the marriage index
TRANSCRIPT
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The Marriae Ine
INSTITUTE
FOR
AMERICAN
VALUESEST. 1988
A Proposal to Establish Leading Marriage Indicators
197076.2
199065.5
200062.0
198070.8
200860.3
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Design by Alma Phipps Associates
2009, Isi fr Ari Vls Nil
Cr Afri Ari Mrrigs Prig. N
rri f rils i ri is ri
z.
ISBN# 1-931764-16-6
F ddt p, t www.americanvalues.org
r www.hamptonu.edu/ncaamp/, r
Isi fr Ari Vls. 1841 Bry, Si 211,
N Yrk, NY 10023. l: 212.246.3942. Fx: 212.541.6665.
c.1 t t t, 1
, 1 1
t. 1 - -
. .c
. .c
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CONTENTS
T M Ix
Wy W N M Ix
W A A L M I?
Cb
N, S, E
H C You U M Ix?
A A M Ix
H C W I A C S 60.3?
CHARTS
SECTIONS
05
25
06
07
13
22
26
27
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5
1970
1990
2000
2008
76.2
70.8
65.5
6
2.0
60.3
Five Leain
Marriae Inicators
Combine U.S. Score
THE MARRIAgE INdExMonitoring the Nations Leading Marriage Indicators
1980
78.6
69.1
19
70
1980
1990
2000
200819
70
1980
1990
2000
2008
67.0
67.5
62.065
.0
62.0
1970
1980
2008
77.4
71.5
2000
59.9 6
1.2
1990
n/a
62.4
61.0
57.2
Percentae of
Aults Marrie(aes 20-54)
Percentae of First
Marriaes Intact
(aes 20-59)
1970
198
0
1990
2000
2008
89.3
81.6
72.0
66.8
60.3
Percentae of Births
to Marrie Parents
1970
1980
1990
2
000
2008
68.7
64.2
62.6
60.5
61.0
Percentae
of Chilren
Livin with Own
Marrie Parents
Percentae of
Marrie Persons
Ver Happ with
Their Marriae
(aes 18 an up)
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6
WHy WE NEEdA MARRIAgE INdEx
Wht hp th t t th, dd d ty? My
? A ?
Hrs k: A lrg by f rsr sggss
-bat least
.
Bt d th pzz. Why d fy d dy
bz economic, y , y b marriage
, y y y ?
I r s, iss v vl s f Lig
Ei Iirsfl, rflly s srs
U.S. y. T
dt y ptd by t d by th bd pb bth
t d ptt. A t, they matter. W d bt th
bliis r b V. Pliy krs ii
hp py ttt t th. If thy p, td t j.
I y , , k, W ?
Bt ht bt ttd ty t th hth f ?
T no q . W ,
s f y, v grlly lig srs,r v f ss s srs (v if didgr
) y -b
lliv rss. As rsl, vr gr v ,
thy ty donttt h. T b f , p, d
ly-gr s f lig rrig iirs rvs s
f f y th hth f A. Cqty,
liy krs ii lrs rrly s r b rrig
, .
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7
H dd. T tt hd h. Ad t can h. A
bpt p f h d d h fy dpd t f
Ld M Idtfdt, -h t
y
U.S. .
Wy U.S. M Ix?
Because unless we know where we are, and why that matters,
we cant know where to go.
Because no social progress is possible without widely shared, trackable goals.
Because or any society that cares about its uture, leading marriage indicators are asimportant as leading economic indicators.
WHAT ARE AMERICASLEAdINg MARRIAgEINdICATORS?
1. Percentage o Adults Married
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ttt tth, k th pt f dt h d
.
B y y y 20
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. F, y
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d, pt, hd hbtd.[1] Cy, y dt d
20-24 -, /
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sig b l f rrigjs s li i r
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8
g yg ls l sggs sig b
.
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25 y . W y 22-25
il rryig g fr vry, i s sggs , rry
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, y
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y y 25 .[3]
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b
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bby b
.
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y ky . I
1970, 78.6 pt f dt 20-54 d. I 2008, t dppd
57.2 .
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ky . I b y
ivr, il srvys sisly s yg l y
b b
t.[4] T dt tht dt hbt tdy
th fty y . I 1960 th U.S., th 439,000 hbt
. I 2007 6.4 .[5] B b
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9
ky bk ,
gr si i rrig r xs r sil
k ,[6]
k th p qt: d t t tt hbtt
, q b
y?
2. Percentage o Married Persons Very Happy with Teir Marriage
Mt qty t th hth f t y. T t
b: y bby !
T s y b r sbl: i s likfr g r illbt dt d hd tht ppd t . Idd,
th hhd y t th fdt: h pt t
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by y b y
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.[7] T, , qy
rrig is r js riv rlisi b
t dtt d tht h pt f hd
-b.
k t qty pd th bt th tt f
ttt. A tt pt t, f ttbt
ris f ivr i ls svrl s ily f
ily rri ls v fr brrirs ivr, ril
qty f th d ppt hd .[8] H,il lvlig i ls , ril qliy lly declined
rly i ls svrl s, fr 67 r i 1970 62
2000 y .
Why th ht d? A Uty f x fy t
Nrvl Gl sggss, li i ril iss is likly
i r li f il f ril r [9] ry
b t by d. Std d tht t
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10
ppt f th ttt f td th t
iss;[10] sss, rilrly sbs, r r likly
f th p f thy h t tt t ;[11]
b
ty xp hppy th th h pp d.
[12] Cy, qy .
3. Percentage o First Marriages Intact
Mrrig ivis rs lk fr ll-big f r
. W y
f dt , f tth d tht dd p t t hpp th d p,[13] d
td , th hd xp db hdhp. S
y t hp th hth f t th ppt
U.S. .
A th th t dt, t t tt
f ri ri f li, is i 20-59 yr ls. (T
U.S. Css Brs g brks fr is iir il 50-59y .) A, b bby
b ppt th ppt f dd p, hh
x - .
O th dt, d tht 1970, 77.4 pt f t
tt, h y 61.2 pt tt 2007. H,
b y .
F 17.5 1970-2000,b y y . S ,
f tb tht t y d fth can
.
4. Percentage o Births to Married Parents
At t , t t dt pp t b y fd
hdhh b th qt: hy dt 2/5 f M Idx
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11
t hd? T p tht th t t dt
just: y, y k b
. A
t , ttt tht, h t k, t
dd php th tt f th d ppt th
hp p tht t f th x f t pp. Y,
f th d f tt thpbt d
b by reducing
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and, y x
k k. O
j .
S h kd t dt y k t dd
tt t txt hh hd h. A
py h, h t pd d h f hd,
y b
ilr fr r fily srrs.[14] T r i ls fr
s, vr, s b r ilr r br si f
rrig. T sisis r srikig: i 1970, 89.3 r f ilr
b . y 60.3 .
M hd tdy b t hbt -pt h.
Wht th pt f hd -b? B hbtt
d -pt f td t b h tb t th
, hd b td f dk td t b ddtd
pt. F t, tdy fd tht 50 pt f hd bt hbt p th pt d by , pd
15 b .[15] A y
k by y
i bvirl rbls i ilr s yg s g 3.[16] S il
f th tt ty t hd,
y b .
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13
HOW CAN WE IMPROVEAMERICAS CURRENT
SCORE OF 60.3?101 Ideas from David Blankenhorn & Linda Malone-Coln*
Mk y1.
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y.
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k
b.
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y .
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14
Pbli riv rgizis l l bli l11.
b
tt fth py ptt th hd f t
b.
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by k.
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li bs s fr rrig
y b?
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y .
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.
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.
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f fy f. T y f f, hd-ppt, d -
fdy hbhd d t b pptd d pttd t y .
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15
Ey b A, 22.
pd jb pptt f y , py py
y , jb y ky
y b .
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, k
,
b .
Lik vy fr ilr vy fr rrig. Wil24.
dt btt p f hd, t tht hd
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Mk b y b 26.
.
Dp btt tt f tt d dt b d27.
y b.
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y.
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f U.S. li skig rrig i rrig
y/.
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rgrs i rr r ifri skills
b y .
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sl rril. Il rsig f isril rs f
, t dbty t f hd, d ty, , , q.
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16
Dp btt pd hby pt b fd bt,33.
d h pt t, ht th th hd bt
, , y .
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, y
.
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.
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isiis (rilrly Blk rs llgs) r Bk .
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.
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-
.
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- .
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.
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.
Oz t t Cty M P44.
r iy rrsis fr rig rril
rrig i fr skig i vi fr
.Crs sl ji i gvr, rk, r45.
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17
ttt f ty t h tt tq f d
y.
C , , 46.
y .
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y y .
Cvy ll brs f yr grgi rrig is 48.
js riv r, b bl ris bfr G
y.
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srgig rrig i U.S. ss f rsi i
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y .
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irr bs slrsi rrig filis i
.
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i f fily frgi ilr siy, r .
C q 53.
py k d ppd dt t hth
k .
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d th t, h dd f,
x ris, srr iig ris, ls s - .
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irsig frl fig fr rrig i sr
- .
Wk , , 56.
p dd hh-qty d thp dt t
b .
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18
Wk th tt t t d y d by f57.
ivr ls, ririly by biig lgr iig ris fr
ivr i srgr rvisis fr fily rs rfr ls
.
Erg liy krs rvi il-rj fig fr58.
y .
Mk k - 59.
bli liy gls f rig vry irsig il ll-
b.
Mk th tht ppt d th pb t60.
.
M th t f pb py d pb p th tbty61. qy .
E - A by 62.
y l-i l srs il lss
isi rry (slly rg lss f bs) is lglly
ttd t pyt tx dt f th fd t q
.
Ct b-bb C M hd th d63. , b b b
fr f rrig i U.S. sblisig il gls fr
L M I.
Ct ty d th tx bt f pt h t64.
y y .
Ct dt dt h, t b d f hh h,65.
t, , dt, ptdt dt, b trs lv i lbr fr fr ri f i r
.
A rrig ssg -rgy rvi rgrs,66.
dt t bt h th bt txt hh
.
I C x C $1,000 $5,000 .67.
Rf h p t pt fy ft by dp68.
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19
il rjs ii bli sig ll rri frs f
f- f t pb h th th f
18 .
Rgiz ig rs f fily frgi is69.
xrriry ss xyrs rig s ss
rg s frl rrig-srgig rgrs is
.
I b y y y.70.
C x b71.
lgl bli liy slis iss f s-sx is,
vlig rs sli rig r i l
b ky .Igr rrig i i rgrs r by fily72.
.
Rf t-td d dt d dt p73.
s y sk fili riliis, rr rly
x .
F 74.
gl f b rig ivr riy andrvigy .
O ( dt) d tpfy dt khp75.
b
.
C - -y .76.
Pr lgl bris f rrig, lrly isigisig77.
.I y, x y, 78.
, , .
I b b 79.
d dt dt tht ty
.
Ld d bt pb p- f, d80.
v rrig, llbriv ivr, kig l s
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20
bsis fr ivr i lg-r rrigs rrigs i
hd, d q bf t d th
.
Ex b81.
ht ( fth p d th ) d th ht t k
b .
R t td fy , h hd tdy,82.
i, ivr, i y r rig ril
by.
T Nt Ct f Hth Sttt, th Nt Ittt f83.
H, N I M H, b
k yz y.
Flly rssss rr s-frl Cil Sr84.
Eft P, k h pb t ft t py
b .
T Pdt f th Utd Stt hd bf pt85.
.
Expd dt d ptdt t pptt t86.y.
E t k thpt t d th pt87.
.
Edt th thpt ty th bt f d88.
k .
C b - 89.
h dp dt d f k th dtd.
Fily riss slrs sl l ls iify 90.
ky p pt , h th bth f t hd,
.
I il xbks r slrly rk, r rrig91.
s bsi sil isii i y isis, rr
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21
x y, y, f pyh thpt
.
Erg yr il filiy r rrig rig92.
i rgrs s s B C fr N Ds r
B P P.
Fr rri ls i ilr , i fr vrll93.
i i ly s x sixy rs
k.
Cr rsl liis rk virs rs 94.
.
Assr lys y ls ir l rr95.
y k y .Ct p p d k t tht pt pt96.
. F , jb
r bs fr sr r ( six s) rl lv,
jb rfrs r bs, s s gr r-ry
b, - ( y)
.
R y 97. .
Erg jrlis rrig fily lif s rfssil98.
y k .
F z b 99.
by, z y y
thk bt th kd f p thy ht y, d tht thy
jy b b .100. Md zt hd th p t pt pt
, y Bk A.
101. L y p d hd, h d
!
*Tese 101 ideas are oered by Daid Blankenhorn and Linda Malone-Coln, and do not
necessarily represent the iews o the scholarly contributors to this Marriage Index.
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22
HOW CAN yOU USETHE MARRIAgE INdEx?
1. Publicize this Index:
Wt tt t th dt, bt p-d t pp, t
z j
L M I.
Sh th Idx th y ty, , , d
k.
2. Institutionalize this Index:
Py k, , y: P
ir Mrrig Ix yr llgs xli
.
Erg yr rks blis lly rvi
M Ix.
3. Customize this Index:
Ctz t f pt th, , ty
f xp, th Af A M Idx p 25.
Csiz i fr rilr ggril r, s s s
(.. M M Ix) (.. M
M Ix).
4. Mobilize to improve Americas Index score o 60.3:
Pk 101
60.3, k y .
J ppt zt dtd py t tth
U S.
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23
5. Visualize a nation that improves its Leading Marriage Indicators so that each year:
A z ,y
&A
.
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25
50.8
45.4
AFRICAN AMERICANMARRIAgE INdEx
Monitoring the Nations Leading
Marriage Indicators for African Americans
1970
1990
2000
2008
64.0
54.2
40.4
41.6
39.6
Five Leain
Marriae Inicators
Combine U.S. Score1980
1970
1980
1990
2000
2008
69.7
64.1
49.5
n/a 50
.1
1970
1980
2008
62.
4
43.9
2000
31.51
990
33.5
28.4
Percentae of
Marrie Persons
Ver Happ with
Their Marriae
(aes 18 an up)
Percentae of First
Marriaes Intact
(aes 20-59)
Percentae
of Chilren
Livin with
Own Marrie
Parents
1970
1980
1990
2000
2008
n/a
n/a
34.8
29.7
29.0
Percentae of Births
to Marrie Parents
70.3
53.5
55.0
5
3.8
1970
1970
1980
1980
1990
1990
2000
2000
2008
20
08
42.8
54.3
39.6
Percentae of
Aults Marrie
(aes 20-54)
48.0
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(aliations are listed or identication purposes only)
D Bk,Institute or American Values
Ob Cy,Morehouse College Research Institute
N D. G, Uniersity o exas at Austin
R Hk, Brookings Institution
Rb H, ormer chair o the U.S. Bureau o the Census
Adisory Committee on the Afican American Population
C K,Heritage Foundation
L M-C, Te National Center on Afican American
Marriages and Parenting, Hampton Uniersity
H Mk, Uniersity o Denver
Ezb Mq, Institute or American Values
D P,Rutgers Uniersity (Emeritus)
S Sy, Uniersity o Denver
R W,National Fatherhood InitiatieW. B Wx,National Marriage Project, Uniersity o Virginia
Researchers:
D L,Institute or American Values
Ax Rb,Institute or American Values
Te scholarly contributors and sponsoring organizations are grateul
to Chuck Stetson or his generous nancial support.
CONTRIBUTORS
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NOTES, SOURCES,ANd ENdNOTES:
Notes:
R M Ix, 2008 b. D1.
fr Prg f Firs Mrrigs I is fr 2004 Prg f
B M P 2007.
Rd th M Idx, Pt f Md P Vy Hppy th2.
T M, 1970: D 1973, y b b.
Rd th M Idx, Pt f Chd L th T O3.Mrri Prs: W il ilr livig i ir iv r
. T j
thy b hd, d t t, hd d dpt,
tt d hhd f jt hd d b, tt
rri sls. Ty r, vr, s r likly sr fr
y y b . S W. B
Wx Rb F W, B Bby: A, M,
Bs Irss f Cil, William & Mary Bill o Rights Journal14 (2006): 883-908.
F f th d ptd H C W Ip A Ct4.
S f 60.3?, Bkh d M-C tf t d
tbt f h d. S Ld M-C,Responding to the
Black Marriage Crisis, Rh Bf N. 6 (N Yk: Ittt f A
V, J 2007). Ld M-C d Ax Rbt,Marriage and the
Well-Being o Afican American Boys, Rh Bf N. 2 (N Yk: Ittt
f A V, Nb, 2006). Marriage and the Law: A Statement o
Principles (N Yk: Ittt f A V, 2006). L Bk,
t. ., Te Consequences o Marriage or Afican Americans (N Yk: Ittt
f A V, 2005). Can Government Strengthen Marriage (N Yk:
N F I, I M Pb Py,
Ittt f A V, 2004). What Next or the Marriage Movement?
(N Yk: I A V, 2004). Te Marriage Movement:
A Statement o Principles (N Yrk: Isi fr Ari Vls, 2000).
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28
urning the Corner on Father Absence in Black America (N Yk: Mh
Rh Ittt d Ittt f A V, 1999). Dd Pp, J
Bthk Eht, d Dd Bkh,Promises to Keep: Decline and Renewal
o Marriage in America (L, MD: R & Lill, 1996.) Ck
D d Ptk F, x th N St Pk d th NC, Fy Rh C (http://.f./t.f?=IS09A03).
Te Course o rue Love: Marriage in High School extbooks (N Yk: Ittt
f A V, 1998). Ay A. K d L R. K, Wing to Wing, Oar
to Oar: Readings on Courting and Marrying(N D: Uy N
D Prss, 2000). Nrvl Gl Elizb Mrqr, Hooking Up,
Hanging Out, and Hoping or Mr. Right: College Women on Dating and Mating
oday (N Yk: I A V, 2001). Bj S, Te
axpayer Costs o Diorce and Unwed Childbearing: First-Eer Estimates or the
Nation and All Fify States (N Yrk: Isi fr Ari Vls, 2008).
Hardwired to Connect: Te New Scientic Case or Authoritative Communities
(N Yrk: Isi fr Ari Vls, 2003). Li J. Wi Mggi
G, Te Case or Marriage: Why Married People Are Happier, Healthier,
and Better O Financially (N Yk: Dbdy, 2000). Dd Bkh, Te
Future o Marriage (N Yk: Et, 2007.) Dd Bkh,Fatherless
America: Confonting Our Most Urgent Social Problem (N Yk: HpC,
1995). W. B Wx Jy D,Protectors or Perpetrators?: Fathers,
Mothers, and Child Abuse and Neglect, Rh Bf N. 7 (N Yk: Ittt
A V, 2008). W J. Dy, T R Pyy,
Marriage in America: A Communitarian Perspectie, by M K
Wy (L, MD: R Lill, 2000). D S. Brig
.,From Culture Wars to Common Ground: Religion and the American Family
Debate (L: W J Kx P, 2000). J S. W
l., Te Unexpected Legacy o Divorce: 25 Year Landmark Study (N Yrk:
Hy, 2000).
R A A M Ix, 2008 5.
vilbl. D fr Prg f Firs Mrrigs I is fr 2004
P B M P 2007.
Rd th Af A M Idx, Pt f Md P6.
Vy Hppy th T M, h y pt th f t y.
T b b b ,
y y .
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29
T y : 1970 1973-1974; 1980
vrg f 1980-1982; 1990 vrg f 1990-1992; 2000 vrg f
2000-2002; 2008 2006-2008.
Sources or Te Marriage Index:1. percentage of adults ma rr ied (ages 20-54). Pt
f p 20-54 h d. U.S. B f th C, Mt Stt
Sbj R, PC (2)-4C, Census o Population: 1970 (1972), 1-4; U.S. B
f Css, Mril Crrisis Sbj Rr, PC 80-2-4C, Census
o Population: 1980 (1985), 1-2; U.S. Br f Css, Grl Pli
Chtt, CP-1-1, Census o Population: 1990 (1991), 45; U.S. B f th
Css, Crr Pli Rrs, Sris P-20, N. 537,Americas Families
and Living Arrangements: March 2000 (2001), 11; U.S. Br f Css,Crr Pli Sr vy, Aris Filis Livig Arrgs:
2008, bl A1, All Rs (://.ss.gv/li/s/-
/2008/bA1-.x).
2. percentage of mar ried persons very happy with
their ma rri age (ages 18 and up). Pt f d p y
y . G S Sy, S C R N.
53, Changes in Family Structure, Family Values, and Politics, 1972-2006(2008),
33; Grl Sil Srvy (GSS), 2008, -il rrs i GSS s,
Jy 7, 2009.
3. percentage of fir st ma rr iages in tact (ages 20-59).
Pt f -d 20-59 t t . U.S. B
C, M S Sbj R, PC (2)-4C, Census o Population:
1970 (1972), 7-12; U.S. Br f Css, Mril Crrisis Sbj
R, PC 80-2-4C, Census o Population: 1980 (1985), 3-5; U.S. B
C, Ct Ppt Rpt, S P-70, N. 97,Number, iming, andDuration o Marriage and Diorces: 2001 (2005), 7; U.S. B C,
Sy f I P d Ptpt, Nb, , d Dt
M D: 2004, b 3, A R (://../
//-/2004/b3.2004.x).
4. percentage of births to ma rr ied parents. Pt
b . C D Bk, Percentage
o Births to Unmarried Women, b 1, (http://.hdtddtbk./
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30
bls/75_bl_1.); Nil Vil Sisis Rrs, Vl. 57, N. 12,Births:
Preliminary Data or 2007 (2009), 13.
5. percentage of children livi ng with own mar ri ed
parents. Bs vrsis i U.S. Css Br s brs,
k fr ri vrig 1970-1980 Css Br i il
thp f hd t th pt. T, th pt f th y
tt. Dt f 1970 t th pt f hd h d
p f h th hbd d f h b d . It th y
ils ilr r br f lk v rri sr,
. I
t d dptd hd. Dt f 1980 t Hdz tt bd
b . I . F
1990-2008, pt f hd d 18 h th th t d b
, . (2001
2000 1991 1990.) U.S. B C, 1970 C
P, V. II, 4B,Persons by Family Characteristics, (1973), b 1 8;
D J. Hz,Americas Children: Resources fom Family, Government, and
the Economy (N Yk: R S F, 1993), 64-65 ( 17
p. 64); Ct Ppt Rpt, S P-70-38, Te Dierse Liing Arrangements
o Children: Summer 1991 (1994), 3-4; C P R, S P-70, N.
104,Living Arrangements o Children: 2001, (2005), 3; U.S. Br f Css,Crr Pli Srvy, Aris Filis Livig Arrgs: 2008,
b C9, A R (http://../ppt/d/hh-f/p2008/
bC9-.x)
Sources or the Afican American Marriage Index:
1. percentage of adults ma rr ied (ages 20-54). P
Bk 20-54 . U.S. B C, M S
Sbjt Rpt, PC (2)-4C, Census o Population: 1970 (1972), 27-30; U.S. B f th
C, M C Sbj R, PC 80-2-4C, Census o Population:
1980 (1985), 13-14; U.S. Br f Css, Grl Pli Crrisis,
CP-1-1, Census o Population: 1990 (1991), 45; U.S. Br f Css, Crr
P Sy, A F L A: 2000, b A1,
p 19 (http://../ppt/d/hh-f/p20-537/2000/tbA1.
f); Crr Pli Srvy, Aris Filis Livig Arrgs:
2008, b A1, Bk A (http://../ppt/d/hh-f/
2008/bA1-bk.x).
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31
2. percentage of ma rr ied persons v ery happy with
their marriage (ages 18 and up). P Bk
y y . G S Sy.
3. percentage of first marr iages intact (ages 20-59).
Pt f -d Bk 20-59 t t . U.S. B
f th C, Mt Stt Sbjt Rpt, PC (2)-4C, Census o Population: 1970
(1972), 33-38 ; U.S. Br f Css, Mril Crrisis Sbj Rr,
PC 80-2-4C, Census o Population: 1980 (1985), 15-17; U.S. Br f Css,
Srvy f I Prgr Priii, Nbr, iig, Dri
f Mrrigs Divrs: 2001, bl 3, Blk Al (://.ss.gv/
li/s/ril-is/70-97/b01-blk.x ls); Srvy f I
Prgr Priii, Nbr, iig, Dri f Mrrigs
D: 2004, b 3, Bk A (http://../ppt/d/
-/2004/b3-bk.x).
4. percentage of births to mar ried paren ts. P
Bk b . C D Bk, Percentage
o Births to Unmarried Women, bl 1, (://.ilrsbk.rg/
bls/75_bl_1.); Nil Vil Sisis Rrs, Vl. 57, N. 12,Births:
Preliminary Data or 2007 (2009), 6.
5. percentage of childre n liv ing with own mar ri ed
parents. Bs vrsis i U.S. Css Br s brs,
k fr ri vrig 1970-1980 Css Br i il
. M, b
b b Bk
th t pd. F 1990-2008, pt f Bk hd d 18 h th
ir rri bilgil rs, r liv i ir iv r
. (2001 2000 1991 1990.) U.S. B
f Css, Crr Pli Rrs, Sris P-70-38, Te Diverse LivingArrangements o Children: Summer 1991 (1994), 3-4; U.S. Br f Css,
C P Sy, P-70, N. 104,Liing Arrangements o Children: 2001
(2005), 3; U.S. B f th C, Ct Ppt Sy, A F
d L At: 2008, b C9, Bk A (http://../
//-/2008/bC9-bk.x).
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33
12. P R. At d Sty J. R, D Atttd d D At
M Qy, Journal o Family Issues 20, N. 1 (1999): 84-85.
13. Wx t ., Why Marriage Matters,1516; Ld J. Wt d M
Gh, he Case or Marriage: Why Married People Are Happier, Healthier,
and Better O Financially (N Yk: Dby, 2000), 67-68.
14. W G, Te Case or Marriage, 124; Wx ., Why
Marriage Matters, 14.
15. Wx ., Why Marriage Matters, 13.
16. Cyi Osbr Sr ML, Prrsi Isbiliy
C W-B,Journal o Marriage and Family 69, (2007): 1075-1076.
17. T Slrly Csss Mrrig, Cr fr Mrrig F F S N. 2 (N Yk: I A V, 2006).
18. Wx ., Why Marriage Matters, 12.
19. S MLh d Gy Sdf, Growing Up with a Single Parent:
What Hurts, What Helps (Cb: H UP, 1994), 58.
20. ML S, Growing Up with a Single Parent, 70-71.
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T Iu A Vu is r, ris rgizi
y ky A . T I b
gr lig slrs fr rss sis rss liil
sr fr irisiliry libri, llbriv rsr, ji bli
. Wk z, I b y
d h t th ttt f py k t, p hp
th d, d d f ty. T Ittt pt t p thh
r Crs Cr fr Mrrig Filis, J l Cr
T Gy, C Ij/R.
1841 By, S 211, N Yk ,NY 10023.
: 212-246-3942. Fx: 212.541.6665.
Wb: www.americanvalues.org .
T N C A A M Pis
i rsfrig rrigs, rig rs, srgig
f Af A d th t. Ltd t Hpt Uty,
NCAAMP sks i rilr srg filis i Afri Ari
ty by hp Af A t kd, k, d th
qd f bd d t hthy d pt t
. T C x D. L M-C.
238 M L K H, H Uy, H, VA 23668
: 757-728-4912 or 757-727-5301. Fx: 757.728.4903.
E: @hamptonu.edu .
Wb: www.hamptonu.edu/ncaamp/
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INSTITUTE
FOR
AMERICAN
VALUESEST. 1988
TheMarriae
IneA Proposal to Establish
Leading Marriage Indicators
1841 Bdy, St 211N Yk, NY 10023T: (212) 246-3942
Fx: (212) 541-6665E: [email protected]
Wb: www.americanvalues.org