the making of dual earning model in finland the economics of gender equality nordic experiences...
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The making of dual earning model in Finland
The Economics of Gender Equality
Nordic Experiences
Prague 15.6.2013
Senior Researcher Tapio Bergholm
2
Women’s employment rate in the EU in 2012, 15-64-years
Female employment rate in EU 2008, 15-64 years
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
MaltaItaly
NetherlandsBelgiumGreece
LuxembourgSpain
HungaryGermany
PolandEU-27
IrelandRomania
AustriaUnited Kingdom
SlovakiaFrance
Czech RepublicBulgariaPortugal
LithuaniaCyprus
SloveniaSweden
DenmarkEstoniaFinland
Latvia
Työllisyysaste
Täysiaikaiseksi muunnettutyöllisyysaste
Lähde: Eurostat
EK työmarkkinat
Proportion of part-time work of total employment 2012
Structural change of employment 1970-2010
Male primary Male industry Male service Female primary Female industry Female service0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 600.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
Employment by age cohort 2010
Women
Men
Ikä 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Employment by age cohort 1970
1970 Naiset
1970 Miehet
Committee to research the position of women 1966-1970
Nominated by left wing government Political parties and trade unions represented
Birth control/ abortion Vocational guidance/ education Public day care for children Government Advisory Board of Equality Matters (TANE)
Legislation and institutions matter
Ratification of equal pay resolution of ILO (1951) in Finnish Parliament1962
Labour scarcity in early 1970s’ made labour market parties (social partners) to enhance together female employment
Law of public day care 1973 Separate taxation of married couples (wife and
husband) from 1976 Gradual extension of day care services and rights Women work mainly full-time i.e. over 35 hours.
FINLAND IS NOT A PARADISE FOR WORKING WOMEN IN YEAR 2013
-20 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 690.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Matalapalkkaisten osuus ikäryhmittäin vuonna 2011
Naiset 2000€ ja alle
Naiset 1800€ ja alle
Miehet 2000€ ja alle
Miehet 1800€ ja alle
-20 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 690
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
Number of low wage earners in different age groups
Women 2000€ or less
Women 1800€ or less
Men 2000€ or less
Men 1800€ or less