the light independant reaction
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The light independant reactionCarissa Fletcher
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This can happen in the dark
• Enzyme controlled
• Located in the stroma of the chloroplast.
• Occurs simultaneously with the light dependent reaction but it can continue in the dark provided the necessary raw materials are available (CO2, NADPH + H+ and ATP)
• Enzyme controlled reaction pathways
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Advances in technology
• Between 1946 and 1953 Melvin Calvin was able to utilise advances in radio carbon dating with C-14 to trace pathways in photosynthesis.
• He later went on to win the nobel prize in1961
http://www.physics.arizona.edu/ams/education/product.htm
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His experiment- lollipop apparatus• Green algae, was grown in
continuous cultures, were placed in the "lollipop" with the light shining on them.
• Carbon-14 labelled CO2 was injected into the stream of non-radioactive CO2 for a suitable period.
• At the end of which the algae were killed. The compounds into which the radioactive carbon had entered were analyzed by paper chromatography.
http://www.tokresource.org/tok_classes/biobiobio/biomenu/photosynthesis/
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The Calvin Cycle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_cycle
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Simplified
http://saburchill.com/chapters/chapters.html
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The molecules
Glycerate-3-phosphate (GP)
Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)
Rubisco (The enzyme)
Triose Phosphate (TP)
Other notes ATP is needed to add Hydrogen ions and electrons to the GP to make it into a carbohydrate.
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The ratios
• RUBP is both consumed and produced in this reaction.
• If 3 molecules are used six TP are produced.
• 5 of those 6 return to the cycle to regenerate the RUBP
• 1TP is produced• To produce one glucose molecule 2 TP
are needed.