the middle east, asia, australia, new zealand and the pacific islands

XI11 The Middle East, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands.

(i) The Middle East (including N. Africa)

Ann Williams

13.01 General and Reference The first issue of a new publication has appeared; D.H. Partington (ed), Middle East Annual; issues and events, 1981 (Boston, 1982). As the title suggests it has a chronological report of the year with critical articles and bibliography. A valuable bibliography on the British in the Middle East has been compiled by W.J. Olson, Britain's elusive empire in the Middle East (New York). Middle East marerials in United Kingdom and Irkh libraries; a directory. A MELCOM guide to libraries and other institutions in Britain and Ireland with Islamic and Middle Eastern books and materials, edited by I.R. Netton (Centre for Gulf Arab Studies, Exeter Univ.) gives information based on librarians' replies to a questionnaire, and is rather uneven. P. Sluglett has edited a more specialised list, Theses on Islam, the Middle East and North-West Africa 1880-1978 for Universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland (Mansell). One of the most important books to appear in recent years is J. McCarthy, The Arab world, Turkey and the Balkans 1878-1914 (G.K. Hall, 1982). This handbook of historical statistics will be an indispensable reference work.

13.02 The most exciting new work has appeared in this section. Pride of place must go to E. Ashtor, Levant trade in the later middle ages (Princeton U.P.), a masterly study based on research in archives throughout the Mediterranean. He shows the value of notarial collections for students of the area. Two books in the new Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization show the application of western historical methods to eastern subjects, and tackle important problems. A. Watson, Agricultural innovation in the early Islamic world. (C.U.P.), bases his work on the examination of eighteen new crops introduced in the early Islamic world and goes on to refute traditional views that the early centuries of Islam saw an agricultural and demographic decline. B. Musallam, Sex and society in Islam; birth control before the nineteenth century (C.U.P.), looks at Arabic literature, both scholarly and popular, from the middle ages to the nineteenth century and then analyses birth control as a factor in demographic change. B.Z. Kedar et al have edited a collection of essays in honour of Joshua Prawer, Outremer; studies in the hisrory of rhe crusading kingdom of Jeriunlem (Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi Institute, 1982), emphasising indigenous communities. Another important collection of essays is the result of the Pennsylvania-Paris-Dumbarton Oaks Third Colloquium held in 1980: Predicarion et propagande au nioyen ige; Islam, Byzance et Occident (P.U.F), edited by Makdisi. D. Sourdel and J . Sourdel-Thomine looking at its subject in the three different cultures. A difficult but rewarding book on the influeme of Artistotle's Metaphysics in the east and the west is E . Booth, Aristotelian aporetic ontology in Islamic and Christian thinkers (C.U.P.). A popular book which uses no modern oriental material is P.H. Newby, Saladin in history (Faber). A most valuable reprint in hardback and paperback is I.M. Lapidus, Muslim cities in the later middle ages (C.U.P.).

13.03 continues. Many of these are ephemeral or go over ground already well covered.

Medieval and early modern

The Arab World The spate of books on Islam and the Arab world

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202 Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature LXIX

One of the most fruitful lines of inquiry in recent years has been the study of elites, particularly scholarly and religious ones. P.S. Khory has continued this interest in Urban notables and Arab nationalism; the politics of Damascus 1860-1920 (C.U.P.), while L.T. Fawaz has looked at two groups of incomers in Merchants and migrants in nineteenth century Beirut (Harvard U.P., Middle Eastern Studies, 18). The papers of a conference held in Aix-en-Provence in 1979 have been edited under the title L’Egypte au XIXe siecle (Paris: CNRS, 1982), a comprehensive volume discussing sources, politics, society and culture. J.F. Devlin, Syria; modern state in ancient land (Croom Helm), is one of the Contemporary Middle East series, which tries to compress too much material into too slight a volume. A companion book, P. Gubser, Jordan; crossroads of Middle Eastern events (Croom Helm), is more successful in its synthesis. 13.04 The analysis of Great Power involvement in the area and the memoirs of those who served there continue to appear. D. Ledger, Shifting sands; the British in Saudi Arabia (Peninsular), deals sympathetically with the administrators on the spot and more critically with the government at home. K. Wilson (ed), Imperialism and nationalism in the Middle East; the Anglo-Egyptian experience 1882-1982 (Mansell), is a collection of papers given at a symposium in Leeds. The anthropologist, John Waterbury, has turned to a historical study in The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat; the political economy of two regimes. (Princeton U.P.).

13.05 Islam D. Sourdel has produced a useful book on Medieval Islam (Rand). K. Siddiqi, Issues in the Islamic movement 1982-3 (Open Press), is the third of these valuable annual handbooks. Variorum continue to make available important collections of articles otherwise inaccessible in obscure journals. Two which concern the history of ideas are S.M. Stern, Medieval Arabic and Hebrew thought, which has been edited with a foreword by F.W. Zimmermann, and G. Vajda, La transmission du savoir en Islam, Vile-XVllle siecles. J. Richard, Croises, rnissionaires et voyageurs; perspectives orientales du monde latin medieval (i bid), provides a valuable balance to western views on the Crusades.

13.06 The Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey The Ottoman empire is another area in which Western methodology is beginning to deepen our understanding of its problems. I. Metin Kunt has done a ‘Namier’ study on The Sultan’s servants, the transformation of Ottoman provincial government 1550-1650 (Modern Middle East series, 14. Columbia U.P), which shows a widespread extension of central authority in the period under consideration. J.-L. Bacque-Grammont and P. Dumont have edited the contributions to a conference held in Strasbourg in 1980, Economie et societes duns I’empire ottoman (fin du XVlIIe-debut du XXe siecles) (Paris: CNRS, Collection Turcica). D. Quataert. Social disintegration and populur resistance in the Ottoman cmpire 1881-1908; reactions to European economic penetration (New York U.P., Studies in Near Eastern Civilization, 9), provides an unfamiliar angle on the effects of European investment. Western interest in demographic history has also spread to this area. K.H. Karpat Ottoman population 1830-1914; demographic and social characteristics (Wisconsin U.P.), and J. McCarthy. Muslims and minorities; the population of Ottoman Anatolia and the end of empire (New York U.P.), will now be required reading before embarking on any nineteenth-century Ottoman topic. J. Heller, British policy towards the Ottoman empire 1908-1914 (Cass), treats a more traditional subject competently. 13.07 A book which will probably gain undeserved use because of its accessibility, A. Bridge, Suleimun the Magnificent; scourge of heaven (Grenada), has no new


material and confines itself to the Ottoman ruler's wars. A hrther piece in the jigsaw of Orientalism is provided by M . Fitzherbert, The man who was Greenmantle; a biography of Aubrey Herbert (Murray), the model for a Buchan hero. H. Inalcik has produced an important reference article, 'Introduction to Ottoman metrology' (Turcica: revue d'itudes turques, xv).

13.08 Iran J.J. Reid, Tribalism and society in lslamic Iran 1500-1629 (Undena Publications), is a balanced study of the elements of Iranian society. E. Bosworth and C. Hillenbrand have edited a worthy Feslrchrifc for Laurence Elwell-Sutton's seventieth birthday, Qajar Iran 1800-1925; political, social and cultural change (Edinburgh).

13.09 North Africa J.F.P. Hopkins, Letters from Barbary 1576-1774; Arabic documents in the Public Record Of ice (Oriental Documents, VI, O.U.P., 1982), draws attention to an important and virtually untapped source of material. It has been a poor year for modem North African studies, but Habib el Malki, L'konomie marocaine; bilan d'une decennie 1970-80 (Paris) is worth mentioning. R. Parks and K.J. Douglas-Moms, Gunfire in Barbary; Admiral Lord Exmouth's battles with the corsairs of Algiers (Mason, 1982). and E.G. Friedman, Spanish captives in North Africa in rhe early modern age (Wisconsin U.P.), look at aspects of the piracy question.

(ii) Asia

D.J. Duncanson

203

13.10 South Methuen issued two general histories of the region - an elementary introduction by B.H. Farmer, A n introduction ro South Asin, short on early periods and concentrating on post-Independence years, and one by D.P. Singhal, A history of the Indian people, more even in time-span but narrower in geography. Accessibility of sources has been added to valuably thanks to publication by the National archives at New Delhi of another Calendar of Acquired Documents, this time for 1402-1719, edited by S.A.I. Tirmizi. 13.11 formations of the mid-first millennium by R. Thapar (Delhi, O.U.P. India), The Brahmanas of India: a study based on inscriptions by C. Gupta (Sundeep Prakashan, Delhi), and a reprint of the second edition of J .W. McCrindle's standard Invasion of India by Alexander (Delhi, Cosmo), which is a collection of translated texts other than those by classical authors. On the middle ages there was The Tamilpoliry c.AD 600-1300 by R. Rajalakshmi (Madurai: Ennes), and on the coming of the Portuguese, Portuguese trade with India in the sixteenth century by K.S. Mathew (Delhi: Manohar). 13.12 The Raj is the subject of four very different studies. In The rise and fall of Britirh India (Methuen), Karl de Schweinitt puts forward a selective general history in support of a 'revised'-Marxist-Leninist analysis of 'imperialism'. The administrative history of British India by H.E. Hennesy (Delhi: Neeraj). and The Kashmir Gate - Lieutenant Home and the Delhi VCs by Roger Perkins (Chippenham: Picton), deal with special topics. A.P.S. Bandarage's Colonialism in Sri Lanka - the political economy of the Kandyan Highlands (Berlin Mouton), with a limited aspect of Ceylon's history. The end of the Raj is written about from the British point of view by R.J. Moore in Escape from empire - the Attlee government

On ancient history, three works were noticed: From lineage to state - social

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and the Indian problem, another of the Clarendon Press's studies based principally on files in the Public Record Office (and, here, the India Office); the Indian point of view informs The Indian Freedom Movement and Thought 1919-29 by L. Bahadur as well as Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Movement by H.H. Das, both published by Sterling (Delhi). 13.13 Aspects of social history are treated in an urban study, Banoras - cify of light by D. L. Eck (Routledge), in Rulers, townsmen and bazaars: North Indian society in the age of British expansion 1770-1870, no 28 in the series Cambridge South Asian Studies (C.U.P.), and in The making of a colonial mind - a quantitative study of the bhadralok in Calcutta 1857-85 by J . McGuire, No 10 in the Australian National University's monographs on South Asia (Canberra). An unusual social study in this category is P.D. Gaitonde, Portuguese pioneers in India - sporlight on medicine (Sangam). The period since emancipation is widely explored in a Festschrifi for W.H. Moms-Jones of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies edited by A.J. Wilson and D. Dalton, The states of South Asia - problems of national integration (Hawaii U.P.), which at many points relates recent history to received political culture.

13.14 South-East The year brought forth three exceptionally high-priced books, indi6ated below, but the one general contribution to the historiography of the region as a whole was a short paperback on the philosophy of history by O.V. Wolters, History, culture, and region in South-East Asian perspectives, issued by the Institute of South-East Asian Studies at Singapore. One other area-wide study was Islamic law in South-East AsiA by M.B. Hooker (O.U.P.), which contains some historical material. The rest of those noticed dealt with single countries starting with D.P. Chandler. A history of Cambodia (Boulder: Westview), and, from the same press, a contemporary-history survey by D. Steinberg, Burma - 4 socialist nation of Sourh-East Asia. Exceptionally ambitious in scope is the two-volume city-state collection of studies edited by K.S. Sandhu and P. Wheatley, Melaka, (O.U.P., on behalf of the ISEAS at Singapore, f125), where a score of contributors present a comprehensive but eclectic survey of Malacca, city and hinterland, historical and contemporary - comprehensive, that is, except for the important Portuguese sixteenth century, which is left as an awkward gap between the pre-colonial and Dutch periods. At f80, Clarendon issued the late G.H. Luce's two-volume Phases of pie-pagan Burma - photographs of inscriptions and other archaeological items. chiefly of linguistic interest but of exceptional historical value because many are said to have been destroyed since Luce's time. Also just inside the pre-colonial period is A.C. Milner, Kerajaan - Malay political culture on the eve of colonid rule (Arizona U.P.). 13.15 region of the Malay world C. Dobbin, Islamic revivalism in 4 changing pemant economy - central Sumatra 1784-1847 (Cunon) and N.N.D. Myint, Burma's struggle against British Imperialism 1885-95 (Rangoon U.P.) - the age of the thugyis. Also noteworthy is Seow Koi-leng, Chinese rural society in Malaysia - 4

local history of the Chinese in Titi, Jefebu (Kuala Lumpur O.U.P.). The Japanese occupation and decolonization are still favourite themes: Cheah Boon Kheng, Red Star over Malaya: resistance and social conflict during and after the Japanese occupation 1941-46 (Singapore U. P.); J. Becka, The National Liberation Movement in Bunna 1941-45 (Orientalny Inst., Prague); and the 'secret' diary of Robert Hardie, The Burma-Siam Railway 1942-45 (Imperial War Museum). C.Cruickshank. S.O.E. in the Far Easr (O.U.P.), throws'a sharply British-

Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature LXIX

On the early colonial period, we have for the much-studied Minangkabau


campaign-history light on that body’s attitudes and activities in yet another 1941-45 war zone; the late Robert Heussler just finished his third volume on the history of the Malayan Civil Service, Completing a Stewardship, the MCS 1942-57 (Westport: Greenwood), before his death; and Yong Mun Cheong attempts an understanding of a parallel, more controversial individual, H.J. van Mook and Indonesian Independence 1945-48 (The Hague: Nijhoff). But the most important historical work on South-East Asia in 1983 was volume 1 of H. Tinker (assisted by A. Griffin), Burma - the struggle for independence 1944-48 (HMSO), a selection of records from Public Record and India Offices, modelled on the Transfer of Power series for India, dealing with the fast evolution of constitutional relations between Britain and Burma during and after World War 11. This volume, at f95, runs only from 1 January 1944 to 31 August 1946, when Sir Hubert Rance assumed the governorship, but the second volume, on the last eighteen months of the story, is not far behind. 13.16 For the post-emancipation years, Malaysia and Vietnam still hold the stage: one very thorough work, J. Saravanamuttu, Dilemma of independence: MalaysiaS foreign policy 1957-77 (Penang U.P.), and a more derivative and ephemeral one, L. Comber, I3 May 1%9: a historical survey of Sino-Malay relations (Heineman Asia). Heading the list of Vietnam-War books is the first volume of R.B. Smith’s trilogy, An international history of the Vietnam war - revolution versus containment, 19S5-61 (Macmillan, London); narrower within the same scope come G.C. Herring’s anthology, The secret diplomacy: the negotiating volumes of the Pentagon Papers (Texan U.P.), as well an another Indo-China Monograph from the US Army Center of Military History (Washington DC), The Final Collapse by Cao Van Vien. A rather less down-to-earth background contribution to the subject is W.J. Duiker, Vietnam - nation in revolution (Boulder: Westview).

13.17 Far East: China First mention must go to vol 12 of The Cambridge History of China, edited by J.K. Fairbank, which includes the first part of the Republican period 1912-49 (C.U.P.) - that is, pre-civil war, pre-Japanese war, years. There also appeared from the same press part V of vol 5 of Joseph Needham’s Science and civilization in China (Spagyrical discovery and invention - physiological alchemy). O.U.P. issued a third edition of Emmanuel Hsii, Rise ofmodern China, whilst California U.P. published both The origins of Chinese civilization by D.N. Keightley and China among equals - the Middle Kingdom and irJ neighbours, 10th to 14th centuries by M . Rossabi. Michigan U.P. published R.T. Ames, The art of rulership in ancient Chinese political thought, and Harvard East Asian Monographs reached No 103 in J. K. Ocko, Bureaucratic reform in provincial China: Kiangsu 1867-70. Stanford U.P. issued S . Borthwick, Education and Social Change in China - beginnings of the modern era; public health was represented by S.M. Hillier and J.A. Jewell, Health care and traditional medicine in China 1800-1982 (Routledge), necessarily uneven in its treatment. 13.18 Several books were published on China’s relations with foreigners in the modem period. O.U.P. published for the British Academy a calendar, compiled by J.Y. Wong, of Chinese documents from Peking held in the Foreign Office records, under the English title Anglo-Chinese Relations 183960 and the Chinese title ‘Highlights of Anglo-Chinese relations in the Opium-War period’. The collection brings to light misunderstandings of language which had a serious bearing on decisions reached by the two negotiating partners. From Columbia U.P. comes The Making o f a special relationship: the US and China to 1914 by M.H. Hunt: it dwells largely on social rather than diplomatic relations, notably those of missionaries, and

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can be compared opportunely with A.A. Bennett, A missionary Journaht in China - Young J . Allen and his magazines 1860-83 (Georgia U.P.), and with J. Reed, The missionary mind and American East-Asia Policy 1911-15 (Harvard U.P., for Council on East-Asia Studies). A less well explored field of research is tackled by B.D. Cole, Gunboats and marines: the navy in China 1925-28 (Delaware U.P.). 13.19 The latest, Communist, age in China is reached with N.C. Tucker, Patterns in the dust - Chinese-American relatiom and the recognition controversy I94950 (Columbia U.P.). Two books on domestic affairs deserve inclusion as histories rather than political treatises: O.U.P. issued for Chatharn House vol 2 (‘The Great Leap Forward’) in R. MacFarquhar’s trilogy, The Origins of the cdtural Revolution, and Princeton U.P. a biography of Ch’en Tu-hsiu, the best known Trotskyite of China, by L. Feigon: Chin Duxiu -founder of the Chinese Communist Party. In contrast, Muperceptions in foreign policy-muking - the Sino-Indian conflict 195962 by Y. Vemberger (Boulder: Westview), rather buries the actual events of a confrontation which was of lasting significance for Asia, beneath strata of ‘systems analysis’, ‘personality variables’ and so on.


13.20 Japan Two bridges between China and Japan were published in Kenkenroku: 4 diplomatic record of the Sino-Japanese War 1894-95 by Mutsu Munemitsu. edited and translated by G.M. Berger and published by the Japan Foundation (Tokyo), and in The China quagmire: Japan’s expansion on the Asian continent 19334 by J.W. Morley (Columbia U.P.). H. Wray and H. Conroy (eds), Japan exnmined: perspectives on modem Japanese history (Hawaii U.P.), survey all the main themes of the period: the Meiji. the Rwo-Japanese war, the Taisho era, the colonial empire, militarism and foreign policy in the 19305, the Taisho era, the colonial empire, militarism and foreign policy in the 193Os, the post-war occupation. With that should be mentioned J. Crurnp, Origins of sociafist thought in Japan (N.Y.: St. Martin’s P.). Other special topics are R.W. Goldsmith, The financial development of Japan 1868-1977 and. closely-connected, Economic growth in prewar Japan. covering 1868-1941, by Nakamura Takafusa (both Yale U.P.), as well as R.H. Mitchell, Censorship in fmperial Japan (Princeton U.P.), which is a study alike of negative aspects of censorship and of the positive shaping of public attitudes by the regime in the ‘modernizing’ period 1868-1945. Several books relate to the history of World War 11: R. Deacon’s account of the Kernpeitai - 4 histoary of the Japanese secret service (N.Y.: Beanfoot), and ‘ F Kikan - Japanese army intelligence operations in Southeast Asia during World War 1I by Fujiwara Iwaichi with Mohan Singh (Heinernan Asia) - an eye-witness account of the organization of the Indian National Army and associated psychological-warfare operations by the Japanese military faction, and also Japan and the Sun Francisco peace settlement by M.M. Yoshitsu (Columbia U.P.), and The British Commonwealth and the occupation of Japan edited by G. Goodman, a short collection of international studies published by the London School of Economics and Political Science. The Institute of Developing Economies at Tokyo put out a useful reference book in Japan and Southeast Asia - 4 bibliography of historical. economic, and political relations by Ikuo Iwasaki. 13.21 J.L. McClain’s, Kanazawa: 4 thirteenth century Japanese casrle town (Yale U.P.). is a social history. All-important intellectual history is dealt with by P. Nosco. Confucianism and Tokugawa Culture (Princeton U.P.). which goes well with R.P. Toby, State and diploniacy in Early Modern Japan - Asia in rhe development of the

Fewer contnbutions to earlier Japanese history have been noted for 1983.

XI11 The Middle East, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. 207

'bakufu' (ibid). J.P. Lehmann, Roots of modern Japan (New York: St. Mahn's P.). cames the story through the Meiji transition.

13.22 Other Taking in all the remaining regions of the Far East except Mongolia was a new history, The Japanese colonial empire 1895-1945, a dozen essays edited by R.H. Myers and M.R. Peattie and divided both territorially and topically (Princeton U.P.). A single English-language work on Korea was noted: B. Cummings (ed), Child of conflict - Korean-American relations 1943-53 (Washington U.P.). There were two books on Manchuria, however, Chao Kang, The economic development of Manchuria: the rise of afrontier economy (Michigan U.P.), and another account of the surely best known and worst treated of all political puppets of this century, The last emperor - the life of the Hsiian-t'ung emperor, Akin-Gioro P'u-yi 1906-67, by N.J. Irons (House of Fans, London). Though several Russian- language books appeared in 1983, the year produced only one English contribution to Mongolian history, The secret history of the Mongo& by F.W. Cleaves (Harvard U.P.), the thirteenth century saga of Jenghiz and Ogodai preserved in Chinese characters.

Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands

W. David McIntyre

13.23 General This section covers works of regional or trans-Tasman scope. A general introduction to British imperialism in the region is provided by M. Steven, Trade, tactics and territory: Britain in the Pacific, 1783-1823 (Melbourne U.P., $15). From the Cook period D.J. Cam (ed), Sydney Parkinson: artist of Cook's Endeavour voyage (Camberra: ANU Press), and M. Hoare (ed), The Resolution Journal of Johann Reinhold Forster, 1772-5 (Hakluyt SOC., 1982, 4 vols). Three topics covering both sides of the Tasman: 0. Koivvkangas, Scandinavian emigrants to Australiu and New Zealand project: proceedings of a symposium (Turku: Institute of Migration); K.K. O'Donoghue, Brother P . A . Treacy and the Christian Brorhers in Australia and New Zealand. (Melbourne: Polding Press, $22.50), and H. Jackson 'Religious ideas and practice. Australian Congregationalism, 1870-1930' ( J . of Relig. Hist., xii), which includes comparisons with New Zealand. On closer relations the proceedings of the 1982 Otago foreign policy school are in T.J. Hearn, (ed), New Zealand and Ausfralia: the changing relarionship (Dunedin: Otago Univ.), and R. Thaku and H. Gold, T h e politics of a new economic relationship: negotiating free trade between Australia and New Zealand' (Australian Outlook, xxxvii). On regional security: P.J. Beck, 'Securing the dominant "Place in the Wan Antarctic Sun" for the British Empire: the policy of extending British control over Antarctica' (Aust. J . of Pol. and Hist., xxix), and T.B. Millar (ed), International security in the Sourheasr Asian and Southwest Pacific Region (Queensland U.P.).

13.24 Australia (prices in Aus$ unless otherwise stated). There are, first, a few general titles, led by a new edition of Manning Clark, A short history of Australia (Sydney: Collins, $14.95). Two opinionated titles are by Geoffrey Blainey, The Blainey view (Melbourne: Macmillan, 1982), the text of an ABC television series, and A land half won (Melbourne: Sun Books, 1982, $6.95). There is also a pictorial survey by D. Moore, Australia: image of a nation, 1850-1950 (Sydney: Collins, $45).

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13.25 There are fewer works than usual on race relations, but a general survey is provided by A.T. Yarwood and M.J. Knowling, Race relations in Australia: a history (N. Ryde: Methuen, 1982, $14.95), and on the early contact period in the main settlement areas, N.G. Butlin, Our original aggression: Aboriginal populations of Southern Australia, 1788-1850 (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, $12.95). On early European settlers, D. Charlwood looks at the voyage out in 7he long farewell: the perilous voyage of settlers under sail in the Great Migration to Awrralia (Ringwood: Penguin, $12.95).


13.26 Economic and social history remains the flourishing field. Two volumes by K. Buckley and K. Klugman discuss one of the great South Pacific trading companies: The History of Burns, Philp. The Australian Company in the South Pacific (Sydney: Bums, Philp and Co., 1981, $14.95) takes the story to 1914, and is followed by The Australian presence in the Pacific. B u n s , Philp 1914-19 (ibid 619.95). Aust. Econ. H. R., xxiii, includes N.G. Butlin, ‘Yo, ho, ho, and how many bottles of rum’, which concludes that early Australians drank less than Britons; R. Maddock and J. Perry, ‘Economists at war; the Financial and Economic Committee, 19394; C. Fonter and P. Harris, ‘A note on engineering wages in Melbourne, 1892-1929’; M. Davies, ‘Copper and credit: commission agents in the south Australian Mining Association, 1845-n’; S.J. Butlin, ‘Australian central banking, 1945-59’. and N. Cain, ‘Recovery policy in Australia, 1930-3: certain native wisdom’. 13.27 Industrial relations continues to attract interest. There is a volume of 16 essays edited by B. Ford and D. Plowman, Australian Unions: an industrial relations perspective (Melbourne: Macrnillan, $19.95). Two union histories: I. Wyner. With banner unfurled: the early years of the Ship painters and Dockers Union (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, $11.95), and R. Murray and K. White, The Ironworkers: a history of the Federated Ironworkers Association of Australia (ibid. $24.95). Fifteen case-studies of strikes are included in D.T. Murphy (ed), The big strikes: Queenslund, 1869-1965 (Queensland U.P. $12.95). 13.28 In the area of social history there is an excellent hospital history by W.G. Rimrner, Portrait of a hospital: the Royal Hobart (Hobart: Royal Hobart Hospital, 1981, $20), and two socio-medical articles in Hist. 9 ~ ~ 5 . . xx: R. Walker. ‘The struggle against pulmonary tuberculosis in Australia, 1788-1950’. and J. Campbell, ‘Smallpox in Aboriginal Australia, 1829-31’. J. Kerneny, The great Australian nightmare: u critique of home-ownership ideology (Melbourne: Georgian House, $14.95). is critical of housing policy and especially provision of rental housing. M. Sturma looks at criminality in Vice in a vicious society: crime and convicts in the mid-nineteenth century in New South Wales (Queensland U.P., S29.95). Scots communities are considered over a large period in M.D. Prentis, The Scots in Australia: a study of New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland, 1788-1900 (Sydney U.P.. S33.50). There is a pictorial survey of women’s history: M. McMurchy, M. Oliver and J. Thornley, For love or money: a pictorial history of women and work in Australia (Ringwood: Penguin, 614.95). surveys domestic and industrial work. In 1. of Relig. Hisf., xiii. I . Tyrell takes up a well-known women’s theme in ‘International aspects of the Women’s Temperence Movement in Australia: the influence of the American WCIX. 1882-1914‘. and G. Melleuish in ‘The theology and philosophy of John Woolley’ considers the first principal of Sydney University. 13.29 On politics there are two new textbooks: D. Jaensch, The Aicsrralian Party System (Sydney: Allen and Unwin. 610.95). surveys the literature and there is K . K .

XI11 The Middle East. Asia. Australia. New Zealand and the Pacific Islands.

Evans, The Australian political system (Milton: Jacaranda, $8.95). There are two useful books on sources: A.W. Martin, Letters to Mamie: Sir Henry Parkes and his daughter (Carlton: Melbourne U.P., $19.95), and P.D. Groenewegen (ed), The Premiers' Conference, 1905: a report of proceedings (Canberra: A.N.U. Press, 1982). F. Cain, The origins of political surveillance in Australia (Sydney: Angus and Robertson, $24.95), focusses on the significance of the first world war. G. Henderson, Mr Santamaria and the bishops (Sydney: Studies in the Christian Movement, 1982), looks at Catholic political and social attitudes in the 1940s and 1950s. Two works of labour history: B. O'Meager (ed). The socialist objective: Labor and socialism (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, $11.95), looks at the objective of the A.C.P., and A. Parkin and J. Warhurst (cds), at Machine Politics in the Australian Labor Parry (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, $12.95). A further instalment in the debate on 1975 comes from P. Kelly, The dismissal: Australia's most sensational power struggle, the dramatic fall of Gough Whitlam (Sydney: Angus and Robertson, $5.95). On recent political change: A. Summers, Gamble for power: how Bob Hawke beat Malcolm Fraser: the 1983 Federal Election (Melbourne: Nelson, $4.95), and C. McGregor, Time of testing: the Bob Hawke victory (Ringwood: Penguin, $5.95). On the dominant trend in Queensland politics: A. Metcalf, I n their own right: rhe rise of /oh's Nationalists (Queensland U.P). 13.30 The flood of biography seems temporarily-halted, but the ADB strides majestically on, with B. Nairn and G. Serle (eds), Ausrralian dictionary of biography, 9, 1891-1939, Gil-La (Melbourne U.P.). D. Lyne, Mary MacKillop: spirituality and charismu (Sydney: St Joseph's Generalate, 618.50). covers the founder of the St Joseph's and the Sacred Heart order, 1842-1909, and C. Kerr provides the very different Archie, the biography of Sir Archibald Grenfell Price (Melbourne: Macmillan, $19.95). 13.31 There are three titles relating to personalities involved in foreign affairs. P.J. Spartalis, The diplomatic bartles of Billy Hughes (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, $19.95); A. Renouf, Let justice be done: the foreign policy of H . V. Evatt (Queensland U.P., $19.95); and R. Harry, The diplomat who laughed (Richmond: Hutchinson, $7.95), the anecdotes of a former senior Australian diplomat. Australian Outlook. xxxvii, is a jubilee number of the Australian Institute of International Affairs and it includes J.D.B. Miller, 'The development of International Studies in Australia, 1933-83'; and R. Catley 'Australia and the Great Powers, 1933-83'. Aust. J . of Pol. and Hist., mix, includes H. Burmester, 'Outposts of Australia in the Pacific Ocean', and St. J. Barclay, 'Friends in Salisbury: Australia and the Rhodesian Unilateral Declaration of Independence, 1965-77,'. 13.32 The history of war continues to attract authors. Bean's monumental Official history of Australia in the War of 1914-1918 is being re-issued: C.E.W. Bean, The Australian Imperial Force in France during the Allied Offensive, 1918 is published in a facsimile of the 1942 edition by G. Serle, and The Alcrtralian Imperial Force in France, during the main German Offensive, 1918 in the 1943 edition by L.C.F. Turner (Queensland U.P.). The author's diary is published in K. Fewster (ed). The Gallipoli Correspondent: the front line diary of C. E. W. Bean (Sydney: Allen and Unwin), and D. McCarthy provides the first full-length biography of the famous correspondent and historian in Gallipoli to rhe Somme: the story of C. E. W. Bean (Sydney: Ferguson). Also on 1914-18 is L. Broinowski. Tasmania's war record, 1914-18 (Swanbourne: Bumdge. 643.70). On the 1939-45 war: one general title, M . McKernan, All in! Ausrralia during the Second World War (Melbourne: Nelson, $27.50); T. Hall, The fall ofsingapore (N. Ryde: Methuen, $17.95) which concentrates on the AIF 8th Division; D.C. Horton, Ring of fire: Australian

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210 Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature LXIX

guerilla operarions against the Japanese in World War I1 ( S . Melbourne: Mamillan, $17.95); and a regimental history, R. W. and K. Christie, A history of the 2/29th Battalion, 8th Division AIF (Malvern: Z 9 t h Battalion AJF Association). There are three volumes on the medical side of the war: F. Murphy, Desert, bamboo and barbed wire (Hornsby: OIlif Publ.); R.P. Goodman, A hospiral at wur: the srory of 214 Ausfralian General Hospital 1940-5 (Brisbane: Boolarong Publ., $15); and E.D. Herring. They wanted to be nightingales: a story of the VASIAAWS in World War II (Hawthornden: Investigator Press, 1982). On later wars there are: G. McGonnack, Cold War, hot war: an Australian perspective on the Korean War (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger), and P. King (ed), Australia-Vietnam: Australians in the Second Indo-China war (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, $9.95). On a different area of defence: R. Gillett, Fighting ships of the Royal Ausfralian Navy (Wellington: Burgen Media Services, NZ611.95). 13.33 Several titles relating to regional history may be noticed: a major State history, L.L. Robson, A history of Tasmania, vol I , Van Dieman’s Land from earliesr times to 1855 (Melbourne: O.U.P.. $50); J.B. Hint, Convict sociefy and its enemies: a history of Eariy New South Wales (Sydney: Allen and Unwin $19.95); J. Gentilli, Italian migrution to West Australia, 1829-1946 (Geog. Dept., Western Australia Univ., 1982, $5) , and to explain a phenomenon, P. Charlton, State of mind: why Queensland is different (N. Ryde: Methuen-Hayes, $5.95).

13.34 New Zealand may be cited first. H. Keith, Images of early New Zcaland (Auckland: Bateman, $85), reproduces 54 early paintings of the Colony. J.D. Gould provides a racy contemporary economic history, The Rake’s progress: the New Zealand economy since 1945 (Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton, 1982, $17.95). and D. Pearson and D. Thomas puncture long-standing myths about New Zealand society in Eclipse of equality: social stratification in New Zealand (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, $17.95). M. King, Maori: a photographic and social history (Auckland: Heinemann, $34.95). gathers historic photographs covering the broad sweep of Maori history since the rnid-nineteenth century. 13.35 ovens grew cold: nine centuries of changing fortune for the southern Maori (Dunedin: Otago Heritage Books, $9.95); J. Cowan, The New Zealand Wars (Wellington: Government Printer. 2 vols, $59.60), a reprint, with introduction by M. King and new index, of the 1922 classic; K. Sandersen, ‘Maori Christianity on the East Coast’ (N.Z.J. Hist., xvii), and W. McCarthy, Haka: the Maori rugby story (Auckland: Rugby Press, $18.95). 13.36 On economic history, one general work by B. Easton and M. Thomson, An introduction to the New Zealand economy (Queensland U.P., 1982); three specialist papers from Victoria University, Wellington: M.N. Arnold, Consumer prices, 1870-1919 (Econ. Dept., 1982, $3); Wage Rates, 1873-1911 (ibid); and G.R. Hawke, Incomes Policy in New Zealand (Working Papers, 1982). There are also two success stories of manufacturing: A. and L. Bloxham, The jet boat: the making of a New Zealand legend (Wellington: Reed, $29.95). and B. Healy. A Hundred million trees: the story of New Zealand Forest Producrs Ltd. (Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton, 1982. $16.95). 13.37 The ever-popular field of social history produced works of considerable variety. J.O.C. Phillips, ‘Musings in Maoriland - or was there a Bulletin school in New Zealand?’. Hist. Studies, xx, looks at New Zealand’s cultural identity in the

(prices in NZS unless otherwise stated) A few general titles

There are a few other works on Maori history: A. Andersen, When the Moa


early twentieth century. N. Z.J. Hist., xvii, includes M. Tennant, ‘Elderly indigents and Old Men’s homes’; J. Martin, ‘Whither the rural working class?’ and A.R. Grigg, ‘Prohibition and women’. On child care G. Parry supplies A fence at the top: the first 75 years of the Plunket Society (Dunedin: Plunket Society, 1982, $10). Major features in New Zealand life are covered by R. Bisman, A salute to trotting: a history of harness racing in New Zealand (Auckland: Moa F’ubl., $29.95), and G.L. Momson, One hundred grand parades: a centennial history of the Gore A . and P. Association, 1882-1982 (Gore: Gore F’ubl., 1982). K. Sinclair, A history of the University of Auckland, 1882-1983 (Auckland U.P./O.U.P., $21.50) is scholarly, readable and partly autobiographical. On the country’s largest professional body, the organisation of primary teachers, there is E.J. Simmons, NZEI 100: an account of the New Zealand Education Imtitute 1883-1983 (Wellington: The Institute, $14.95). On population problems, B. Layton surveys ‘British migration to New Zealand after World War 11’ (Aust. Econ. H.R., xxiii); M. Brandon, The emigrant Scots (Constable, 1982, €31.50), has a section on New Zealand; and L. Albert has compiled Some of the Jewish men who conh’buted to the history of Auckland, 1840-1982 (Auckland: L. Albert, 1982, $75). 13.38 Architectural history is beginning to attract attention. The second volume in the Historic Places Trust’s big survey has appeared: F. Porter (ed), Historic buildings of New Zealand: the South Island (Auckland: Cassell, $60). M. Fowler and R. van de Voort, The New Zealand house (Auckland: Landsdowne, $34.93, is very well illustrated and has a hilarious, if eccentric, text. G. Chapple, Corrugated iron in New Zealand (Wellington: Reed, $14.95), examines a persistent colonial theme. I.V. Porsolt, Outline history of the architectural profession (School o f Architecture Auckland Univ., 1981), fills an important gap. Two regional studies: H. Ives, The art deco architecture of Napier (New Zealand: Ministry of Works, 1982, $9.95). and L. Gale, Bricks and mortar (Dunedin: Allied Press, 1982, $6), covers a selection of Dunedin buildings. 13.39 There is a surprisingly large crop of titles on religious history. Two general works: C. Nicol and J. Veitch (eds), Religion in New Zealand (Relig. Studies Dept. Victoria Univ., $7). consists of 10 essays, and H. Jackson ‘Churchgoing in nineteenth century New Zealand’ (N.Z.J. Hist., xvii). W.E. Limbrick (ed), Bishop Selwyn: New Zealnnd, 1841-68 (Palmerston North: Dunmore Press, $19.95), consists of the Selwyn Centennial lectures. A continuing Catholic source project moves ahead with E.R. Simmons (trans), The Pompallier Papers. 8, Letters, 1879-96 (Auckland: Archives of the Catholic Diocese). On Methodism: P.J. Lineham, New Zealand and the Methodist Evangel: an interpretation of the policies and performance of the Methodist Church in New Zealand (Auckland: Wesley Hist. SOC.); M.B. Gittos Mana at Mangungu: a biography of William White, Wesleyan Missionary at Whangaroa and Hokianga (Auckland: Gittos, 1982); and I .F . Falkner, The decisive decade: some aspects of the development of the character of [he Methodist Central Mission in Auckland, 1927-1937 (Auckland: Wesley Hist. SOC.. 1982). More sections of the Baptist Centennial history have appeared: J.A. Clifford, A handful of grain: the centenary history of the Baptist Union in New Zealand, vol 2 , 1882-1914 (Auckland: Baptist Hist. SOC., 1982, $5). and S.L. Edgar, vol 4, 2945-1982 (ibid, $5.95). Presbyterians: H. Scott, A pioneering ministry: Presbyterian home missionaries in New Zealand, 1862-1964 (Wellington: Presbyterian Church, $9.50). and A.L. Salmond, The First Church of Otago (Dunedin: Otago Heritage, $11.50). R.M. Glynn, ‘Political attitudes and religious commitment in New Zealand; two case studies’ (Pol. Sci., xxxv), includes historical background on the Salvation Army and the Victoria U. Christian Union.

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13.40 Biography and memoin remain popular. On the Maori Wars period we have K. Sinclair's edition of A soldier's view of Empire: the reminiscences of James Bodell, 1831-92 (Bodley Head, 1982). Christchurch's first resident Supreme Court judge is described by B. Coleman, Henry Barnes Cresson: a biography (Hastings: Coleman Family, 1982, $15). A pioneer pastoralist, premier and later colonial governor is well covered in J. Graham, Frederick Weld (Auckland U.P./O.U.P. $29.95). I. Milner writes of his father Milner of Waitaki: portrait of the man (Dunedin: McIndoe, 627.50), the story of a celebrated imperialist and headmaster. A former civil servant, J.K. Hunn writes his memoirs, Not only affairs of state (Palmerston North: Dunmore P, 1982, $29.95), and a former politician starts his: J. Marshall, Memoirs vol 1, 191240 (Auckland: Collins, $24.95). M. King, Whina: a biography of Whina Cooper (Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton, $22.95), provides a fascinating insight into Northland Maori society.

13.41 Military history and war remain popular and various. R. Stowers, First New Zealanders in the Boer War, 1899: history of the first contingent of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles in the Boer War, 1899-1902 (Hamilton: Press, $13.50), covers the first overseas war. J.E. Cookson looks at conscientious Objectors in the 1939-45 war in 'Illiberal New Zealand: The formation of government policy on conscientious objection, 1940-1' (N.Z.J. Hist., xvii). Unit histories include P. Lea, Sunday soldiers: a brief hirtory of the Wellington Regiment, City of Wellington's Own (Wellington: 7 RNZIR Association, S19.95), and J.B. Haight, Men of faith and courage: the official history of the Royal New Zealand Chaplain's Department (Auckland: The Word Publishers, $18). Memoirs of an RAF corporal who transferred to the RNZAF in the 1930s and rose to high rank in the engineering section are in G. Ellis, Tool box on the wing: my life in the Air Force (Wellington: Mallins Rendel, $24.95). 13.42 counfy history (Culverden: Amuri County Council, $35). is re-issued. A much neglected province now has G. and R. Lambert, An illustrated history of Taranaki (Palmerston North: Dunmore P.. $24.95). For the region of early Europeanhlaori contact there is J.R.P. Lee, / have named it the Bay of Islanu3 (Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton, $17.95). and there is an excellent borough history, D.N. Hawkins, Rangiora: the passing years and people in a North Canterbury town (Rangiora: Borough Council).

13.43 The Pacific There are several general titles. J. Leckie, 'Towards a review of history in the South Pacific' traces the main historiographic trends in J . Pacific Srudies, ix, a special issue devoted to social sciences in the South Pacific. The Cyclopedia of Samoa, Tonga, Tahiti and the Cook Islands, first published in Sydney, 1907 is re-issued (Papakura: R. McMillan, N.Z. $70). On the second world war: P. Charlton, The unnecessary war: island campaigns in the South-West Pacific, 19445 (Melbourne: Macmillan, AS17.95). On recent politics C.H. Allan. Constinition-making in new irland states (Auckland: Legal Research Foundation, 1982), and a special issue of Pol. Sci., xxxv, devoted to elections in the Pacific in the late 1970s and 1980s. The island groups are listed roughly from west to east. New Guinea, as usual. has the most titles: S. Firth New Guinea under the Germans (Melbourne U.P., AS25); C.W. Johnson, Colonial stinset: Australia and Papua New Guinea, 1970-4 (Queensland U.P., AS29.95). 1. Pacific Hist., xviii, has B.J. Allen, 'A bomb or a bullet or the blood's flux? Population change in the Aitape Inland, Papua New Guinea, 1941-85'; J. Barton 'A dysentry epidemic in New Guinea and


Some excellent regional titles: W.J. Gardner's 1956 classic The Amuri: a

XI11

its mortality’, and a series of articles on the Massirn, the people of the Louisiade Archipelago, being papers presented at a conference on the Kula, at Chartellesville, Va, in 1981. A general work on Melanesia: R.J. May and H. Nelson, Melanesia: Beyond Diversity, 2 vols (Canberra: A.N.U. P., A$10 each). On Micronesia: M.G. Driver ‘Fray Juan Pobre de Zamora and his account of the Manana Islands’ (J. Pacific Hist., xviii). Solomon Islands: H. Laracy (ed), Pacific protest: the Maasina Rule Movement, Solomon Islands, 1944-1952 (Suva: South Pacific Univ.). New Caledonia: J. Lawrey, The Cross of Lorraine in the South Pacific: Australia and the Free French Movement, 1940-2 (Canberra: J. Pacific Hist., $8.50), and A. Ward, Land and politics in New Caledonia (Canberra: Dept. of Pol. and SOC. Change, 1982). Chathams: R. Richard, Whaling and Senling in the Chatham Islands (Canberra: Roebuck SOC., 1982). Fiji: A.C. Reid, ‘The chiefdom of Lau: a new Fijian state built upon Lakeban foundations’ ( J . Pacific Hist., xviii). Tonga: E.W. Ellern ‘Salote of Tonga and the problem of national unity’ (ibid), and E. Bolt, Tongan society at the time of Captain Cook’s visits: discussions with H.M. Queen Salote Tupou (Wellington: Polynesian SOC. 1982). Tuvalu: H. Laracy (ed), Simati Faanui‘s Tuvalu: a history (Suva: South Pacific Univ.). Tokelau Islands: A. Hooper, Aid and dependency in a small Pacific territory (Auckland: Dept. of Anthrop., 1982). Tahiti: P. De Dekker (ed), Pritchard’s The aggressions of the French at Tahiti and other islands in the Pacific (Auckland U.P./O.U.P., $48), written in 1844 after the pioneer LMS missionary and British consul had been expelled from Tahiti by the French.

The Middle East, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. 213