenStep was later portedto the PowerPC architecture as part of the Rhapsody project.

The most visible change was the Aqua theme. The use of soft edges, translucent colors, andpinstripes similar to the hardware design of the first iMacs brought more texture and color tothe user interface when compared to what OS 9 and OS X Server 1.0's " Platinum" appearancehad offered. According to John Siracusa, an editor of Ars Technica, the introduction of Aqua andits departure from the then conventional look "hit like a ton of bricks." Bruce Tognazzini (whofounded the original Apple Human Interface Group) said that the Aqua interface in Mac OS X

v10.0 represented a step backwards in usability compared with the original Mac OSinterface.Third-party developers started producing skins for customizable applications for Macand other operating systems which mimicked the Aqua appearance. To some extent, Apple hasused the successful transition to this new design as leverage, at various times threatening legalaction against people who make or distribute software with an interface the company claims isderived from its copyrighted design.
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3.0: THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE APPLICATION SOFTWARE

3.1: Meaning of open source application software.

Application software is designed to handle specific type of information and

achieve useful results, answer problems and suit a users particular needs. Applicationsoftware can be mainly classified under few categories. The categories is enterprisesoftware, Enterprise infrastructure software, Information worker software, Media andentertainment software, Educational software, Media development software and productengineering software.

3.2: Examples of Open Source Application Software

3.2.1: Autodesk 3ds Max

Autodesk 3ds Max , formerly 3D Studio MAX , is a

modeling, animation and rendering package developedby Autodesk Media and Entertainment. It has modelingcapabilities, a flexible plugin architecture and is able tobe used on the Microsoft Windows platform. It can beused by video game developers, TV commercial studiosand architectural visualization studios. It is also usedfor movie effects and movie pre-visualization.

In addition to its modeling and animation tools, the latest version of 3ds Max also featuresshaders (such as ambient occlusion and subsurface scattering) , dynamic simulation, particlesystems, radiosity, normal map creation and rendering, global illumination, an intuitive and

fully-customizable user interface, and its own scripting language. The original 3D Studio product was created for the DOS platform by the Yost Group andpublished by Autodesk. After 3D Studio Release 4, the product was rewritten for the WindowsNT platform, and re-named "3D Studio MAX." This version was also originally created by theYost Group. It was released by Kinetix, which was at that time Autodesk's division of media andentertainment. Autodesk purchased the product at the second release mark of the 3D StudioMAX version and internalized development entirely over the next two releases. Later, theproduct name was changed to "3ds max" (all lower case) to better comply with the namingconventions of Discreet, a Montreal-based software company which Autodesk had purchased. Atrelease 8, the product was again branded with the Autodesk logo, and the name was againchanged to "3ds Max" (upper and lower case). At release 2009, the product name changed to"Autodesk 3ds Max".
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3.2.2: Pro Tools

Pro Tools is a Digital Audio Workstationplatform for Mac OS X and Microsoft Windowsoperating systems, developed and manufactured

by Digidesign, a division of Avid Technology. It is widely used by professionals throughoutthe audio industries for recording and editing inmusic production, film scoring, film andtelevision post production. Pro Tools has threetypes of systems; HD, LE, and M-powered. HDis the high-end package and is an integration of hardware and software. The hardware includesan external A/D converter and internal PCI or

PCIe audio cards with onboard DSP.

Fundamentally, Pro Tools, like all Digital Audio Workstation software, is similar to a multi-track tape recorder and mixer, with additional features that can only be performed in the digitaldomain. The high-end version supports sample rates of up to 192 kHz and bit depths of 16 and24 bit, opens WAV, AIFF, mp3, SDII audio files and QuickTime video files. It features timecode, tempo maps, automation and surround sound capabilities. Order of products from lowest tohighest are as follows: Essential, M-Powered, LE, HD, HD2 & HD3.

Pro Tools was developed by UC Berkeley graduates Peter Gotcher and Evan Brooks. Bothmajored in electrical engineering and computer science at Berkeley. The first incarnation of ProTools started life in 1984 as Sound Designer, while the pair were creating and selling drumsound chips under their Digidrums label. Sound Designer was originally designed to edit sounds

for the E-MU Emulator sampling keyboard

. Gotcher and Brooks discussed with E-MU Systemsthe possibility of integrating their renamed 'Sound Tools' software into the Emulator III keyboardreleased in 1987. E-MU rejected this offer and Gotcher and Brooks started Digidesign.

Sound Tools was debuted on January 20, 1989 at NAMM (National Association of MusicMerchandisers). At this stage Sound Tools was a simple computer based stereo audio editor.Although the software had the possibility to do far more it was limited by the hard drivetechnology, which was used to stream the audio and allow for the non-destructive editing thatSound Tools offered.

The first version of Pro Tools was launched in 1991, offering 4 tracks and selling for $6000USD.Digidesign continued to improve Pro Tools, adding a sequencer and more tracks, with the systemoffering recording at 16bit 44.1 kHz. In 1997 Pro Tools reached 24bit, 48 track versions. It wasat this point that the migration from more conventional studio technology to the Pro Toolsplatform took place within the industry.
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4.0: THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN ICT

4.1: Hardware

4.1.1: Radeon

ATI Radeon is a brand of graphics processing units (GPU)that since 2000 has been manufactured by ATI Technologiesand subsequently AMD and is the successor to their Rageline. There are four different groups, which can bedifferentiated by the DirectX generation they support. Morespecific distinctions can also be followed, such as the HyperZversion, the number of pixel pipelines, and of course, thememory and processor clock speeds.

AMD no longer sells Radeon cards directly at the retail level.Instead, it sells Radeon GPUs to third-party manufacturers,

who build and sell the Radeon-based video cards to the OEM and retail channel. Cardmanufacturers of the Radeon include Diamond Multimedia, Sapphire Technology, AsusTek, HIS

Hightech Information System Limited, Micro-Star International, PowerColor, Gigabyte, VisionTek, and, recently, XFX, and Gainward.

At current, ATI names each card by generation, series, and by performance. The first number isthe generation number, for example, 5000, and this is related to the chipset used by the videocard. The second number indicates the series quality in the generation, starting from 0400 to

0600 at entry level, for media and home theatre, 0700 for low intensity video games (typicallyusing older graphics engines, or widespread games, such as Starcraft and World of Warcraft) orhigh-intensity games with lowered settings, and 0800 for high-intensity games, such as Crysis orFar Cry 2. 0900 is a special denotation, first used on the Radeon 5970, relating to a dual chip orinternal Crossfire card. The third digit is the relative quality, within a series- a 5850 is lesspowerful than a 5870. Typically, a card of a higher series will always have more processingpower than a card in a lower series, even if the relative quality is better (a 5770 will be trumpedby a 5850).

Since ATI's first DirectX 9-class GPU, the company has followed a naming scheme that relateseach product to a market segment.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_processing_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATI_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATI_Ragehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperZhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Multimediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AsusTekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIS_%E2%80%93_Hightech_Information_System_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIS_%E2%80%93_Hightech_Information_System_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIS_%E2%80%93_Hightech_Information_System_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-Star_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerColorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabyte_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisionTek&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainwardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starcrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_of_Warcrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_Cry_2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radeon_5970&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radeon_5970&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_Cry_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_of_Warcrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starcrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainwardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisionTek&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabyte_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerColorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-Star_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIS_%E2%80%93_Hightech_Information_System_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIS_%E2%80%93_Hightech_Information_System_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AsusTekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Multimediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperZhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATI_Ragehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATI_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit


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4.2: Software

4.2.2: Software (Adobe Photoshop CS3 and CS4)

Adobe Photoshop CS3 is marketed with three

main components of

improvement over previous versions. Adobe

Creative Suite 3 (CS3) was announced

on March 27, 2007. It introduced universal

binaries for all major programs for the

Apple Macintosh. It work more productively, edit

with unrivalled power, and

composite with breakthrough tools. New features propagating productivity include

streamlined interface, improved Camera Raw, better control over print options,

enhanced PDF support, and better management with Adobe Bridge. Editing tools new

to CS3 are the Clone Source palette and nondestructive Smart Filters, and other

features such as the Brightness/Contrast adjustment and Vanishing Point module were

enhanced. The Black and White adjustment option improves users control over

manual grayscale conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer.Compositing is assisted with Photoshop's new Quick Selection and Refine Edge tools

and improved Image Stitching Technology. CS3 Extended contains all features of CS3

plus tools for editing and importing some 3D graphics file formats, enhancing video,

and comprehensive image analysis tools, utilizing MATLAB integration and DICOM

file support.

Adobe Photoshop CS4 was announced on September 23, 2008 as the

successor to Adobe Creative Suite 3. It was officially released on October 15, 2008.

CS4 features additions such as the ability to paint directly on 3D models, wrap 2D

images around 3D shapes, convert gradient maps to 3D objects, add depth to layers

and text, get print-quality output with the new ray-tracing rendering engine, and enjoy


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exporting to supported common 3D formats, the new Adjustment and Mask Panels,

content-aware scaling, and Fluid Canvas Rotation and File display options. On 30

April, Adobe released Photoshop CS4 Extended, which includes all the same features

of Adobe Photoshop CS4 with the addition of capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D,

and high end film and video users. The successor to Photoshop CS3, Photoshop CS4,

is the first 64-bit Photoshop on consumer computers.

5.0: PERVASIVE COMPUTING

5.1: Meaning of pervasive computing

The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to everyday

devices with embedded technology and connectivity as computing devices become

progressively smaller and more powerful. Also called ubiquitous computing,

pervasive computing is the result of computer technology advancing at exponential

speeds - a trend toward all man-made and some natural products having hardware and

software. Pervasive computing goes beyond the realm of personal computers.

It is the idea that almost any device, from clothing to tools to appliances to

cars to homes to the human body to your coffee mug, can be imbedded with chips to

connect the device to an infinite network of other devices. The goal of pervasive

computing, which combines current network technologies with wireless

computing, voice recognition, Internet capability and artificial intelligence, is to

create an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a way

that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.


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5.2: Example of pervasive computing

5.2.1: Smartphone

A smartphone is a mobile phone offering advancedcapabilities, often with PC-

like functionality. There is no industry standard definition of a

smartphone. For some,

a smartphone is a phone that runs complete operating system

software providing a

standardized interface and platform for application developers.

For others, a

smartphone is simply a phone with advanced features like e-

mail, Internet and e-book

reader capabilities, and/or a built-in full keyboard or external USB keyboard and

VGA connector. In other words, it is a miniature computer that has phone capability.

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer, also known as a palmtop

computer. Newer PDAs also have both color screens and audio capabilities, enabling

them to be used as mobile phones, web browsers, or portable media players. Many

PDAs can access the Internet via Wi-Fi, or Wireless Wide-Area Networks (WWANs).

Many PDAs employ touch screen technology.


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5.2.2: Blu-ray Disc

Blu-ray Disc (official abbreviation BD ) is an optical discstorage medium designed to supersede the standard DVDformat. Its main uses are for storing high-definition video,

PlayStation 3 video games, and other data, with up to25 GB per single-layered, and 50 GB per dual-layered disc.Although these numbers represent the standard storage forBlu-ray Disc drives, the specification is open-ended, withthe upper theoretical storage limit left unclear. The discshave the same physical dimensions as standard DVDs andCDs.

The name Blu-ray Disc derives from the " blue laser " usedto read the disc. While a standard DVD uses a650 nanometer red laser, Blu-ray Disc uses a shorter

wavelength 405 nm laser, and allows for almost ten times more data storage than a DVD. Thelaser color is called "blue," but is violet (purple) to the eye, and is very close to ultraviolet("blacklight").

During the high definition optical disc format war, Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVDformat. Toshiba, the main company that supported HD DVD, conceded in February 2008, andthe format war came to an end. In late 2009, Toshiba released its own Blu-ray Disc player.

Blu-ray Disc was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, and motion pictures. As of June 2009, more than1,500 Blu-ray Disc titles were available in Australia and the United Kingdom, with 2,500 in

Japan, the United States and Canada.Blu-Ray Discs can be clustered together in systems such as optical jukeboxes to increase datastorage. This increase of storage can span multiple terabytes and utilize hundreds of Blu-RayDiscs. These systems are currently the largest storage units using Blu-Ray technology.

Commercial HDTV sets began to appear in the consumer market around 1998, but there was nocommonly accepted, inexpensive way to record or play HD content. In fact, there was nomedium with the storage required to accommodate HD codecs, except for JVC's Digital VHSand Sony's HDCAM. Nevertheless, it was well known that using lasers with shorter wavelengthswould enable optical storage with higher density. Shuji Nakamura invented the practical bluelaser diode; it was a sensation among the computer storage-medium community, although alengthy patent lawsuit delayed commercial introduction.

Sony /Philips started two projects applying the new diodes: UDO (Ultra Density Optical), andDVR Blue (together with Pioneer) , a format of rewritable discs that would eventually becomeBlu-ray Disc (more specifically, BD-RE). The core technologies of the formats are essentiallysimilar.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_dischttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_laserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_%28color%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_definition_optical_disc_format_warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshibahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_jukeboxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terabytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CODEChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-VHShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDCAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuji_Nakamurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_laserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_laserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Density_Opticalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Density_Opticalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_laserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_laserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuji_Nakamurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDCAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-VHShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CODEChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terabytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_jukeboxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshibahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_definition_optical_disc_format_warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_%28color%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_laserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc


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The first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in October 2000. OnFebruary 19, 2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray Disc, and Blu-ray DiscFounders was founded by the nine initial members.

The first consumer device was in stores on April 10, 2003. This device was the Sony BDZ-S77, a

BD-RE recorder that was made available only in Japan. The recommended price was US$3800;

however, there was no standard for prerecorded video, and no movies were released for thisplayer. The Blu-ray Disc standard was still years away, as a newer, more secure Digital RightsManagement (DRM) system was needed before Hollywood studios would accept it notwanting to repeat the failure of the Content Scramble System used on standard DVDs. OnOctober 4, 2004, the Blu-ray Disc Founders was officially changed to the Blu-ray DiscAssociation (BDA), and 20th Century Fox joined the BDA's Board of Directors.

6.0: CONCLUSION

Open Source can be used by anyone and because it has no copyright claims, so users

are free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or

unmodified forms. Pervasive Computing is to make our lives easier because we can interact

with computers. Besides that, we can easily give the computer commands and the computer

will grant your wish.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEATEChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_Foundershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_Foundershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Rights_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Rights_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Scramble_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Foxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Foxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Scramble_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Rights_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Rights_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_Foundershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_Foundershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEATEC


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