the life-boat,...626 the life-boat. [august 1, 1882. exhibition to practica accountl to hol, e...

THE LIFE-BOAT,OB

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION.

(ISSUED QUABTEBLY.)

[PRICE 3d.VOL. XI.—No. 125.] AUGUST 1, 1882.

THE GREAT INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES EXHIBITION, 1883.SINCE the great International Exhibitionof 1851, promoted by the late lamentedand ever-to-be-remembered PRINCE Cosr-SOBT, and carried to a successful termina-tion under his auspices, there have beenmany such exhibitions in this and othercountries. All of them have been ofthe most interesting and beneficial cha-racter, bringing together for comparison,imitation, and acquirement of useful know-ledge, the various natural products andmanufactures of the world, for the mutualbenefit of all civilized nations.

But, besides these great displays, therehave been intermediate technical exhibi-tions, confined to a specific subject, suchas the late highly interesting ElectricExhibitions at Paris and London, andthat held in April last at the AgriculturalHall, in London, mainly of articles de-signed to save or preserve human life.

Amongst the most interesting and use-ful of this class of Exhibitions have beenthe International Fisheries Exhibition atBerlin, in 1880, the National FisheriesExhibition at Norwich, in 1881, and thatat Edinburgh in the present year.

So great indeed was the public interestfelt in the Norwich Exhibition, that thosegentlemen who had taken an active partin organising and carrying it out—promi-nent amongst whom was Mr. EDWARDBIRKBECK, M.P. for North Norfolk—de-cided at a private meeting to exert them-selves to bring about a "Great Interna-tional Fisheries Exhibition " in London.

The immediate result of that decisionwas that a large and influential meetingwas held at Fishmongers' Hall in August,1881, presided over by the MARQUIS OFEXETER, at -which it was resolved thatsuch an exhibition would be of the greatestbenefit and importance to fishing indus-tries throughout the world; a General andan Executive Committee were formed. HerMajesty THE QUEEN graciously consentedto give her name as Patron; H.B.H. thePRINCE of WALES accepted the office ofPresident; and their Eoyal Highnessesthe DUKES of EDINBURGH, CONNAUGHT,ALBANY, PRINCE CHRISTIAN, H.S.H. theDUKE of TECK, and also the leadingmembers of the present and late Govern-ments, and many other influential noble-men and gentlemen were nominated Vice-Presidents.

Subsequently, after bestowing long andanxious consideration, and with the assist-ance of leading scientific men, the Com-mittee arranged the prospectus of theproposed Exhibition, classifying the vari-ous objects to be included in.it, "com-prising everything illustrative of sea andfresh-water fisheries; the preparation, pre-servation, and utilisation of fish ; fishculture; the natural history of fish, andliterature connected with fishing;" andanother department having relation tothe economic condition of fishermen.

It was further decided to give prizeson important subjects connected withfishing, and, with a view 1o turn the

LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL.—VOL. XL—No. 125. 2 P

626 THE LIFE-BOAT. [AUGUST 1, 1882.

Exhibition to practical account, to holeconferences for the purpose of readingand discussing subjects specially con-nected with the fishing industries.

Finally, it was decided that the Ex-hibition should be opened on the Is1May, 1883.

The next step was to hold a publicmeeting in London to elicit the approvalinterest, and pecuniary aid of the authori-ties, public bodies, and general public ofthe metropolis. Accordingly, on the 27thof February last an influential publicmeeting was held at Willis's Eooms, pre-sided over by H.R.H. the PBINCE of WALESsupported by the DUKES of EDINBURGH ancTECK, some leading members of theCabinet and Government, most of theambassadors and other representatives o:foreign countries, by the LOED MAYOB ancCivic Authorities, and by a large numberof noblemen and other influential persons.

At this meeting many interestingstatements were made illustrative 01the magnitude and importance of thefisheries of the United Kingdom. Amongstothers, it was stated in the Beport of theCommittee, read to the meeting by itsChairman, the DCJKE of RICHMOND andGORDON, that, at the lowest calculation,550,000 tons of fish are annually taken inBritish waters by our own fishermen;that, according to Professor Huxley,3,000,000,000 of herrings are annuallytaken in the North Sea alone; that130,629 tons of fish were delivered inBillingsgate Market in one year; and thatthe fisheries of the United Kingdom^ arecarried on by about 35,000 boats andvessels, giving employment to no -lessthan 110,000 people afloat. Illustrativeof the general interest taken in all relat-ing to fish, it was stated that no less than483,000 persons visited the Berlin Ex-hibition in ten weeks, and 70,000 theProvincial Exhibition at Norwich in threeweeks. Nor is it to be wondered at, thatso much interest should be felt in thesubject. Apart from the great value offish as a nutritive and wholesome articleof food, the great mysterious ocean in

which, with the exception of the compara-tively few fresh-water fish, they live, hasfrom the earliest times possessed a charm inthe eyes of man. It was as it were, of old,another and an unknown world to him.The creatures it contained could not existfor even a few minutes in his world,breathing the air he breathed, neithercould he for even as long a time inhalethe saline fluid, which to them was asthe breath of life. It was to him a dreadabyss, from which none returned who oncedescended to its unfathomable depths. Hehad seen some of the monsters that dweltin it, the whale, and probably the shark,the alligator and crocodile in its tributaryrivers, and possibly some now extinctspecies, and in imagination he even lo-cated in it some of his deities who ruledthe world of waters, as others did theearth and air. Even almost to the pre-sent day civilized people have creditedaccounts of sea-nymphs or mer-maids andmer-men; but, although the discoveries ofscience and advancement of general know-ledge have dissipated all such preposterousbeliefs, the sea still possesses a mysteryand charm of its own to many minds, in-dependently of the incalculable services ofwhich it is the medium for the benefit ofman.

In treating, however, of the advantagesof such an Exhibition as the one nowdetermined on, and in advocating itspatronage by all classes of the public, wehave to take a practical, rather than asentimental, view of the question.

What then are the advantages likelyto be derived from an InternationalFisheries Exhibition?

1. In common with all InternationalExhibitions, the promotion of amity andriendship between the people of differentnations, for, without indulging in theJtopian illusion that they are likely to

alter human nature and result in uni-versal peace, we may feel assured that.hey tend to dissipate existing prejudices

and animosities between different racesand peoples, by bringing them togethern the pursuit of a common useful object,

AUGUST 1, 1882.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 627

and affording opportunities for the exer-cise of mutual courtesies, as well as peace-ful commercial intercourse.

2. The acquirement of knowledge of allthat has been learned by other nations onthe special object of the Exhibition, inthis instance of the fisheries of the world;of all pertaining to fish, and the means bywhich they are captured; to fishermen,their boats and nets, and lines and bait,and their skilful use. And we shall besure to find that if in some matters we arepre-eminent, there are isome whereon wehave much to learn from other countries.

8. Possibly, some enlightenment on thevital question, whether or not the sea isover-fished, or if the re-production of fish,in excess of consumption, is being gradu-ally diminished by injudicious fishing atwrong seasons, or by the wholesale de-struction of spawn or of young fish beforelarge enough to be of edible .value, and asto what steps, if any, might be practicableto remedy the existing evil if found toexist.

4. The dissemination of all that experi-ence has taught as to the lengthened andvaried .modes of preservation of fish asfood after capture, and of the transfer toand acclimatization of living fish in theseas and inland waters where they havenot previously existed.

5. To learn if anything more can bedone than has already been done to renderthe avocation of a fisherman less perilousthan it has hitherto been, and to reducethe number of widows and orphans in thefishing villages of our coast, which is aug-mented by well nigh every winter's gale.

In this last question the NATIONALLIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION is specially in-terested. Apart from its falling within

its own sphere of operations, the savingof life on our coasts, the Institution isspecially interested in the lives of ourfishing population, as by far the greaternumber of its life-boats are manned byfishermen, who skilfully work them, andfearlessly risk their own lives in thehumane, but perilous service, and it mustever therefore take a lively interest, in allthat concerns their welfare.

Some twelve years ago the Instituiionwas happily instrumental in introducinga general improvement in the fishingboats of the east coast of Scotland, byplacing on it four sample semi-deckedboats, which, when caught in gales ofwind at a distance from the land, couldbe temporarily hatched over and batteneddown, and thereby rendered as safe as adecked vessel; and such boats are nowin general use on that coast.

Hoping to further promote the safety ofour fishermen, the Institution has nowundertaken to provide the master or ownerof every fishing vessel engaged at long dis-tances from the land with a good aneroidbarometer at less than half its wholesalecost, which the Committee of the Institu-tion think, by warning them of approach-ing gales, might often be the means oftheir reaching ports of safety before toolate, and thus be instrumental in savingtheir lives.

In conclusion, we have only to expressour gratification at the prospect of so in-valuable an Exhibition being held, andthe hope that it may be as highly appre-ciated and supported by the British publicas it deserves.

We may add that the Exhibition is tobe held at the Horticultural Gardens,South Kensington.

REWARDS FOR SAVINGONE of the mosj; important features in theorganisation of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTI-TUTION, independently of the establishment ofLife-boats by it, is to encourage laudable effortsby every available means to save life from ship-wreck on our coasts. Accordingly persons whohave performed valuable services in saving lifefrom wrecks, by means of shore-boats or other-

LIFE PROM SHIPWRECK.•wise, when brought under its notice, are alwaysliberally rewarded. They are usually per-formed either at places where no Life-boat isstationed, or where, from the circumstances ofthe case, the services of the Life-boat are notneeded. The Life-boat is mostly called into

j requisition when no shore-boat could ventureout with safety.

2 P 2

628 THE LIFE-BOAT. [AUGUST 1,1882.

SBEVICES OP THE LIFE-BOATS OP THE NATIONAL LIFEJBOATINSTITUTION (continued).

AYR,N.B.—The brigantine Maggie Wood,of Belfast, bound from that port to Ayr inballast, stranded on the Barton Bocks,about a mile and a half south of AyrHarbour, during a gale of wind from theW.N.W. and a heavy sea on the eveningof the 1st Jan. 1882. As the gale was in-creasing, it was dangerous for any otherthan a Life-boat to proceed to the vessel,and the Glasgow Workman Life-boat, sta-tioned at Ayr, therefore went off to her witha steam tug from the Harbour. Lineswere passed by the Life-boat from thebrigantine to the steamer, which wasunable to get near her, on account of theshallowness of the water, and the vessel,which had lost her rudder, was towed toTroon, the master's wife being landed bythe Life-boat.

WINTEHTON, KOEPOLK.—At about 4 A.M.on the 5th January a rocket was firedfrom the Wold lightship. The crew ofthe Husband Life-boat immediately mus-tered and the boat was1 launched. Shewent to the lightship, which reportedthat a light had been seen on the Has-borough Sand. The Life-boat proceededthere, and found the brig Louisa, ofStettin, Prussia, bound from Hull to Ply-mouth with coal, sunk in the sand, hertopsail being just out of the water. For-tunately she discovered one of the vessel'sboats, having five of the crew and a womanon board; those six persons were taken

into the Life-boat and brought safelyashore. The remaining three men of thecrew, who had taken to another of thevessel's boats, were picked up by a smackand taken to Great Yarmouth.

On the 8th March a steamer wasobserved ashore on the Hasborough Sandat 3 P.M. during a fresh S.W. wind. TheHusband Life-boat went to her assistance,and found that she was the s.s. Napier, ofShields, coal laden. The Life-boat re-mained by her until 7 P.M., when she for-tunately floated off the sand with the floodtide.

CRBSSWELL, NOBTHTJMBEBLAND.—Signalsof distress were observed at 3 A.M. on the14th January during a S.S.E. wind and amoderate sea, the weather at the timebeing hazy. The Old Potter Life-boat wasat once launched, proceeded in the direc-tion in which the signals had been seen,and, after having gone a distance of aboutthree miles, she found the brig Swift, ofRrageroe, Norway, ashore and labouringheavily. With the assistance of the Life-boat the vessel was got afloat, and on thefollowing day she was towed to Stunder-land, to which port she was bound fromErageroe with a cargo of mining timber.

POBT LOGAN, N.B.—At 9.30 A.M. on the31st January, during a strong S.E. gale,the galliot Gateforth, of Whithorn, boundfrom Ayr to Whithorn with coal, was at

AUGUST 1,1882.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 629

anchor in the bay, and showed a signal forassistance. An open boat, with the cox-swain of the Life-boat and three other men,•went off to her and got her under way.She, however, missed stays, and went closeto the rocks on the north of the harbour.Her anchor was then let go, and as shewas in a very dangerous position the Life-boat Edinburgh and B, M. Ballantyne waslaunched, under the charge of her secondcoxswain, proceeded to the vessel, and re-mained by her until she was taken to aplace of safety.

FLKETWOOD, LANCASHIRE.—At about3.45 P.M. on the 16th February it was re-ported that a vessel was ashore on ShellWharf. The wind was then blowing a freshgale from the W. and a very heavy crosssea was running. The Life-boat Child ofHale proceeded in tow of the steam tugBelief to the vessel, and found she wasthe barque Venus, of Helsingborg, Sweden,bound to Fleetwood with a cargo of sawnfir-deals. The master's wife, a little boy,a female servant, and nine of the crewwere taken into the Life-boat, but thecaptain and mate refused to leave thevessel. The Life-boat remained alongsidefor a considerable time and then returnedashore.

On the following morning the Life-boat,in tow of the tug Relief, returned to thevessel, taking back the crew to try againto get her into the harbour, but allattempts then to do so failed, and theLife-boat came back to the shore, leavingthe crew on board and landing the captain,who was much exhausted.

On the succeeding morning the Life-boat and tug once more went out, andtheir perseverance was rewarded by thevessel being eventually brought to a safeanchorage.

DUNBAR, N.B.—On the 27th February,at about 8 A.M., a small vessel was seenriding at anchor in comparatively shallowwater, with a signal of distress flying,about five miles E. of Dunbar. The Life-boat Wallace put off to her assistance, andfound that she was the lighter Sophia, ofHull, bound from Newcastle to Dunbarwith coal. She was being brought up bya tug on the previous day, when thesteamer's shaft broke and the vessel hadto be cast adrift. She proceeded underher own sail, but the wind changing

during the night and becoming stronger,and the sea being heavy, she was in greatdanger of being lost. Her crew of threemen were taken into the Life-boat andsafely landed at Skateraw Harbour.

LTDD, KENT.—The David Hulett Life-boat put off at 4.30 A.M. on the 2nd Marchto the assistance of the brigantine Oon-cordia, of Guernsey, which had strandedon the sands about half a mile from theboathouse, and was showing signals of dis-tress. Owing to a flood tide, a stronggale of wind from the W.S.W., and a veryheavy sea, the boat fell to leeward of thevessel, whereupon a steam tug which waslying in the bay went to her aid and towedher as near to the wreck as she could withsafety. The Life-boat's anchor was thendropped, and she veered down to thevessel, and, after one or two attempts,succeeded in getting a line from her. Pre-viously to this, four of the shipwreckedcrew had got into their boat, which wasstove in and fall of water when the Life-boat reached her, three of the men beingengaged in baling her and the other manusing the only oar they had in the boat.These men were first rescued, and after aperiod of long and anxious labour theLife-boat also succeeded in taking off themaster and one of the crew who were stillon board. Their rescue was effected justin time, for in ten minutes afterwards thevessel sunk.

WHITHOEN, N.B.—The s.s. Kittiwake, ofCarlisle, while leaving Whithorn Harbour,at about 11.15 P.M. on the 6th March,during a fresh S. breeze, got her steeringgear foul, and stranded on the ScreensRocks. The coxswain of the Life-boat,with the sub-coxswain and two other men,went off to her in the harbour boat andbrought ashore two lady-passengers. Thesea was not very heavy then, but as itwas rising it was thought advisable totake out the Life-boat and remain by thevessel. The Life-boat Charlie Peek wasaccordingly launched at midnight; shesoon reached the steamer, and, after re-maining some time by her, she eventuallybrought ashore all those left on board,consisting of seven men.

CAISTER, NORFOLK.—On the 7th March,at 1.30 P.M., a barque was seen to goashore on the Scroby Sand. A strong


S.W. wind was blowing at the time, andthere was a heavy sea on the sand. TheLife-boat Godsend proceeded to her, andfound she was the Canmore, of Dundee,bound from Dunkirk to the Tyne inballast. The master at once engaged theservices of the crew to get the vessel off.The wind and sei ultimately increasedvery much, and as night came on the Life-boatmen were afraid that if the barquebroke up they would be unable to savethe crew with the small boat, and they,therefore, signalled for the large Life-boatthe Covent Garden, which was at oncelaunched, and went to the vessel. For-tunately, however, with the aid of theLife-boats and .a steam tug, the vessel wasgot off the sands, and proceeded to Yar-mouth Roads, the large Life-boat accom-panying her. The barque had a crew offifteen men, a woman and a child beingalso on board.

PAKBFIBLD, SUFFOLK.—The smack Alert,of Lowestoft, with thirty packages of fishon board, was seen at 8 P.M. on the 7thMarch with a flare burning on deck, onthe Newcome Sands. The wind was blow-ing strongly from the S.W. and the seawas rough. The Life-boat Two SistersMary and Hannah proceeded to her, andfound that her crew were about to leaveher, having already put their clothes intheir boat. It was, however, decided totry to save the vessel, and a rope havingbeen passed from her to the Life-boat, shewas ultimately got off the sands and takensafely into harbour. She had a crew of sixmen.

APPLEDOBE, NOBTH DEVON.—At about9.50 A.M. on the 8th March a dismastedvessel was seen in the Bay, driving to-wards the North Tail Sand. A strongW.S.W. wind was blowing, accompaniedby a heavy ground sea. In reply to hersignals of distress the Life-boat MaryAnn was launched, and brought ashorethe master, pilot, and crew of two men.She proved to be the smack Mary Stevens,of Padstow, bound from Barnstaple toNewport in ballast.

CEMLYN, ANGLESEY.—At about 9 A M .on the 21st March, during a gale from theN.W., the flat Three Brothers, of Chester,which was riding at anchor in CemlynBay, exhibited a signal of distress. The

Good Shepherd Life-boat at once pro-ceeded to her assistance, and broughtthe crew of two men safely ashore.During the night the vessel broke fromher moorings, and became a total wreck.

THUBSO, N.B.—During a severe gale ofwind from the W., veering to N.E., be-tween 7 and 8 o'clock on the evening ofthe 21st March, the schooners Volant, ofWick, and Queen, of Inverness, whichwere both lying far out in the roadstead,commenced to drag their anchors andshowed flare lights. The Charley LloydLife-boat put off, and brought ashore fourmen from each of those vessels. As othercraft were lying in the roadstead, theLife-boat was kept afloat during thenight, but the gale moderated and theyall held to their anchors.

TYNEMOUTH, NOBTHUMBEBLAND. — Asthe s.s. Robert Watson Boyd, of NorthShields, coal laden for Constantinople,was going to sea at about 7 A.M. on the22nd March, her steering gear brokedown, she became unmanageable, anddrifted on to the Black Middens, whereshe stranded. As the tide rose, effortswere made by steam tugs to get her off;but all attempts proved unavailing, and,on account of the increasing sea, the tugswere compelled to leave her. At about2 P.M. signals of distress were shown fromthe steamer, whereupon the Forester Life-boat proceeded to her and brought ashorefourteen men and some nautical instru-ments. There were about sixty personson board the vessel, consisting of the'crew and several men who had boardedher to assist in getting her afloat, theremainder of whom were safely landed byother Life-boats from Shields.

FlSHGTTABD, SOUTH WALES. On the22nd March, at about 7.30 A.M., a signalof distress was shown from a vessel atanchor in the bay, where she had beenriding with others during the night. Thewind was blowing a strong gale from theN.N.E., at the time, accompanied by ahigh sea. The gun was fired to assemblethe Life-boat crew, and immediately after-wards the signal of distress was hauleddown. Thinking the vessel did not thenrequire assistance, the Life-boatmen weredispersing, but on this being observed onboard the vessel, which was lying just off


the boat-house, the distress signal wasagain hoisted. The Life-boat Helen ofFoxley then went off at once, and in tenminutes was alongside the vessel, whichproved to be the Thomas and Sons, ofAberystwith, bound from Carnarvon toLlanelly with slates. The captain andcrew of two men wished to be broughtashore, fearing that she would part fromher chains and drift on the sands. Theywere accordingly taken on board the Life-boat and landed at Goodwick Quay.

Just then another vessel was seen torun up a signal for assistance, and theLife-boat without delay proceeded to her.She was the smack Martha Jane, ofAberystwith, bound from Bangor toSwansea with slates. The captain andcrew of two men also wished to leavetheir vessel, and were therefore takeninto the Life-boat.

On the way back to the shore theschooner Glanmanai, of Beaumaris, boundfrom Portmadoc to Cardiff with slates, alsohoisted a signal of distress. The Life-boat went alongside and took off her crewof three men. Both crews were thenlanded at Goodwick Quay.

As soon as these men had been landed,a fourth vessel—the three-masted schoonerPerseverance, of Belfast, bound from Larneto Newport with iron ore—hoisted a sig-nal for assistance, and the Life-boat wentout a third time and brought the crew,consisting of six men, safely ashore.

As the sea was then too heavy to getthe Life-boat up the slipway, and as itwas possible that her services might beagain required, it was decided to keepher afloat during the ebb tide, and shewas anchored off the boat-house with acrew on board. In the evening the galemoderated, and she was taken into Good-wick Quay.

KESSINGLAND, SUFFOLK. — Signals ofdistress were observed at 7.45 P.M. on the24th March from the schooner J. W. T.,of Truro, bound from Euncorn to New-castle with a cargo of rock salt. The

' St. Michael's Paddington Life-boat at onceproceeded to her assistance, and foundthat she had stranded on the inner partof the Barnard Sand. She floated againbut was in a leaky condition, and theLife-boat therefore remained by her andassisted to take her to North Yar-mouth.

CLOVELLY, NORTH DEVON.—The ketchBlue Bell, of Padstow, lying at anchor offClovelly'on the 26th March, at 11 A.M.showed a signal of distress. A fresh galefrom the N. was blowing at the time, andthere was a heavy sea. The Clovelly Life-boat was immediately launched, and onreaching the vessel found that she hadlost some of her sails and was ridingheavily at her anchors. The crew ofthree men were anxious to be rescuedfrom their perilous situation, and theywere therefore brought ashore in theLife-boat.

POBT ISAAC, COBNWALL.—On the 26thMarch, at about 1 P.M., the schoonerBritish Queen, of Wexford, bound fromthat port to Porthcawl in ballast, wasobserved to be in distress. The windwas blowing a strong gale from theN.N.W., and there was a heavy searunning. The crew of four men wereseen to leave the ship about a mile offthe shore in their own boat. The Richardand Sarah Life-boat was at once launched,and after about an hour's pull rescuedthe crew when they were within a hun-dred yards of the cliff, where escape wouldhave been impossible.

KAMSEY, ISLE OF MAN. — At about2 o'clock on the afternoon of Sunday,26th March, a signal of distress wasshown by the schooner Countess of Caith-ness', of Gloucester, bound from Limerickto Port William, N.B., with a cargo ofbones. A fresh gale from N. by W. wasblowing then, and the sea was rough.The Two Sisters Life-boat at once wentto her, and the master asked for help toget his vessel out of her perilous position,as she was then close to the rocks nearManghold Head. Four of the Life-boatmen went on board, and as it wasimpossible to" make Ramsey Harbour shewas taken to Douglas, which was reachedabout 5 P.M. The crew, consisting ofthree men, were quite exhausted, andthe master had had no rest for eightdays.

POETHCAWL, SOUTH WALES,—At about7 A.M. on the 29th March, a boat con-taining the captain and three of the crewof the steamer Liban, of Nantes, landedat Porthcawl, and reported that theirvessel had stranded on the Tuskar rocks,

632 THE LIFE-BOAT. [ATJGUST 1, 1882.

during a very thick fog, at 11.30 on theprevious night. They • also stated thattheie were eight men still on board ingreat danger as she was likely to becomea total wreck. The Life-boat ChafynGrove immediately proceeded to thestranded steamer, and brought the eightmen safely ashore.

HOWTH, Co. DUBLIN. — On the 29thMarch, at about 5.15 P.M., during a freshW. gale and a heavy sea, the coxswain ofthe Life-boat being on watch at the Coast-guard Station, observed a small vesseldrag her anchors and go ashore on Ire-land's Eye Island. She then hoisted asignal of distress, the sea making cleanbreaches over her. The Clara, BakerLife-boat was at once launched, and pro-ceeded to her assistance. The Life-boatmen laid out an anchor and triedto heave her off. but failed to do so, andtwo of the crew were then taken into theLife-boat and brought ashore. She wasthe lugger Emerald Isle, of Howth, ladenwith gravel.

At 5 A.M. on the 2nd April a brig wasobserved on shore on Baldoyle Bank.The Clara Baker Life-boat was launched,and, with great difficulty, owing to thestrong gale which was then blowing fromthe E. and the heavy sea, reached thevessel, which was then on her beam ends,her crew having taken refuge in the main-topmast rigging, where the sea was wash-

ing over them. As the Life-boat wasprevented from going alongside by thewreckage which was lying near, and bythe heavy sea, she dropped anchor, veereddown on the wreck, and ultimately effecteda communication by means of the heavingline. A life-buoy was then hauled out,and the crew, consisting of five men, weretaken into the Life-boat and broughtsafely ashore. The wrecked vessel provedto be the Elizabeth, of Whitehaven, boundfrom Liverpool to Dundalk with a cargoof coals.

BLTTH, NORTHUMBEKLAKD.—On Sundaymorning, the 2nd April, at half-past seveno'clock, a galliot was observed to goashore on the outer ledge of Seaton SeaRocks during a strong E. wind and arough sea. As she was in a perilousposition, the Life-boat Salford was imme-diately launched and proceeded to thevessel, which proved to be the Ebenezer,of Stavanger, bound from Hernosand toBlyth in ballast. The Life-boat's anchorwas let go, and she veered alongside asnear as she could get and then threw aline on board, by means of which five ofthe crew were hauled into the Life-boatwith a life-buoy through the surf, andwere brought safely ashore. One of thecrew had previously succeeded in reachingthe land with the help of a life-buoy. Thevessel's masts fell overboard, and she soonbecame a total wreck.

THE NEW EDDYSTONE LIGHTHOUSE.

In former numbers of this journal wepublished a series of papers on "Lightsand Lighthouses," to which an account ofthis the last of our great outlying light-towers will be an appropriate sequel.

As a preamble to our description of it,which may interest our readers, we quotethe following brief account of the previouslight-towers erected on the Eddy stonerocks, from the fifty-seventh number ofthis journal, published in July, 1865 :—

Of the British light-towers of the outlyingclass, that on the Eddystone rock, 9 miles offthe coast of Cornwall, is the most celebrated,although much larger ones have been since

built on the same design. The first light-toweron these dangerous rocks was designed byMr. WINSTANLEY, and was formed of wood; itwas commenced in 1696 and completed in 1698It was 60 ft. high; but as the sea broke fairlyover its tup, its height was subsequently in-creased to 120 ft. In November, 1703, someconsiderable repairs were being executed, whenthe storm of the 26th of that month swept theentire edifice away, and Mr. WTNSTANLEY andthe whole of his assistants, 30 in number, un-happily perished on the occasion—a proof ofthe danger and difficulty attending the con-struction of such works. Shortly after itsdestruction, the Winchelsea ship-of-war waswrecked on these rocks, and most of her crewwere drowned. In 1706 another tower, like-wise of wood, was commenced under the direc-


tion of Mr. JOHN RUDYERD, of 'London, and wascompleted in 1708. This one lasted until theyear 1755, when the whole edifice was destroyedby fire. The height of this tower was 92 ft.,and the diameter at its base 23 ft.

The great importance of a light on thesedangerous rocks having been long recognisedby seamen, no tune was now lost in replacing it,

and Mr. SMEATON was intrusted with its re-erection. On the 12th June, 1757, the firststone of the present edifice was laid, and thelast on the 20th August, 1759. The wholestructure is 93 ft. in height, and has 26 ft.diameter at the base. The first 12 ft. abovethe rock is a solid mags of masonry, the stonesbeing united to each other by means of stone

50 FEET

joggles, dovetailed joints, and oak tree-nails.This beautiful tower, which, after the lapse ofmore than a century, stands as firm as the rookon which it rests, has been the model of suc-cessive structures in similar positions.

The seventeen years that have passedsince the above was written have provedthat Smeaton's noble edifice stood after120 years, not merely as firm but firmerthan the rock on which it rested.

For some years past tremors and oscilla-tions more or less alarming had been feltby the keepers in gales of wind and heavyseas, in consequence of which remedialmeasures were taken by the introductionof internal iron ties, &c., but withouteffect. Accordingly, in 1877, AdmiralSir RICHARD COLLINSON, the DeputyMaster, and some of the elder brethrenof the Trinity Corporation, with their Chief

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Engineer, Mr. JAMES N. DOUGLASS, O.E.,thoroughly examined the tower and therock on which it stood, with the result offinding the rock itself undermined andthe stability of the tower thereby endan-gered, but the edifice itself perfectlysound. What nobler tribute can be con-ceived to the skilful engineer who designedit than that the great sea itself, which hasworn away and undermined the hardestand loftiest cliffs and shaped the outlyingand jagged rocks on our coast, had workedits will on the rock itgelf, but had failedin the 120 years it had broken over andagainst it to injure this monument ofscientific mind and skilful hand.

The question, we believe, then arosewhether to erect a new tower in anotherposition on the group of rocks, or toremove, by blasting, the rocks themselvesto such a depth that they should -be nolonger a danger to the largest ships ; andif the sole object of the light had been towarn vessels of the hidden danger beneathit the latter course would have been prac-ticable, although attended with muchdifficulty and vast expense. But ex-perience had shown the immense valueof the light and tower, not only as a guideby night and a leading mark by day tothe important naval and mercantile portof Plymouth, but, standing in the van ofthe long series of these night sentinels onour coast thence to the Straits of Dover,as an unerring guide to every vessel,British or foreign, entering and traversingthe narrow seas between the English andEuropean shores.

Unhesitatingly, therefore, it was deter-mined to erect a new and loftier tower, ofwhich Mr. DOUGLASS was at once in-structed to prepare the design.

The spot chosen for the new towerafter careful surveys is about forty yardsS.S.E. of the old one. The circumstanceof the selected rock being only just abovethe level of low water necessarily addedto the labour, and even to the risk of life,of the workmen, who were sometimes sub-merged by a sudden heavy sea breakingover them, and who worked with life-

belts round them, only saving themselvesfrom being swept away by the sea byholding on to iron stanchions until thedanger was past. This risk was foreseen,but was not considered a serious diffi-culty.

On the 17th July, 1878, the work wascommenced; and as illustrative of thedifficulty, delays, and, as stated above,even danger attending its earlier stages,it was not until June in the followingyear that the coffer dam, which had to befirst made, was completed, and the sur-face of the rock prepared for the com-mencement of the structure itself.

On the 21st of that month, all beingin readiness, the DUKE OP EDINBURGH, asMaster of the Trinity House, accompaniedby the PRINCE OF WALES, went to Ply-mouth in order to lay the foundationstone on that day, but the sea, which isno respecter of persons, forbad the cere-mony.

On the 19th of August, however, theirKoyal Highnesses met with better success,and on that day the foundation stone wasduly laid, with the usual ceremonies, bythe DUKE or EDINBURGH, in presence ofthe PBINCB OF WALKS, Sir BICHABD Coi-LINSON, the Deputy-Master, and severalof the Elder Brethren of the TrinityCorporation, the First Lord of theAdmiralty, the Port Admiral, the Vicarof Plymouth, who offered up the prayerof invocation, and others.

And now the noble edifice is complete,and has commenced its daily and nightlyround of service, which we may reason-ably hope it will without cessation do forcenturies to come.

It had been computed that more thanfive years would have been required tocomplete it, but, thanks io the wonderfuladvance in modern scientific appliances,to the admirable arrangements in allthe branches of the undertaking, fromthe cutting out and shaping the granitestones in the quarries to the landingthem on the rock and placing each in itsbed, and to the energy and zeal of allemployed, the work has been done in


about eighteen months less than the com-puted time.

The following is a brief description ofthe new tower and light, the substance ofwhich we have extracted from an in-teresting treatise on 'The EddystoneLighthouses, New and Old/ by E. PriceEdwards, Esq., of the Trinity House,published by Simpkin, Marshall & Co., towhich we beg to refer such of our readersas may wish for a more detailed andcomplete account of them.

To Mr. Edwards we are also indebtedfor the blocks of the two accompanyingillustrations, being vertical sections of thetwo towers, showing their exterior out-line, the thickness of their walls, and thesize and character of the apartmentswithin. It will be seen how superior isthe accommodation, both in the livingand sleeping rooms, for the light keepersand for the stowage of oil, water, coals,and other stores which the larger sizeof the new tower has made practicable.Thus besides the larger size of eachapartment it will be noticed that theyare eight in number in the new building,in addition to the entrance room andwater tank, whereas there were only fourin the old one.

But another and more important advan-tage is gained by the increased height ofthe new light, in that it will sweep amore distant horizon and thus be seenby vessels from some miles greater dis-tance than before, the old light having ahorizontal range of 14 miles, the new oneof 17J miles. A smaller light is alsoshown from a window about 40 feet belowthe main one, having a shorter range andless lateral scope, to indicate the positionof the dangerous rocks termed the "HandDeeps," about 3^ miles westward fromthe Eddystone.

The chief or upper light is 130 ft.above high water, and the extreme heightof the tower from the lower side of thebase to the top of the lantern 165 ft.The tower is constructed of carefullyselected granite from Cornwall and Scot-land. It contains 2,171 stones, 63,020

cubic feet in bulk, weighing 4,668 tons,and is solid from the base to 25J ft.above high water, excepting the watertank in the centre. The lower courses ofstone are united by Boman cement, andthe main body by Portland cement. Thediameter of the rooms is 14 ft., exceptthe lower oil room, which is 12ft. 9 in.,and the entrance 11 ft. 6 in. The tankwill contain 3,500 gallons of water, andis replenished fortnightly, weather per-mitting, together with provisions andother stores, by a relieving vessel. Thereis storage space for 2,660 gallons of oilin the oil rooms, which is about a ninemonths' supply. The entrance doors aremade of gun metal, and each weighs a ton.The entrance is reached on the outside bya ladder formed by metal rungs let intothe stonework.

A hollow iron column passes down thecentre of the tower, within which are thechain and weight which set in motionthe clockwork that regulates the rotationof the glass apparatus round the burners,and with which the strikers of the twofog bells can be connected at pleasure, sothat they work automatically, striking atthe same intervals as the periodic flashesof the light. The clockwork requireswinding up every hour for the light alone,and every forty nynutes when the bellsare likewise in use. The light has thespeciality of being a double one, onebelow the other, with a space of about6J ft. between them. Each is separatelycomposed of six-wicked burners, havingsix cylindrical wicks, one within theother. Each can be used separately, butin thick weather both will be used, andtheir united brilliancy can be imaginedfrom the statement that their light, asconcentrated by the lens apparatus, isestimated to be equal to that of a quarterof a million of ordinary candles.

The apparatus for concentrating thelight is that which is termed the dioptricsystem, as distinguished from the catop-tric, the latter concentrating the rays oflight by means of a series of highlypolished metal reflectors placed behind


SERVICE RHOM

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the light, and the former conveyingthem direct but refracted, by passingthrough lenses of glass, a fuller descrip-tion of which beautiful system will befound in the sixty-second number of thisjournal, with accompanying illustrations.It will suffice here to state that in thedioptric system the light is enclosedwithin one of those singular lookingcircular frames of glass lenses whichwill be familiar to every one who hasvisited any of the national or inter-national exhibitions in London and otherEnglish and European cities. Theselenses are so formed and arranged inconcentric rings around the light as torefract all the upward and downwardrays which would otherwise be wastedon the sky above and on the water below,and direct them so as to form a broadband of light around the whole horizon,or on that portion of it requiring to be lit,thus displaying a far more brilliant lightto all vessels coming within its range.

Two specialities will be observed in theexterior form of the new tower as com-pared with the old one: 1. That its baseis cylindrical and of larger diameter thanthe lower and widest part of the mainshaft resting on it, thus affording a con-venient landing from a boat, and a cir-cular platform 4 ft. 3 in. wide on whichthe keepers can take walking exercise infine weather at low water, both undoubtedadvantages. It is 44 ft. in diameter, and22ft. high. 2. That the shaft has notat its lower part the sharp bell-shapedcurve of Smeaton's tower. The effect ofthis alteration will no doubt be to breakup the crests of the waves, their wholeforce being expended on the cylindricalbase and lower part of the shaft, wherebest able to bear it, instead of their beingconducted, as it were, unbroken up theface of the tower almost to the lantern atits summit.

It must be remembered, however, thatthe force which raised the waves to sogreat a height was exerted perpendicu-

larly, not laterally, on the shaft above thecurve at its base, and that Smeaton'stower never betrayed any lateral weaknessduring the 123 years that the waves ranup its weather beaten sides and fell thun-dering upon the rocks beneath. It is dueto the celebrated designer to state thismuch in proof of his forethought and ofthe correctness of the principle on whichhe shaped the tower.

The cost of the new Lighthouse com-plete was 78.000Z.

As is the case at all our outlying light-towers the light keepers are four in num-ber, three of whom are always in it, theother on the land, each in succession goingthere for a fortnight, alternating with sixweeks at the tower.

On the 17th of May, the tower and allits appurtenances being complete, theinauguration of the Lighthouse was fitlysuperintended by H.E.H. the DUKE OFEDINBUKOH, as Master of the TrinityHouse, supported by the Deputy-Masterand Elder Brethren, the Mayor and Cor-poration of Plymouth, the chief naval andmilitary authorities, by Commodore LUCE,the commander of a small United States'squadron, which aptly chanced to be atPlymouth at the time; and illustrative ofthe great local and general interest in theundertaking it was computed that about9,000 persons were present, on boardsteamers, yachts, pleasure boats, &c.

The stump, being all the solid portionof Smeaton's tower, is to remain standingbeside its younger and grander sisteruntil the sea shall ultimately destroy therock on which it stands and scatter itsremains, until which, we trust far distanttime, it will be regarded with interest bythe passing mariner as a memorial ofdeparted usefulness and of the scientificman who designed it.

Its upper portion is to be re-erected onthe Hoe, a commanding position in thetown of Plymouth, which overlooks theharbour, its celebrated breakwater, andthe sea beyond.

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THE FISHEBMAN'S ANEROID BAEOMETEE.

THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTIONhas decided to supply Owners or Mastersof Fishing Vessels with an Aneroid Baro-meter of a superior and reliable character,at a small cost, which must make thisuseful instrument a welcome addition toevery decked fishing-boat's equipment.

The value of the weather warnings of

an aneroid or a mercurial barometer can-not be disputed. Mr. BIKKBECK, M.P., insuggesting that the Institution might takethis step, stated that it had come to hisknowledge that during the fearful galesof last winter, when so many fishingvessels were lost, those of them whichhad aneroids on board were, by observing

OYAL NATIONALBOAT INSTITUTION

previously their indications, saved fromperil, while many which did not possessthem were lost, involving the loss ofscores of valuable lives.

It is more than twenty years since theInstitution undertook to supply barometersto its Life-boat Stations, and also to someother places. The result has been mostencouraging in every way. 1st. The coast

population of those places have numerouslywatched the indications of the barometers,with the aid of the daily registered chartusually attached to them; and 2ndly,they have come to the determination atmost places to be guided in their businessmovements by the indications of thebarometers.

By means of those barometers and their


timely warnings, it is certain that theNATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION musthave indirectly contributed to the saving ofthe lives of a large number of fishermen.

It will thus be seen what beneficial re-sults are likely to accrue to life and pro-perty if this fresh important step of theInstitution is appreciated and encouragedby the owners of fishing vessels.

At present it is notorious that themasters of our small fishing craft hardlyever think of carrying with them an ane-roid, and thus, when in mid-ocean, theyare without the most hopeful means offorecasting the disasters which too oftenovertake them when gales of wind suddenlyspring up.

It may be mentioned that the NATIONALLIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION has spared noeffort to obtain a good instrument, andone that will not easily get out of orderon board fishing smacks, or that wouldrequire repairing at frequent intervals.

In short, if taken ordinary care, of, oneof these aneroids may confidently be ex-pected to do its work for many years.

The foregoing is the illustration of thefisherman's aneroid barometer in question.Its dial or face, which is enamelled, is fiveinches in diameter, being half an inch largerthan the ordinary full-sized aneroid, andthe case is bronzed, to prevent corrosion.

In calling public attention to thefisherman's aneroid, the following addresson the subject has been issued by theInstitution, and is found at most of itsLife-boat Stations and at some other placeson the coast:—

" The attention of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION has been called to the

great use an aneroid barometer would beto fishing boats, for indicating the ap-proach of bad weather. It is a matter ofexperience that notice of a coming gale isoften given by an aneroid—as it is by anordinary mercurial barometer—some hoursbefore the storm is actually felt. It seemsreasonable, then, to hope that with suchan instrument placed in the hands of in-telligent fishermen, such men might beprevented from putting to sea when a galeis imminent, or be enabled to decide whenit is prudent to ran for a port; and thussome mitigation in the loss of life on boardfishing vessels, through their being over-taken by gales of wind, might be lookedfor. Certainly fishermen, in common withother seafaring men, would be benefitedby its use, and probably be able to avoidsome of the dangers so often at presentproving disastrous to them.

" The Committee of the NATIONALLIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION having, underthese circumstances, obtained the co-operation of some of the most experiencedmakers, are now in a position to offer tothe owners or masters of fishing vesselssuch an instrument at a great reductionon the cost of it to the Institution.* Theaneroids will be made by Messrs. Negrettiand Zambra and Messrs. Dollond and Co.,of London, and each one, before it is sentto the coast, will be thoroughly tested andmade reliable.

" As the sole object of the Institutionin this matter is to benefit fishermen, theaneroids can only be supplied to ownersor masters of fishing vessels, and applica-cations for them to the Institution will bereceived through the Honorary Secretariesof the Branches of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION on various parts of thecoast."

* Eleven shillings and sixpence each Aneroid.

ADDITIONAL STATIONS AND NEW LIFE-BOATS.

WHITBT. — The NATIONAL LIFE-BOATINSTITUTION has replaced the No. 1 Life-boat on this Station by a new boat, 34 feetlong, 8 feet wide, and rowing 10 oars, whichwas presented by Mrs. MABT ANN ELLIS,of York, and formerly of North Grrimston,through C. H. DUNHILL, Esq., M.D., thezealous Hon. Secretary of the York Branch

of the Institution, in memory of her latehusband, the Eev. EOBEBT ELLIS, theLife-boat being named the Robert andMary Ellis. The boat is provided with anew transporting carriage. On the wayto its station it was exhibited in York, onthe 2nd December last. The crew went overfrom Whitby to man the boat, which was


drawn in procession through the principalstreets of the city, the band of the YorkArtillery Volunteers leading the way.Large crowds of people assembled, and atand near the Blue Bridge, over the EiverOuse, where the ceremony of naming andlaunching was to take place, there wereseveral thousands of people present TheEev. F. L. PALMES, in the name of Mrs.ELLIS, formally presented the Life-boat tothe Institution. The gift was acknow-ledged by Commander ST.VINCENT NEPEAN,E.N., its District Inspector of Life-boats,who stated that at no place would a Life-boat have a better opportunity of seeinggood service than at Whitby, where themen were always ready to risk their livesin order to save others, and where he was

sure that its interests and efficiency wouldbe well looked after. EDWABD W. CHAP-MAN, Esq., Chairman of the Whitby Branch,on behalf of the Local Committee, thankedMrs. ELLIS for her valuable and munificentpresent. The DEAN afterwards read anappropriate prayer, and Mrs. ELLIS brokea bottle of wine suspended from the bow,and named the boat the Robert and MaryEllis. It was then launched from itscarriage into the water. Besides the crew,there were in the boat the DEAN of TOBKand Captain NEPEAN. Various evolutionswere performed by the crew, and the boatwas finally capsized in the Foss, nearCastle Mills Bridge, but instantly righteditself, thus demonstrating its self-rightingpowers and inability to sink. The whole

of the proceedings were watched withinterest by the immense crowd of people,who cheered frequently. The boat wasafterwards replaced on its transportingcarriage, conveyed to the station, andsent on to Whitby.

WHITBUEN, DURHAM.—The Life-boat onthis Station, which had been there manyyears, was replaced, a short time since, bya new Life-boat, of the 34 feet ten-oaredclass, which was contributed to the In-stitution by "A Lady." The boat, inaccordance with her request, has beennamed the William, and Charles. Thecrew have expressed themselves as muchpleased with the new Life-boat.

NEWCASTLE, DUNDBUM BAT.—This Life-

boat Station, which was first formed bythe Institution nearly thirty years since,has been entirely renovated, a new boatand carriage having been sent there, anda handsome and commodious house havingbeen erected on a convenient site kindlygranted by the Bight Hon. the Earl ofANNESLET. The new Life-boat and equip-ment were the gift of E. ABMITAGE, Esq.,E.A., who desired that the boat might benamed the Farriley. It is 34 feet long,8 feet wide, and rows 10 oars double-banked. On the 10th October last thepublic inauguration of the new Life-boatstation took place, in the presence of alarge assemblage of spectators. The pro-ceedings commenced by the Eev. 3. H.SEYMOUR, Sector of Newcastle, and Chair-man of the Local Committee, delivering


an address, in which he commented on thegreat success that had attended the opera-tions of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITU-TION, towards which the Branch hadhappily been the means of contributingby the rescue of sixty-four lives; he saidthat the new Life-boat would receive ahearty welcome at their hands. Lieut.TIPPING, E.N., District Inspector of Life-boats, then, on behalf of the parent Insti-tution, handed over the Life-boat to thecare of the Local Committee, and the gifthaving been suitably acknowledged, thechoir of St. John's Church, Newcastle,sang a hymn, and the Bev. J. H. SEYMOURoffered up a prayer for the success of theboat,after which Lord ANNESLEY expressedthe satisfaction he had experienced inhelping forward the Life-boat work. TheCountess ANNESLEY then came forward,and said that it gave her more thanordinary pleasure to be present that day,and take part in that interesting ceremony,because she might say she had livednearly all her life by the sea, and hadseen a great deal of Life-boat work. Sherecollected that on one occasion a fishing-boat, with several men on board, got intogreat difficulties in a sudden gale. Thecrew of the Life-boat could not be had forthe moment, but it was manned partly byvolunteers, and some of the men askedher to take the helm. She did so, andthey steered out and saved the lives ofthose in the boat, which was sinking.Since then she naturally took a warminterest in the Life-boat service, and shehoped that the boat which had now beenpresented to the locality would meet withgreat success in saving life (loud cheers).Her ladyship then advanced to the side ofthe boat, and, breaking a bottle of wineagainst it, bestowed on it the name of theFarnley, after which it was drawn bywilling hands to the water's side, and thework of launching was successfully per-formed. Sail was immediately set, andthe Farnley proceeded on a trial trip acrossthe bay, the result being all that could bedesired as to speed, steadiness, and generalseaworthiness. The boat was met in thebay by the Tyrella Life-boat, and heartysalutations were exchanged between thetwo crews.

Only twelve days after this formalopening of the Life-boat Station, the boat

was instrumental in rendering the follow-ing admirable service to a shipwreckedcrew, thus auspiciously commencing herlife-saving mission.

It was about half-past 7 o'clock on themorning of the 22nd October when avessel, which afterwards proved to be theschooner Florence, of Belfast, bound tothat port from Cardiff with coal, was seento be running for Dundrum Bay, ap-parently in distress, during a strong E.S.E.gale and a heavy sea. The Farnley Life-boat at once proceeded to her assistance,and rescued the crew, consisting of fivemen. The vessel had been entirely dis-abled through loss of sails.

HARWICH.—The Life-boat which wasplaced by the Institution at this port afew years since, having been found to behardly large enough for the requirementsof this important Station, has recentlybeen replaced by one of the finest self-righting Life-boats ever built for theInstitution, the new boat,being 45 feetlong, 11 feet wide, and pulling 10 oarsdouble-banked. Like its predecessor,which was presented by Miss BURMESTER,of London, it is named the Springwell,and it has already been the means ofsaving life since it was placed on itsstation in December last.

LlTTLEHAVEN, Si. BRIDE'S BAY. TheNATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION has senta new Life-boat to Littlehaven, near Mil-ford Haven, it having been thought desir-able to- station a Life-boat there for use inSt. Bride's Bay. The boat, which is keptmoored afloat in a sheltered position underGoldtrop Head, is 33 feet long, 8 feetwide, and rows 10 oars, double-banked,and it will command the entire bay inS. and S.W. gales. The expense of thenew Life-boat has been defrayed from alegacy bequeathed to the Destitution bythe late Mr. C. J. CORKER, of Eamsgate,and it is named the Friend. It was con-veyed to Milford Haven by the GreatWestern Kail way Company, and was sailedthence to its Station by its crew, whowere well pleased with the boat's beha-viour. The District Inspector of Life-boats, Commander C. LAPRIMAUDAYE,K.N., accompanied the Life-boat fromMilford.

PALUCNG-BY-THE-SEA, NORFOLK.—A new


self-righting Life-boat has recently beenforwarded by the Institution to Palling,on the coast of Norfolk; it is 37 feet long,9 feet 'wide, and rows 12 oars, double-banked. The Life-boat is named theHeyland, having been presented to theInstitution by the friends of the lateLieutenant HEYLAND, B.N., who lost hislife in nobly saving a seaman who had

fallen overboard from H.M.S. Minotaur,during a gale of wind on the 25th Novem-ber, 1880. The new Life-boat was towedto its Station, free of charge, by one of thesteamers belonging to Messrs. Stephenson,Clarke, and Co., and the Great EasternEailway Company kindly granted a freeconveyance to the boat's transporting-carriage and stores over their line.

THE LIFE-BOAT STATIONS OP THE UNITED KINGDOM.

XLXIX. EYE.—The Mary Stanford, 34 feetby 7 feet 9 inches, 10 oars.

L. WijfOHBtSBA.—The Frances Har-ris, 33 feet by 8 feet 2 inches,10 oars.

THESE two most interesting towns welldeserye the descriptive title " ye ancientetownes," given to them in a Eoyal Charterof the llth century, and still warmlycherished by their inhabitants.

In these utilitarian days, when oldlandmarks and relics of bygone ages arerapidly disappearing from view, under theruthless hands of modern requirementsand civilization, it is really refreshing tocome upon places not only intimatelyconnected with the early history of ourcountry, but retaining to this day suchinteresting and well-preserved monumentsof it as are to be found here. We areneither antiquarians nor archseologists,but cannot help drawing in our minds avery pleasant picture of the feelings ofany one given to these interesting re-searches and branches of study on findinghimself deposited at Bye or Winchelsea.In strict justice, we ought to say Winchel-sea or Bye, the former being undoubtedlythe oldest city, although the actual sitewas changed to the present one about1287, when the town of old Winchelsea,which had existed from the days of theBomans, was destroyed by an inundation.Bye stands upon a rock, which, when thecity first came into note, was surroundedon all sides by the sea, and consequentlylaid it open to attacks by ships, althoughat the same time protecting it from at-

tacks on the land or north side. Itbecame one of the Cinque Ports in thellth century, having, together with .oldWinchelsea, been raised to that dignityby Edward the Confessor. The placesuffered so • much from attacks by theFrench and other piratical marauders,with which the Channel was then infested,that its protection by fortifications wascommenced in the reign of Stephen, whenTpres, Earl of Kent, built, at the S.E.angle of the town, the interesting oldtower that still bears his name, to answerthe double purpose of a watch-tower andfort. It was admirably placed for theformer purpose, the coast from Fairlight,on the west, to Folkestone Cliffs, on theeast, being quite open to it, whilst, fromits height and position, its view seawardextended far towards the coast of France.As a fort, before the days of artillery andgunpowder, it must have been immenselystrong, standing on the edge of a rockycliff very diificnlt of access. The mainbuilding is a quadrangle, with a roundtower at each corner, the walls of whichare about 10 feet thick, and about 40 feethigh. This tower was soon supplementedby a wall on the east side. When thesea began to recede, which it did aboutthis time, it became necessary to fortifythe land side; this was done by Ed-ward III., who completed the defences byerecting a waH, 25 feet high and 5 feetthick, from the end of the wall on theeast side, round the north and part of thewest side of the town, to the steep cliffs,which from there were considered suffi-cient protection. There were three gate-


ways in this wall, only one of which nowremains, the other two, with the moat,having disappeared. The remaining monu-ment of this wall, the land-gate, is a fineold archway, through which the LondonEoad runs, flanked on either side by around tower, about 50 feet high, all inexcellent preservation, and a landmarkany town may well be proud of.

In spite of these (then) formidablefortifications, the town appears to havebeen several times taken and sacked bythe French. It was captured by Louis,the Dauphin, of France, early in the 13thcentury, again in 1377, and again in1488. We cannot doubt these ravageswere amply revenged; indeed, it is knownthose of 1377 were, as the two townsfitted out an expedition, and attackingSt. Pierre's in the night, killed all theinhabitants not able to pay a large ransom,and pillaged every house and church, asthe French had done in Eye the previousyear. They found and recaptured largequantities of booty taken from Eye,amongst which were the bells of thechurch and the lead stripped off the roof.The present church is believed to havebeen built prior to 1377, although on thatoccasion, and again in 1488, it was allbut destroyed, and lay almost in ruins,for many years, but was restored before1538, although greatly shorn of its archi-tectural beauties. It is at present under-going a thorough restoration, at a verylarge expense.

Amongst other relics is the churchclock, said to be the oldest clock inEngland still'going. It has a remark-able pendulum, nearly 20 feet long, thatswings to and fro inside the church,and on each side of the dial, on the northside of the tower, are the figures of twoboys, who strike the quarter hours on abell. Tradition says this clock, as wellas the communion table, were capturedon board a ship of the Spanish Armada,but no confirmation of this statement isextant, and it is rather difficult to see towhat use a clock, with a 20-foot pen-dulum., could be put on board ship.

Winchelsea, Eye's elder sister, came toher prime and passed on into the sereand yellow leaf of old age long ago,we may say centuries ago. The townoriginally stood on a low flat island,about two miles from Eye, and three fromthe present site. It was a town and port

of considerable importance in Edward theConfessor's time, and reached its highestprosperity in the early years of King John,when its bay was the rendezvous for theEnglish fleets; but its happiness wasshort-lived, for on October 1st, 1250, thestorm occurred which practically gave itits death-blow, the inundation of the seadestroying about 300 houses and severalchurches. In 1276 the new site for thetown was fixed upon, as it became yearlymore clearly evident the old town mustbe abandoned, and in 1287 the greatinundation occurred that destroyed it.

The new site seems to have been re-markably well chosen, being on an unevensandstone rock, very steep on the east andnorth sides, where it was washed by thesea. The sea face was surrounded by amud wall, and the remainder of the townby a stone wall, traces of which may yetbe seen, as well as the three old gate-ways. During the reign of Edward I.this was a very important seaport; it mayalso be said to have occupied, during thewars with France, as important a positionas a naval and military depot and port ofdeparture, as Portsmouth does now. Itdid not fail to receive visits from itsFrench enemies, having been taken andpartly burnt in 1359, and again thefollowing year. It was again attackedin 1377, but for the time unsuccessfully,the French having been driven off by theAbbot of Battle, only to return three yearsafterwards, and then defeat the bravechurchman and burn the town. It wasagain, for the last time, taken and burntin 1449. Shortly after this the sea beganto recede, and the prosperity of the placeto decay. Now, at the nearest point, thesea is fully a mile and a half from it.The retirement must have been gradual,for in 1531 Henry VIII. built CamberCastle, about midway between Eye andWinchelsea, to defend this coast frominvasion. At the time it was built, itwas most probably on the sea shore, anda great protection to Eye Harbour. Itwas dismantled in the time of the Com-monwealth, and is now a desolate ruin,nearly a mile from the shore.

Although the line of sand-cliffs, at theedge of the marshes, show that at sometime they were washed by the sea, it isdifficult to realise, when standing by theYpres tower, and looking over the largeexpanse of rich pasture now lying between


that place and the sea, that 500 years agothis was all under water, and that shipssailed up to Eye over the open sea, andnot by the narrow tortuous channel whichis now available for small vessels only,and that when the tide is up. Thischannel receives the water of three smallrivers immediately under the town of Eye,and discharges them into the sea at abouttwo miles south of the town, at what isrightly named Eye Harbour, as it is theport for loading and unloading all mer-chandise now brought there.

The entrance to this harbour is narrow,and very difficult of access during strongS.W. winds, and the number of vesselswrecked in the neighbourhood is con-siderable, as are happily also the numberof lives saved by the Institution's twoLife-boats, stationed one on each side ofthe harbour, to guard that and the longstretches of shingle beach leading to it.As will be seen below, these two Life-boats have, since their first establish-ment in 1856, saved one hundred andfifty-three lives; eighty-three of whichstand to the credit of the Eye Boats, andseventy to the Winchelsea Boat. Theyare both under one committee, formingthe Eye and Winehelsea Branch, of whichJ. S. VIDLBE, Esq., is now the HonorarySecretary.

SERVICES or THE BYE LITE-BOATS.Live*saved.

1861 July 28. Ship Oithona, of London,rendered assistance.

Sept. 28. Barge Peace, of London . . 21863 Oct. 4. Brig Sir Colin Campbell, of

Whitby 61869 April 7. Barge Columbia, of Stavan-

ger, assisted to save vessel and 81871 Sept. 27. Brigantine Cyrus, of Eye . 9

Dec. 18. Barque Bobma, of N. Shields 91872 Oct. 24. Barge Urgent, of KocheBter 3

Dec. 16. Brig Orient, of Stenton, ren-dered assistance.

1874 Dec. 24. Schooner Celeste Henri, of Caen 41875 Mar. 8. Sloop Argus, of Cherbourg,

remained by vessel.1877 Jan. 11. Ketch Les deux Sceurs, as-

sisted to save vessel and . 131879 Jan. 14. Brig Allison, of Whitby . . 41881 Feb.ll. Dandy Sophia Holten, of Ply-

mouth 2Aug. 25. Brigantine Lino, of Aland . 8Dec. 16. French Chassemaree St. Anne 7

1882 June 2. Yacht Spider, assisted to savevessel and 8

Total number of lives saved . . 83

SERVICES OF THE WINOHELSEA LIFE-BOAT.Livessaved.

1862 Dec. 10. American ship James Browne 181867 Jan. 23. Barque Marie Amelie, of

Quimper, assisted to savevessel and 14

Feb. 1. Brigantine Estetto, of Preston,saved vessel.

Oct. 22. Ship Michael Loos, of Ant-werp, remained by vessel.

1869 Feb. 14. Brig Pearl, of Shoreham . 81871 Jan. 16. Brig Elizabeth and Cicely, of

Guernsey 8Dec. 18. Barque Robina, of N. Shields 8

1874 Feb. 25. Schooner Hellene, of Cranz . 41876 Jan. 21. Brig Fred Thamson,o( Dundee,

remained by vessel.1877 Dec. 22. Schooner Vier Broders, of

Groningen 41878 Jan. 28. Schooner Fearless, of Guernsey 6

Total number of lives saved . . 70

These two Life-boats have also beenlaunched on thirty-four different occasionsto vessels in distress, which, however, havenot ultimately needed their help. Thecrews of the two boats have, moreover,assembled in stormy weather forty-eighttimes at different periods in case theirservices might be required. The expensesto the Institution of these various servicesin saving life and otherwise have amountedto 8131.

SUMMARY OF THEMEETINGS OF THE COMMITTEE.

THURSDAY, 5th January, 1882.EDWAED BIBKBECK, Esq., M.P., V.P.,

in the Chair.He expressed his high appreciation of the

honour the Committee had conferred on him inelecting him Deputy-Chairman of the Institu-tion, and added that his best energies would bedevoted to promoting its interests.

Head and approved the minutes of the pre-vious meeting, and those of the Finance andCorrespondence, and Wreck and Eeward Sub-committees.

Bead the Beport of the Chief-Inspector ofLife-boats to the Institution, on his recent visitsto Swansea and Bristol, and those of the fiveDistrict Inspectors of Life-boats on their visitsto the following Stations:—

No. 1, London District—Kingsdowne, Wal-mer, Eamsgate, Broadstairs, Kingsgate, Mar-gate, Newhaven, and Hayling Island. .

No. 2, Bristol District—St. David's, Solva,Milford, Tenby, Pembrey, Swansea, PojtheawJ,Penarth, and Ferryside.

No. 3, Dublin District—Tralee, Valentia,Courtmacsherry, Dungarvan, Tramore, Dun-cannon, Wexford (two Boats), Carnsore, Cour-town. Cahore, Arklow, Wicklow, and Greystones.

No. 4, Edinburgh District — Cullercoats,Tynemouth (two Boats), Blyth (two Boats),


Hauxley, Newbiggin, Cresswell, Alnmouth,North Sunderland, Boulmer, and St. Andrew's.

No. 5, Hull District—Whitbum, Sunderland(four boats), Seaham, Saltburn, Kedcar, Middles-borough, Upgang, Whitby (two boats), Staithes,Runswick, Kobiu Hood's Bay, Scarborough, andFiley.

Reported the receipt of 1,1001. from the CivilService Life-boat Fund, through CHAKLES DIB-DIN, Esq., F.R.G.S., Hon. Secretary, being1,OOOZ. for the endowment of their No. 2 Life-boat, the Charles Dibdin, stationed at Tyne-mouth, and 1002. in aid of the support of theirother two Life-boats, stationed respectively atPort Patrick, N.B., and Wexford, Ireland.—Tobe thanked.

[The other special contributions and legaciesreceived by the Institution during the month ofDecember, are given in the Annual Report,published on the 1st May last.]

Reported that the following Legacies hadbeen bequeathed to the Institution:— £The late JOHN HINKLET, Esq., of Derby . 50The late Miss JANE TOWEB, of Edinburgh 25

(and 102. each to Edinburgh and Aberdeen. Branches).

Reported the transmission to their Stations ofthe Newhaven, Wells, and Penarth new Life-boats.

The London, Brighton, and South Coast Rail-way Company had, as usual, kindly granted afree conveyance over their line to the Newhavennew and old Boats.—To be thanked.

Paid 4,2772. 14s. 2d. for sundry charges onvarious Life-boat Establishments.

Voted 971. 17». to pay the expenses of theLife-boats at Bridlington, Douglas, Dover,Caister, Rye, Hayle, and Padstow, in renderingthe following services:—

Livessaved.

Sloop New Eagle, of Grimsby . . . 2Schooner Heine de Cceur, of Nantes. . 6Barque Chin Chin, of Jersey . . . 5Brigantine Menodora, of Hartlepool . 6French Chassemaree St. Anne . . . 7Schooner Constance, of Swansea . . 10Barque Millai, of Frame, remained by vessel.

The Life-boats at Scilly, Courtmacsherry,Cullercoats, Caister, Withernsea, and Harwich,had also rendered the following services :—

Barque Excelsior, of Hamburg, s.s. Glendevon,and brig Arica, of Whitby. rendered assistance;brigantine Fidele, of Marstrand, Sweden, as-sisted to save vessel and 6 lives; brig Athalia,of Hartlepool, remained by vessel; barge OliveBranch, of Harwich, assisted to save vessel and3 lives.

Voted also 1731. 6s. 3d. to pay the expenses ofthe Milford, Broughty Ferry, Dunbar, Rhyl No.2, Rye, Winchelsea, Walmer, Caister, Cruden,Montrose No. 1, Sunderland, Poole, Clacton,Broadstairs, and Theddlethorpe Life-boats, inassembling their crews or putting off in reply tosignals of distress, with the view of renderingassistance to vessels, which did not ultimatelyrequire their services.

The Ratnsgate and Flamborough No. 2 Life-boats had also been called out, but their serviceshad not been eventually needed.

Voted the Silver Medal of the Institution anda copy of the vote inscribed on vellum to Mr.SAMUEL CABB, Chief Officer of H.M. Coastguardat Ring's End, co. Dublin, and Honorary Secre-tary of the Poolbeg Branch of the Institution,and to Mr. DANIEL EVANS, coxswain of thePoolbeg Life-boat, in recognition of theirgeneral services in the Life-boat, and particu-larly on the occasion of the wreck of the shipGeorge S. Oulton, of St. John's, N.B., duringthe heavy gale of the 22nd October, 1881.

Also the thanks of the Institution, inscribedon vellum, to Captain JOHN STBANET, master ofthe steam tug Toiler, for towing out the Life-boat on the above-mentioned occasion.

Also the Silver Medal and a copy of the voteinscribed on vellum to Mr. JOHN STEELE, inacknowledgment of his brave and valuableservices in helping to man the Ayr Life-boat onthe occasion of the wreck of the brigantineJ. W. Harris, of Dublin, during a severe galeon the 22nd November last.

Also the thanks of the Institution, inscribedon vellum, to Captain J. BBEW, of the Isle ofMan Mail s.s. Mono, and 51. to his crew, inacknowledgment of their services in towing outthe Ramsey Life-boat with the view of assistinganother distressed steamer during a gale on the22nd November last.

Also thanks to Mr. GEOEGE BROWN, of Porta-ferry, co. Down, together with 51. to himself andfour men for putting off in a boat and, at somerisk, saving the crew of three men from theschooner Jane, of Carrickfergus, which waswrecked near Portaferry, during a strong galefrom the E.S E., on the 20th October.

Also 61. to six men for putting off in a coblefrom Boulmer, Northumberland, and rescuingthe crew of seven men from the fishing luggerUseful, of Cellardyke, which had partly sunkon Boulmer South Steel, during very roughweather on the 19th November.

Also 51.10s. to eleven men for assisting to savetwo of the crew of the wrecked barque AdmiralP. LordensJejold, of Krageroe, Norway, which waswrecked on Saunton Sands, Devon, during astrong N.W. gale, on the 20th December.

Also 52. to five men for putting off in a fishingboat, and, at some risk, saving the crew of fourmen of the schooner Fire Winner, of Christian-sand, which had been run ashore at Burntisland,during a strong gale from the E., on the 23rdOctober.

Also 51. to five men for putting off in theCoastguard boat at Leestoue, co. Down, withthe view of rendering assistance to a steamdredger belonging to Dublin, which was indistress, during a gale of wind from the S.W.and a heavy sea, on the 1st November.

Also 42. to seven men for putting off in afishing yawl from Methil, Fife, at considerablerisk, and saving one of the crew of the brigScio, of South Shields, which was wrecked nearMethil Harbour, during a fresh gale from theS.W., on the 27th November.

Also 42. to four men for saving two men froma canoe which had sunk off Portacloy, co. Mayo,during a strong gale of wind from the S.W., onthe evening of the 31st November.


THURSDAY, 2nd February.

Sir EDW. PEBKOTT, Bart., V.P., in the Chair.

Bead and approved the Minutes of the pre-vious Meeting, and those of the Finance andCorrespondence and Wreck and Reward Sub-Committees.

Bead the Beport of the Chief Inspector ofLife-boats on his recent visit to Newhaven, andthose of the five District Inspectors of Life-boatson their visits to the following Stations:—

1. Newhaven.2. Looe, Fowey, Mevagissey, Portloe, New-

qaay (Cornwall), Cadgwith, Lizard, Porthou-stoek, Falmouth, and Mullion.

3. Greencastle, Portrush, Groomsport, Bally-waiter, Newcastle, Tyrella, Black-Bock, Giles'Quay, and Drogheda (two Boats).

4. Berwick, Eyemouth, and Holy Island (twoBoats).

5. FJamborough (two Boats), Bridlington,Hornsea, Withernsea, Hunstanton, Brancaster,and Wells.

Beported the receipt of a contribution of 800?.from "A Friend," residing near Henley-on-Thames, per Colonel FrrzBoY CLAYTON, to de-fray the cost of a Life-boat for the Carnarvon-shire coast, in memory of the late Captain JOHNALEXANDER STBAOHAN, who nobly gave up hislife-belt to a poor stowaway and perished, onthe occasion of the wreck of the s.s. Cyprian,OK the south shore of Carnarvon Bay, on the14th October.

Decided that the best thanks of the Com-mittee be expressed to the Donor for liis muni-ficent gift, and that it be appropriated, with hissanction, to the new Life-boat Establishmentabout to be formed by the Institution atLlanaelhaiarn, on the Carnarvonshire coast.

Eeported the receipt of 12001. from Mrs. M. A.ELLIS, of York, for the endowment of theRobert and Mary Ellis Life-boat stationed atWhitby.

Decided that the best thanks of the Com-mittee be conveyed to Mrs. ELLIS for her addi-tional munificent contribution.

[The other special contributions and legaciesreceived by the Institution during the month ofJanuary are given in the Annual .Beport, pub-lished on the 1st May last:]

Reported that the following legacies had beenbequeathed to the Institution:—

£. s. d.The late G. M. GBAY, Esq., of

Wanganni, New Zealand, for aLife-boat for the Scotch coast 500 0 0

The late Mr. EDWAKD KILLINGTON,of Yarmouth 100 0 0

Paid 1407Z. 14s. 8d. for sundry charges onvarious Life-boat Establishments.

Voted 191. 10s. to pay the expenses of theWinterton No. 2 Life-boat in saving six of thecrew of the wrecked brig Louisa, of Stettin.

The Life-boat stationed at Cresswell, North-umberland, had saved the brig Swift, of Kra-geroe, Norway, and her crew of eight men.

[Accounts of these services will be found onpage 628.]

Voted 82Z. 9s. Gd. to pay the expenses of theBallftutrae, Harwich, Clacton, Palling No. 2,Castletown, Montrose No. 1, North Berwick,and Bye Life-boats in putting off to the aid ofvessels which did not ultimately need theirassistance.

The Bamsgate Life-boat had also been takenout, but her services had not been called intorequisition.

Voted the Silver Medal of the Institution and acopy of the vote, inscribed on vellum, to MajorHENBY SCOTT, Chairman of the Dover Branch,in recognition of his gallant and prompt servicesin volunteering to take an oar in the Dover Life-boat, and afterwards assisting to rescue five of thecrew of the barque Chin Chin, of Jersey, whichwas wrecked off the South Foreland during aS.W. wind and a heavy sea on the 9th December.

Also the Second Service Clasp to Mr. BOBEBTWILDS, coxswain of the Deal Life-boat, in recog-nition of his continued brave services in theboat. The Silver Medal was awarded to him in1877, and since then he had assisted in the Life-boat to save one hundred and ten lives fromvarious shipwrecks.

Also the Silver Medal of the Institution, acopy of the vote inscribed on vellum, and 11.each to Mr. WILLIAM NOBSWOBTHY, chief officerof H.M. Coastguard at Carnarvon, and to policeconstable HBNBY EVANS, of Carnarvon, forputting off in an open boat, and, at great risk,saving five of the crew of the brigantine Fritzvon Gadow, of Barth, Germany, which had cap-sized off Carnarvon during a whole gale fromthe W.S.W. on the 28th November.

Also 11. to the owner of the boat nsed on thisoccasion in consideration of injury which it hadsustained.

Also the Silver Medal and a copy of the voteinscribed on vellum to Mr. PETER MUBOOCK, ofGlendrishaig, Ayrshire, and 31. to three of hismen, for saving, at considerable risk of life, bymeans of ropes, two of the crew of the schoonerCircassian, of Dundalk, which was totally .wrecked at Glendrishaig during a N.W. gale onthe 21st December.

Also 81. to eight men for putting off in aboat, at some risk of life, and saving the crewof two men of the schooner Scotia, of Carnarvon,which had stranded in Port Erin Bay, Isle ofMan, during a strong W. gale and a heavy seaon the 6th January.

Also 51. to three men for putting off in a boatand, at some risk, saving the crew of five men ofthe smack Espeigle, of St. Malo, which hadstranded at Breen Down, Burnham Bay, during •a fresh gale from the N.W. on the 18thDecember.

Also thanks to Mr. CHAPMAN, farmer, of BreenDown, who rendered good service on the last-named occasion in lending horses to transportthe boat, and who afterwards took the rescuedmen into his house, gave them refreshment, anddried their clothes.

Also 51. to the chief boatman and five Coast-guard men for putting off in a boat from Dym-church, Kent, Coastguard Station, and savingthe crew of four men of the sloop TTieodor, ofCopenhagen, on the 3rd January. The ship-wrecked men had taken to their boat and weredrifting out to sea.


Also 51. to the crew of a yawl belonging toMundesley, Norfolk, for putting off on the 10thJanuary, and taking off from the Hasboroughlightship the crew of six men of the wreckedhrig Princess, of Whitby, and afterwards landingthem at Great Yarmouth.

Also II. 10s. to three men for putting off in aboat from Sennen Cove, Cornwall, and bringingsafely to land a boat containing the crew olfourteen men of the Austrian barque Mdlaleel,which had been totally wrecked on the Shark'sFin, near Longships, Cornwall, on the night olthe 8th December.

Also 51. in aid of a local subscription for therelief of the families of three members of theSaltburn Life-boat crew who had been drownedwhile out fishing on the 12th January.

THURSDAY, 2nd March.

THOMAS CHAPMAN, Esq., F.R.S., V.P., Chairmanof the Institution, in the Chair.

Read and approved the Minutes of the pre-vious Meeting, and those of the Finance andCorrespondence and Wreck and Reward Sub-committees.

Read the Report of the Chief Inspector on hisrecent visit to Poole, and those of four of theDistrict Inspectors of Life-boats on their visitsto the following Stations:—. 1. Yealm River, Plymouth, Hope Cove, Sal-combe, Torquay, Brixharn, Dartmouth, Teign-mouth, Exmouth, Sidmouth, and Lyme Regis.

2. Penzance, Sennen Cove, Scilly, Porthleven,St. Ives, Hayle, Rhyl (two Boats), and Llan-dudno.

3. Howth, Balbriggan, Skerries, Rogerstown,Poolbeg, Kingstown, New Brighton (two Boats),and Southport.

5. Manchester, Blakeney, Sheringham, Cromer,Mundesley, Bacton, Grimsby, Hasborough, Pal-ling (two Boats), Winterton (two Boats), Gorles-ton, Caister (two Boats), Yarmouth (two Boats),Lowestoft, Pakefield (two Boats), Kessingland(two Boats), Southwold (two Boats), and Dun-wich.

[The Special Contributions and Legacies re-ceived by the Institution during the monthof February are given in the Annual Report,published on the 1st May last.]

Reported that the following Legacies had beenbequeathed t>> the Institution:—

£. s. d.The late OSGOOD TORKINGTON, Esq.,

of Clapham 1000 0 0The late WM. SLOCOMBE, Esq., of

Holloway 900 0 0The late HORACE WATSON, Esq., of

Wimbledon (duty free) . . . 200 0 0The late Mrs. J. A. BAKER, of

Birmingham (duty free) . . 200 0 0The late Miss E. W. DANIEL, of

Weston-super-Mare . . . . 100 0 0

Elected Commander GEORGES C. C. CARTER,R.N., Inspector of Life-boats to the vacantScotch District of the Institution.

Paid 1118Z. 10s. Id. for sundry charges onvarious Lile-boat Establishments.

Voted 101. Is. to pay the expenses of theDunbar Life-boat in rescuing the crew of threemen of the lighter Sophia, of Hull.

The Ayr, Fleetwood, and Port Logan Life-boats had performed the following services:—brigantine Maggie Wood, of Belfast, renderedassistance; barque Venus, of Helsingborg,brought ashore twelve persons and renderedother assistance; galliot Crateforfh, of Whithorn,remained by vessel.

[Details of these services are given on pages628-9/J

Voted 90Z. 16s. to pay the expenses of theCullercoats, Ardmore, Queenstown, Dunbar,Maryport, Mevagissey, Padstow, Newhaven,Theddlethorpe, and Aldborough Life-boats inassembling their crews or putting off in reply tosignals of distress exhibited by vessels whichdid not ultimately require the services of theLite-boats.

Voted 101. to five men for putting off in aboat at great risk and rescuing eight menwhose boat had been driven away from Is-land Crone, Co. Donegal, by a sudden gale ofwind from the S.W., on the 2nd January,leaving them on the island—which is unin-habitable—where they had to remain withoutany shelter during the night, until rescuedat about 10 o'clock on the following morning.

THURSDAY, 23rd March.The Annual General Meeting of the friends

and supporters of the ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION took place this day at theMansion House, The Rt. Hon. The LOUDMAYOR OP LONDON in the Chair. The Chair-man opened the meeting with some suitableobservations on the great and national characterof the operations of the Institution, and ex-pressed his satisfaction to observe that theinterest of the public in its success remainedunabated.

The Secretary read the Annual Report, whichwill be found in the May number of the Life-boat Journal.

The meeting was then addressed by THOMASCHAPMAN, Esq., F.RS., V.P.; Sir BDWABDPERROTT, Bart., V.P.; EDWARD BIRKBECK, Esq.,M.P., V.P.; Colonel BABNE, M.P.; GEORGEPALMER, Junr., Esq.; ION T. HAMILTON, Esq.,M.P.; The LOKD MAYOB ; Capt. the Hon.FBANCIS MAUDE, R.N. ; Admiral AUGUSTUSPHILLIMORE ; Colonel FITZROY CLAYTON ; Gene-ral BURNABY, M.P., and other gentlemen.

Various resolutions were moved, seconded,and carried unanimously, pledging the meetingLO renewed exertions on behalf of the benevo-lent and national objects of the Institution.

The resolutions will be found in the Maynumber of the Life-boat Journal.

THURSDAY, 6th April :The Chairman of the Institution in the Chair.

Bead and approved the Minutes of the pre-vious Meeting, and those of the Finance andDorrespondeuce, and Wreck and Reward Sub-Committees.


Elected the members of the Sub-Committees,Sir EDWABD PEBBOTT, Bart., V.P., Chairman,for the ensuing year.

Bead the Report of the Chief Inspector onhis recent visit to Penartb, Llanaelhaiam,Bard aey Island ami Portmadoc, and those ofthe five District Inspectors on their visits to thefollowing Stations:—

1. Weymouth, Kimeridge, Swanage, Poole,Brighstone Grange, Brooke, and Bembridge.

2. Porthdinllaen, Abersoch, Portmadoc, Bar-mouth, Aberdovey, Aberystwith, Pembrey, andFerryside.

3. Lytham, St. Anne's, Blackpool, Fleet-wood, Piel, Whitehaven. Seascale, Maryport,Silloth, Castletown (two Boats), and Eamsey.

4. Tynemouth (two Boats), Cullercoats, Cress-well, Hauxley, Blyth (two Boats), and New-biggm.

5. Thorpeness, Aldborough, Harwich, Clacton-on-Sea, Skegness, Chapel, Donna Nook, Sutton,Theddlethorpe, Seaham, Whitburn, Sunderland(four Boats), Seaton Carew, Hartlepool (threeBoats), and West Hartlepool (two Boats).

Reported the receipt of 1,065Z. from GEORGEMIDDLEWOOD, Esq., of Ruffia-th Hall, per Dr.DCSHILL, Hon. Sec. of the York Branch of theInstitution, to provide a Life-boat in memoryof his late son, who was lost at sea, to be namedthe Matthew Middlewood.

Decided that the best thanks of the Com-mittee be given to Mr. MIDDIEWOOD for hismunificent gift, and that it be appropriated tothe Flamborough No. 2 Life-boat.

[The other Special Contributions and Lega-cies received by the Institution during themonth of March are given in the Annual Re-port, published on the 1st May last.

Reported that the following Legacies hadbeen bequeathed to the Institution :—

£. *. d.The late CHBISTOPHEB RUSSELL

BBOWN, Esq., of Mile End . . 1000 0 0The late JAMES MUEPBY, Esq., of

Newry 900 0 0The late JOHN HARTMLL, Esq., of

BlomfieldGate 100 0 0The late J. C. COWLET, Esq., of

Kilsby 10 0 0

The Committee expressed their deep regret atthe death of Lord ROBABTES, who was a Vice-President of the Institution, and one of itsoldest and most liberal supporters.

Decided that tlie present Life-boat at Win-chelsea, Sussex, be replaced by a new one, andthat it be appropriated to the legacy bequeathedto the Institution by the late Mrs. HABBIS, ofStreathain.

Ordered that various works be carried out atthe Margate, Peumon, and Bamborough Life-boat Stations, at an expense of 5852.

Paid 4.741Z. 18s. 6d. for sundry charges onvarious Life-boat establishments.

Voted 123Z. 8s. to pay the expenses of theLydd, Whithorn, Tynemouth No. 2, Clovelly,Port Isaac, Appledore No. 2, Thurso, Cemlyn,Fisttguard No. 2, Portbcawl, Howth, Blyth No.1, and Palling No. I, Life-boats, in renderingthe following services:—

Livessaved.

Brigantine Concordia, of Guernsey . . . 6S.S. Ktttiwake, of Carlisle 7S.S. Robert Watson Boyd, of North Shields 14Ketch Blue Bell, of Padstow . . . . 3Schooner British Queen, of Wexford . . 4Smack Mary Stevens, of Padstow . . . 4Schooner Volant, of Wick 4Schooner Queen, of Inverness . . . . 4Flat Three Brothers, of Chester . . . . 2Dandy Thomas & Sons, of Aberystwyth . 3Smack Martha Jane, of Aberystwyth . . 3Schooner Glanmanai, of Iteaiiznaris . . 3Schooner Perseverance, of Belfast . . ' 6S.S. Liban, of Nantes 8Lugger Emerald Isle, of H o w t b . . . . 2Brig Elizabeth, of Arklow 5Galliot Ebenezer, of Stayanger . . . . 5Brig Danmark. of Dragor . . . . . 1 0

The Pakefibld No. 1, Caister, Winterton No.2, Kessingland No. 2, Ramsey, and RamsgateLifeboats, had rendered the following services :—Smack Alert, of Lowestoft, saved vessel andsix lives; barque Canmore, of Dundee, assistedto save vessel and seventeen lives; s.s. Napier,of Shields, remained by vessel; schooner,J. W. T., of Truro, rendered assistance; schoonerCountess of Caithness, of Gloucester, savedvessel and four lives; and barque Europe, ofBordeaux, six lives saved.

[Accounts of most of these Life-boat serviceswill be found on pages 629-632.]

Voted 971. 10s. 6d. to pay the expenses of theHarwich, Berwick-on-Tweed, Winterton No. 2,Braunton, Lytham, Cardigan, Hastings. South-wold No. 1, Margate, Kingsgate, Seaton Carew,and Ilfracombe Life-boats, in assembling their,crews or going out to the aid of vessels notultimately needing their assistance.

The New Quay, Cornwall, Life-boat had alsobeen taken afloat, but her services were notcalled into requisition.

Voted the Silver Medal of the Institution,and a copy of the vote, to Mr. RICHABD HEADON,Coxswain of the Clovelly Life-boat, who hadbeen out in the Life-boat on all occasions whenshe had been afloat on service, and had assistedto save thirty-four lives, during the past twelveyears.

Also 10Z. in aid of the family of EDWABDGTJLLEY, late Coxswain of the Courtown Life-boat, who had died suddenly, leaving a widowand a family of young children. He had beenconnected with the Life-boat as first and secondcoxswain for fifteen years, and during thatperiod he had assisted in the boat to save manylives.

Also 101. in aid of the widows and families oftwo men—members of the crew of the HopeCove Life-boat—who had been drowned by thecapsizing of their fishing-boat on the 17thFebruary.

Also 20Z. to the crew of the Life-boat Refuge,of Gorleston, Suffolk, for saving, at very greatrisk, one man from the s.s. Livadia, of Shields,which had been totally wrecked on the CrossSand during a strong E. gale and thick weatheron the 1st of March.

Also 31. to three men for putting off in a boat

AUGUST 1, 1882.] THE LITE-BOAT. 649

from Whitton, Lincolnshire, and at great risksaving the crew of two men from the rigging ofthe keel Henry, of Doncaster, which had sunkon Whitton Sand, in the river Humher, duringa fresh gale from the W.N.W., on the 18thFebruary.

Also SI. to six men for putting off in a boat atconsiderable risk, and endeavouring to save thecrew of six men of a fishing-lugger of NorthYell, which was seen to capsize near that placeduring a severe gale from the N.N.W. on the21st July. The men, however, were unfortu-nately drowned before help could reach them.

THURSDAY, 4th May.

The Chairman of the Institution in the Chair.

Bead and approved the Minutes of the pre-vious meeting, and those of the Finance andCorrespondence, and Wreck and Reward Sub-committees.

Bead the Reports of three of the DistrictInspectors of Life-boats to the Institution ontheir visits to tho following Stations:—

2. Tenby, llfracombe, Morte Bay, Clovelly,Bude, Port Isaac, Pudstow, Appledore (twoBoats), Braunton, and Lynmouth.

4. Alnmouih, Boulmer, North Sunderland,Holy Island (two Boats), Berwick, Eyemouth,Dunbar, North Berwick, Ardrossan, Kildonan,and Irvine.

5. Middlesborough, Redcar, Saltburn, Buns-wick, Staithes, Upgang, Whitby (two Boats),Robin Hood's Bay, Scarborough, Filey, andFlamborough (two Boats).

Reported the receipt of 1,0001. from Mrs.J. H. ELLIOTT, of Leytonstone, to defray thecost of a Life-boat Station; the boat to benamed the J. H. Elliott.

Decided that the best thanks of the Com-mittee be given to the donor, and that hermunificent contribution be appropriated to theMundesley (Norfolk) new Life-boat.

Reported the receipt of 1.200Z. from thereaders of The Boy's Own Paper, through theEditor, G. A. HUTCHISON, Esq., to defray thecost of two Lifeboats, to be named respectivelythe Boy's Own, No. I & No. 2.

Decided that the thanks of the Institution begiven to the .donors for their generous contribu-tion, and to Mr. HUTCHISON and his coadjutorsfor their valuable co-operation.

Also that the gift be appropriated to thenew Life-boats at Looe, Cornwall, and Poole,Dorset.

Also the receipt of the following other specialcontributions since the last Meeting:—

£. $. d.Society for the Discharge and Re-

lief of Persons imprisoned forSmall Debts, additional . . . 100 0 0

Profits from Penny Readings atShepperton, per Bev. W. F. J.HANBUBT 4 3 0

Proceeds of Recitals at All Souls'Schools, Hampstead, on 16thJanuary, per F. E. A. CAVELL,Esq 2 0 0

—To be severally thanked.

Reported that the following legacies had beenbequeathed to the Institution:—

£. t. d.The late Miss MABIA JONES, of

Waterloo, Lancaster, for a Life-boat, to be called A Daughter"!Offering 1000 0 0

The late Mrs. A. G. STAMP, of Hull 50 0 0

The Committee expressed their deep regretat the death of Colonel TALBOT CLIFTON, whohad long been a Vice-President of the Institu-tion, and a liberal supporter of its funds.

Approved of the appointments of new Honor-ary Secretaries to the several Branches namedhereafter, and decided that the thanks of theInstitution be presented to the gentlemen whowere retiring from Office, as follows, in ac-knowledgment of their long and valuable co-operation :—

Captain D. BOBBOWDALB, Whitehaven.HENBT BUBBA, Esq., Rye.L. T. COBBOLD, Esq., Harwich.W. EVEBINQTON, Esq., Skegness.JOHN MATHEWS, Esq., Penzance.Bev. T. McCLELLAN, Greencastle.Rev. A. O. MEDD, Hauxley.Mr. W. NICOL, Appledore.C. RITSON, Esq., Burnham.T. JONES STEVENS, Esq. (Hon. Treasurer),

Plymouth.Bev. B. TYACKE, Padstow.

Ordered that various works be carried out atthe Poole, Hartlepool, Silloth, Irvine, Pake-field, and Withernsea Life-boat Stations, at anexpense of 604Z.

Paid 1,1702. Is. 6d. for sundry charges onvarious Life-boat Establishments.

EDWABD BIBEBECK, Esq., M.P., Deputy-Chair-man, suggested that the Institution might offerto provide owners or masters of decked fishingvessels with Aneroid Barometers at half-cost.

Two sample Aneroids were produced at theMeeting, made respectively by Messrs. Negrettiand Zambra and Messrs. Dollond & Co.

Decided that fifty Aneroids be ordered of eachmaker, and that each instrument be offered tobond-fide owners or masters of decked fishingvessels, at a great reduction on the cost of it tothe Institution.

Voted 751. 16s. 6d. to pay the expenses of theSouthwold No. 1, Hauxley, Arbroath, Harwich,Hayle, Carmarthen Bay, and Clacton Life-boatsin rendering the following services:—

LivesSaved.

Pilot punt Ben and Louisa, of Southwold 3Fishing lugger Belle, of Blyth. 6Brigantine Expedit, of Porsgrund 6Schooner Henrietta, of London. 4S.S. Drumhendry, of Glasgow . 2Yacht Formosa, of Carmarthen 5Sloop Nordstiernen, of Hangesund 2

The Caister No. 1 Life-boat rendered assist-ance to the stranded B.B. Consett, of Sunderland.

Voted 73Z. 4«. to pay the expenses of theLowestoft No. 1, Broadstairs, Chapel, Montrose


No. 1, Tynemouth, Thorpe, Swanage, andPadstow Life-boats in assembling their crews orputting off to the aid of vessels which did noteventually need their assistance.

The Kamsgate and Winterton No. 2 Life-boats had also been taken out, but their serviceshad not been required.

Voted the thanks of the Institution to Mr.EOBEET THOMAS DUNSBATH, of Belfast, and II.to two boys for putting off in a small boat fromHolywood, co. Down, and rescuing two men anda boy from a boat which had been struck by aheavy sea, and had capsized during a gale ofwind from the W.S.W. on the 19th March.

Also 21. to a boafs crew for saving four menfrom a fishing-boat, of Annagassan, co. Louth,which had been struck by a squall and hadcapsized in Dundalk Bay on the 9th March.

Also 21. to four men belonging to Deal forsaving the crew of five men of the fishing-boatAlice, of Dover, which had been swamped by aheavy sea and was in a sinking condition duringa sudden gale from the N.N.W. on the 25thMarch.

Also 1Z. to two fishermen of Arbroath forputting off in a boat and rescuing a man from asmall fishing trawler which had gone on therocks at the harbour bar, Arbroath, and wasbreaking up, during a fresh S.E. breeze and astrong swell on the 18th April.

THE LIFE-BOAT.

BEEN out in the Life-boat often ? Ay, ay, sir,oft enough.

When it's rougher than this? Lor" bless you!this ain't what we calls rough;

It's when there's a gale a-blowin', and thewaves run in and break

On the shore with a roar like thunder and thewhite cliffs seem to shake ;

When the sea is a hell of waters, and the bravestholds his breath

As he hears the cry for the Life-boat—hissummons may be to death—

That's when we call it rough, sir; but, if wecan get her afloat,

There's always enough brave fellows ready toman the boat.

You've heard of the Boyal Helen, the ship aswas wrecked last year;

Yon be the rock she struck on—the boat aswent oat be here;

The night as she struck was reckoned the worstas ever we had,

And this is a coast in winter where the weatherbe awful bad:

The beach here was strewed with wreckage,and to tell you the truth, sir, then

Was the only time as ever we'd a bother to getthe men.

The single chaps Tsas willin', and six on 'emvolunteered,

But most on us here is married, and the wivesthat night was skeered.

Our women ain't chicken-hearted when it comesto savin' lives,

But death that Digit looted certain—and ourwives be only wives;

Their lot ain't bright at the best, sir; but here,ifljhen the man lies dead,

"Tain't only a husband missin', its the children'sdaily bread;

So our women began to whimper and beg o' thechaps to stay—

I only heerd on it after, for that night I waskept away.

I was up at my cottage, yonder, where the wifelay nigh her end,

She'd been ailin' all the winter, and nothin' 'udmake her mend.

The doctor had given her up, sir, and I kneltby her side and prayed,

With my eyes as red as a babby's, that Death'shand might yet be stayed.

I heerd the wild wind howlin', and I looted onthe wasted form,

And thought of the awful shipwreck aa hadcome in the ragin' storm;

The wreck of my little homestead—the wreckof my dear old wife, f

Who'd sail'd with me forty years, sir, o'er thetroublous waves of life,

And I looked at the eyes so sunken, as hadbeen my harbour lights,

To tell of the sweet home haven in the wildest,darkest nights.

She knew she was sinkin' quickly—she knewas her end was nigh,

But she never spoke o' the troubles as I knewon her heart must lie,

For we'd had one great big sorrow with Jack,our only son—

He'd got into trouble in London, as lots o' thelads ha' done;

Then he'd bolted, his masters told us—he wasalias what folks call wild.

From the day as I told his mother, her dearface never smiled.

We heerd no more about him, we never knewwhere he went,

And his mother pined and sickened for themessage he never sent.

I had my work to think of; but she had hergrief to nurse,

So it eat away at her heartstrings, and herhealth grew worse and worse.

And the night as the Boyal Helen went downon yonder sands,

I sat and watched her dyin', holdin" her wastedhands.

She moved in her doze a little, then her eyeswere opened wide,

And she seemed to be seekin' somethin', as shelooked from side to side;

Then half to herself she whispered, " Where'sJack, to say good-bye ?

It's hard not to see my darlin', and kiss himafore I die! "

I was stoopin* to kiss and soothe her, while thetears ran down my cheek,

And my lips were shaped to whisper the wordsI couldn't speak,


When the door of the room burst open, and mymates were there outside

With the news that the boat was launehin"." You're wanted!" their leader cried.

" You've never refused to go, John; you'll putthese cowards right.

There's a dozen of lives, maybe, John, as lie inour hands to-night! "

'Twas old Ben Brown, the captain; he'd laugheda*t the women's doubt.

We'd always been first on the beach, sir, whenthe boat was goin* out.

I didn't move, but I pointed to the white faceon the bed—

" I can't go, mate," I murmured; "in an hourshe may be dead.

I cannot go and leave her to die in the nightalone." .

As I spoke Ben raised his lantern, and the lighton my wife was thrown ;

And I saw her eyes fixed strangely with apleading look on me,

While a trembliu' fiuger pointed through thedoor to the ragin' sea.

Then she beckoned me near, and whispered," Go, and God's will be done!

For every lad on that ship, John, is some poormother's son."

Her head was full of the boy, sir—she wasthinking, maybe, gome day

For lack of a hand to help him his life mightbe cast away.

" Go, John, and the Lord watch o'er you! andspare me to see the light,

And bring you safe," she whispered, " out ofthe storm to-night."

Then I turned and kissed her softly, and triedto hide my tears,

And my mates outside, when they saw me, setup three hearty cheers;

But I rubbed my eyes wi' my knuckles, andturned to old Ben and said,

" 111 see her again, maybe, lad, when the seagives up its dead."

We launched the boat in the tempest, thoughdeath was the goal in view,

And never a one but doubted if the craft couldlive it through;

But our boat she stood it bravely, and, wearyand wet and weak,

We drew in hail of the vessel we had dared somuch to seek.

But just as we come upon her she gave a fearfulroll,

And went down in the seethin' whirlpool withevery livin' soul!

We rowed for the spot, and shouted, for allaround was dark—

But only the wild wind answered the cries fromour plungin' bark.

I was strainin' my eyes and watehiti', when Ithought I heard a cry,

And 1 saw past our bows a somethin' on thecrest of a wave dashed by;

I stretched out my hand to seize it. I draggedit aboard, and then

I stumbled, and struck my forrud, and fell likea log on Ben.

many a

I remember a hum of voices, and then I knpwedno more

Till 1 came to my senses here, sir—here, in myhome ashore.

My forrud was tightly bandaged, and I lay onmy little bed—

I'd slipped, so they told me arter, and a row-lock had struck my head.

Then my mates came in and whispered; they'dheard I was comin' round.

At first I could scarcely hear'em, it seemed likea buzzin' sound;

But as soon as my head got clearer, and accus-tomed to hear 'em speak,

I knew as I'd lain like that, sir, forlong, long week.

I guessed what the lads was hidin', for theirpoor old shipmate's sake.

I could see by their puzzled faces they'd gotsome news to break;

So I lifts my head from the pillow, and I saysto old Ben, " Look here—

I'm able to bear it now, lad—tell me, and neverfear."

Not one on 'em ever answered, but presentlyBen goes out.

And the others slinks away like, and I says,"What's this about?

Why can't they tell me plainly as the poor oldwife is dead ? "

Then I fell again on the pillows, and I hid myachin' head;

I lay like that for a minute, till I heard a voicecry " John,"

And I thought it must be a vision as my weakeyes gazed upon;

For there by the bedside standin', up and wellwas my wife,

And who do ye think was with her? Why,Jack, as large as life!

It was him as I'd saved from drownin' the nightas the Life-boat went

To the wreck of the Boyal Helen; 'twas that asthe vision meant.

They'd brought us ashore together, he'd kneltby his mother's bed,

And the sudden joy had raised her like amiracle from the dead;

And mother and son together had nursed meback to life,

And my old eyes woke from darkness to lookon my son and wife.

Jack? He's our right hand now, sir; 'twasProvidence pulled him through—

He's allus the first aboard her when the Life-boat wants a crew.

DAQONET, in the Referee.

NOTICE.

The next number of the Life-boat Journalwill be published on the 1st November, 1882.

ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION,SCITOBTED SOLELY BT VOLUNTABT CONTRIBUTIONS.

^attnnesa—%er Ptost <5rarioua fHajestg tjj* ©ueen.Services of the Life-boats of the Institution in 1881.

LivesSaved

Agnes, schooner, of Llanelly .... 6Albion, schooner, of Southampton 4Aldebaran, schooner, of Lawvig

—assisted to save vessel and .. 5Alecto, barque, of Malta—re-

mained by vessel.Angostura, barque, of Hamburg

—saved vessel and 17^nn»sJft»rie,8chooner,ofKrageroa 3AttUa, ship, of Newcastle—ren-

dered assistance.August, barque, of Sundswall,

Sweden, assisted to save vessel 416August, brig, of Barth 7Aurora, sloop, of Boston 3BaiZyu>aJfer,fi«hingboat 2Baron van Pattandt, barque.,.. 11Hell, boat. Bally waiter, saved boat.Bertha, brigantine, of Rye 6Berwick-on-Tweed fishing boats,

saved two boats and 9Bestie Whinery, brigantine, of

Maryport—saved vessel and... 6Black cat, fishing smack—saved

vessel and 2Blue Jacket, schooner, of Beau-

maris, saved vessel and 3Bransty, brig., of Whitehaven... 4Brazilian, s.s., of Barrow—ren-

dered assistance.Breton, schooner, of Fowey 5Bristol Packet, ketch, of Newport,

Mon.—remained by vessel.Brixoam pilot gig—remained

alongside.Broomkill, s.s., of Dundee 19Brothers, ketch, Tenby 4Butcher, barge, of Rochester 2Caducfus, barque, of North Shields 10Cambria, schooner, of Thnrso... 2CaftUmaine, ship, of Liverpool.. 25Catherine, smack, of Kamsgate.. 5Cavalier, schooner, of Lossiemouth 5Chin Chin, barque, of Jersey.... 6Claremont, steamer, of Newcastle 6

I Constance, schooner, ol Swansea . 10Crnden fishing boats—rendered

assistance.Cnllercoats fishing coble—ren-

dered assistance.Danube, brigantine, of Guernsey

—remained by vessel.Darragh Beg, s.r, of Douglas, I.M. 3Dayspring, brig., of Liverpool... 1Dorothy it Mary, schooner, of

Newcastle, saved vessel and... 4Eliza. Emma, brig, of Shoreham. 6Ullen, smack, Orme's Head—saved

vessel.Ellen fair, schooner, assisted to

save vessel.Equestrian, schooner, of Banff... 4Equity, schooner, of Boston—as-

sisted to save vessel and 7Eulala., schooner, of Dumfries... 4Ewart, schooner, of Aland, Fin-

land—rendered assistance.fxcdttar, barque, of Lanrvlg... 13Excelsior, German barque—re-

mained by vessel.Favorite, schooner, of Quimper .. 4Febo, barque, of Genoa—assisted

to save vessel and 14Fiiele, brig, of Marstrand, assisted

to save vessel and 6Pishguari Latt, of Abersoch.... 8flora, brigantine, of Swansea... 5fibrence, schooner, of Belfast... 5

Lives

Frances Marie, sen. of Nantes ... 5Fraserburgh fishing beats—ren-

dered assistance.Ganges, ship, of London 32George ana Mary, schooner, of

Barrow 5George H. Oultm, ship, of St.

John's, N.B 27Georgina, brig., of Portmadoc ... 5Germania, s.s., of Middlesborough

—assisted to save vessel & crew 17Gertrude, barque, of Liverpool .. 13Gervase, s.s., of London—assisted

to save vessel and 19Gleaner, schooner, of Garston ... 3l.lenmlliam, B.S., of Barrow—re-

mained by vessel.Golden Island, sen., of Belfast... 4Grasshopper, schooner, of South-

ampton eGustava, barque, of Laurvig 11Gyda, brig, of Swendsall 4Harmonie, schooner, otMandel.. 6Hasselo, brigantine, of Haguesnnd 8Holy Island fishing cobles—ren-

dered assistance.Howth, pleasure boat—saved boat

and 4Indian Chief, ship, of Liverpool . 12Ingerid, Dutch s.s 7Innitftail, brig, of Dublin—as-

sisted to save vessel and 8Irit, barque, of Gene laIron Grown, barque, of Liverpool 18James Innes, smack, of St. Mon-

ance, Fife 6J, M. Harris, brigantine, of Dublin 3John Green, schooner, of Drogheda 6John Wesley, brigantine, of Seaham 5juiie i'asche, brigantine—assisted

to save vessel.Jupiter, barque, of Liverpool.... 18Kyanite, schooner, of Guernsey—

assisted to save vessel and..... 7Laura, barque, of Grimstadt.... 14I.aura tell, s.s., of London, as-

sisted to save vessel and ...... 7Lebu, barque, of Liverpool 9Una, brigantine, of Aland 8Lion, ketch, of Exeter 1Lively, fishing coble, of Redcar .. 2Lizzie, ketch, of Bridgwater 4Lizzie, schooner, of Fowey—rea-

dered assistance.Lorn, barque, of Hudiksval 10Louise, sen., of Frederickstadt... 5Ludworth, S.S., of London 8MacDuff, ship, of Glasgow—ren-

dered assistance.Madeleine, lugger, of Boulogne .. 16Magdalen, boat, of Montrose..... 6Hanne de del, French ketch .... 4Margaret, barque, of Belfast .... 15Maria, barge, of Rochester 2Maria, brig, of Hartlepool 6Karmara, barque, of Copenhagen 8Mary, barquentine, of Gothenburg 1Mary ooolc, of Campbeltown .... 2Alary Stuart, barque—rendered

assistance.Matilda., brig, of Gothenberg—

rendered assistance.Matilda. Hilyard, barque, of

Greenock—rendered assistance.Atcnodora, brigantine, of Hartle-

pool 6Milka, barque, of Flume, re-

mained by vessel.

LiraSated

Minnie doles, sch., of Southamp-ton—assisted to save vessel and 5

Mischief, schooner, of Rye 4Miss Beck, schooner, of Garuarvpn 5.\eath Trader, smack, of Newport 3fieilly, barquentine, of Biidgwater

—saved vessel and aNew Eagle, sloop, ot Grimsby ... 2Niels, Swedish schooner 5Norma, s.s., of Bergen 11JVorman, s.s., of London 11North Wales, barque, of London. 21Xart/iumberland, s.s., of New-

castle 4Ocean, schooner, of Goole, assisted

to save vessel and 4Ocean Monarch, brig, of Guernsey 9Olive Branch, barge, of Harwich,

assisted to save vessel and .... 3Oscar, schooner, of Leitb 7Pampero, barque, of Swansea —

assisted to save vessel and 14Peace, dandy, of Lowestoft—

saved vessel and 6Quern of fhe-Csk, brigantine, of

Whitehaven 5Ranee, B.s.,ot Bristol........... 6Red Wharf, fishing boat of 3ReincdeCocwr, schooner,of Nantes 6Retriever, s.s., of Montrose—ren-

dered assistance..Rosa Josephs, sch., of St. Vaast.. 6Rosita, Spanish schooner 11Ruby, sloop, of Goole—assisted to

save vessel and 2Runswick and Staithes fishing

cobles—rendered assistance.St. Anne, lugger, of Mantes 7Sans Georf, barque, of Rostock-

assisted to save crew 12Scud, smack, of Yarmouth 9Shamrock, dandy, of Hall BShannon, schooner, of Liverpool-

rendered assistance.Skald, brigantine, of Christiansund

—rendered assistance.Sophia Holten, dandy, of Plymouth 2Star of Peace, of Montrose—as-

sisted to save vessel and 6Stratheden, barque, of Dundee.. .12lH/-y:/'a»,8crewfiat, of Liverpool 4Teignmouth fishing boats—saved

two boats and 2Thomas, ketch, of Lynn 3KIM, ketch, of Goole 4Trafalgar, B.S., of London 23Triton, dandy, of Yarmouth—as-

sisted to save vessel and , 6Two Brothers, ketch, of Bridg-

water 3Udea, S.B., of Llanelly 10Visitor, Brig, of Whitby 6William, schooner, of Dublin.... 2William, schooner, of Liverpool, eYorkshire Lass, ketch, of Boston. 3Young Henry, smack, of Yar-

mouth, remained by vessel.Ztj>poraAlschooner,ofScarborongh 2Total lives saved by Life-boats in

1881, in addition to Thirty-three vessels 966

During the same perkd the Insti-tution granted rewards for savinglives by ashing and other boats 165

The number of lives saved either by the Life-boats of the Institution, or by special exertions for which it hasgranted rewards, since its formation, is fe9,050.

Donations and Annual Subscriptions are thankfully received by the Bankers of the Institution, Messrs.COOTTS AND Co., 69 Strand; Messrs. HERBIES, FABQIIHAB, AND Co., 16 St. James's Street; Messrs. Ho A RE, 37r la t Street, London; by all the other Bankers in the United Kingdom; by all the Life-boat Branches; and by theSecretary at the Institution, 14 JOHN STEEET, ADELPHI, LONDON, W.C.—August 1,1882.

the life-boat,...626 the life-boat. [august 1, 1882. exhibition to practica accountl to hol, e...

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