the long-term lead and copper rule · ohio wea-awwa uniting the world of water 2014 technical...
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August 26-29, 2014 | Columbus, OHUNITING THE WORLD of WATEROhio WEA-AWWA
2014 Technical Conference & Expo
The Long-Term Lead and Copper Rule Understanding Potential Changes and Impacts on Community Water Systems
UNITING THE WORLD of WATER
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Presentation Outline
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What changes are being considered under the LT-LCR?
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Research Suggests The Current Rule Is Not Capturing Some High Pb/Cu Samples
• Lead service lines (LSLs) contribute 50-75% of lead at the tap [1]
• Elevated lead concentrations in drinking water after partial lead service line replacement (PLSLR) [2]
• Elevated copper concentrations in drinking water from new construction [3,4,5]
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• Tier 1 site must be served by a LSL • Samples collected from a LSL • Adding a separate pool for Cu sampling
• More stringent WQPs or phosphate addition benchmark for effective optimization
• Adding a requirement for Cu in the event of a Cu AL exceedance
• Elimination of “test-out” provision
Potential Revisions Being Considered Under the LT-LCR
Public EducationPublic EducationPublic Education
Pb & Cu Tap Sampling Requirements
Pb & Cu Tap Sampling Requirements
Optimized Corrosion Control Treatment
Optimized Corrosion Control Treatment
Optimized Corrosion Control Treatment
Lead Service Line Replacement
Lead Service Line Replacement
Lead Service Line Replacement
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• Tier 1 site must be served by a LSL (Scenario 1)• Samples collected from a LSL (Scenario 2)• Adding a separate pool for Cu sampling (Scenario 3)
• Systems must re-optimize if AL is exceeded• More stringent WQPs or phosphate addition benchmark for
effective optimization
• Adding a requirement for copper in the event of a copper AL exceedance
• Elimination of “test-out” provision• Delay replacement until after CCT re-optimization
Potential Revisions Being Considered Under the LT-LCR
Public EducationPublic EducationPublic Education
Pb & Cu Tap Sampling Requirements
Pb & Cu Tap Sampling Requirements
Optimized Corrosion Control Treatment
Optimized Corrosion Control Treatment
Optimized Corrosion Control Treatment
Lead Service Line Replacement
Lead Service Line Replacement
Lead Service Line Replacement
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Who will be affected?
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Scenario No. Description
Percent of Systems Above AL with LT-LCR
Changes
Population Impacted
(in Millions)
1 Changing sample site Tier Definition
2
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Temperature Variation Method
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Standard Volume Flushing Method
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Sequential Sampling Method
3 Targeted Cu Monitoring
Evaluated Three Potential LT-LCR Tap Sampling Requirements to Identify Impacted Systems
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Scenario No. Description
Percent of Systems Above AL with LT-LCR
Changes
Population Impacted
(in Millions)
1 Changing sample site Tier Definition 12.5% of systems with LSLs 15.2
2
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Temperature Variation Method
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Standard Volume Flushing Method
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Sequential Sampling Method
3 Targeted Cu Monitoring
Evaluated Three Potential LT-LCR Tap Sampling Requirements to Identify Impacted Systems
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Scenario No. Description
Percent of Systems Above AL with LT-LCR
Changes
Population Impacted
(in Millions)
1 Changing sample site Tier Definition 12.5% of systems with LSLs 15.2
2
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Temperature Variation Method
9.5% of systems with LSLs 11.8
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Standard Volume Flushing Method
54.5% of systems with LSLs 74.0
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Sequential Sampling Method
70.5% of systems with LSLs 96.4
3 Targeted Cu Monitoring
Evaluated Three Potential LT-LCR Tap Sampling Requirements to Identify Impacted Systems
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Scenario No. Description
Percent of Systems Above AL with LT-LCR
Changes
Population Impacted
(in Millions)
1 Changing sample site Tier Definition 12.5% of systems with LSLs 15.2
2
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Temperature Variation Method
9.5% of systems with LSLs 11.8
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Standard Volume Flushing Method
54.5% of systems with LSLs 74.0
Sampling Directly from LSLs –Sequential Sampling Method
70.5% of systems with LSLs 96.4
3 Targeted Cu Monitoring 8% of systems with high alkalinity and low pH 10.9
Evaluated Three Potential LT-LCR Tap Sampling Requirements to Identify Impacted Systems
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What are the compliance options and how much will it cost?
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Three Corrosion Control Methods Identified as Optimum in the Current LCR
Carbonate Passivation
• Metal complexes on pipe surface
• Prevents metal release
Inhibitor Addition
• Phosphates (orthophosphate or blends)
• Silicates
Carbonate Precipitation
• Calcium carbonate coats pipe surface
• Does not form uniform, non-porous layer
Carbonate Precipitation Not Considered An Effective Strategy for LT-LCR Compliance
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Treatment Strategies Considered for Compliance with the LT-LCR
Systems not adding phosphate
Raise pH and/or
alkalinityAdd
phosphate
Add phosphate and adjust
pH
Systems adding
phosphate
Boost phosphate Lower pH
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Baseline National Cost is Significant
$25
$120
$48
$73
$168
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160
$180
$200
1 2 3 1+3 2+3
Ann
ual C
ost (
$Mill
ion)
Scenario
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Multiple Uncertainties Impact Cost
Lead service line occurrence
LSL sampling method
Phosphoric acid cost
Systems impacted by copper monitoring
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National Cost Impacts of Uncertainty
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$400
1 2 3 1+3 2+3
Tota
l Ann
ual C
ost (
$Mill
ion)
Scenario
Total Annual Cost of Regulatory Scenario ($ Million) 1 2 3 1+3 2+3
Baseline $25 $120 $48 $73 $168Range $11 - $49 $50 - $272 $30 - $107 $30 - $156 $50 - $379
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National Cost Equivalence of Full Lead Service Line Replacements (FLSLRs)
Scenario 1 –Changing Sample Site Tier Definition
Scenario 2 –Sampling Directly
from LSLs
Baseline National Cost $25,000,000 $111,000,000
FLSLRs per Year Nationally($5000/replacement) 5,000 22,000
Total Population Affected by FLSLRs 15,000(<0.01%)
66,000(<0.04%)
Total Population Affected by OCCT Upgrade
Up to 42,000,000(<1% - 14%)
Up to 150,000,000(2% - 49%)
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What are the unintended consequences we need to consider?
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Potential LT-LCR Unintended Consequences
Description of Potential UICOCCT Strategy
pH/Alkalinity Adjustment
Phosphate Addition
Increased scaling resulting in loss of hydraulic capacity or additional system maintenance Reduced distribution system disinfection performance Change in DBP speciation/concentrations Required joint Stage 2 DBPR and LT-LCR compliance Increased phosphorus loading at POTW, with increased sludge production Need for additional operator certification/staffing
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National Cost Impacts of UICs
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
1 2 3 1+2 1+3 2+3
Tota
l Nat
iona
l Cos
t ($M
illio
ns)
Scenario
Potential Cost of UICsAnnual Cost of OCCT
National Cost of Regulatory Scenario ($ Million) 1 2 3 1 +2 1 + 3 2 + 3
Annual OCCT Cost $11 - $49 $50- $272 $30- $107 $50- $272 $30- $156 $50- $379
Annual UIC Costs $19 $77 $28 $77 $47 $106
Total Annual Cost $11 - $68 $50 - $349 $30 - $135 $50- $438 $30 - $203 $50 - $485
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What’s next for the LT-LCR and PWSs?
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• Goal: • Incorporate changes that will make the rule
more protective of public health and are implementable
• Focus:• Sampling requirements• Optimized corrosion control treatment• Public education for copper• Lead service line replacement
• Anticipated Schedule: • 9 – 12 month stakeholder process began
March 2014• Proposed rule expected 2015• Final rule sometime in 2016 – 2017
Regulatory Framework for LT-LCR
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What Can You Do To Prepare?
Manage and review historical data to:
• Establish a baseline• Assess potential compliance with anticipated changes
Conduct additional sampling or testing, where possible
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Acknowledgements
AWWA and Project Steering Committee MembersSteve ViaStephen Estes-SmargiassiSteve SchindlerMatt SmithJeff Swertfeger
Participating public water systems
ARCADIS TeamChris HillSean Chaparro Roger Arnold Doug Owen
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Thank you!Rebecca Slabaugh, PE, ENV [email protected](317) 231-6500