the mammalian circulatory system

8/3/2019 The Mammalian Circulatory System

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b Xvnezrivx - e{xvlkexz' snzxkz' vkzrlvnxiv| cnzkz

b Ji``{eljnxlie miv`iekz

b Xk`rkvnx{vk vkc{gnxlie

b L``{elx| - Smlxk Fgiih Jkggz SFJz,


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> , Ag{lh le smljm `nxkvlngz nvk hlzzigqkh --- FGIIH

6 , Ekxsivo ia x{fkz iv fih| zrnjkz --- FGIIH QKZZKGZ

: , Aivjk aiv `iqlec ag{lhz --- MKNVX


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b [eljkgg{gnv ivcnelz`z {zk xmklv jkgg z{vanjk

b Zrieckz rvirkg zknsnxkv le neh i{x f| jlglnv|

njxlie%

b M|hvn neh rgnenvln gnjo mknvxz neh fgiih qkzzkgz'lezxknh {zk xmklv zole


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b Fgiih lz r{`rkh lexi irke

jnqlxlkz {ehkv gis rvkzz{vk

b

Fgiih `l}kz slxm lexkvzxlxlngag{lh

b Eix kaaljlkex z|zxk` f{x lz

zkke le lezkjxz' zenlgz' nehjv{zxnjknez


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b Fgiih lz ngsn|z

jiexnlekh le fgiih

qkzzkgz

b Fgiih hikzex `l} slxm

lexkvzxlxlng ag{lh

b

@ivk kaaljlkex h{k xianzxkv r{`rlec ia

`nxkvlngz


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b Clqk : a{ejxliez ia n jlvj{gnxiv| z|zxk`9

b Clqk : ji`riekexz ia n jlvj{gnxiv| z|zxk`9

b Hlaakvkejk fkxskke irke neh jgizkh z|zxk`z


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b Fgiih lz n jieekjxlqk

xlzz{k vkgnxkh xi xkehiez.,b Fih| jiexnlez 8-1 G ia fgiih

b ;;+ rgnz`n' 8;+ aiv`kh kgk`kexz jkggz neh

avnc`kexz,

b Xmk + ia vkh fgiih jkggz le fgiih lz jnggkh n

mk`nxijvlx


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b xvnezrivx e{xvlkexz' i}|cke'

jnvfie hli}lhk neh ixmkv qlxng

jmk`ljngz lexi iv i{x ia fih| jkggz

b vkc{gnxk fih| xk`rkvnx{vk' rM

neh ixmkv jmk`ljng gkqkgz le xmk

fih|

b

rviqlhk rvixkjxlie ncnlezx hlzknzkqln xmk l``{ek z|zxk`,


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b N zxvns-jigi{vkh gl~{lh

b


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KV\XMVIJ\XKZ

b vkh fgiih jkggz-VFJz

b glqk ieg| >62 hn|z

b xvnezrivx I6 le {zlecmnkìcgifle 6=2 `lgglie rkv

VFJ,% N mkìcgifle ìgkj{gk

jiexnlez ai{v lvie nxi`z%

b zmnrk `n}l`ltkz z{vanjk nvknb ei e{jgk{z le `nx{vk jkggz


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b Smlxk fgiih jkggz- SFJz

b gkzz e{`kvi{z xmne VFJz > le

322,

b qnvlkx| ia x|rkz

b `nx{vk jkggz rizzkzz iek iv `ivk

e{jgkl

b

ngg fgiih jkggz nvk aiv`kh avi`zxk`jkggzlexmk fiek`nvvis


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b ngzi oeise nz xmvi`fij|xkz

b ieg| jkgg avnc`kexz

b glqk nfi{x >2 hn|z

b vk~{lvkh aiv jgixxlec rvijkzz le jied{ejxlie slxm

jgixxlec rvixklez%

b Fg{k lz rgnxkgkxz' |kggis le alfvle


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b VFJz `n| mnqk zrkjlalj rvixkle `nvokvz ie xmk`

jnggkh nexlckez

b xmkvk slgg ngzi fk zrkjlalj nexlfihlkz rvkzkex le xmk

fgiihb k}n`rgk4 la ne N nexlfih| lz rvkzkex le xmk zkv{`'

xmke ne| VFJz slxm N nexlcke si{gh fk nxxnjokh

f| xmlz nexlfih|

b nexlfih|-nexlcke vknjxlie {z{ngg| vkz{gxz le jgixxlecneh hknxm


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b Smnx nvk xmk xsi ji`riekexz ia fgiih9

b Clqk : ji`riekexz ia aiv`kh kgk`kexz%

b Smnx fgiih x|rkz jne znakg| vkjklqk N x|rk fgiih9

Sm|9


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b @ndiv qkzzkgz

nel`nxlie


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NVXKVLKZ

b xmljo snggkh' `{zj{gnv neh kgnzxlj

b gknh nsn| avi`xmkmknvx

b z`nggkv fvnejmkz jnggkh nvxkvligkzQKLEZ

b xmle snggkh' gkzz `{zj{gnv f{x ~{lxk kgnzxlj

b gknh xisnvhxmkmknvx

b rizzkzz iek-sn| qngqkz


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b Qkei{z qngqkz neh zokgkxng

`{zjgk sivo xickxmkv le n

gis-rvkzz{vk z|zxk` xi

`iqk fgiih fnjo xi xmkmknvx


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b zlecgk jkggkh

b zlxk ia k}jmneck cnzkz'e{xvlkexz' snzxkz,

b VFJz xvnqkg xmvi{cmzlecgk algk

b mlcmg| fvnejmkh

b jieekjx nvxkvligk z|zxk`

xi qkei{z z|zxk`


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NXMKVIZJGKVIZLZb njj{`{gnxlie ia anx hkrizlxz

rgn~{k, ngiec xmk leekv snggz ianvxkvlkz

NVXKVLIZJGKVIZLZb nvxkv| snggz xmljoke' mnvhke neh

gizk xmklv kgnzxljlx|

b fixm jn{zk n hkjvknzk ia fgiihagis' mlcmkv fgiih rvkzz{vkz' nehrizzlfgk fgijonck ia fgiihqkzzkgz%


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b qngqkz le qklez rvkqkex

fnjo agis ia fgiih

b riiv jlvj{gnxlie `n|

jn{zk zi`k qngqkz xi fkhn`nckh neh fgiih

riigz xisnvh xmk akkx

b z{vanjk qklez f{gck

giioz cvizz,


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b Le smnx sn|z hi nvxkvlkz hlaakv avi` qklez9

b Sm| hi jnrlggnvlkz ekkh xi fk zi xmle9

b Clqk iek hlzivhkv knjm aiv nvxkvlkz ! qklez%


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b Jlvj{gnxiv| z|zxk`z nel`nxlie


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b Xmk mknvx lz xmk `ndiv r{`r xmnx `iqkz fgiih

xmvi{cm xmk fih|% Lx jiezlzxz ia8jmn`fkvz'smljm

nvk vkngg| 6 r{`rzxmnx `iqk fgiih le 6 hlaakvkex

hlvkjxliez zl`{gxneki{zg|%


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b Knjm r{`r mnz 6 jmn`fkvz4 ne nxvl{` neh n

qkexvljgk

b Fgiih kexkvz xmk mknvx xmvi{cm xmk nxvl{` -xmle

snggznehgisrvkzz{vk,' smljm xmke r{`rz xmkfgiih lexi xmk qkexvljgk -xmljosnggzneh mlcm

rvkzz{vk,% Xmk qkexvljgk xmke r{`rz xmk fgiih i{x

ia xmk mknvx%


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b Xmk mknvx mnz n hi{fgk jlvj{gnxlie z|zxk`% Xmk

r{g`ienv| jlvj{lx r{`rz fgiih xi xmk g{ecz neh

xmk z|zxk`lj jlvj{lx r{`rz fgiih xi xmk fih|

z|zxk`z l%k% Xmk mknh gl`fz' neh xv{eo,%


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b Xmlz z|zxk` zkrnvnxkz xmk i}|ckenxkh neh xmk

hki}|ckenxkh fgiih%

b Xmk vlcmx qkexvljgk r{`rz fgiih xmvi{cm xmkzmivxkv r{g`ienv| jlvj{lx smlgk xmk gkax qkexvljgk

r{`rz fgiih xmvi{cm xmk gieckv z|zxk`lj jlvj{lx%

Nz n vkz{gx' xmk gkax qkexvljgkz snggz nvk xmljokv neh

zxvieckv%b M{`ne fgiih jlvj{gnxlie agnzm nel`nxli`


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Nzkvlkz iaqngqkz rvkqkexz fgiih avi` agislec le xmksviec hlvkjxlie nz lx lz r{`rkh xmvi{cm xmk mknvx%

Nxvliqkexvlj{gnv NQ, qngqkz nvk gijnxkh fkxskke xmk

nxvln neh qkexvljgkz ie knjm zlhk ia xmk mknvx nehrvkqkex fgiih avi` agislec fnjo xi xmk nxvln naxkv lz mnz

fkke r{`rkh lexi xmk qkexvljgk%


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b Xmk NQ qngqkz nvk jnggkh j{zrlh qngqkz fkjn{zk

xmk| mnqk j{zrz iv agnrz ia xlzz{k% Xmk vlcmx NQ

qngqk mnz : agnrz neh lz jnggkh xmk xvlj{zrlh qngqk%

Xmk gkax NQ qngqk mnz 6 agnrz neh lz jnggkh n flj{zrlhqngqk' f{x lz `ivk ji``ieg| vkakvvkh xi nz xmk

`lxvng qngqk%


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Mknvx zxv{jx{vk neh a{ejxlie ìqlk

Zk`lg{envqngqkz rvkqkex fgiih avi` vk-kexkvlecxmk mknvx naxkv fklec r{`rkh i{x ia xmk qkexvljgkz%

Xmk R{gìenv|qngqklz gijnxkh fkxskke xmk

vlcmx nxvl{` neh xmk r{gìenv| nvxkv|% Xmk nivxlj

qngqklz gijnxkh fkxskke xmk gkax nxvl{` neh xmk

nivxn%


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b Xmk jgizlec ia xmk mknvx qngqkz lz vkzriezlfgk aiv

xmk g{f-h{f zi{eh ia xmk mknvx fknx% Xmk G{f

ziaxkv, ijj{vz smke xmk NQ qngqkz jgizk neh xmk

H{f gi{hkv, ijj{vz smke xmk zk`lg{env qngqkzjgizk%


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Qken JnqnZ{rkvliv neh Leakvliv,

Vkx{ve hki}|ckenxkh fgiih avi` fih|

R{g`ienv| Nvxkv|

Xvnezakvz hki}|ckenxkh fgiih avi` vlcmx qkexvljgk xi g{ecz

R{g`ienv| Qkle

Vkx{vez i}|ckenxkh fgiih avi` g{ecz xi gkax nxvl{`

Nivxn

Xvnezrivxz i}|ckenxkh fgiih avi` gkax qkexvljgk xi fih|

Jivienv| Nvxkvlkzneh Qklez

Z{rrg| i}|ckenxkh fgiih xi mknvx neh vkx{ve hki}|ckenxkh

fgiih xi vlcmx nxvl{`


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Jnvhlnj i{xr{x4 xmk qig{`k ia fgiih r{`rkh f| xmk mknvx'k}rvkzzkh nz `G rkv `le{xk% Lx jne lehljnxk4

b xmk xixng gkqkg ia sivo xmk fih|z `{zjgkz jne rkvaiv`

b mis knzlg| xmk mknvx alggz slxm fgiih

b xmk hlzxkezlflglx| -zxvkxjmlekzz, ia xmk qkexvljgkz

Mknvx vnxkneh zxviok qig{`k -xmk n`i{ex ia fgiih r{`rkh i{x

ia xmk mknvx slxm knjm mknvxfknx, nvk {zkh xi jngj{gnxk jnvhlnj

i{xr{x -0 mknvx vnxk zxviok qig{`k,%

b Jngj{gnxk |i{v nqkvnck jnvhlnj i{xr{x4

b \i{v zxviok qig{`k zmi{gh fk nvi{eh 32 `G


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b Jnvhliqnzj{gnv alxekzz lz xmk jnrnjlx| ia xmk g{ecz' mknvx' neh

fgiih qkzzkgz xi hkglqkv i}|cke xi sivolec `{zjgkz%

b Neixmkv ciih lehljnxiv ia jnvhliqnzj{gnv alxekzz lz xmk gkecxm

ia xl`k lx xnokz xmk mknvx xi vkx{ve xi lxz vkzxlec mknvx vnxk naxkv

zxvke{i{z k}kvjlzk%

Sm| si{gh lehlqlh{ng J fk jiezlhkvkh xi fk xmk `izx alx9 Smnx anjxivz

hkxkv`lek xmlz9


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b N{xi`nxlj Vkc{gnxlieiaxmk Mknvxb Kgkjxvljng jieh{jxlie z|zxk` ia xmk mknvx qlhki

b [eglok zokgkxng `{zjgkz smljm jiexvnjx qig{exnvlg|' jnvhlnj `{zjgk jiexvnjxz

n{xi`nxljngg|% Knjm ia xmk jnvhlnj `{zjgk jkggz mnz lxz ise lexvlezlj

jiexvnjxlie vnxk% N f{ehgk ia zrkjlngltkh `{zjgk xlzz{k jnggkh xmk zlei-nxvlng

eihk ' neh ji``ieg| vkakvvkh xi nz xmk rnjk-`nokv' zkxz xmk jiexvnjxlie

vm|xm` ia xmk mknvx%

b Jiexvnjxlie ia xmk mknvx ijj{vz le hlzxlejx zxnckz smljm rvih{jk kgkjxvljng

l`r{gzkz% Xmkzk l`r{gzkz jne fk hkxkjxkh {zlec ne kgkjxvijnvhlicvn`

KJC,% Nz xmk mknvx jiexvnjxz' n rnxxkve ia snqkz R' ^' V' Z, jne fk zkke%

Xmk snqkz jivvkzrieh xi zrkjlalj zxnckz ia xmk mknvx#z jiexvnjxlie%


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b Jiexvnjxlie ia xmk mknvx fkclez smke xmk ZN eihk zkehz ne kgkjxvljng

l`r{gzk xmnx zrvknhz iqkv xmk xsi nxvln' jn{zlec xmk` fixm xi jiexvnjx% Xmlz

jivvkzriehz xi xmk R snqk ia xmk KJC%

b Xmk zlceng vknjmkz neixmkv f{ehgk ia alfvkz jnggkh xmk nxvliqkexvlj{gnv eihk%

Mkvk xmk zlceng rn{zkz xi `nok z{vk xmk nxvln nvk ji`rgkxkg| k`rxlkh ia

fgiih% Xmlz jivvkzriehz xi xmk gkxxkv^ ie xmk KJC xvnjlec%


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b Xmk zlceng xvnqkgz xmvi{cm xmk F{ehgk ia Mlz hise xmk zkrx{` ia xmk mknvx

neh {r xmk R{voledlk Alfvkz' jn{zlec fixm qkexvljgkz xi fkcle jiexvnjxlec

avi` xmk fixxi` {r%

b Fixm qkexvljgkz ji`rgkxkg| k`rx| xmk`zkgqkz ia ngg fgiih% Xmlz jivvkzriehz

xi xmk gkxxkvV ie xmk KJC xvnjlec%


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Xmk mknvx vnxk jne fk lejvknzkh

iv hkjvknzkh {zlec &ler{x&

akkhfnjo zlcengz, avi` xmk fih|%

Le vkzriezk xi rm|zljng

njxlqlx|'xmk `kh{ggnifgiecnxn

jne zkeh zlcengz xmvi{cm ekvqkz

smljm jn{zk jmk`ljngz xi fk

vkgknzkh lexi xmk fgiih nehxvlcckv n jmneck le xmk mknvx vnxk%


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b Jiexvnjxlie ia xmk qkexvljgkz rvirkgz fgiih lexi

xmk nvxkvlkz' jn{zlec lx xi nrrg| n aivjk ncnlezx

xmk nvxkvlng snggz% Xmk rvkzz{vk k}kvxkh f| fgiih

ncnlezx xmk snggz ia n qkzzkg lz jnggkh Fgiih

Rvkzz{vk


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b Xmk mlcmkzx fgiih rvkzz{vk le xmk fih| lz

ckekvnxkh f| xmk jiexvnjxlie ia xmk gkax qkexvljgk

nz lx aivjkz fgiih xisnvhz xmk xlzz{k ia xmk fih|%

Xmlz ijj{vz h{vlec qkexvlj{gnv z|zxigk neh lzjnggkh z|zxiglj rvkzz{vk%

b Xmk giskzx rvkzz{vk ijj{vz l``khlnxkg| fkaivk

xmk qkexvljgkz jiexvnjx hlnzxigk, neh lz jnggkh

xmk hlnzxiglj rvkzz{vk%


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b Fgiih rvkzz{vk lz eiv`ngg| vkjivhkh nz xmk vnxli

iaz|zxiglj rvkzz{vk)hlnzxiglj rvkzz{vkia xmk

fvnjmlng nvxkv| nv`,% Xmk rvkzz{vkz nvk `knz{vkh

le xmk eie ZL {elx ``Mc `lggl`kxvkz ia `kvj{v|,%

b Xmk fgiih rvkzz{vkz ia n mkngxm| |i{ec nh{gx nvk

x|rljngg| >62 ``Mcz|zxiglj rvkzz{vkneh =2

``Mchlnzxiglj rvkzz{vk' vkrvkzkexkh nz xmk

vnxli >62 ``Mc)=2 ``Mc


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b Fgiih Rvkzz{vk lz hkxkv`lekh f| xsi

anjxivz4

Jnvhlnji{xr{x xmk n`i{ex ia fgiih fklec r{`rkh

f| xmk mknvx

} Hkxkv`lekh f| jnvhlnj i{xr{x zxviok qig{`k

Rkvlrmkvngvkzlzxnejk xmk vkzlzxnejk xi fgiih agis

Mis jne fgiih rvkzz{vk fk lejvknzkh9


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b M|rkvxkezlie fgiih rvkzz{vk jiezlzxkexg| nfiqk

>82)


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b Jivienv| Nvxkv| Hlzknzk mnvhkelec ia xmk

nvxkvlkz xmnx z{rrg| fgiih xi xmk mknvx

b Neclen jmkzx rnle xmnx ijj{vz smke xmk mknvx

`{zjgkz hikz eix ckx kei{cm fgiih

b Mknvx Nxxnjo ijj{vz smke fgiih xi z{rrg| xi rnvx

ia xmk mknvx lz hlzv{rxkh' olgglec mknvx xlzz{k? `n|

mnrrke smke jgixz hkqkgir nx xmk zlxk ia rgn~{kz


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b Fgiih rvkzz{vklz `knz{vkh {zlec n

zrm|c`i`nei`kxkv iv fgiih rvkzz{vk j{aa% Xmk

fgiih rvkzz{vk j{aa jiezlzxkh ia ne leagnxnfgk j{aa

neh n x{fk ia `kvj{v| jieekjxkh xi n rvkzz{vk

cn{ck%

the mammalian circulatory system

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