the mandate of heaven ming exploration and isolation qing glory and decline china the dynastic cycle
TRANSCRIPT
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THE MANDATE OF HEAVENMING EXPLORATION AND ISOLATION
QING GLORY AND DECLINE
CHINATHE DYNASTIC CYCLE
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THE MANDATE OF HEAVEN
• Emperor rules by the grace of Heaven• Emperor has rights and responsibilities• Must do a good job • Gave the emperor legitimacy• Gave the people the right to rebel • Similar to Divine Right of Kings• But, not dependent on social class• Passed on by Emperor
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Dynastic Cycle
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THE QING MANCHU RULE
Adopted a Chinese Embraced
ConfucianismBut kept apart from
the HanNo inter-marriageAll men wore
“queues”Women did not bind
feet
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KANG XI1661 - 1722
Emperor Kang XiScholarlyOpen to Western IdeasTutored by Fr. VerbiestScientific knowledge
strengthened his reignBrought stability and
prosperityProblems with son
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TROUBLE WITH THE WESTERN BARBARIANS
Imbalance of TradeBrits don’t want to
pay with silverFlood China with
opiumOpium Wars (1839-
42)“Unequal treaties”Hong Kong to BritsWesterners takeover
“treaty ports”
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SPHERES OF INFLUENCE
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Spheres of Influence
Treaty Ports – Chinese cities controlled by foreigners
Extraterritoriality – foreign nationals not subject to Chinese law
China is too weak to enforce its own laws within its own country
Loss of sovereigntyOpen Door Policy – US position that all countries
should have equal access to the China trade (1899)
US wants a piece of the pie
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CI XIThe Grand Empress Dowager
Concubine at 16Only one to bear a
sonTitle “Mother of
Emperor”1861 Emperor DiesCo-regent for her sonHas a powerful loverRules from “behind
the throne” for Tong Zhi
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1860’s Time of Great Unrest
Taiping RevoltCharismatic Leader -
Hong XiuquanRallies the People Controls large areas of
China20 Million DeadDecline of the QingHave the Qing lost the
Mandate of HeavenPut down by Foreigners
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Decline of the Qing
Tong Xi Dies1875 Guang Xu (age 4)Ci Xi continues as
regentManipulative
Ineffective rulerSpends $ for modern
navy on Summer Palace
Does not deal with problems
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100 Days of Reform
1895 Sino-Japanese War
China humiliatedLoss of TaiwanLoss of tribute1898 Guang Xu
asserts himselfReforms:
Modern industry Military Education Government
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The Boxer Rebellion
“Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fist”
Alarmed by Western influence and control
Loss of land and treasure
Missionaries threatened Chinese culture
Attacked foreigners55 days of fightingPut down by western
armies