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The low productivity in India is a result of the following factors:

According to World Bank, Indian Branch: Priorities for Agriculture and Rural Development", India's

largeagricultural subsidiesare hampering productivity-enhancing investment. Overregulation of

agriculture has increased costs, price risks and uncertainty. Government intervenes in labour, land,

and credit markets. India has inadequate infrastructure and services.[12]

World Bank also says that

the allocation of water is inefficient, unsustainable and inequitable. Theirrigationinfrastructure is

deteriorating.[12]

The overuse of water is currently being covered by over pumping aquifers, but as

these are falling by foot of groundwater each year, this is a limited resource.[13]

Illiteracy, general socio-economic backwardness, slow progress in implementing land reforms and

inadequate or inefficient finance and marketing services for farm produce.

Inconsistent government policy. Agricultural subsidies and taxes often changed without notice for

short term political ends.

The average size of land holdings is very small (less than 20,000 m) and is subject to fragmentation

due to land ceiling acts, and in some cases, family disputes. Such small holdings are often over-

manned, resulting in disguised unemployment and low productivity of labour.

Adoption of modern agricultural practices and use of technology is inadequate, hampered by

ignorance of such practices, high costs and impracticality in the case of small land holdings.

Irrigation facilities are inadequate, as revealed by the fact that only 52.6% of the land was irrigated in

200304,[14]

which result in farmers still being dependent on rainfall, specifically the monsoon season.

A good monsoon results in a robust growth for the economy as a whole, while a poor monsoon leads

to a sluggish growth.[15]

Farm credit is regulated byNABARD, which is the statutory apex agent for

rural development in the subcontinent. At the same time overpumping made possible by subsidized

electric power is leading to an alarming drop in aquifer levels.

The required level of investment for the development of marketing, storage and cold storage

infrastructure is estimated to be huge. The government has not been able to implement various schemes

to raise investment in marketing infrastructure. Among these schemes areConstruction of Rural Go

downs, Market Research and Information Network, and Development / Strengthening ofAgricultural

MarketingInfrastructure, Grading and Standardization.[8]

The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), established in 1905, was responsible for the research

leading to the "Indian Green Revolution" of the 1970s. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

is the apex body in agriculture and related allied fields, including research and education. The Union

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_subsidieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_subsidieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_subsidieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agriculturepriorities-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agriculturepriorities-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agriculturepriorities-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agriculturepriorities-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agriculturepriorities-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agriculturepriorities-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agri-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agri-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agri-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-schand-ind.eco-3-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-schand-ind.eco-3-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-schand-ind.eco-3-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NABARDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NABARDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NABARDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NABARDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-schand-ind.eco-3-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agri-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agriculturepriorities-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-agriculturepriorities-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_subsidies

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Minister of Agriculture is the President of the ICAR. The Indian Agricultural Statistics Research

Institute develops new techniques for the design of agricultural experiments, analyses data in agriculture,

and specializes in statistical techniques for animal and plant breeding.

Recently Government of India has set up Farmers Commission to completely evaluate the agriculture

program.[10]

However the recommendations have had a mixed reception.

INDIAN AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY : SOME FACTS

India with arable land of 184 million hectares.

India produces annually 90 million tonnes of milk (highest in the world)

India produces 150 million tonnes of fruits & vegetables (second largest)

India has 485 million livestock population (largest)

India produces 204 million tonnes food grain (third largest)

India produces 6.3 million tonnes fish (3

rd

largest) ,

India has 489 million Poultry and produces 45,200 million eggs.

India had the Green Revolution, the White Revolution, and the Blue Revolution,

and now the focus is on the Pink Revolution.

The Green Revolution had led to self-sufficiency in food grains, the White Revolution

saw India occupy the Number One Position in milk production in the world, and the

Blue Revolution brought about increase in fish production.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-9