THE TRIANGLE. VOL. 1.

PUBLISHED BY THE TRIANGLE PUBUSHING CO.

LUTHER GULICK, M.D., President. ]A:\fES NAISMITH, A.JJ., Editor. F. N. SEER LEY, :\I.D., Business ,1£alltllrer.

PHOTOGRAPHY AND ATHLETICS. III.

No. 10.

WE now have our camera all ready for work. See if it leaks light by wrapping a piec'e of black paper around one half of a plate, put it

in the plate holder, draw out the slide, but do not remo've the cap. Turn the camera around so that the light shall strike equally on every part. Develop the plate. If the side that was uncovered turns black sooner than the other, it is because the camera leaks somewhere, and must be fixed. Test your dark lantern and dark rooni in the same way, that is by exposing a plate half covered with the black paper, to the red light for a few minutes, then proceed in the same way as before.

It is not my purpose in these articles to repeat what is in every pho­tographic manual. The design is rather to supplement and give some things which they do not furnish, so I give no general instructions in the handling of plates, etc.

The solutions which I use and like best are made as follows :-

DEVELOPER. No. I. Engl. l\Ieasures.

Troy Weight.

40 ounces Distilled Water. 2 " Sulphite of Sodium Crystals. Jounce Eikonogen, finely powdered.

Keep the solution in a well stoppered bottle.

N.o. 2.

10 ounces Water. J ounce Carbonate of Potassium.

Put this in two bottles, label them No. I (Eikonogen) and NO.2 (Carbon­ate of Potassium). When you use them take 3 parts of No. I and I part of No.2. This is an excellent developer and can be used for all kinds of plates, lantern slides, and bromide prints. " It produces plenty of inten­sity by simply leaving the plate in long enough. Any degree of softness

THE TRIANGLE.

can be obtained by diluting with more or less water, which is also recom­mended during hot weather and for under exposures.

FIXING SOLUTION FORMULA.

Prepare two solutions.

No. I.

32 ounces Hyposulphite of Soda. 3 quarts \Vater.

NO.2. I quart Water. i ounce Sulphuric Acid. 4 ounces Sulphite of Sodium Crystals. 3 ounces Chrome Alum, powdered.

(The Chrome Alum may be omitted during the co~d season.)

After the ingredients are completely dissolved, poqr' No.2 solution into No. I and allow it to settle before using. .

This bath combines the following advantag~s: It remains clear after frequent use; it does not discolor the negatives and forms no precipitate upon them. The Chrome Alum hardens the gelatine to such a degree that the negatives can be washed in warm water, provided they have been left in the bath a sufficient time. This is very much better than the plain hypo bath. It hardens the film on the plate and can be used over and over again.

N ow to expose and develop a picture. Be sure with your ground glass that the camera is focused just where the object will be when you are going to take it. Use the largest diaphragm. Take the picture as near midday as possible, as the light is then the strongest. Get in the bright sunlight. Have the sun either directly behind you or over one­shoulder. If possible, get so that the sky will be directly behind what you are going to take. If you cannot do this, have something there which will make a strong contrast. Take off the cap, adjust the shutter, take out the slide, snap the shutter with the camera pointed square at what you want, put in the slide, go to the dark room, light th,e lantern, take the plate out of the holder, put it in the developing dish, p~ur on the developer that you had previously mixed up. Keep the plate cqvered up except when you need to look at it. In from five seconds to five minutes the sky will get dark. Leave it in the developer till the sky gets as black as ink; this will take from five minutes to half an hour or even an hour. Shake the tray every few seconds, otherwise it will develop unevenly. Be sure that you cover all the plate at once with the developer, keep it covered all the time. When the picture gets pretty dark take it out and hold it up to the light, you will be best. able in this way to see how black it is really getting. Do not let it stay in long enough to entirely blacken and obliterate the picture. Only the sky and white things should get black in this way. When it is done, take itout-and rinse it in

PHOTOGRAPHY AND ATHLETICS. 143

clean water, and then put it in another tray and pour on the fixing solu­tion, leave it in here at least twenty minutes. .It does no hurt to leave it in for several hours. Take it out and wash it. If possible, let it stay in running water for half an hour. Take it out and stand it up in a clean place over night.

This is a negative and is ready to print from. Put it in a printing frame and proceed as the books direct. If you want to be perfectly sure to have the pictures permanent, use bromide paper, most others fade. Its advantages are: (r) Permanence, (2) Independence of natural light, (3) Speed in .printing, (4) Great variety in effects, (5) Strong prints from weak negatives. It is a little bothersome at first, as you have to develop each print just like a plate, but it takes only a few minutes and is very satisfactory.

To make lantern slides, get a package of lantern slide plates, put one in your printing frame on top of the negative, just as if you were going to make a print. Strike a match and hold it in front of the frame, about eight inches from it. This is about the amount of light required for a negative of ordinary thickness. You can get the light in any other way you choose; this will give you a general indication of how much to; use. Now take the plate out and develop and fix it just like a negative. The sky should be clear and the dark parts quite dark.

For taking pictures of cases in your office, use the cap and large diaphragm. Expose anywhere from half a second to five seconds, depend­ing on the light.

In my directions so far, I have said nothing about plates. The very fastest must be used for the fast work I have been describing. Cramer's " Crown" or Seed's No. 26 are excellent, and give uniformly good results. Use slower plates whenever you can, better negatives will follow. Use these fastest plates only when the greatest speed is required, or when you have to work where it is quite dark.

Above all things, work slowly and carefully and keep your hands clean from the fixing solution when developing. You can use the develop­ing solution several times. But when you get a plate about which you are anxious and whi:h was exposed very rapidly. better mix fresh.

The man who takes and develops ten pictures in a day will probably get more good. ones than the man whu does fifty in the same time • . H urry is the bane of amateur photography.

Probably, however, you will go ahead just as fast with your first plates as the rest of us did at first, and get your knowledge on this poin t at first hand, as we did.

I believe that by being careless and u shooting" whatever strikes one's fancy, without special preparation of light, etc., more money can be spent with nothing to show for it, more disappointment and disgust produced, than in almost any other way; and, on the other hand, careful

144 THE TRIANGLE.

work will produce a picture out of almost every plate. Take one picture at a time, and keep a recf?rd of your work so tllat you may not make the same mistake twice.

LUTHER GULICK, M.D.

BASKET BALL.

W E present to our readers a new game of ball, which seems to have those elements in it which ought to make it popular among the

Associations. It fills the same place in the gymnasium that foot ball does in. the athletic field. Any number of men may play at it, and each one get plenty of exercise; at the same time it calls for physical judgment, and co-ordination of every muscle, and gives all-around development. It can be played by teams from different Associations, and combines skill with courage and agility so that the better team wins.

The ground is the gymnasium floor cleared of apparatus (it may be shoved behind the side lines), though it could be played in the open air, at a picnic, etc. When there is a running track around the gymnasium~

BASKET BALL. 145

the ground might be marked out just under the track, and. the baskets hung up, one at each end on the railing. All outside of this line is then out of bounds. When there is no running track, the ends may be cleared of apparatus, and the goals fixed on the wall, then a line may be drawn along the sides of the gymnasium about six feet from the walls, or enough to -clear· the apparatus. Across these lines would be out of bounds.

The goals are a couple of baskets or boxes about fifteen inches in diameter across the opening, and about fifteen inches deep. These are to be suspended, one at each end of the grounds, about ten feet from the floor. The object of the game is to put the ball into your opponents' goal. This may be done by throwing the ball from any part of the grounds, with one or both hands, under the following conditions and rules :-

The ball to be an ordinary Association foot ball. 1. The ball may be thrown .in any direction with one or both hands. 2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands

(never with the fist). 3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it

from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed if he tries to stop.

4. The ball must be he1d in or between the hands, the arms or body must not be used for holding it.

5. No shou1dering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game, no substitute allowed.

6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of rules 3, 4, and such as described in rule 5.

7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the mean time making a foul).

8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds in to the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.

9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The th,rower in is allowed five seconds, if he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side:

; 10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.

THE TRIANGLE.

I I. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in' bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shaH decide when a goal has been made, and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.

I2. The time 'shall be two fifteen minutes, halves, with five minutes' rest between.

13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the cap­tains, be continued until another goal is'made.

This game is interesting to spectators as well as to the players, and may be made quite scientific by good judgment combined with good co-ordination. Several good points have been scored by two or three players working together. The number composing a team depends largely on the size of the floor ,space, but it may range from three on, a side to forty. The fewer players down to three, the more scientific it may be made, but the more players the more fun, and the more exercise for quick judgment.

The men ,may be . arranged according to the idea of the captain, but it has been found advantageo'us to have a goal keeper, two guards, three center men, two wings, and a home man stationed in the above order from the gQal. ' '.

It shall be the duty of the goal keeper and the two guards to prevent the opponents from scoring. The duty of the wing man and the home man is to put the ball into the opponents' goal, and the center men shall feed the ball forward to the man who has the best opportunity, thus nine men make the best number for a team.

It is well suited for boys. Director Finch has introduced it in his boys' classes with apparent success. We wish that the physical directors would try the game, and report any points that might be amended.

It is intended that this game should be free from much of th~ reputed roughness of Rugby, and in the framing of rules this has been kept strictly in view. If some of the rules seem unnecessarily severe, it will be remembered that the time to stop roughness is before it begins.

A gymnasium is bounded by hard walls, and has a pretty solid floor, and for that reason, any shoving that would injure a person must be stopped, e. g'-, when a man raises his arms to throw the ball, another might give him the shoulder, and disable him, but if this is stopped there will be an understanding that it is not allowed. It is for the benefit of a physical director that no man be hurt in his gymnasium, so that any director who tries it should make every man conform to the rules strictly at first, and then he would soon get accustomed to playing ball instead of trying to injure his neighbor, when it is nothing but a friendly tussle\in which they are taking part.

ALL-ROUiVD GYMNASIUM CONTEST. 147

The very men who are rough in playing will be the very first ones to oppose the game on this account, for there is that in man's nature which will retaliate, and the rough player gene,rally gets the worst of the roughness. If there is need for such a ga,me, let it be played as any other game of science and skill, then men will value it. But there is neither science nor skill in taking a man unawares, and shoving him, or catching his arm and pulling aim away, when he is about to catch the ball. A dog could do as much as that.

There seemed to be no way of compensating the opponents for a foul made. A free throw was thought of, but, after a little prar;tice, a good thrower could convert it into a goal almost every time, because of . the limits of the ordinary gymnasium. Then the idea was that three fouls would count as a goal, and would be a deterrent to the. making of them. This is true, for when a team finds that another foul would count a goal against them, the extra "foul is hardly ever made, showing that it is possi­ble to play the game without making fouls.

If men will not be gentlemanly in their play, it is our place to encourage games that may be played by gentlemen in a manly way, and show them that science is superibr to brute force ~ith a disregard for the feelings of others. The umpire will thus be responsible for much of the roughness if he lets it go unchecked, but if he is firm and impartial in his ruling he will gain the respect even of those who suffer at the time.

We would advise the director to keep a good firm grasp on the ruling for a while at first.

JAS. NAISMITH.

ALL-ROUND GYMNASIUM CONTEST.

THE physical directors of the first district in New York are very active in devising ways of getting at the all-round contest scheme, and

making it available for work in the gymnasium. The score card on the next page is one which is being used· in

New York this winter, in their all-round indoor contests. A good many things are involved in such a contest as this. It is impossible to rate in the same simple, num'erical way, calisthenics and the running high jump. In the latter we have so many inches cleared, that can be definitely meas­ured and credit given for. With calisthenics we must judge on grace, pre­CISIOn, etc. The same things hold true in regard to parallel bars, horse, and horizontal bar. How shall these be scored?

"It has been decided that in the contest, two exercises shall be given on each piece of apparatus, which each contestant shall be obliged to do. These exercises shall be selected from' the class work which has been taught in the Association during the year. This involves a uniform sys­tem of class work, that is, that all shall be prepared on the exercises which

SCORI NG CARD. RECORD OF SCORES .

;; Jump. Put. Vault. Name Cal!s- Parallel SIde Long zontal High Shot Pole Car- Total. .!t High Shot Pole I - " . Hori- Run'g Erect

0:: Ft. In. Ft. In. Ft. In. or No. themcs. Bars. Horse. Horse. Bar. Jump. Put. Vault. riage. -0 4 1 20 0 ~---- --, ------

141M 20 3 6 3~ I 2 4 I~ 20 6 6 4 i 3 4 I~ 20 9 6 4%" -----------~I--I-------r ! ~M ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ---1--------

1

--11--1------6 4 2~ 21 6 6 6 , 7 4 2~ 21 9 6 6~ ---------- - ---~

--; 1 ~~ ~~ ~ j11%"- --------------- --,--10 4 3~ 22 6 6 8 ________________________ _ 11 4 3~ 22 9 6 8~ ,

~; 11M ~~~ ~~~ 1'-----------------------14 4 4~ 23 6 6 10 15 4 3~ ~ 6 IO~ --1------' -- --------

--r6 45 24 0 6 II 1---------- --------

17 4 5M 24 3 6 II~ 1 I 18 . 4 5~ 24 6 7 0 ,

19 .-i3~_~ 7 o~ .--1--1----1

'-- ------

2046 250 7 1 ----------- -------

21 4 6M 25 3 7 1~ 22 4 6~ 25 6 7 2 23 4 6~ 259 7 2~ ---------- ------

24 47--260 -7-3-- --- --- --- --- --------- ------ ---

25 4 7M 26 3 7 3~ 26 4 7~ 26 6 7 4 27 4 7~ 26 9 7 4~ -------~!------------- ---

~~ 1~M ~~~- ~~~ --------1:------------30 4 8~ 27 6 7 6 31 4 8~ 27 9 7 6~ ------- --1-- ---------.- ---- ----

32 ~ 280 -7-7-- --- --------1-------------- ---33 4 9M 28 3 7 7 ~ I 34 4 9~ 28 6 7 8

35 4 9~ 28 9 7 8~ --------1--1----------3600290-7-9--- --I----~-

37 4 10M 29 3 7 9 ~ 1 1

38 4 10~ 29 6 7 10 I 39 4 IO~ 2997 10)'2 -- ---1--- 1----

------ ------- -- ----,----40 4 11 300 7 11 I I 41 4 II}.( 30 3 7 II~ 42 4 I 1 ~ 30 6 8 0 __ I I ~ 4 II%-, ~ 8 O~ __ -~\--i-·-- --11 ~ ~J( ~~ ~ ~:~ I --1--1----46 5 0 ~ 31 6 8 2 I -

:~ ~ ~~ ~: ~ ~ ~~ '1__ ==i==I~, ==1 49 5 1M 32 3 8 3~ 50 5 I ~ 32 6 8 4 , I ' ~~ 5 I~ ~ 8 4~ 1-- ----i----

52 52 33 0 85 -- ----1---·-53 5 2M 33 3 8 5~ I'

54 5 2~ 33 6 8 6 55 52~ 339 86~ ---------1--1--1-----------

56 -5-3- 34C> 8 7 57 5 3}.( 34 3 8 7 ~ 58 5 3~ 34 6 8 8 ~ 5 3%-' ~ I) 8~ 60 6 4 35 (' 8 9

Place in the" upper spaces after each man's name the judge's value of each man's exercises and the record made in each athletic event.

Place in the lower spaces the total for each piece of apparatus, also his rank in the athletic events, as shown by the scoring table.

ALL-ROUND GYJfNASJUJ£ CONTEST. 149

may be given in the contest. The exercises have been selected by the proper committee, and each contestant will know and practice all the exer­cises which he may be called on to do. He shall select a third one, which may be anything that he chooses.

The scoring would be done by the judges, as follows :-So much would be given for form, so much for time, and, in tpe

selected work individually, so much for the difficulty of the exercise. Thus while the scoring is not absolute,and the work in one part of the country cannot be compared with that in any other, being inferior to the Pentathlon in this respect, sti11 it offers a very tangible way of getting at the question. The I running high jump, shot put, and pole vault will be scored by the height or distance scored as in the Pentathlon.

This move we regard as a very significant one, because it involves co-operation and the adoption of uniform class work. It also gives a definite working point for the class work during the whole year. The various class.es can be working towards the exercises which have been selected for the contest. This offers an excellent opportunity for graded work, leaders' class, etc. In fact, it fits in with and as a part of the whole scheme which we are working for. We hope that this experiment that is being tried in New York will be so successful that it will be tried in the whole country.

RULES.

I. EVENTS. The events shall be calisthenics (standard Association bell, wand, club or fencing drill), parallel bars, side horse, long horse, hori­zontal bar (high or low), running high jump, shot put, and pole vault.

II. OFFICERS. All meetings shal1 be under the direction of one referee, four measurers, six judges of apparatus work, one scorer, one marshal, and one clerk of the course.

Measurers and judges of apparatus work shall also act as judges of calisthenic work, and at the same time as judges of " erect cariage."

III. REFEREE. When appealed to he shall decide all questions of dispute not otherwise covered in these rules. His decision shall be final.

IV. MEASURERS. The measurers shall be judges for running high jump, shot put, and pole vault. They shall report each contestant's best record to the scorer.

V. I JUDGES OF ApPARATUS WORK. The judges on each piece of apparatus shall judge independently. They shall report to the scorer their average of each contestant's total ability in that special event.

VI. SCORER. The scorer shall keep a complete list of competitors, crediting each man with his performance in each event as reported by the judges or measurers. He shall place in the lower space the number of points made by contestant in each event as determined by the judges in

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calisthenics and apparatus work, also the number of points in athletic work as shown by scoring table.

VII. MARSHAL. The marshal shall have full police charge and see that the spectators are kept in the place assigned for them.

VIII. CLERK OF THE COURSE. The clerk of the course shall fur­nish each contestant a number by which he shall be known in that com­petition; he shall also assign to him his "division" in the contest.

IX. RECORDS. The maximum in each event in this contest shall be sixty points, making a total of four hundred and eighty points; to this shall be added twenty points as maximum for "erect carriage," making the total possible score five hundred points.

X. CALISTHENICS. The calisthenic drill, inclusive of marching, shall not be less than ten nor more than twenty minutes, the judging being done by the measurers and judges.

XI., ApPARATUS WORK. The contest on each piece of apparatus shall consist of three exercises, selected by the referee (except in advanced grades, when one exercise on each apparatus shall be selected by con­testant) on the day of competition from a list of ten, said ten exercises to have been determined upon by local, district, state, or national committee, and forwarded to Associations competing not less than four weeks before the contest.

X I I. SHOT PUT. The shot shall weigh not less than sixteen pounds. It shall be put from a circle seven feet in diameter, the manner of the put being at the option of the contestant. Each contestant shall be allowed three trials, the best put to count; the measurement of all puts shall be made from' the spot in the circumference nearest to where the shot first touches ground or floor. Fouls which shall count as trial puts without results are as follows :---:-

I. Letting go of the shot in an attempt. 2. Stepping over front half of circle before put is measured. 3. ~ouching ground outside circle while the shot is in the hand. XIII. POLE VAULTING AND RUNNING HIGH ]U?lIP. The height of

bar at starting and at each successive elevation shall be determined by the measurers. Contestants shall jump in regular order as called by meas­urer; contestant may omit his trial at any height, but shall not be allowed to try that height should he fail on the next elevation.

The jump shall be made over a bar flat on all sides; displacement of the bar counting as a "try"; at three failures to clear the bar at any height, the contestant shall be declared out of the event. Two balks shall count as a try; a balk is crossing a line six feet from and parallel with the standards. The run shall be limited to thirty feet. Each contestant shall be credited with the best of all his jumps.

XIV. DIPLOMAS. A total of,two hundred and fifty points (elementary work) shall entitle contestant to elementary certificate, and the right to wear

ALL-ROU1VD GYMlVASfUM CONTEST.

the emblem of that grade. ,A total of three hundred points (intermediate work), to an intermediate certificate with their emble~. A total of four hundred points (advanced work) shall entitle contestant to a diploma and emblem.

Contestants must present their certificates of lower grade before they can enter as contestants in higher grades.

* * * The all-round athletic and gymnasium scheme is being worked vigor-

ously by Mr. A. E. Garland, physical director of the Grand Rapids, Mich., Association. Some most excellent work has been" done. An all-round indoor contest on the Pentathlon system of scoring has been carried out. The following tests were given the contestants: running high jump, stand­ing high jump, vault, Indian club race, putting shot, and jump the rope. The experiment of having a handicap offered was tried.

These were given on the basis of height and weight, ~mal1er men being given more points than larger men. The scheme is reported as having worked successfully.

" The Grand Rapids Association has a contest with the Muskegon, Michigan, Physical Department on the same general basis.

* * * Physical Director C. M. Williams: of Evansville, Ind., has been doing

some excellent work in the athletic line, and a recent contest proved some most excellent records. We hope that he will be able gradually to edu­cate the members of the Association to the idea of doi~g all-round work, such as the Pentathlon, or at least have every member enter in enough of the different sports to insure all-round" development. Just before Mr. Wi11iams started on his Christmas trip to St. Louis, he was very much surprised by being presented with a split second gold stop watch.

* * >t:

Howto get By Charles Wadsworth, Jr., Anson D. F. Randolph and Muscular. Company, New York. This book is in some respects a pecul-iarly fitting one to be reviewed in our paper. Its title is, "How to get "Muscular." What it really treats of, however, is the application of the general principles of tr~ining to the securing of character and spiritual strength. The writer well calls it "Addresses on Higher Athletics."

The various sections of the book treat of strength, rest, and food, air and religion. This is an appeal from the physical side to the higher parts of one's nature.

The Place to get the FinestPhotogra phs in Springfield is the Studio of

~~~ 310 Main Street, Next Post Office.

THE TRIANGLE. \Ve believe that man has physical, mental and moral elements, and that the developmer.t

of each is necessary both for the development of the others and for the further evolution and elevation of the race. We speak on physical

education for this reason and from this basis.

A monthly journal {ten issues}.

Subscription price, In clubs of ten or more,

$1.00.

.50 .

ADDRESS, "THE TRIANGLE PUBLISHING CO." SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

Circulation, 1,000 copies per month. Entered at the post office at Springfield, Mass., as second class matter, March 7, 1891.

THE TRIANGLE PUBLISHING CO.

LUlf'HER GULICK, M.D., President. JAMES NAISMITH, A.B., Editor. F. N. SEERLEY, M.D., Business Manager.

WITH this issue, Vol. 1. of THE TRIANGLEis completed, and what was a year ago looked upon as an experiment, is now conceded to be a fact, and the paper has come to stay. During the past year, the entire work has been done by those who were burdened with other cares, and to whom the business management. editing, etc., have been extra work.

We feel that with such time and thought as they have been able to give, the paper has, in part, at least, filled a needed place in the line of Physical Education, arid has been appreciated by those it has reached.

* * * As our friends probably know, the paper has had a circulation of 1,000

copies per month. What we now propose to do is to increase the circulation to 10,000 copies per month, have 12 issues for the year instead of 10, add as many more pages as may be necessary, and, with men to give their cntirc time to its interests, make it the leading journal of its kind in the English-speaking world. Already arrangements are being made by which we expect to present through these columns arti­cles from the pens of the foremost men in the world along the line of Physical Education.

* * * To those of you who have stood by us in our infancy and have aided

us by your subscriptions, we offer our heartfelt thanks, and bespeak for our paper your co-operation in our enlarged plans, and we shal1 endeavor to give you the very best that can be procured.

EDITORIAL. 153

As has been elsewhere announced, our magazine, under its new name, PHYSICAL EnUCATI9N, will endeavor to make decided steps forward during th~s coming year. We are endeavoring to secure the best writers in the world on this subject. We have already reGeived favorable answers from the following, and have not yet had time to hear from some outside of the country:-

EDWARD MUSSEY HARTWELL, A.M., M.D., President American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education, and Superintend­ent of Physical Education in the Boston public schools.

DR. EDWARD HITCHCOCK, SR., Professor Hygiene and Physical Training, Amherst College, Mass.

DR. EDWARD HITCHCOCK, JR., Secretary American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education and Professor Physical Training, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. '

B'ARON NILS POSSE, Posse Gymnasium, Boston, Mass. W. G. ANDERSON, M.D., President Brooklyn Normal, School for

Physical Education and President Chautauqua Sc~ool for Physical Edu­cation.

J. GARDNER SMITH, M.D., Physical Director of Harlem Branch Voung Men's Christian Association, and Superintendent of Physical Education in the New Vork public schools.

HAMILTON D. WEY, M.D., State Reformatory, Elmira, N. V. WILLIAM BLAIKIE, Author of "How to Get Strong," etc. GEO. W. EHLER, C. E., Physical Director Brooklyn Voung Men's

Christian Association. L. K. BAKER, M.D., Providence Voung Men's Christian Association. GEO. B. THAYER, Physical Director' Hartford Young Men's Chris­

tian Association. PAUL C. PHILLIPS, Physical Director Louisville Voung Men's

Christian Association. HENRY F. KALLENBERG, Physical Director Voung Men's Christian

Association, State University of Iowa. The American Asso,ciation for the Advancement of Physical Educa­

tion will hold its next annual meeting on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, April 7-9, in Philadelphia, at the Drexel Institute. It seems as if this Association was going to take a long step forward at this next meeting. The provisional program embraces papers by Mons. G. Demeny, of Paris, who wrote that most excellent article on t,' Precaution in Muscular Exer­cises," Dr. Claes J. Eneb~ske of the Boston Normal School of Gymnastics, Boston, Dr. Wm. T. Harris, the Commissioner of Education at Washing­ton; an address by the President, Dr. Hartwell; paper by Dr. Sargent, of Harvard. This is a meeting that should be, attended by everyone interested in the cause of physical education.

154 THE TRIANGLE.

AN INTERESTING NOTE.

To the Editor of THE TRIANGLE :-On page 98, October number of THE TRIANGLE, Mr. F. H. Cann

makes use of this somewhat' remarkable expression, "Right in the heart of London and Paris, you see great numbers of cyclists enjoying a ride, which is impossible in our cities on account of the condition of the streets." Surely Mr. Cann cannot have visited many cities of this country, else he would not have made so erroneous a statement as the foregoing.

Being an enthusiastic bicyclist myself, and having visited almost all of the principal cities between Nova Scotia and Colorado, and Dakota and South Carolina, inclusive, I beg to remind him of the long mileage of finely kept asphalt pavement, in Washington over 100, Buffalo nearly 100,

Columbus, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Topeka, Omaha, St. Louis, Indianapo­lis and others, and of the· remarkably increasing mileage of brick pave­ment in the Western cities, among them Burlington, Davenport, Detroit, Louisville, Sioux City, Lincoln, Evansville, Bloomington, and many others. In Buffalo, hundreds of mechanics, aside from clerks, ride bicy­cles to and from their work.

Respectfully, "TRAVELER."

"Gymnastics," by A. F. Jenkin. Price $1.00. For sale by The Triangle Publishing Company, Springfield, Mass.

Mr. Jenkin has prepared the best work in print on heavy gymnastics for general use by instructors. His nom~nclature is more clearly stated than that of any book of a similar ~ature, of which I know. It will suffice to say in recommending the book, that at the meeting of the Physical Directors of the First District of New York State. including Dr. J. Gard­ner Smith of Harlem, Mr. George Ehler of Brooklyn, Dr. Yarnell of the Young Men's Institute, Dr. Bartlett of 23d Street branch, and others, the book was adopted as the standard for their nomenclature. The illustra­tions of the work are made from instantaneous photographs of the work being actually done. Thus, they are actual, not merely ideal. It takes up the German horse, the horizontal bar, and the parallel bars. Some of the work is quite advanced; all begins with the comparatively simple. * * *

"A, B, C, of Swedish Educational Gymnastics," by Hartvig Nissen. For sale by The Triangle Publishing Company, Springfield, Mass.

This is an attempt on the part of Mr. Nissen to render available to the teacher who really knows nothing of Swedish gymnastics the elements of the subject. It is quite. full of illustrations and is excellent in many ways. We wish that it had been more carefully prepared, and that some one had helped Mr. Nissen with the English of it.· There is certainly need of a book which shall be useful in the directions aimed at by the author. It is to be regretted that the book is not so written as to obviate the necessity of its being done over again in the future.

THE TRIANGLE ADVERTISER.

HAWKEYE -.o.~~ CAMERA.

c. ROGERS, DEALER IN

Amateur Photography. We keep all the latest Detective Cameras, including the celebrated HAWKEYE and KODAK.

A full line of the best.

DRY PLATES, DEVELOPERS, TONING SOLUTIONS

and everything that an amateur would want to make and finis~ his pictures.

341 MAIN STREET, SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

We supplied the Y. M. C. A. Training School with these Cameras and outfits, and respectfully solicit the same patronage from other schools and .other associations, assuring them that our goods are the best, and prices the lowest. Send to us for prices before buying elsewhere.

ADOPTED BY THE U. S. GOVERNMENT.

BUILT ON HONOR.

WAR"W"ICK PERFECTION CYCLES. Hollow Rims, Dust Proof Ball Bearings;

CONSTRUCTED OF FINEST STEEL; LARGE CUSHION TIRES;

PRONOUNCED "THE BEST IN USE." High Grade in Every Particular.

Easy 5 Riding, Great 5 Coaster, (Steering. l Hill Climber.

WARWICK CYCLE·MFG. CO. Send for Catalogue. SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

THE TRIANGLE ADVERTISER.

BOOK CLEARING"

. Every book that we can spare out of" our stock, and more. If we have ten copies and five would be enough for a few weeks to come. five of th2 ten are in this sale. If we have a book that

nobody wants at its price, every copy" we have is " in this sale at a price to make a hundred want it. If ~e have a book that is soile~ or injured in any way, it is going.

FORBRS & VVALLACR Sprill!!fieJd

GYMNASIUM EQUIPMENTS, TEAM AND CLUB OUTFITS,

SPORTING GOODS, HIGH GRADE LAWN TENNIS GOODS,

THE AMERICAN TATE RACKET.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE.

HORACE PARTRIDGE & CO. 497 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON.