The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures

Fourth Edition

CHAPTER 1Early Western Civilization

4000–1000 B.C.E.

Copyright © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Lynn Hunt • Thomas R. MartinBarbara H. Rosenwein • Bonnie G. Smith

I. The Concept of Western Civilization

A. Defining Western Civilization

1. Civilization and Simpler Ways of Life

2. Civilization and Geography

3. Ideas and Customs

I. The Concept of Western Civilization

A. Defining Western Civilization (cont.)

4. Social Hierarchies and Status

5. Western Civilization and Cultural Interaction

B. The Societies of Early Western Civilization

1. Mesopotamia

2. Egypt

3. Anatolia

II. Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E.

A. The Emergence of Cities, 4000–2350 B.C.E.

1. The Cities of Sumer

2. Kings in Sumer

3. Slaves in Sumer

4. The Invention of Writing

II. Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E.

A. The Emergence of Cities, 4000–2350 B.C.E. (cont.)5. Mesopotamian Myths and Religion

II. Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E.

B. Metals and Empire-Making: The Akkadians and the Ur Dynasty, c. 2350–c. 20001. Sargon and Akkadian Empire

2. The Spread of Sumerian Culture

3. The Fall of the Akkadians, c. 2200 B.C.E.

4. Ur III Rulers and Political Instability, 2112–2004 B.C.E.

II. Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E.

C. The Achievements of the Assyrians, Babylonians, and Canaanites, 2000–1000 B.C.E.

1. The Assyrians and Long-Distance Commerce 2. Hammurabi of Babylon and Written Law3. Mesopotamian City Life and Learning4. Canaanites, Commerce, and the Alphabet

III. Egypt, the First Unified Country, 3050–1000 B.C.E.

A. From the Unification of Egypt to the Old Kingdom, 3050–2190 B.C.E.

1. King Narmer (Menes), the Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, and the Old Kingdom

2. Egyptian Agriculture and Demographics

3. Religion and the Authority of the King

III. Egypt, the First Unified Country, 3050–1000 B.C.E.

A. From the Unification of Egypt to the Old Kingdom, 3050–2190 B.C.E. (cont.)

4. Pyramids and the Afterlife

5. Hierarchy and Order in Egyptian Society

III. Egypt, the First Unified Country, 3050–1000 B.C.E.

B. The Middle and New Kingdoms in Egypt, 2061–1081 B.C.E.

1. The Middle Kingdom

2. From Hyksos Rule to the New Kingdom

3. Warrior Pharaohs

III. Egypt, the First Unified Country, 3050–1000 B.C.E.

B. The Middle and New Kingdoms in Egypt, 2061–1081 B.C.E.

4. Religious Tradition and Upheaval

5. Life and Belief in the New Kingdom

IV. The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 B.C.E.

A. The Hittites, 1750–1200 B.C.E.

1. Hittite Origins, Language, and Religion

2. Building the Hittite Kingdom

IV. The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 B.C.E.

B. The Minoans, 2200–1400 B.C.E.

1. Palace Society on Crete2. Mediterranean Polyculture

3. The Interdependent Minoan Economy

III. The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 B.C.E.

C. The Mycenaeans, 1800–1000 B.C.E.

1. Mycenaean Commerce and Culture

2. Mycenaean Interaction with Minoan Crete3. Mycenaean Control of Crete

4. War in Mycenaean Society

III. The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 B.C.E.

D. The Violent End to Early Western Civilization, 1200–1000 B.C.E.

1. The Sea Peoples and Upheavals in the Eastern Mediterranean

2. Conflicts and the Weakening of Mycenaean Civilization