the menominee native americans
DESCRIPTION
The Menominee Native Americans. A diverse culture with a rich history. Michelle Smith EDU 210. History. history. Oldest continuous residents of Wisconsin At the start of the treaty era, in the early 1800’s, the Menominee tribe occupied a land base of an estimated 10 million acres. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Menominee Native AmericansA diverse culture with a rich history
Michelle SmithEDU 210
History
history Oldest continuous residents of
Wisconsin At the start of the treaty era, in the
early 1800’s, the Menominee tribe occupied a land base of an estimated 10 million acres.
Brief timeline 1634: Jean Nicolet, French made contact with the
Menominee 1775: Some fought against the American in the
Revolutionary War 1812: War of 1812, Some fought against the Americans 1854: gave up lands except for a reservation on Wolf
River in north-central Wisconsin 1954 -1973: federal status Terminated
Two part plan 1961: Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin was terminated,
Tribal membership 3,270 Tribal land (Acres) 233,881 1972: Menomiee Restoration Act restored tribe
Treaties 1817 March 30, at St. Louis, with the Chippewa 1825 August 19, at Prairie du Chien, with the Sioux, Etc., 1827 August 11, at Butte des Morts 1831 February 8, at Washington 1831 February 17, at Washington 1832 October 27, 1836 September 3, at Cedar Point 1848 October 18, at Lake Powawhaykonnay 1854 May 12, at Falls of Wolf River 1856 February 11, at Keshena
Spirituality
Spiritual beliefs Believed that children and elders were
closest to the spirits If a baby was unhappy, a special healer
would find out why. Often it was thought that a certain ancestor spirit has been reborn in the baby and wanted the baby’s name changed. Therefore, a naming ceremony was held to give that child that ancestor’s name.
Creation Story
Night and day
The Afterlife
Culture
Culture Algonquin speaking nation Menominee refer to themselves as
mameqtaw meaning “the people” Other indian tribes call them menominee,
derived from manomin- an algonkian word for wile rice as it is a staple food for the tribe. (mpm.edu)
French called them “the nation of wild oats”
Culture Lived by hunting, fishing and gathering Wild rice= staple food
Augmented by corn, beans and squash Some food was dried in the sun to save
for the winter Boiling and roasting were common
cooking methods Maple sugar and syrup were commonly
used as sweeteners and flavorings
Geography
Once occupied over 10 million acres of land which is now central and mid-eastern Wisconsin
Culture- Clans Clans
Bear Eagle Moose Crane Wolf(Facts and figures 2004)
Bear Clan Speakers and keeper of the law
Eagle/Thunder Clan Freedom and justice
Moose Clan community or individual security
Crane Clan Crane Clan: architecture, construction
and art
Wolf Clan Hunting and gathering
Current location Current location:
Current Menominee indian reservation is located about 45 miles northwest of Green Bay.
The reservation is 235,523 acres and countains roughly 223,500 acres of heavily forested lands
Affects on the tribes social and economic conditions today Today Menominee are on their way to
economic progress Multi-million dollar organization Provides employment to its people along
with services such as a clinic, police protection, and a Tribal school
Comparison
lgonquian and Great Lake Tribessuch as Ojibway (35,000), Delaware (8,000), Powhatan (9,000) Massachuset (13,600), and Cree (17,000)
Northeast wigwams wore little clothing except in winter - made from animal skins
huntersgathererstrappersplanters
pow wowssnowsnake
Birchbark baskets and canoestraps
birchbark boxeswampum
dream catchers
Pocahontas (1585?-1622) PowhatanPontiac (1720?-1769) OttawaTecumseh (1765?-1813) ShawneeBlack Hawk (1767-1838) SaukSquanto (1585?-1622) Patuxet
Iroquois Tribes such as Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora (Total 5,000)
Northeast long house mostly buckskin (skin of deer)
hunters planters gatherers tradersThree Sisters (corn, squash, & beans)
formed Confederacymany festivals
canoessnowshoes False Face S
ociety wooden masks
Significance