the memphite stela of merptaḥ and ptaḥmosĕauthor(s): kate bosse-griffithssource: the journal of...

7/29/2019 The Memphite Stela of Merpta and PtamosAuthor(s): Kate Bosse-GriffithsSource: The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 41 (Dec., 1955), pp. 56-63P

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Egypt Exploration Society

The Memphite Stela of Merpta and PtamosAuthor(s): Kate Bosse-GriffithsSource: The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 41 (Dec., 1955), pp. 56-63Published by: Egypt Exploration SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3855238 .

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THE MEMPHITE STELA OF MERPTAH ANDPTAHMOSE

By KATE BOSSE-GRIFFITHSRUDOLFANTHES,n an articlewhich he wrote in I936,1dealswith a numberof monu-ments of high officials of the Eighteenth Dynasty, all of whom bear the name ofPtahmose. Among those monuments a stela in Leyden" is of special archaeologicalinterest because three of the five persons represented on it wear a peculiar costumewhich is generallyattributedto the High-priestof Memphis.3About this stela Anthessays: 'Die Pfosten der Nische enthaltenbeide eine htp-dj-nsw-Formel,deren Abschlussmit den Nennungen des Namens jetzt fehit.'In 1938, while working in the Egyptian Collection of University College, London,I cameacrossthe lowerhalf of a stela of two high dignitariesof the EighteenthDynasty,the Chief Stewardof the Mansion of Amenophis III, Merptahand the High-priest ofMemphis Ptahmose. ConsultingPorter and Moss,4 I found that in the Egyptian Col-lection of the Rijksmuseum n Leyden there is the upper half of a stela with the namesof the same dignitaries.5This is the stela mentionedby Anthes. A comparisonof thesetwo pieces madeit evident thatboth belongto the samestela,6and I was able to examinethe Leyden portion in August 1939.

The materialof the stela is limestone (pl. XIV). The measurements of the part inLeyden are: width at top 95 cm., height 83 cm., the measurements of the broken edgeare: width 8I cm., thickness 17 cm. The measurements of the part in London are:width 80-3 cm., height 55 cm., thickness of the broken edge 9 cm. The difference of thethickness is due to the fact that the back of the part in London has apparently been cutoff, perhaps in order to facilitate its removal to Europe.The stela is complete except for a narrowstrip of about 12 cm. in the middle, prob-ably destroyedwhen the stela was deliberatelybroken.The lower half was brokenintotwo pieces which have now been joined together. A hole has been piercedthrough theright ledge of the frame.Fortunatelythe fractureand the hole have done little damage1 ZAS 72, 60 ff., Die hohen BeamtennamensPtahmose in der i8. Dynastie.

2 Anthes, op. cit., No. 4a and No. 5b. Abb. i on p. 65.3 Anthes, op. cit. 66; 'die Kinderlocke, den eigentumlichen Halsschmuck, das Pantherfell und das Per-lengehange. Das macht, soviel wir wissen, das Amtskleid des Hohenpriesters von Memphis aus.'4 Porter and Moss, Top. Bibl. in, 19I. 5 Beschr. Leiden, VI, pI. I5, No. 27, p. 8.6 I wish to thank Professor S. R. K. Glanville for the permission to publish the lower portion of the stelahere for the first time and Dr. W. D. vanWijngarden for the permission to republish the upper portion and alsofor giving me the measurements of the broken edge of the stela. I am indebted to Prof. Giacomo Caputo,superintendent of the Egyptian Museum, Florence, for his permission to publish the funerary stela FlorenceNo. 2565 and the squatting statue Florence No. 1790. The Firme Alinari, Florence, gave permission to repro-duce their photographs of these two monuments: Alinari No. 43837 and Alinari No. 3 1114.The portion in London has no registration number. For literature concerning the portion in Leyden seePorter and Moss, loc. cit., Beschr. Leiden, loc. cit.

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THE MEMPHITE STELA OF MERPTAH AND PTAHMOSt



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STATUE AT FLORENCE OF PTAH.MOS;, HIGH-PRIEST OF PTAH STELA OF PTAHMOSE AND



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THE MEMPHITE STELA OF MERPTAH AND PTAHMOSPEto the text. Otherwisethe scenes and inscriptionsare well preserved.Nothing definiteis knownof the provenance,but internal evidence makesit likelythat the stelacame outof a tomb in Memphis. The part in Leyden belonged to the Collection J. d'Anastasy.In reply to a question concerning the part in London Professor Petrie wrote that hedid not remember its provenance.The stela is of the rectangular ype with raisedframe and a cavetto cornice. Ledgeswith inscriptions surroundthe text and reliefs on three sides. There is also a line ofinscription over the cavetto cornice. Within the frame the stela is divided into threeparts: the upper part in the form of a naos containingfive human figures sculpturedalmost in the round; the middle part representing wo offeringscenes in sunk relief, theupper half of which is destroyed; the bottom partwith a prayerfor the Prophet, theChief Steward of the Mansion of Amenophis III, Merptah.

InscriptionsThe inscriptionsmay be translatedas follows:I. On the ledge over the cavetto cornice:Recitation:0 all ye overseers, cribes,wb-priests or lector-priestswho shallpass by thistomb,maytheprimevalgod whocame ntobeingat the First Occasionavouryou, mayyouhand downyour officesto your childrenafter a longold age,providedthat you say: Anofferingwhichthe kinggives, a thousandof all beautifulandpure things or the ka of theProphetand ChiefSteward,Merptah, ustified.II. On the upper ledge of the frame:Left half, upper line:The countandgovernor, heeyesof theKingof UpperEgypt, theearsof theKingof LowerEgypt, the Prophet and Chief Steward of the Mllansionf AmenophisIII, Merptah,justified.Left half, lower line:Thecountandgovernor,belovedSole Companion, onfidantof the GoodGod, theProphetand ChiefStewardof the Mansionof Amenophis II, Merptah, ustified.Right half, upper line:The countandgovernor, he belovedFatherof thegod who is over thesecretsof theGreatSeat, Sem-priest,Chief of theMaster-craftsmen,Ptahmose,ustified.Right half, lower line:The countandgovernor,onegreat in his officeand important n thepalace, Sem-priest,Chief of the Master-craftsmen,Ptahmose,ustified.III. Left ledge of the frame:An offeringwhich hekinggives(to) Ptah, Sokar,andOsiris, ordof Rostaw,that theymaygive invocationofferingsof bread,beer,oxen,fowl, alabaster ars, clothing,incense andointment,wineand water(?)for [theka of the] belovedof the GoodGod,theProphetandChief Stewardof the Mansionof Amenophis II, Merptah, ustified.Over a kneeling figure:

Theservant(sdm (c ?), Ptahnen.The reading sdnm s is uncertain.

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KATE BOSSE-GRIFFITHSIV. Right ledge of the frame:An offeringwhichthe kinggives (to) Anubis who is in his shroud, ordof the sacred and.May he grant to go in and out in Rostaw and to smell the breathof myrrhand incense................ of Rer.For the ka of the Sem-priest,Chiefof theMaster-craftsmen,Ptahmose,ustified.Over a kneeling figure:[The servant]Ptahnen.V. On the figures in the naos, from left to right:i. His mother, ady of thehouse,Tawy,justified,possessorof honour.

2. Son of the Overseerof the City and VizierDhutmose, he Prophetand ChiefStewardof the Mansionof Amenophis II, Merptah, ustified.3. Son of the Overseerof the City and Vizier Dhutmose, he Sem-priest,Chief of theMaster-craftsmen,Ptahmose,ustified.4. All that comesorth from uponthe offering ableof Onnophrisor theka of the VizierDhutmose,ustified.5. Chief of the Master-craftsmen, tahmose,son of theProphetMenkheper.'VI. Prayeron the lower part of the stela:An offeringwhichthekinggives to thesegodswhoare in thenetherworldn the ollowing ofOnnophris, hat they maygrant to be a spirit, to be strongand endureor the hereafter,(2) thegoodnamebeing ustified;the takingof incenseor themummyn theSacredLand,the excellentregionof sunlightand shadow;such is theprovision or (3) one likeme. Mayyou bea protectionor thesarcophagusand)keepsecure hiscoffin or eternity,your armsprotectinghim whois in it. (4) May Ifollow myLordamonghisattendants,oining(him)asoneof them.May theyraisemeup among 5) hisgreat oneswhilemy heartremains n itsplace. May I receive sustenance onsistingof bread,beerand waterof thegreat one whocameforth (6) in Abydos.May I ascend nto the Neshemet-barkwithoutmy beingre-pelled at the hourof the Wag-festival. May my heartbeput into the house(?) (7) of myLordOnnophrisn possession f theofferings2ffood andprovisionswhichare left overbyhis ka.3For the ka of the Prophetand Chief Stewardof the Mansionof Amenophis II,Merptah, ustified,possessorof honour.

NotesI. The owner. Anthes's questionabout the missing name (or rathernames) at theend of the ledges of the frame can now be safely answered as follows: 'The ChiefStewardof the Mansionof AmenophisIII, Merptah'and 'the High-priestof Memphis,Ptahmose.' There remains, however, the question about the main owner of the stela.The figuresin the naos representthe two brothersMerptahandPtahmosetogetherwiththeir parentsand a 'High-priestof Memphis' Ptahmose,son of Menkheper.The nameof Merptah appears:i. On the uppermost ledge with the invocationof the passers-by.2 and 3. At the left handside of the two parallel edges abovethe figuresin the naos.

For the reading of this name see Anthes, op. cit. 62. 2 - instead of 4*3 Written u .

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THE MEMPHITE STELA OF MERPTAH AND PTAHMOSt4. At the end of the main prayerunder the offeringscene.5. It may be assumed that it appearedalso above the sitting figure looking towardsthe left in the offeringscene.6. At the end of the left vertical ledge of the frame.7. On the figure in the naos.The name of Ptahmose, son of Dhutmose appears:i and 2. On the right hand side of the two parallel ledges above the naos.3. On the figure in the naos.4. At the end of the right vertical ledge of the frame.5. It may be assumed that it also appearedabove the sitting figure looking towardsthe right in the offeringscene.As the name of Merptah appearson the two most importantplaces, in the invocationand in the main prayer,it can be safely stated that Merptah is the main owner of the

stela.II. The date. Anthes hasdealt with this question quite convincingly.IFollowinghisconclusion I take the date of our stela to be that of his No. 4 and No. 5 (Ptahmose,son of Dhutmose andPtahmose,son of Menkheper), hat is, the reignof AmenophisIII.III. Gods. The gods mentioned in this stela have all some kind of relation toMemphis, apart,perhaps,from Onnophris,as Merptah desires to have part of Onno-phris's offerings in Abydos.P;wty hprsp tpy,'the primevalgodwho came intobeing at the FirstOccasion',is herepresumably another name for Ptah. Ptah is considered as primordial creator-god

alreadyin the 'Denkmal memphitischer Theologie' or 'Shabaka text'. There it is saidabout Ptah that he 'is called "He who created the All and brought forth the gods"'.Then, 'He is indeed Tatenen who created the gods and from whom all things havecome forth'.2Ptah, Sokar,and Osiris were identifiedwith one anotherand named as one person atleast as early as the Middle Kingdom, especially on sepulchralstelae from Abydos.3There are, however, some stelae from Abydos where the three gods are mentionedtogether but in such a way that it is clear that several gods are referredto, as on thesepulchralstela Cairo20742.3 Sandman-Holmbergstates about these cases: 'Owing tothe lack of material it cannot be stated whether these conditions at Abydos wereparalleledelsewhere.' In our stela we find exactlysuch a case at Memphis and our texton the left ledge of the framemust thereforebe translated: An offeringwhich the kinggives to Ptah, Sokar,and Osiris, Lord of Rostaw, that they may give. .. .'

IV. Although this stela is the only one known where three figureswear the peculiarcostume of the wr hrp hmwt,the high-priest of Memphis, there is a certain precedentin the Twelfth Dynasty in the group of the Sem-priest, the High-priest of Memphis,Shetepibracankhnedjemnd his son the governor,the High-priestof Memphis Nebpu.4Anthes, op. cit. 6i and 68.

2 Quoted from Sandman-Holmberg, The God Ptah (Lund, 1946), 2I.3 Sandman-Holmberg, op. cit. 138.4 Louvre A 47; Boreux, Cat. (I932) I, 52; Encycl. Photogr. de l'Art, Tome i, 43.

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KATE BOSSE-GRIFFITHSHere the figuresof fatherand son arestandingside by side in anaos, identicallydressed.They both wear the peculiar jackal-collar, shoulder band, and an elaborate bead-pendant hanging from the belt. But they possess only a smooth wig that leaves theirears free. From the Nineteenth Dynasty we knowa groupof a high-priestof Memphisand a vizier. It is the sitting groupof the High-priestof Memphis Phemnuiitend of theVizier Hori., The high-priest wears the jackal-collar,leopard-skin,belt with bead-pendant,and a wig with side-lock. The vizier, too, is dressedvery much like the VizierDhutmose on the Leyden stela, as he wears the long, tight skirtwhich is held up by anarrowtape round his neck, a costume which is peculiarto viziers.

V. There exist severalother representationsof the two persons named Ptahmoseinthe Leyden stela.A. Ptahmoseson of Dhutmose occurs togetherwith his father on a stela in the formof a false door with cavetto cornice (pl. XV, top).2 The Vizier Dhutmose is shown

sitting in front of an offering table; facing him, stands the High-priest of MemphisPtahmose stretchinghis right hand out while he is dedicatingthe offering.The vizierwearsthe same long skirtas on the Leyden stela but no wig. Ptahmose,too, wears thesame costume as on the Leyden stela but no jackal-collar.B. A squatting statue of Ptahmose, son of Menkheper (pl. XV, bottom).3 As onthe Leyden stela Ptahmose wears the wig with side-lock, jackal-collar(although onlythe head and hands of the jackaland a small part of the frame are visible), and bead-pendant.Accordingto Schiaparelli'sdescriptionhe is wearingalso the leopard-skinonhis shouldersand in his right hand the emblem of m;rt,but these are not visible in ourreproduction.C. Pyramidion in Berlin with the kneeling figure of the High Priest of MemphisPtahmoseadoringthe sun.4The nameof the father is not given; but his titles provethathe is Ptahmose, son of Dhutmose. Here Ptahmose is wearing only a smooth kilt andthe side-lock.

D. There exists also a pyramidion n Florence5 fig. i) which shows the sitting figureof either PtahmoseA or PtahmoseB in front of an offeringtable while the choirmasterof Ptah, Ptah'ankh, s bringinghim anofferingof incense andwater. Here the insigniaofPtahmose are the wig with side-lock, the w;s-sceptreand the shm-sceptre.As on theLeyden stela he is wearing two golden torques round his neck.E. A statuette of a miller may also have representedone of our two Ptahmoses.6Here the High-priest of Memphis, while grindingcorn, is wearingthe wig with side-lock and the leopard-skin.

I Louvre A 72, Boreux, op. cit. 55 and pl. 4.2 Florence 2565; Cat. Schiaparelli, 1570; Phot. Alinari 43837. Anthes, op. cit., No. 4b, p. 6I.3 Florence I790; Cat. Schiaparelli, I505; Phot. Alinari 31II4. Anthes, op. cit., No. 5a, p. 62.4 Berlin 2276; Ag. Inschr. Berlin, II, 230 f.; Anthes, loc. cit., No. 4d, p. 6I and pl. 3.5 Florence 2537; Cat. Schiaparelli, I57I; Anthes, op. cit., No. 9f, p. 64, here falsely called 'Stele': alsoZAS 72, pl. 6, 3.6Gardiner, ZAS 43, 55 if.; Anthes, op. cit., No. 9b; present location unknown; it once belonged to theprivate collection of Cardinal Lambruschini.

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THE MEMPHITE STELA OF MERPTAH AND PTAHMOSE 6There is a similar statuette in the Louvre' of a man dressed in a wig with side-lockand panther-skin, grinding corn. His name and titles are 'Prince and Sem-priestDhutmos6'. Gardiner says about him that he 'was thus probably the predecessor ofPtahmos6 as the High-priest of Memphis.' But unless we take for granted that the

FIG. I.officeof the sem-priestwas alwaysconnectedwith the office of the high-priest of Mem-phis (wr hrp hmwt)this statement is questionable. On the other hand, this statuettemakesit more likelythat the two personscalledPtahmose on the Leyden stela arewear-ing leopard-skinandwig with side-lock as insigniaof their dignityas sem-priestand notas wr hrphmwt. The leopard-skinis usually worn by one of the priests who are takingpart in the so-called 'Opening of the Mouth',2 the side-lock occasionally.3From theMiddle Kingdom onwards it was thought that Ptah took part in the Opening of theMouth, while in the Pyramidtexts it was mainly Horus.4 It is thereforepossible thatin the cases when the sem-priestis wearing the side-lock he is wearing it in the sameway as Horus when opening the mouth of his father was entitled to the lock of youth,

I Louvre Inv. 792; Cat. de la Salle Historique(i882), ii, No. Io.2 See British Museum, The Book of theDead, i I: The Ceremony of 'Opening of the Mouth' being performedon the mummy of the royal scribe Ijunefer.3 Budge, The Book of Openingthe Mouth, II (I909), o50.4

Sandman-Holmberg, op. cit. 94-95. G

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KATE BOSSE-GRIFFITHSand also as a priest of Ptah who takes the place of Horus. The monuments A-D givealmost contemporary representationsof high officials with the title sm wr hrp hmwt.Of these all fivewear the wig with side-lock, threewear the leopard-skin,but only onewears the jackal-collar.

VI. The costume of the five figures of the Leyden stela. The mother Tawywearsthe simplenarrowdress which Egyptianwomen usually wear until the EighteenthDynasty, togetherwith a broadbead necklace and the heavy wig of the New Kingdom,also some armlets and hair-decoration. The vizier Dhutmose wears a long skirt tiedunderthe shoulderand held up by a tape roundhis neck, a dresswhich is usuallywornby viziers;' also a small wig, bead-collar, and sandals. The three other men wearidenticalcostumes; a wig with side-lock, leopard-skin,a plaitedscarf from shoulder tobelt, a belt with a broadbead-pendant,two gold torques,sandals,and the jackal-collar.Of thesehe wig with side-lockandthe leopard-skincanbe attributed o the sem-priest,and the shoulderscarf is the distinguishinggarmentofheh ry-bt priest. The greatestproblem is raised by the jackal-collar,which is generally considered to be the dis-tinguishing ornament of the high-priest of Memphis, the wr hrphmwt.

VII. The most recent treatmentof the occurrenceandmeaningof thejackal-collar sby G. A. Wainwright.He gives a list of ten known wearers of it.3 To these I can addfour, the three wearersof the Leyden stelaand the upperhalf of a statuein Cairo.4 Thejackal-collar is first known with Khabawsekerof the Third Dynasty.s It remainedessentiallythe same throughmore than a thousandyears. It consists of ajackal-shapedelongated figure with two hand-shaped front legs which are raised in adorationandthree pairs of legs. The jackal-headlies on the one (usually the right) shoulder of thewearer; the thin strip-like body reaches over the breast while the hind legs lie on theother shoulder. This figure is connected with a narrow ring round the neck ofthe wearerby means of three zigzag strips. Over or under this collar lie about twelvestrings, each of them supportingone amulet. In the case of Khabawseker here aresixrankhamulets and six of circularshape.The problem is, how did the high-priests of Ptah come to make this collar theirprerogative?As the animal representedis a jackal, one would be inclined to connect this collarwith the service of Anubis. As a matterof fact Khabawsekerwas connected with twopriesthoods of Anubis but had no apparentconnexion with Ptah, although his 'greatname) was formed with the name of Sokar, and it must be remembered that Sokarlateron became intimatelyconnected and almost identified with Ptah.The jackal-collar,as faras I know, is onlyonce mentionedin Egyptiantexts. On a reliefof the Nineteenth Dynasty, a man wearingthe wig with side-lock and the jackal-collar

I See Borchardt, CCG II, 427, Middle Kingdom; and Cat. Boreux (1932), 55 and pl. 4, Louvre A 72,Dyn. XIX.2 See above under note V. 3 JEA 26, 38, n. 3; see also 36.4 Borchardt, CCG inI, 870, from the SakkarahSerapeum, N.K., with jackal-collar, side-lock, leopard-skin,and shoulder scarf.5 M. A. Murray, Saqqara Mastabas, I, pl. I.

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THE MEMPHITESTELA OF MERPTAHAND PTAHMOS 6is shown,' while the words written beside him are: '[Receive]meon theIslandof Truth,the Sacred Land. I am coming n peace while I am wearingthe sch-collar.' The deter-minative of srhis here the jackal-collar.In this case, apparently, he jackal-collargavesome kind of protectionin the life after death.There is only one exampleof a wearer of this collar which is known not to have comefrom Memphis.2It is in a representationof priestsin a festivalprocession followingthedivine barks. One bark is accompanied by a number of priests with shaven headswearing the leopard-skin, but only one of these wears the jackal-collar. Of twelveknown bearers of the jackal-collarsince the beginning of the Middle Kingdom, sevenareknown to have been wr hrphmwt.3With three it is very probablethat they were wrhrp hmwt;although the inscriptions on their monuments are not complete there arestrong indications that the owners were connected with gods of Memphis.4 The re-presentative of the jackal-collarin the reliefs of the temple of Ramesses III is lesscertainly an wr hrp hmwt; but even he has an exceptional position. The only realexception to the rule is the chief steward Merptah on the Leyden stela. One musteither accept the explanationthat Merptah had once been an wr hrp hmwtand hadkept the costume but not the title, or one has to admit that it was possible for peopleother than the wr hrphmwtto wear the jackal-collar.On the other hand, the bearersofthis title were in no way obliged to wear the jackal-collar n all their portraits.

VIII. The two prayingservant-priestswith shaven heads and short kilts (or ratherone mantwice figured)at the bottom end of the two verticalledgeshavea parallel n theservant-priest on the pyramidion in Florence,5 the choirmasterof Ptah, who withshaven head and in short kilt brings an offeringof incense and water in front of Ptah-mos6.

IX. The monkeyswhich accompanythe two Ptahmosesand Merptahare of a kindwhich were used as pets in the New Kingdom and have no religious significance.X. If the upper part of the middle relief had been preserved we would probablyknow who was the real dedicator of the stela. It is worth noticing that the standingfigures in front of the offeringtables are wearingthe leopard-skinin the same way asPtahmosdon the stela in Florence6 n front of his fatherDhutmose. But on the Leydenstela the personswho receivethe offeringsalso wearthe leopard-skin,as is indicatedbythe tail-ends that hang in front of the chairs.I Berlin 12410, part of a tomb wall; Erman, ZAS 33, 22-23. A recent reproduction of the head of this manin Rudolf Anthes, MeisterwerkeAgyptischerPlastik (1947), pl. 36, makes it quite clear that the other end of thiscollar was not a falcon-head, as Erman presumed, but a short tail.2 Reliefs and Inscriptionsat Karnak (Chicago), I, RamsesIII's Temple, I, pl. 2Ia, lower register.3 They are: Middle Kingdom, Shetepibracankhnedjemand his son Nebpu, Louvre A 47, Cat. Boreux (1932),

1, 52; Encycl. Photogr. de l'Art, I, 43. New Kingdom, the two Ptahmoses on the Leyden stela; Ptahmose, sonof Menkheper, Florence I790, Cat. Schiaparelli, 1505; Phemnfute,Louvre A 72; Cat. Boreux (I932), 55, pl. 4;Khacemwese, Louvre, Cat. Boreux, 481, Erman, ZAS 33, 23, fig. f.4 They are: on a wall relief, Berlin I2410o;Erman, ZAS 33, 23, fig. d; fragment from Sakkarah, Murray,Saqqara Mastabas, i, pl. 36, 3; fragment from Saklyarah,Borchardt, CCG ill, 870.5 Cf. above p. 60, D. 6 Cf. above p. 60, A.

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the memphite stela of merptaḥ and ptaḥmosĕauthor(s): kate bosse-griffithssource: the journal of...

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