The LeagueThe League The UNThe UN

Health OrganisationsILOMandates

CommissionDisarmament

CommissionRefugee

Organisations

WHOILOFAOUNESCOUNICEF

Agencies of the League and the UN

The League – Health Organisation

Key Features One aim of League ‘prevention and control of disease’ Set up to tackle diseases like malaria, typhus &

leprosy Introduced use of radiation to treat cancer Worked with other international agencies

The UN - WHO

Key features Created in 1948 Helped develop vaccines, eg. Against influenza Led campaigns against malaria and AIDS 1980 – eradicated smallpox Helped in crises

1947 – drugs to Egypt – cholera epidemic Death rate fell from 85% to 50% & stopped spread of

disease 1960 – Congo – sent 160 doctors

The League - ILO

Key features Set up to improve working conditions around the world Met annualy – discuss pay, hours, trade union rights Each member sent 2 delegates – one from employers,

one from workers No power to enforce will

First director – Albert Thomas – use League to prod members

Minimum working age of 15, introduced by many members Danger of lead paint widely publiscised Membership open – even USA joined Became part of UN in 1945

The UN - ILO

Key features Set up in 1946 Continued to meet in Geneva 1969 – won Nobel Peace Prize 1992 – set up International Programme on the

Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) – end child labour in 88 countries

2008 – spent over $60 million

The League – Mandates Commission

Key features Defeated powers lost colonies after WW1 Turkey also lost parts of Empire Covenant – ‘member states should be ‘mandated’ to

govern these territories’ on behalf of League Britain, France, Belgium, New Zealand, Australia and

Japan main mandatory powers Should be given independence as soon as possible Very slow

Only Iraq gained independence in 1939 – some had to wait until 1990s!

The UN - FAO

Key Features Set up in 1943, part of UN in 1945 Based in Rome 1994 – campaign against crop diseases and pests

Boosted harvest in Asia ad eliminated rinderpest 1996 – World Food Summit

112 states signed Rome Declaration to halve numbers in hunger by 2015

By 2000 – annual budget of $345 million – not always well spent

Criticised for spending too much on bureauacracy

The League - Disarmament Commission

Key features Disappointing Aim – all members to disarm but nothing happened Set up ‘military commission’ to advise members on

disarmament – little success Replaced by ‘Temporary Mixed Commission’ – military

and civilian members – no progress World Disarmament Conferences

1926 – could not even agree what armaments were 1932 – discussed rearmament in Germany. In 1934

Germany left and rearmed anyway (Hitler)

The League - Disarmament Commission

Key features Some successes

1921 – a few members agreed to limit navies – USA, Japan, Britain and France

Locarno Pact (1925) and Kellogg Briand Pact (1928) reduced tensions Not work of the League – League criticised

The UN - UNESCO

Key features Based in Paris Set up in 1946 to gain peace through education and

culture Aims – ‘since wars begin in the minds of men, it is there

that peace must be built’ Actions

1948 – reccommended all members adopt free, compulosry primary education

1972 – established 900 World Heritage Sites However… not always well run

UK (1997) and USA (2003) left for a while claiming waste of funds Both returned after reforms

The League – Refugee Organisations

Key features Many refugees after WW1 Commission for Refugees set up, led by Nansen Improved conditions in refugee camps Helped prisoners of war and refugees return home or

re-settle 1925 – helped 40,000 Armenian refugees fleeing from

Turkey to resettle in Lebanon and Syria Nansen died in 1930, but agency got Nobel Peace

Prize in 1938

The UN - UNICEF

Key features Set up in 1946 – temporary measure to help chidren

suffering after World War 2 1953 – became permanent

Aims to tackle Poverty for children Illness for children Lack of education

Achievements 1979 – Year of the Child – highlight children’s problems 1980 – vaccinating 280 million children against

tuberculosis and 32 million against malaria

The UN - UNICEF

Key features Huge success Body relies entirely on voluntary donations from

governments and people 1965 – won Nobel Peace Prize 2006 – annual income $2.7 billion