the mldesigner optical components library...tical system models (e.g., switch and switchless tdm and...

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The MLDesigner Optical Components Library

1. IntroductionThe MLDesigner Optical Components Library is a collection of Discrete Event DataStructures and building blocks for the design and performance analysis of optical net-working components and systems. The blocks can be combined to create models of opti-cal network components (e.g., switches) and add optical interfaces to computer and servermodules. The resulting models can be combined with upper layer protocol modules to docomplete end-to-end optical network models.

The MLD Optical Components Library includes special optical library data structures,low level building blocks (e.g. laser sources, couplers, switching elements), high levelbuilding blocks (e.g., MUXers and DEMUXers, switches, inverters) and some sample op-tical system models (e.g., switch and switchless TDM and WDM Pixel Bus systems.

Physical layer models developed with the Optical Components Library can be extendedwith components from other MLDesigner libraries to model all layers of the OSI stack.

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2. Modeling ApproachThis library uses data structures to abstract component features so they are manageable ina network-level simulation while retaining sufficient physical effect detail to maintain ac-curacy.

Data structures are the foundation of the optical components library. All optical signalsthat pass through components in the optical network library are first and foremost a mem-ber of the Optical Layer (OL) data structure. This class definition is used to separate op-tical signals from others that may be used in the simulation (e.g. electrical, wireless, logi-cal).

Optical signals are further classified into one of two types in this library version. TheSingle_OL class is used for optical signals that are represented as a single wavelengthwithin optical components (disregarding center frequency spread),. The data members ofthis class include Wavelength, Opt_Power_Level, Data and Number_Of_Bits.

Optical signals of different wavelengths that pass through a component at the same timeare classified as wave-division multiplexed (WDM) signals and are members of the Mul-tiple_OL class. The Multiple_OL class is composed of a vector of Single_OL members.

Library components current model only simple physical layer effects such as time delayand signal power-level attenuation or amplifications. Future versions of the library willadd the capability to distinguish between signal power and noise (so an optical signal-to-noise ratio can be calculated) as well as additional noise sources. Ongoing research is in-vestigating techniques to modeling higher-order physical effects such as amplified spon-taneous emissions, crosstalk, dispersion, temperature effects, source chirping and 4-wavemixing.

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3. Sample System ModelsHere are some top-level block diagrams of systems models created with the Optical Com-ponent Library. More detailed descriptions of three systems models are provided in Sec-tion 5 at the end of this document.

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Figure 1: TDM Switchless Pixel Bus with •4 channels @ 2.5Gbps (10Gbpsaggregate)

Cost Display Elec Power Use Display

OpticalReceiver

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

System Controland Display

GraphicsGenerator 1

GraphicsGenerator 2

GraphicsGenerator 3

GraphicsGenerator 4

Clock Synchronize

GotoDisplay

GotoDisplay

Data Display

Dat

a1

Dat

a2

Dat

a3

Dat

a4

Data Display

Dat

a1

Dat

a2

Dat

a3

Dat

a4

CockpitDisplay

CockpitDisplay

CockpitDisplay

CockpitDisplay

OpticalTransmitter

TDM Mux

TDM Clock

40mFiber

40mFiber

40mFiber

TDMReceiver 1

TDMReceiver 2

TDMReceiver 3

TDMReceiver 4

PowerMeter 1

PowerMeter 2

PowerMeter 3

PowerMeter 4

Bulkhead Bulkhead

Color CodeOrange: Optical ComponentBlue: Electrical Component

Grey: Simulation Component


Figure 2: A Vir tual prototype control panel to operate the TDM system model--assembled from MLDesigner TclTk animation component

Figures 2 and 4 show how the optical system models shown in Figures 1 & 3 can beadapted to serve as virtual prototypes to demonstrate the effects of changing parameterssuch as transmitter rate launch power, loss, power threshold on system operation. Read-

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Figure 3: WDM Switchless Pixel; Bus •4 channels (4 independent wavelengths )@10Gbps (40Gbps aggregate)

Butt-JointConnector

1x4 Splitter

1

2

3

4

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

4x1 Coupler

1

2

3

4

Optical Transmitter 1




Tunable Receiver 1

Tunable Receiver 2

Tunable Receiver 3

Tunable Receiver 4

Cost Display Elec Power Use Display

Clock Synchronize

GraphicsGenerator 1

GraphicsGenerator 2

GraphicsGenerator 3

GraphicsGenerator 4

Receiver Control

WDM System Display

Transmitter Control

DataDisplay

Dat

a1

Dat

a2

Dat

a3

Dat

a4

CockpitDisplay

CockpitDisplay

CockpitDisplay

CockpitDisplay

40mFiber

40mFiber

40mFiber

DataDisplay

WDM FiberDisplay

Power Meter Display

PowerMeter 1

PowerMeter 2

PowerMeter 3

PowerMeter 4

PowerMeter 5

PowerMeter 6

Bulkhead Bulkhead

Color CodeOrange: Optical ComponentBlue: Electrical Component

Grey: Simulation Component


outs also show power meter readings from probes inserted into the network. The graphiccontrol and monitoring panels were assembled with TclTk animation, dynamic controland dynamic output components from a prototype MLDesigner component library.

Figure 4: A vir tual prototype control panel to operate the WDM model shown inFigure 3.

4. Detailed Description of Library ComponentsThe complete library includes the data structures, low-level building blocks (internals),high level building blocks (components) and sample system models.

Data structures are hierarchical entities containing one or more data fields that can serve as aparticle to carry data between blocks.

The low level building blocks are building blocks representing either primitives or blockdiagrams. A primitive is block that contains a coded algorithm with defined inputs andoutputs . A block diagram is a graphical representation of a functional model assembled from mul-tiple blocks that are connected by net objects.

The high-level building blocks are all modules—blocks that contain block diagrams.They are the building blocks combined to form systems models.

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Systems models are self-contained executable models/block diagrams. The containsources to start the model and sinks to collect and display model outputs.

Top-level block diagrams are shown for the components and system models.

4.1 Data StructuresThis section provides a brief description of the library data structures. Detailed descrip-tions are provided in the online documentation.

Root.OpticalLayerID Number - ID number of the data structureCreation time - Time stamp showing ds creation time

OpticalLayer. Single_ OLID Number - inherited from RootCreation Time - inherited from RootData - Data in this packetNumber_Of_Bits - Number of bits for dataWavelength - Wavelength of the single optical signal of this ds.Opt_Power_Level - Optical power level of this single wavelength of the ds

OpticalLayer. WDM_ OLID Number - inherited from RootCreation Time - inherited from RootActive_Waves - A vector of Single_OL data structures. (A WDM_OL consists of

multiple Single_OL data structures combined into a single ds.)

Power SelectionIndex 0 - Used to define power selection in dB.Index 1 - Used to define power selection as a percentage from an input parameter.

Switch_ControlSwitch type - Defines the switch dimensionsControl_Vector - A vector with N elements where N is the number of input ports

on the designated switch. Each vector elements is an integer from 1 to M. M is equal to the number of output ports on the switch. The first vector element (index=0) contains the number of the output port to which input port 1 will be connected. The second vector element (index=1, if present) designates which number output the second input port is connected to. Thepattern continues for any other input pots. Note: All input ports must be assigned a unique output port; multicasting is not supported.

Data Integer (- inf, inf) 0 Data in this packet on optical layer

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Number of bits for data

Wavelength of single optical signal of this structure

Optical power level of single wavelength of this structure

4.2 Internals1x2 Optical Switch Pr imitive in DE DomainThe function of this primitive is to pass an Input DS to one of the two output ports. Thevalue of the "control" input determines which output is to be enabled. If the value of the"control" input is zero, the input DS is placed on the "falseOut" output port. The input DSis placed on the "trueOut" output port for non-zero values of the "control" input.

Inputsanytype (DS to be placed on one of the two output ports)control

Outputsoutput1output2

1x4_Logical_Switch pr imitive in DE domainThe function of this primitive is to pass an Input DS to one of the two output ports. Thevalue of the "control" input determines which output is to be enabled. If the value of the"control" input is zero, the input DS is placed on the "falseOut" output port. The input DSis placed on the "trueOut" output port for non-zero values of the "control" input.

Inputsinputcontrol

Outputsoutput1output2output3outputCtrl_error

1x4_Splitting_Module module in DE domai n This module splits optical signal either single or WDM OL from one input port (OL_ In)to four output ports (OL_ Out_ 1: OL_ Out_ 4). The power level of each output channelis defined by individual splitting ratio (CH1_ Ratio: CH4_ Ratio).

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InputsOL_In

OutputsOL_Out_1 OL_Out_2 OL_Out_3 OL_Out_4

ParametersCH1_RatioCH2_RatioCH3_RatioCH4_Ratio

1x8_Splitting_Module module in DE domainThis module splits optical signal either single or WDM OL from one input port (OL_ In)to eight output ports (OL_ Out_ 1: OL_ Out_ 8). The power level of each output channelis defined by individual splitting ratio (CH1_ Ratio: CH8_ Ratio).

InputsOL_In

OutputsOL_Out_1

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Figure 5: 1X4 Splitting module

SplittingModule

1

2

SplittingModule

1

2

OL_In

OL_Out_1

OL_Out_2

OL_Out_3

OL_Out_4


OL_Out_2 OL_Out_3 OL_Out_4 OL_Out_5 OL_Out_6 OL_Out_7 OL_Out_8

ParametersCH1_RatioCH2_RatioCH3_RatioCH4_RatioCH5_RatioCH6 RatioCH7RatioCH8_Ratio

2x1_Coupler_Module module in DE domainThis module couples two input optical signals to WDM output signal. Input signal can beeither single or WDM OL but output signal is always WDM OL. If only one signal at in-

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Figure 6: 1X8 Splitting Module

1x4 SplittingModule

1

2

3

4

1x4 SplittingModule

1

2

3

4

OL_In

OL_Out_1

OL_Out_2

OL_Out_3

OL_Out_4

OL_Out_5

OL_Out_6

OL_Out_7

OL_Out_8


put port is received at particular time, this signal can pass through output without cou-pling. Each channel has coupling ratio which can be defined individually.

InputsOL_In_1 OL_In_2 Trigger

OutputsWDM_OL_Out Done

ParametersCoupling_Ratio_CH1Coupling_Ratio_CH2

4x1_Coupling_Module module in DE domainThis module couples four input optical signals to WDM output signal. Input signal can beeither single or WDM OL but output signal is always WDM OL. If only one signal at in-put port is received at particular time, this signal can pass through output without cou-pling. Each channel has coupling ratio which can be defined individually.

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Figure 7: 2X1 Coupler

TypeSwitchWDM_OL

WDM_OLCreate

InsertSingle_OL in WDM

TypeSwitchWDM_OL Insert

Single_OL in WDM

WDM_OLCreate

ExecuteInOrder

1

2

ExecuteInOrder 1

2

InsertWDM in WDM

Gate

Gate

Gate

Gate

IConst

IConst

CouplingRatio CH1

CouplingRatio CH2

Coupler_Synch#1

OL_In_1

OL_In_2

WDM_OL_Out

Done

Remark: The effect of coupling ratioif only one wavelength is going through ??

This model, power loss causes of coupling is countedeven through only one wavelenght is passed through.


InputsOL_In_1 OL_In_2 OL_In_3 OL_In_4 Trigger

OutputsOL_Out Done

ParametersCoupling_Ratio_CH1Coupling_Ratio_CH2Coupling_Ratio_CH3Coupling_Ratio_CH4

8x1_Coupling_Module module in DE domainThis module couples eight input optical signals to WDM output signal. Input signal canbe either single or WDM OL but output signal is always WDM OL. If only one signal atinput port is received at particular time, this signal can pass through output without cou-pling. Each channel has coupling ratio which can be defined individually.

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Figure 8: 4X1 Coupler

CouplerModule

CouplerModule

CouplerModule

OL_In_1

OL_In_2

OL_In_3

OL_In_4

OL_Out

Done


InputsOL_In_1 OL_In_2 OL_In_3 OL_In_4 OL_In_5 OL_In_6 OL_In_7 OL_In_8 Trigger

OutputsOL_Out Done

ParametersCoupling_Ratio_CH1Coupling_Ratio_CH2Coupling_Ratio_CH3Coupling_Ratio_CH4Coupling_Ratio_CH5Coupling_Ratio_CH6Coupling_Ratio_CH7Coupling_Ratio_CH8Coupling_Ratio_CH4Coupling_Ratio_CH5Coupling_Ratio_CH6Coupling_Ratio_CH7Coupling_Ratio_CH8

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Add_Vector module in DE domainThis module adds any type of data structure at input data port (Data) into the existingvector (Vector_ In). The additional element will be added at the end of vector and the sizeof vector will increment by one. The vector with new element is given at the output port(Vector_ Out).

InputsVector_In (datastruct:Root.Vector)Data (datastruct:Root)

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Figure 10: Add Vector

LengthOfVector

SetElementVector

ChangeLengthVector

+1

SynchronizeVector_In

DataVector_Out

Figure 9: 1X8 Coupling Module

CouplerModule

4x1 CouplingModule

1

2

3

4

4x1 CouplingModule

1

2

3

4

OL_In_1

OL_Out

OL_In_2

OL_In_3

OL_In_4

OL_In_5

OL_In_6

OL_In_7

OL_In_8

Done


OutputsVector_Out (datastruct:Root.Vector)

Blank_Signal__ module in DE domainThis module checks the Single OL signal at input port (Single_ OL_ In) whether or not itcontains any wavelength. By checking the wavelength value, if wavelength is less than orequal zero, TRUE (1) is given at output port (Blank). If not, FALSE (0) is given.

InputsSingle_OL_Indatastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.OpticalLayer.Single_OL

OutputsBlank

Coupling_Channel module in DE domainThis module uses to couple two signals (Input1, Input2) according to channel control pa-rameter. If control data has bit matching with channel parameter, Input2 will be coupledwith Input1. Otherwise, Input1 will pass through output port (Output). The expressionused to determine channel matching is defined as following:Coupling channel = 2 ([ P] Channel – 1).AND. (Control data)

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Figure 11: Blank Signal

SelectWavelength

R<=

True

False

Single_OL_In Blank


InputsInput1 Input2 Control

OutputsOutput

ParametersChannel

Create_Switch_Control_DS Pr imitive in DE domainThis internal creates a Switch Control Data Structure given the Switch Type and a SwitchControl Vector. See documentation on the Switch Control DS for information on settingthese inputs.

InputsSwitch_TypeCtrl_Vector

OutputsSwitch_Control_DS

CrossWave_Inter ference Pr imitive in DE domainInjects crosswave interference into the data structure.

InputsOL_In

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Figure 12: Coupling Channel

InsertWDM in WDM

And

Expression

SwitchInput1

Input2

OutputControl


OutputsOL_Out

DelElementVector pr imitive in DE domainThis primitive deletes the element in vector specified by the “VectorIn” input. The delet-ing element is specified by “ Index” value. The index value must be less than or equal tomaximum size of VectorIn. The vector size will be decrement by one after deleting andall following elements behind deleted element will be shifted up replacing the deleted el-ement entry.

InputsVectorIndatastructIndexint

OutputsVectorOutdatastruct

Discrete_Tunable_Laser_Source module in DE domainThis module is used in the Discrete Tunable Optical Transmitter Module. Upon receiv-ing a trigger this internal places values for the Opt_ Power and Wavelength on the outputports. The optical power is set by the parameter “Optical_ Power_ Level” and can befluctuated by the parameter “Optical_ Power_ Fluctuation_ Vector” . Refer to DE/Sources/ WaveForm for more details on how to set this parameter. The output wave-length can be changed between a set of discrete values contained within the memorymodule “Discrete_ Wavelength_ Vector” . The number and value of the wavelengths inthe table can be altered by clicking on the memory module and changing the Value field{ # of WL: WL 0 WL 1 …} . The initial output wavelength is the first value in the table. Anew wavelength can be selected by placing its index (0, 1, 2 …) on the Change_ Trans-mit_ Wavelength port. Indices are stored in memory and remain until replaced.

InputsTriggerScalar anytypeChange_Transmit_Scalar int

OutputsOpt_PowerWavelength

ParametersSwitching_Time

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Optical_Power_LevelThe constant value.Optical_Power_Fluctuation_VectorOne period of the output waveform.

MemoriesDiscrete_Wavelength_VectorCurrent_Wavelength_Selection

Divide_WDM_by_Wavelength module in DE domainThis module divides WDM OL signal (WDM_ OL_ In) into two WDM OL signals(WDM_ OL_ Upper, WDM_ OL_ Lower) by specified threshold wavelength. Any opti-cal wavelengths which are higher than or equal to threshold wavelength are placed at

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Figure 13: Tunable Laser Source Module

Optical Power

Optical PowerFluctuation

SubFloat

Wavelength SwitchingTime

Access VectorElement

MemoryRead

Memory Write

ID Number Gen

Single_OL_Create#1 Tunning Cutoff

M Discrete_Wavelength_Vector

M Current_Wavelength_Selection

Trigger

Change_Transmit_Wavelength

Single_OL_DS


“WDM_ OL_ Upper” port as WDM signal. The other wavelengths which are less than orequal to threshold wavelength are placed at “WDM_ OL_ Lower” port as WDM signal. Ifno wavelength at any of output port, the empty WDM will be placed at that port. Also, ifWDM input is empty wavelength, the empty WDM wavelength will be placed at bothoutput ports.

InputsWDM_OL_In (datastruct:OPN_Version_2:Root.OpticalLayer.WDM_OL)Wavelength

OutputsWDM_OL_Upper (datastruct:OPN_Version_2:Root.OpticalLayer.WDM_OL)WDM_OL_Lower (datastruct:OPN_Version_2:Root.OpticalLayer.WDM_OL)

Extract_Fields_Single_OL_DS module in DE domainThis internal places the value of each field of an input Single Optical Layer Data Struc-ture on a corresponding output. The data structure is passed through unaltered.

InputsSingle_OL_DS_In

OutputsSingle_OL_DS_Out ID_NumberCreation_TimeDataNumber_of_BitsWavelengthOpt_Power_Level

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Figure 14: Divide WDM by Wavelength Module

SelectActive Waves

LengthOfVector

I>C

AccessElementVector

Counter

I== I==C

SelectWavelength

OneWay

R<

Switch

R>

Switch

CreateVectorOfWaves

AddVector

CreateVectorOfWaves

AddVector

Gate

Gate

ExecuteInOrder

123

Gate

ExecuteInOrder

1 2

InsertActive Waves

InsertActive Waves

False

ExecuteInOrder

12

ExecuteInOrder

12

Synchronize LocalMEM

Gate

Gate

WDM_OL_In

Wavelength

WDM_OL_Upper

WDM_OL_Lower

The WDM wavelengthwhich is equal to inputthreshold wavelength

will be placed bothupper and lower output

If WDM input isempty wavelength,

the empty WDMwavelength will be

placed at both outputs


Extract_Fields_WDM_OL_DS module in DE domainThis internal places the value of each field of an input WDM Optical Layer Data Struc-ture on a corresponding output. The data structure is passed through unaltered.

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Figure 15: Extract Fields, Single OL DS Module

SelectFieldDS#1

SelectFieldDS#2

SelectFieldDS#3

SelectFieldDS#4

SelectFieldDS#5

SelectFieldDS#6

SelectFieldDS#7

Single_OL_DS_Out

ID_Number

Creation_Time

Data

Number_of_Bits

Wavelength

Single_OL_DS_In

Opt_Power_Level

Data_Rate


InputsWDM_OL_DS_In

OutputsWDM_OL_DS_Out ID_NumberCreation_TimeActive_Waves (datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.Vector.VectorOfWaves)

FIFOWithPeekReject module in DE domainModule which implements a fixed length FIFO queue with a peek option.

Enabling the 'PeakTrigger' input causes a copy of the data structure at the head of thequeue to be put on the output port 'PeekedOutput'. If nothing is in the queue when thePeekTrigger is enabled, the output 'NothingToSend' is enabled. Note that the peek optiondoes not remove the data structure from the queue.

Data Structures enter the 'QueueInput' port and are queued in a First In First Out (FIFO)order. That is, the oldest data structures in this module leave first. When the'ClearToSend' port is enabled the data structure at the head of the queue exits the 'Queue-Output' port. If the queue is empty when the 'ClearToSend' port is enabled the next arriv-ing data structure will be allowed to flow through (no queueing delay). Any additionalenables of the 'ClearToSend' port when the queue is empty are ignored.

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Figure 16: Extract Fields WDM OL DS Module

SelectFieldDS#1

SelectFieldDS#2

SelectFieldDS#3

WDM_OL_DS_Out

ID_Number

Creation_Time

Active_Waves

WDM_OL_DS_In


If the parameter 'InitialQueueState' is set to 'InitialInputFlowsThrough' then the first datastructure arriving to the queue flows through with no delay, else the first data structurewaits for a 'ClearToSend' signal.

The first queue overflow displays a message and at the end of the simulation the totalnumber of queue overflows for this queue will be displayed.

InputsClearToSendPeekTriggerQueueInput

OutputsNothingToSendOverflowPeekedOutputQueueOutput

ParametersInitialQueueStateMaximumQueueSizeQueueRejectMechanism

MemoriesQueueMemory

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Figure 17: FIFO with Peek Reject Module

InsertPriority#1

RemovePriority#1

PeekPriority#1GenIntConst#1

GenIntConst#2

GenIntConst#3M QueueMemory

QueueInput

ClearToSend

PeekTrigger

QueueOutput

PeekedOutput

NothingToSend

Overflow


Inser t_Single_OL_in_WDM module in DE domainThis module provides function to add Single OL wavelength (Single_ OL_ In) intoWDM OL (WDM_ OL_ In).If frequency of Single OL already exists in WDM OL, bothinput signals are dropped without insertion to “Single_ Interfere” and “WDM_ Interfere”ports. Otherwise, Single OL is inserted into WDM and new WDM is placed at output port(WDM_ OL_ Out).

InputsWDM_OL_In Single_OL_In

OutputsWDM_OL_Out WDM_Interfere Single_Interfere

Laser_Source module in DE domainThis module creates fixed wavelength and power according to parameters setting. Wave-length can be specified by parameter “Laser_ Wavelength” . An associated power levelcan be set through parameter “Opt_ Power_ Level” . The power fluctuation is the ripple ofthe Opt_ Power_ Level. Fluctuation wave form is set through “Laser_ Power_ Fluctua-tion_ Vector” . Refer to /DE/ Sources/ WaveForm for more details how to set this parame-ter.

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Figure 18: Inser t Single OL in WDM Module

SelectActive Waves

SelectWavelength

WavelengthInterference

4WaySwitch

SelectActive Waves

4WaySwitch

InsertActive Waves

AddVector

WDM_OL_In

Single_OL_In

WDM_OL_Out

WDM_InterfereSingle_Interfere


InputsTriggerScalar anytype

OutputsPowerWavelength

ParametersOpt_Power_LevelLaser_Power_Fluctuation_VectorLaser_Wavelength

Low_Power_Drop module in DE domainThis module provides capability to drop any wavelength which has power lower thanpower threshold value. Input signal at “OL_ In” port can be either Single OL or WDMOL. Any wavelength of input signal that has power less than “Power_ Threshold” valueis placed at “Drop_ OL” port and others which are higher than or equal to power thresh-old are passed through “OL_ Out” port. If there is no wavelength less than power thresh-old value, “Drop_ OL” port is placed with empty WDM OL signal. In other hand, if nowavelength has power above or equal to threshold value, the empty WDM signal isplaced at “OL_ Out” port.

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Figure 19: Laser Source Module

Wavelength Gen

Power Fluctuation

SubFloat

ID Number Gen

Single_OL_Create#1Optical Power

Trigger

Single_OL_DS


InputsOL_In

OutputsOL_Out Drop_OL

ParametersLow_Power_Drop module in DE domain.

Optical_Bit_Error_Injection module in DE domainInjects error into the DS.

InputsOL_In

OutputsOL_Out

Optical_Power_Gain module in DE domainThis module provides functionality to increment power of each wavelength either SingleOL or WDM OL. By using “Power Gain Expression” internal primitive, this module canincrease power associated with wavelength individually. If empty WDM is received at in-put, the empty WDM output is placed at “OL_ Out” port. There are three parameters as-sociated with this module, refer to “Power Gain Expression” for more details how to usethese parameters.

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Figure 20: Low Power Drop Module

LengthOfVector

I>C

AccessElementVector

Counter

I== I==C

SelectPower Level

OneWay

R<C

TypeSwitchWDM_OL

SelectActive Waves

CreateVectorOfWaves

AddVector

CreateVectorOfWaves

AddVector

Gate

Gate

GateExecuteInOrder

1 2

InsertActive Waves

InsertActive Waves

ExecuteInOrder

12

ExecuteInOrder

12

Gate

Gate

False

SelectPower Level

R<C

OL_In

OL_Out

Drop_OL

Any single wavelengthwhich has power LESS

THAN threshold willbe dropped

For WDM

If zero wavelength in WDM,bypass signal

For single wavelength


Inputs OL_In

OutputsOL_Out

ParametersGain_dBGain_FactorGain_Selection (datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.ENUM.PowerSelection{ dB} )

Optical_Power_Loss module in DE domainThis module provides functionality to decrement power of each wavelength either SingleOL or WDM OL. By using “Power Loss Expression” internal primitive, this module candecrease power associated with wavelength individually. If empty WDM is received atinput, the empty WDM output is placed at “OL_ Out” port. There are three parametersassociated with this module, refer to “Power Loss Expression” for more details how touse these parameters.

InputsOL_In

OutputsOL_Out

ParametersLoss_dBLoss_Factor

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Figure 21: Optical Power Gain Module

TypeSwitchWDM_OL

SelectWavelength

SelectPower Level

InsertPower Level

SelectActive Waves

LengthOfVector

I>C

AccessElementVector

Counter

I== I==C

SelectWavelength

SelectPower Level

InsertPower Level

SetElementVector

OneWay

Gate InsertActive Waves

Gate

Power GainExpressionPower

Power GainExpressionPower

OL_In

OL_Out


For WDM



Loss_Selection (datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.ENUM.PowerSelection{ dB} )

Power_Gain_Expression__Single_ pr imitive in DE domainThis primitive provides capability to change power at “Power_ In” port with associated to“Freq” value. The equations given to “Power_ Out” are derived in primitive code. Referto primitive code for equations. There are three parameters using in conjunction withprimitive code. “Gain_ Selection” defined as enum type is type of calculation. If Gain_Selection is “dB”, the power increment calculation is increased in amount of dB. If Gain_Selection is “Factor” , the power increment calculation is increased in percentage of“Power_ In” value. “Gain_ dB” is amount of dB to be incremented. “Gain_ Factor” ispercentage of “Power_ In” to be incremented. Note that “Gain_ Factor” is range between0 and 1.

InputsFreqPower_In

OutputsPower_Out

ParametersGain_dBGain_FactorGain_Selection (datastruct OPN_Version_1_0:Root.ENUM.PowerSelection{ dB} )

Power_Loss_Expression__Single_ pr imitive in DE domainThis primitive provides capability to change power at “Power_ In” port with associated to“Freq” value. The equations given to “Power_ Out” are derived in primitive code. Referto primitive code for equations. There are three parameters using in conjunction with

26

Figure 22: Optical Power Loss Module

TypeSwitchWDM_OL

SelectWavelength

SelectPower Level

Power LossExpressionPower

InsertPower Level

SelectActive Waves

LengthOfVector

I>C

AccessElementVector

Counter

I== I==C

SelectWavelength

SelectPower Level

Power LossExpressionPower

InsertPower Level

SetElementVector

OneWay

Gate InsertActive Waves

GateOL_In

OL_Out


For WDM



primitive code. “Loss_ Selection” defined as enum type is type of calculation. If Loss_Selection is “dB”, the power decrement calculation is decreased in amount of dB. IfLoss_ Selection is “Factor” , the power decrement calculation is decreased in percentageof “Power_ In” value. “Loss_ dB” is amount of dB to be decremented. “Loss_ Factor” ispercentage of “Power_ In” to be decremented. Note that “Loss_ Factor” is range between0 and 1.

InputsFreqPower_In

OutputsPower_Out

ParametersLoss_dBLoss_FactorLoss_Selection (datastruct OPN_Version_1_0:Root.ENUM.PowerSelection{ dB} )

Remove_Single_OL_From_WDM module in DE domainThis module provides function to remove any wavelength specified at “Wavelength” portfrom WDM OL (WDM_ OL_ In). If specified wavelength exists in WDM OL, its SingleOL is removed from WDM OL and places at “Single_ OL_ Out” port. The remainingwavelengths are passed through “WDM_ OL_ Out” port. If specified wavelength doesnot exist in WDM OL, WDM OL input is passed through “WDM_ OL_ NotFound” port.If WDM OL is empty, input signal is passed through “WDM_ OL_ Empty” port.

InputsWDM_OL_InWavelength

Outputs

27

Figure 23: Remove Single OL from WDM Module

SelectActive Waves

WavelengthInterference

4WaySwitch

DelElementVector

SelectActive Waves

Gate

InsertActive Waves

AccessElementVector

WDM_OL_In

Wavelength

WDM_OL_Out

WDM_OL_NotFound WDM_OL_Empty

Single_OL_Out


WDM_OL_Out WDM_OL_NotFound WDM_OL_Empty Single_OL_Out

Remove_Wavelength_from_Single_OL module in DE domainThis module removes Single OL wavelength by replacing all fields of Single OL struc-ture with default values. These default values are considered as empty wavelength in Sin-gle OL.

InputsSingle_OL_In

OutputsSingle_OL_Out

Single_OL_Create module in DE domainThis module creates Single OL structure by giving ID, Wavelength and Power.

InputsIDWavelengthPower

28

Figure 24: Remove Wavelength from Single OL Module

SetNumberOfBits

SetWavelength

SetPower Level

Single_OL_In Single_OL_Out

Figure 25: Single OL Create Module

CreateSingle OL

InsertID Number

InsertCreation Time

TNow

InsertWavelength

InsertPower Level

ID

Wavelength

Power

Single_OL_DS


OutputsSingle_OL

Single_to_WDM_OL module in DE domainThis module converts Single OL structure to WDM OL structure. By inserting Single OLinto new WDM OL, the output port (WDM_ OL) is placed WDM OL signal with onesingle wavelength corresponding to Single OL input.

InputsSingle_OL

OutputsWDM_OL

Splitting_Module module in DE domain This module splits optical signal either single or WDM OL from one input port (OL_ In)to two output ports (OL_ Out_ 1, OL_ Out_ 2). The power level of each output channel isdefined by individual splitting ratio (CH1_ Ratio, CH2_ Ratio).

InputsOL_In

OutputsOL_Out_1 OL_Out_2

ParametersCH1_Ratio (Splitting ratio is defined by loss factor of channel 1. Channel 2 is the remain

ing of channel 1. The value of loss factor is between [0,1]) CH2_Ratio

29

Figure 26: Single to WDM OL MOdule

WDM OLCreate

IConst

InsertSingle_OL in WDMSingle_OL

WDM_OL


Str ing_to_DS pr imitive in DE domainConverts the string representation of a data structure into the actual data structure.

InputsStringType

OutputsData_Structure

Tunable_Laser_Source module in DE domainThis internal is used in the Discrete Tunable Optical Transmitter Module. Upon receivinga trigger this internal places values for the Opt_ Power and Wavelength on the outputports. The optical power is set by the parameter “Optical_ Power_ Level” and can befluctuated by the parameter “Optical_ Power_ Fluctuation_ Vector” . Refer to DE/Sources/ WaveForm for more details on how to set this parameter. The output wave-length can be changed between a set of discrete values contained within the memorymodule “Discrete_ Wavelength_ Vector” . The number and value of the wavelengths inthe table can be altered by clicking on the memory module and changing the Value field{ # of WL: WL 0 WL 1 …} . The initial output wavelength is the first value in the table.Anew wavelength can be selected by placing its index (0, 1, 2 …) on the Change_ Trans-mit_ Wavelength port. Indices are stored in memory and remain until replaced.

30

Figure 27: Splitting Module

Optical PowerLoss Ratio CH1

Optical PowerLoss Ratio CH2

OL_In

OL_Out_1

OL_Out_2


InputsTriggerChange_Transmit_Wavelength

OutputsOpt_PowerWavelength

ParametersSwitching_TimeInitial_WavelengthLaser_Power_Fluctuation_VectorOne period of the output waveform.Opt_Power_Level

MemoriesTransmit_Wavelength

Wavelength_Inter ference module in DE domainThis module determines the specified wavelength whether or not it already exists inWDM OL signal. By giving wavelength to test at “Wave_ Test” port, all wavelengths inWDM OL given at “Wave_ Vector” port are tested against Wave_ Test. The results oftesting wavelength are given as following:

31

Figure 28: TUnable Laser Source Module

Opt Power Level

Initial Wavelength

Power Fluctuation

SubFloat

Init Memory Write

Memory Read

Wavelength_Switching_Time

Single_OL_Create#1

ID Number Gen

Tunning Cutoff

M Transmit_Wavelength

Trigger


Single_OL_DS


Inputs Waves_Vector Wave_Test

OutputsInterference

WDM_OL_Create module in DE domainThis module creates WDM OL structure with empty wavelength inside. The ID numberof WDM is given at input port.

InputsID

OutputsWDM_OL

WDM_to_Single_OL module in DE domainThis module converts WDM OL signal to Single OL signal. If the given WDM OL at“WDM_ OL” port is empty, the input signal will be discarded and no event at “Single_

32

Figure 29: Wavelength Inter ference Module

LengthOfVector

I>C

AccessElementVector

Counter

I== I==C

SelectWavelength

R==

I==C

Empty

Gate

Merge1

2

False

Merge

1

2

3

Synchronize

LocalMEM

OneWay

Waves_Vector

Wave_Test

Interference

The definition of integer shown at output port-2 = WDM is empty-1 = no interference detected0 or greater = interference detected

Figure 30: WDM OL Create Module

CreateWDM OL

InsertID Number

InsertCreation Time

TNow

InsertActive Waves

CreateVectorOfWaves

ID

WDM_OL


OL” output port. If the given WDM OL contains more than one wavelength, the inputsignal will be ignored and no event at output port 5 . Therefore, using this module mustmake sure that there is only one wavelength carrying in WDM OL. If only one wave-length in WDM OL input signal, the Single OL will be extracted from WDM OL andplaced at “Single_ OL” output port.

InputsWDM_OL

OutputsSingle_OL

33

Figure 31: WDM to Single OL Module

SelectActive Waves

LengthOfVector

I>C I>C

AccessElementVector

IConst

WDM_OL Single_OL


4.3 Components

4.3.1 OADM1_Channel_OADM__Inver t_Filter_ module in DE domainThis module performs optical add/ drop multiplexer (OADM) with adding and droppingone specified wavelength. This module exploits optical filters and invert filters to add anddrop a specified wavelength. Adding and dropping frequency may or may not be thesame frequency. If there are different, the adding wavelength is checked against inputwavelengths whether it already exists. If adding wavelength already exists, the existingwavelength will be dropped by optical invert filter and the new wavelength signal will bereplaced. In case of dropping wavelength, if the specified wavelength to be dropped doesnot exists in input signal, the empty WDM OL is created at “Drop_ OL”. Refer to internalelements section for more details of each module.

InputsOL_In Add_OL Wavelength_OutWavelength_In

Outputs Drop_OL OL_Out

2_Channel_OADM__Inver t_Filter_ module in DE domainThis module performs optical add/ drop multiplexer (OADM) with adding and droppingtwo specified wavelengths. This module exploits 1- Channel OADM module to add anddrop specified wavelengths. Adding and dropping frequency may or may not be the same

34

Figure 32: Channel OADM Inver t Filter Module

Splitter1

2

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalInvert Filter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalInvert Filter

L H

Unit Cost

CouplingModule

1

2OL_In

Add_OLDrop_OL

OL_Out

Wavelength_Drop Wavelength_Add


frequency. If there are different, the adding wavelength is checked against input wave-lengths whether it already exists. If adding wavelength already exists, the existing wave-length will be dropped and the new wavelength signal will be replaced. In case of drop-ping wavelength, if the specified wavelength to be dropped does not exists in input. sig-nal, the empty WDM OL is created at “Drop_ OL”. Refer to “1 Channel OADM” modulefor more details.

InputsOL_In Add_OL_1 Wavelength_Out_1 Wavelength_In_1Add_OL_2 Wavelength_Out_2Wavelength_In_2

OutputsDrop_OL_1 OL_Out Drop_OL_2

4_Channel_OADM__Inver t_Filter_ module in DE domainThis module performs optical add/ drop multiplexer (OADM) with adding and droppingtwo specified wavelengths. This module exploits 2 Channel OADM module to add anddrop specified wavelengths. Adding and dropping frequency may or may not be the samefrequency. If there are different, the adding wavelength is checked against input wave-lengths whether it already exists. If adding wavelength already exists, the existing wave-length will be dropped and the new wavelength signal will be replaced. In case of drop-

35

Figure 33: 2 Channel OADM Inver t Filter Module

1 ChannelOADM

1 ChannelOADM

Unit Cost

OL_In

Add_OL_1Drop_OL_1

OL_Out

Wavelength_Drop_1 Wavelength_Add_1 Wavelength_Drop_2 Wavelength_Add_2

Add_OL_2Drop_OL_2


ping wavelength, if the specified wavelength to be dropped does not exists in input sig-nal, the empty WDM OL is created at “Drop_ OL”. Refer to “2 Channel OADM” modulefor more details.

InputsAdd_OL_1Add_OL_2Add_OL_3 Add_OL_4 OL_In Wavelength_In_1Wavelength_In_2Wavelength_In_3Wavelength_In_4Wavelength_Out_1Wavelength_Out_2Wavelength_Out_3Wavelength_Out_4

OutputsDrop_OL_1 OL_Out Drop_OL_2 Drop_OL_3 Drop_OL_4

4.3.2 Couplers2x1_Coupler module in DE domainThis module couples two input optical signals to WDM output signal. Input signal can beeither single or WDM OL but output signal is always WDM OL. If only one signal at in-put port is received at particular time, this signal can pass through output without cou-pling. Each channel has coupling ratio which can be defined individually. Each input porthas input coupling loss which can be defined in dB as well as output coupling loss. The

36

Figure 34: 4 Channel OADM Inver t Filter Module

2 ChannelOADM

2 ChannelOADM

Unit Cost

OL_In

Add_OL_1Drop_OL_1

OL_Out


Add_OL_2Drop_OL_2


Add_OL_3Drop_OL_3 Add_OL_4Drop_OL_4


coupling module is exploited from internal library; refer to “2x1 Coupler Module” formore details.

InputsOL_In_1 OL_In_2

OutputsWDM_OL_Out Parameters:Input_Coupling_Loss_CH1Input_Coupling_Loss_CH2Output_Coupling_LossCoupling_Ratio_CH1Coupling_Ratio_CH2InitTimeStopTimeInterPulseTime

2x4_Coupler module in DE domainThis module couples two input optical signals and splits coupled signal into four outputscorresponding to coupling and splitting ratio of each input port and output port. Input sig-nal can be either single or WDM OL but output ports are always WDM OL. If only onesignal at input port is received at particular time, this signal can pass through and split tooutputs without coupling. Each channel has coupling ratio which can be defined individu-ally. Each input port has input coupling loss which can be defined in dB as well as outputcoupling loss. The coupling module is exploited from internal library; refer to “2x1 Cou-pler Module” for more details. The splitting module is exploited from internal library; re-fer to “1x4 Splitting Module” for more details.

37

Figure 35: 2X1 Coupler Module

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

Unit Cost

2x1 CouplerModule

OL_In_1

OL_In_2

WDM_OL_Out




ParametersInput_Coupling_Loss_CH1Input_Coupling_Loss_CH2Coupling_Ratio_CH1Coupling_Ratio_CH2Output_Coupling_Loss_CH1Output_Coupling_Loss_CH2Output_Coupling_Loss_CH3Output_Coupling_Loss_CH4 Splitting_Ratio_CH2Splitting_Ratio_CH3Splitting_Ratio_CH4InitTimeStopTimeInterPulseTime

38


InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

1x4 SplittingModule

1

2

3

4

CouplerModule

Unit Cost

OL_In_1

OL_In_2

OL_Out_1

OL_Out_2

OL_Out_3

OL_Out_4


2x8_Coupler module in DE domainThis module couples two input optical signals and splits coupled signal into eight outputscorresponding to coupling and splitting ratio of each input port and output port. Input sig-nal can be either single or WDM OL but output ports are always WDM OL. If only onesignal at input port is received at particular time, this signal can pass through and split tooutputs without coupling. Each channel has coupling ratio which can be defined individ-ually. Each input port has input coupling loss which can be defined in dB as well as out-put coupling loss. The coupling module is exploited from internal library; refer to “2x1Coupler Module” for more details. The splitting module is exploited from internal li-brary; refer to “1x8 Splitting Module” for more details.


OutputsOL_Out_1 OL_Out_2

39


InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

1x8 SplittingModule

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CouplerModule

Unit Cost

OL_In_1

OL_In_2

OL_Out_1

OL_Out_2

OL_Out_3

OL_Out_4

OL_Out_5

OL_Out_6

OL_Out_7

OL_Out_8


OL_Out_3 OL_Out_4 OL_Out_5 OL_Out_6 OL_Out_7 OL_Out_8

ParametersInput_Coupling_Loss_CH1Input_Coupling_Loss_CH2Coupling_Ratio_CH1Coupling_Ratio_CH2Output_Coupling_Loss_CH1Output_Coupling_Loss_CH2Output_Coupling_Loss_CH3Output_Coupling_Loss_CH4Splitting_Ratio_CH2Splitting_Ratio_CH3Splitting_Ratio_CH4Splitting_Ratio_CH5Splitting_Ratio_CH6Splitting_Ratio_CH7Splitting_Ratio_CH8Output_Coupling_Loss_CH5Output_Coupling_Loss_CH6Output_Coupling_Loss_CH7Output_Coupling_Loss_CH8InitTimeStopTimeInterPulseTimefloat

4x1_Coupler module in DE domainThis module couples four input optical signals to WDM output signal. Input signal can beeither single or WDM OL but output signal is always WDM OL. If only one signal at in-put port is received at particular time, this signal can pass through output without cou-pling. Each channel has coupling ratio which can be defined individually. Each input porthas input coupling loss which can be defined in dB as well as output coupling loss. Thecoupling module is exploited from internal library; refer to “4x1 Coupler Module” formore details.

40


InputsOL_In_1 OL_In_2 OL_In_3 OL_In_4

OutputsWDM_OL_Out

ParametersInput_Coupling_Loss_CH1Input_Coupling_Loss_CH2Output_Coupling_LossCoupling_Ratio_CH1Coupling_Ratio_CH2Input_Coupling_Loss_CH3Input_Coupling_Loss_CH4Coupling_Ratio_CH3Coupling_Ratio_CH4InitTimeStopTimeInterPulseTime

41


InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

4x1 CouplingModule

1

2

3

4

Unit Cost

OL_In_1

OL_In_2

WDM_OL_Out

OL_In_3

OL_In_4


4x4_Coupler module in DE domainThis module couples four input optical signals and splits coupled signal into four outputscorresponding to coupling and splitting ratio of each input port and output port. Input sig-nal can be either single or WDM OL but output ports are always WDM OL. If only onesignal at input port is received at particular time, this signal can pass through and split tooutputs without coupling. Each channel has coupling ratio which can be defined individu-ally. Each input port has input coupling loss which can be defined in dB as well as outputcoupling loss. The coupling module is exploited from internal library; refer to “4x1 Cou-pler Module” for more details. The splitting module is exploited from internal library; re-fer to “1x4 Splitting Module” for more details.

InputsOL_In_1 OL_In_2 OL_In_3 OL_In_4


ParametersInput_Coupling_Loss_CH1Input_Coupling_Loss_CH2Coupling_Ratio_CH1

42


1x4 SplittingModule

1

2

3

4

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

4x1 CouplingModule

1

2

3

4

Unit Cost

OL_In_1

OL_In_2

OL_Out_1

OL_Out_2

OL_Out_3

OL_Out_4

OL_In_3

OL_In_4


Coupling_Ratio_CH2Output_Coupling_Loss_CH1Output_Coupling_Loss_CH2Output_Coupling_Loss_CH3Output_Coupling_Loss_CH4Splitting_Ratio_CH2Splitting_Ratio_CH3Splitting_Ratio_CH4Input_Coupling_Loss_CH3Input_Coupling_Loss_CH4Coupling_Ratio_CH3Coupling_Ratio_CH4InitTimeStopTimeInterPulseTime

8x1_Coupler module in DE domainThis module couples eight input optical signals to WDM output signal. Input signal canbe either single or WDM OL but output signal is always WDM OL. If only one signal atinput port is received at particular time, this signal can pass through output without cou-pling. Each channel has coupling ratio which can be defined individually. Each input porthas input coupling loss which can be defined in dB as well as output coupling loss. Thecoupling module is exploited from internal library; refer to “8x1 Coupler Module” formore details.

InputsOL_In_1 OL_In_2 OL_In_3 OL_In_4 OL_In_5 OL_In_6 OL_In_7 OL_In_8

OutputsOL_Out

ParametersInput_Coupling_Loss_CH1Input_Coupling_Loss_CH2Output_Coupling_LossCoupling_Ratio_CH1Coupling_Ratio_CH2

43


Input_Coupling_Loss_CH3Input_Coupling_Loss_CH4Coupling_Ratio_CH3Coupling_Ratio_CH4Input_Coupling_Loss_CH5Input_Coupling_Loss_CH6Input_Coupling_Loss_CH7Input_Coupling_Loss_CH8Coupling_Ratio_CH5Coupling_Ratio_CH6Coupling_Ratio_CH7

44


InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

8x1 CouplingModule

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Unit Cost

OL_In_1

OL_In_2

OL_In_3

OL_In_4

OL_In_5

OL_In_6

OL_In_7

OL_In_8

OL_Out


Coupling_Ratio_CH8InitTimeStopTimeInterPulseTime

8x8_Coupler module in DE domainThis module couples eight input optical signals and splits coupled signal into four outputscorresponding to coupling and splitting ratio of each input port and output port. Input sig-nal can be either single or WDM OL but output ports are always WDM OL. If only onesignal at input port is received at particular time, this signal can pass through and split tooutputs without coupling. Each channel has coupling ratio which can be defined individu-ally. Each input port has input coupling loss which can be defined in dB as well as outputcoupling loss. The coupling module is exploited from internal library; refer to “8x1 Cou-pler Module” for more details. The splitting module is exploited from internal library; re-fer to “1x8 Splitting Module” for more details.

InputsOL_In_1 OL_In_2 OL_In_3 OL_In_4 OL_In_5 OL_In_6 OL_In_7 OL_In_8

OutputsOL_Out_1 OL_Out_2 OL_Out_3 OL_Out_4 OL_Out_5 OL_Out_6 OL_Out_7OL_Out_8

45


ParametersInput_Coupling_Loss_CH1Input_Coupling_Loss_CH2Coupling_Ratio_CH1Coupling_Ratio_CH2Input_Coupling_Loss_CH3Input_Coupling_Loss_CH4Coupling_Ratio_CH3Coupling_Ratio_CH4Input_Coupling_Loss_CH5Input_Coupling_Loss_CH6Input_Coupling_Loss_CH7Input_Coupling_Loss_CH8Coupling_Ratio_CH5Coupling_Ratio_CH6Coupling_Ratio_CH7Coupling_Ratio_CH8Splitting_Ratio_CH1Splitting_Ratio_CH2tSplitting_Ratio_CH3

46


InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

InputCoupling Loss

1x8 SplittingModule

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

8x1 CouplingModule

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Unit Cost

OL_In_1

OL_In_2

OL_In_3

OL_In_4

OL_In_5

OL_In_6

OL_In_7

OL_In_8

OL_Out_1

OL_Out_2

OL_Out_3

OL_Out_4

OL_Out_5

OL_Out_6

OL_Out_7

OL_Out_8


Splitting_Ratio_CH4Splitting_Ratio_CH5Splitting_Ratio_CH6Splitting_Ratio_CH7Splitting_Ratio_CH8Output_Coupling_Loss_CH1Output_Coupling_Loss_CH2Output_Coupling_Loss_CH3Output_Coupling_Loss_CH4Output_Coupling_Loss_CH5Output_Coupling_Loss_CH6Output_Coupling_Loss_CH7Output_Coupling_Loss_CH8InitTimeStopTimeInterPulseTime

4.3.3 DEMUX1x2_DEMUX module in DE domainThis module performs optical DEMUX by specified wavelengths to be demultiplexed.Optical input signal is split to number of output ports of DEMUX. Each split signal ispassed through optical filter to select desired wavelength. By giving tuning wavelength,each output signal can be demultiplexed corresponding to those wavelengths. Refer to“Optical Filter” for more details how to use this module. Filtered signals from optical fil-ter are WDM OL structure with only one wavelength. “WDM to Single_ OL” convertsWDM OL to Single OL structure for outputs.

47

Figure 42: 1X2 DEMUX Module

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

Splitter1

2

WDM toSingle_OL

WDM toSingle_OL

Unit Cost

WDM_OL_In

Single_OL_Out1

Single_OL_Out2

Wavelength_1 Wavelength_2


InputsWDM_OL_In Wavelength_1Wavelength_2

OutputsSingle_OL_Out1 Single_OL_Out2

ParametersInput_Coupling_LossTune_DelayAmount of time delay.Output_Coupling_Loss_CH1Output_Coupling_Loss_CH2

1x4_DEMUX module in DE domainThis module performs optical DEMUX by specified wavelengths to be demultiplexed.Optical input signal is split to number of output ports of DEMUX. Each split signal ispassed through optical filter to select desired wavelength. By giving tuning wavelength,each output signal can be demultiplexed corresponding to those wavelengths. Refer to“Optical Filter” for more details how to use this module. Filtered signals from optical fil-ter are WDM OL structure with only one wavelength. “WDM to Single_ OL” convertsWDM OL to Single OL structure for outputs.

48

Figure 43: 1X4 DEMUX Module

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

WDM toSingle_OL

WDM toSingle_OL

1x4Splitter

1

2

3

4

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

WDM toSingle_OL

WDM toSingle_OL

Unit Cost

WDM_OL_In

Single_OL_Out1

Single_OL_Out2


Single_OL_Out3

Single_OL_Out4



InputsWDM_OL_In Wavelength_1Wavelength_2Wavelength_3Wavelength_4

OutputsSingle_OL_Out1 Single_OL_Out2 Single_OL_Out3 Single_OL_Out4

ParametersInput_Coupling_LossTune_Delay

1x8_DEMUX module in DE domainThis module performs optical DEMUX by specified wavelengths to be demultiplexed.Optical input signal is split to number of output ports of DEMUX. Each split signal ispassed through optical filter to select desired wavelength. By giving tuning wavelength,each output signal can be demultiplexed corresponding to those wavelengths. Refer to“Optical Filter” for more details how to use this module. Filtered signals from optical fil-ter are WDM OL structure with only one wavelength. “WDM to Single_ OL” convertsWDM OL to Single OL structure for outputs.

InputsWDM_OL_In Wavelength_1Wavelength_2Wavelength_3Wavelength_4Wavelength_5Wavelength_6Wavelength_7Wavelength_8

OutputsSingle_OL_Out1 Single_OL_Out2 Single_OL_Out3 Single_OL_Out4 Single_OL_Out5 Single_OL_Out6

49


Single_OL_Out7 Single_OL_Out8

ParametersInput_Coupling_LossTune_DelayOutput_Coupling_Loss_CH1Output_Coupling_Loss_CH2Output_Coupling_Loss_CH3Output_Coupling_Loss_CH4

50

Figure 441X8 DEMUX Module

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

WDM toSingle_OL

WDM toSingle_OL

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

WDM toSingle_OL

WDM toSingle_OL

1x8Splitter

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

WDM toSingle_OL

WDM toSingle_OL

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

WDM toSingle_OL

WDM toSingle_OL

Unit Cost

WDM_OL_In

Single_OL_Out1

Single_OL_Out2


Single_OL_Out3

Single_OL_Out4


Single_OL_Out5

Single_OL_Out6

Single_OL_Out7

Single_OL_Out8

Wavelength_5Wavelength_6Wavelength_7Wavelength_8


Output_Coupling_Loss_CH5Output_Coupling_Loss_CH6Output_Coupling_Loss_CH7Output_Coupling_Loss_CH8

4.3.4 MUX2x1_MUX module in DE domain

This module performs optical MUX by specified wavelengths to be multiplexed. Eachoptical signal at input port (OL_ In1: OL_ In2) passes through optical filter to selectwavelength to be multiplexed. Refer to “Optical Filter” for more details how to use thismodule. The filtered signals are multiplexed by using “2x1 Coupler” and place coupledsignal at output port (WDM_ OL_ Out).

InputsOL_In1 OL_In2 Wavelength_1 Wavelength_2

51

Figure 45: 2X1 MUX Module

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

Unit Cost

CouplingModule

1

2

OL_In1

OL_In2

WDM_OL_Out



OutputsWDM_OL_Out (datastruct:SystemDS:Root.Packet)

ParametersInput_Coupling_Loss_CH2Input_Coupling_Loss_CH1Output_Coupling_LossTune_DelayAmount of time delay.

4x1_MUX module in DE domainThis module performs optical MUX by specified wavelengths to be multiplexed. Eachoptical signal at input port (OL_ In1: OL_ In4) passes through optical filter to selectwavelength to be multiplexed. Refer to “Optical Filter” for more details how to use thismodule. The filtered signals are multiplexed by using “4x1 Coupler” and place coupledsignal at output port (WDM_ OL_ Out).

52


OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

Unit Cost

CouplerModule

1

2

3

4

OL_In1

OL_In2

WDM_OL_Out


OL_In3

OL_In4



InputsOL_In1 OL_In2 Wavelength_1Wavelength_2OL_In3 OL_In4 Wavelength_3Wavelength_4


ParametersInput_Coupling_Loss_CH2Input_Coupling_Loss_CH1Output_Coupling_LossTune_DelayInput_Coupling_Loss_CH3Input_Coupling_Loss_CH4

8x1_MUX module in DE domainThis module performs optical MUX by specified wavelengths to be multiplexed. Eachoptical signal at input port (OL_ In1: OL_ In8) passes through optical filter to selectwavelength to be multiplexed. Refer to “Optical Filter” for more details how to use thismodule. The filtered signals are multiplexed by using “8x1 Coupler” and place coupledsignal at output port (WDM_ OL_ Out).

InputsOL_In1 OL_In2 OL_In3 OL_In4 OL_In5 OL_In6 OL_In7 OL_In8 Wavelength_1Wavelength_2Wavelength_3Wavelength_4Wavelength_5Wavelength_6Wavelength_7

53


Wavelength_8

54


OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

OpticalFilter

L H

Unit Cost

CouplingModule

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

OL_In1

OL_In2

WDM_OL_Out


OL_In3

OL_In4


OL_In5

OL_In6

OL_In7

OL_In8

Wavelength_5Wavelength_6Wavelength_7Wavelength_8



ParametersInput_Coupling_Loss_CH1Input_Coupling_Loss_CH2Input_Coupling_Loss_CH3Input_Coupling_Loss_CH4Input_Coupling_Loss_CH5Input_Coupling_Loss_CH6Input_Coupling_Loss_CH7Input_Coupling_Loss_CH8Tune_DelayOutput_Coupling_Loss

4.3.5 Optical Switch1x2_Optical_Switch module in DE domainThis module routes incoming Optical Layer Data Structures (Single OL DS or WDM OLDS) to one of the two output ports. Routing decisions are made by an external control de-vice and transmitted to the switch using Switch Control Data Structures. When a SwitchControl DS is received it is checked to ensure that it is the correct type, if not intended fora 1x2 switch it is placed on the Incorrect Ctrl port and no action is taken. If the switchtype is correct, the Control Vector is written into memory and used to configure the 1x2Logical Switch primitive to route the Optical Layer Data Structures as desired. The rout-ing configuration of a switch will remain the same until a Switch Control DS is received.The initial setup of the switch routes the input to the output 1 port. The switch does notsupport multicasting (the input can be switched to only one output).

55

Figure 48: 1X2 Optical Switch Module

EIO 1

2

Gen Int = 0Access

Vector Element

IntEqThresh

EIO 1

2

Gen Int = 0Access

Vector Element

IntEqThreshInsertion

Loss

InsertionLoss

Unit Cost Elec Power Use

Memory WriteSwitchDelay

TunningCutoff

M Switch_Setup_Vector

OL_DS_In2

OL_DS_Out

OL_DS_In1

Control_Vector


InputsOL_DS_In Switch_Ctrl_In (datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.Switch_Control)

OutputsOL_DS_Out1 OL_DS_Out2 Incorrect_Ctrldatastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.Switch_Control

ParametersInsertion_Loss_dBSwitch_Delay

MemoriesSwitch_Setup_Vector

1x4_Optical_Switch module in DE domainThis module routes incoming Optical Layer Data Structures (Single OL DS or WDM OLDS) to one of the four output ports. Routing decisions are made by an external control de-vice and transmitted to the switch using Switch Control Data Structures. When a SwitchControl DS is received it is checked to ensure that it is the correct type, if not intended fora 1x4 switch it is placed on the Incorrect Ctrl port and no action is taken. If the switchtype is correct, the Control Vector is written into memory and used to configure the 1x2Logical Switch primitive to route the Optical Layer Data Structures as desired. The rout-ing configuration of a switch will remain the same until a Switch Control DS is received.The initial setup of the switch routes the input to the output 1 port. The switch does notsupport multicasting (the input can be switched to only one output).

InputsOL_DS_In Switch_Ctrl_In (datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.Switch_Control)

56


EIO1

2


Gen Int = 0

InsertionLoss 1x4 Switch

Access MemoryVector Element

Unit Cost

Elec Power Use

Tunning Cutoff

Tunning Cutoff

Tunning Cutoff

Tunning Cutoff


OL_DS_In

OL_DS_Out1

OL_DS_Out2

OL_DS_Out3

OL_DS_Out4

Control_Vector

Routing setup remainsconstant until altered by

a new control vector

Initial Setup:input -> output 1


OutputsOL_DS_Out1 OL_DS_Out2 OL_DS_Out3 OL_DS_Out4 Incorrect_Ctrl (datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.Switch_Control)

ParametersSwitch_DelayInsertion_Loss_dB


2x2_Optical_Switch module in DE domainThis module routes Optical Layer Data Structures on the input ports (Single OL DS orWDM OL DS) to one of the two output ports. Routing decisions are made by an externalcontrol device and transmitted to the switch using Switch Control Data Structures. Whena Switch Control DS is received it is checked to ensure that it is the correct type, if not in-tended for a 2x2 switch it is placed on the Incorrect Ctrl port and no action is taken. If theswitch type is correct, the Control Vector is written into memory and used to configurethe two 1x2 Logical Switch primitives to route the Optical Layer Data Structures as de-sired. The routing configuration of a switch will remain the same until a Switch ControlDS is received. The initial setup of the switch routes input 1 to the output 1 port and input2 to the output 2 port. The switch does not support multicasting (each input must beswitched to one and only one output).

57


EIO1

2

EIO1

2

Gen Int =0

Gen Int = 1Access

Vector Element

InsertionLoss

InsertionLoss

1x2 Switch

1x2 Switch

AccessVector Element

Unit Cost Elec Power Use


TunningCutoff

TunningCutoff


OL_DS_In1

OL_DS_In2

OL_DS_Out1

OL_DS_Out2

Control_Vector



Initial Setup:input 1 -> output 1input 2-> output 2


InputsOL_DS_In1 OL_DS_In2 Switch_Ctrl_DS_In (datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.Switch_Control)

OutputsOL_DS_Out1 OL_DS_Out2 Incorrect_Ctrl (datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.Switch_Control)


MemoriesSwitch_Setup_Vector (Root.IntVector)

2x4_Optical_Switch module in DE domainThis module routes Optical Layer Data Structures on the input ports (Single OL DS orWDM OL DS) to one of the four output ports. Routing decisions are made by an externalcontrol device and transmitted to the switch using Switch Control Data Structures. Whena Switch Control DS is received it is checked to ensure that it is the correct type, if not in-tended for a 2x4 switch it is placed on the Incorrect Ctrl port and no action is taken. If theswitch type is correct, the Control Vector is written into memory and used to configurethe two 1x4 Logical Switch primitives to route the Optical Layer Data Structures as de-sired. The routing configuration of a switch will remain the same until a Switch ControlDS is received. The initial setup of the switch routes input 1 to the output 1 port and input2 to the output 2 port. The switch does not support multicasting (each input must beswitched to one and only one output).

InputsOL_DS_In1 OL_DS_In2 Switch_Ctrl_In (datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.Switch_Control)


58


ParametersSwitch_DelayAmount of time delay.Insertion_LossValue in dB


4x4_Optical_Switch module in DE domainThis module routes Optical Layer Data Structures on the input ports (Single OL DS orWDM OL DS) to one of the four output ports. Routing decisions are made by an externalcontrol device and transmitted to the switch using Switch Control Data Structures. Whena Switch Control DS is received it is checked to ensure that it is the correct type, if not in-tended for a 4x4 switch it is placed on the Incorrect Ctrl port and no action is taken. If theswitch type is correct, the Control Vector is written into memory and used to configurethe four 1x4 Logical Switch primitives to route the Optical Layer Data Structures as de-sired. The routing configuration of a switch will remain the same until a Switch ControlDS is received. The initial setup of the switch routes input 1 to the output 1 port, input 2to the output 2 port, input 3 to the output 3 port and input 4 to the output 4 port. Theswitch does not support multicasting (each input must be switched to one and only oneoutput).

InputsOL_DS_In1 OL_DS_In2 OL_DS_In3 OL_DS_In4

59


EIO1

2

EIO1

2

Gen Int = 0Access

Vector Element

Gen Int = 1Access

Vector Element

InsertionLoss

InsertionLoss

1x4 Switch

1x4 Switch

Unit CostElec Power Use


Tunning Cutoff

Tunning Cutoff

Tunning Cutoff

Tunning Cutoff


OL_DS_In1

OL_DS_In2

OL_DS_Out1

OL_DS_Out2

OL_DS_Out3

OL_DS_Out4

Control_Vector



Initial Setup:input 1 -> output 1input 2 -> output 2


Switch_Ctrl_In (datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.Switch_Control)




4.3.6 Splitters1x2_Splitter module in DE domain

This module splits optical input signal to two output signals. Input coupling loss and out-put coupling loss are included with splitter. These losses are specified in dB of each port.The splitting ratio can be defined individually for each channel. The effects of splittingcan be included by adding function blocks between input and output. For this version,“CrossWaveInterference” , “OpticalBitErrorInjection” and “SplittingDelay” present theeffects of splitting.

60


EIO1

2

EIO1

2

EIO1

2

EIO1

2

Gen Int = 0

Gen Int = 1

Gen Int = 2

Gen Int = 3





InsertionLoss

InsertionLoss

InsertionLoss

InsertionLoss

1x4 Switch

1x4 Switch

1x4 Switch

1x4 switch

Unit Cost

Elec Power Use


Tunning Cutoff

Tunning Cutoff

Tunning Cutoff

Tunning Cutoff


OL_DS_In1

OL_DS_In2

OL_DS_In3

OL_DS_In4

OL_DS_Out1

OL_DS_Out2

OL_DS_Out3

OL_DS_Out4

Control_Vector



Initial Setup:input 1 -> output 1input 2 -> output 2input 3 -> output 3input 4 -> output 4


InputsOL_Indatastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.OpticalLayer

OutputsOL_Out_1datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.OpticalLayerOL_Out_2datastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.OpticalLayer

ParametersInput_Coupling_LossOutput_Coupling_Loss_1Output_Coupling_Loss_2CH1_RatioSplitter_DelayCH2_Ratio

1x4_Splitter module in DE domainThis module splits optical input signal to four output signals. Input coupling loss and out-put coupling loss are included with splitter. These losses are specified in dB of each port.The splitting ratio can be defined individually for each channel. The effects of splittingcan be included by adding function blocks between input and output. For this version,“CrossWaveInterference” , “OpticalBitErrorInjection” and “SplittingDelay” 9 present theeffects of splitting.

61

Figure 53: 1X2 Splitter Module

SplittingModule

1

2Input

Coupling Loss

Unit Cost

OL_In

OL_Out_1

OL_Out_2


InputsOL_In


ParametersInput_Coupling_LossCH1_Ratio CH2_RatioCH3_RatioCH4_RatioOutput_Coupling_Loss_CH3Output_Coupling_Loss_CH1Output_Coupling_Loss_CH2Output_Coupling_Loss_CH4Splitter_DelayAmount of time delayOutput_Coupling_Loss_CH1Output_Coupling_Loss_CH2Output_Coupling_Loss_CH3Output_Coupling_Loss_CH4

1x8_Splitter_Module module in DE domain

62


InputCoupling Loss

1x4 SplittingModule

1

2

3

4

Unit Cost

OL_In

OL_Out_1

OL_Out_2

OL_Out_3

OL_Out_4


This module splits optical signal either single or WDM OL from one input port (OL_ In)to eight output ports (OL_ Out_ 1: OL_ Out_ 8). The power level of each output channelis defined by individual splitting ratio (CH1_ Ratio: CH8_ Ratio).

InputsOL_In

OutputsOL_Out_1 OL_Out_2 OL_Out_3 OL_Out_4 OL_Out_5 OL_Out_6 OL_Out_7 OL_Out_8

ParametersCH1_RatioCH2_RatioCH3_RatioCH4_Ratio

63


InputCoupling Loss

1x8 SplittingModule

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Unit Cost

OL_In

OL_Out_1

OL_Out_2

OL_Out_3

OL_Out_4

OL_Out_5

OL_Out_6

OL_Out_7

OL_Out_8


CH5_RatioCH6 RatioCH7RatioCH8_Ratio

4.3.7 Other ModulesDiscrete_Tunable_Opt_Transmitter module in DE domainThis module emulates the functionality of many real- world tunable optical transmittersin that it has a set number of discrete wavelengths to choose from. In its default configu-ration this module has four wavelengths to choose from (1528.77nm, 1529.55nm,1530.33nm, 1531.12nm). The output wavelength is selected by placing a 0, 1, 2 or 3 (cor-responding to the index of the wavelength in the vector of values) on the Change_ Trans-mit_ Wavelength port. The initial output wavelength is in the 0 position (1528.77nm).The number and value of available wavelengths can be altered (See Discrete TunableLaser Source). All other aspects of this modules operation are identical to the OpticalTransmitter. Data and Number of Bits are input and a Single Optical Layer Data Structureis created.

InputsData_InChange_Transmit_WavelengthNumber_of_Bits

OutputsSingle_OL_DS_Outdatastruct:OPN_Version_1_0:Root.OpticalLayer.Single_OL

ParametersDS_ID_Num_StartSwitching_TimeOpt_Power_LevelOpt_Coupling_LossLaser_Power_Fluctuation_Vector (Array of dB values which will be subtracted fromOpt_Power_Level. The values represent one period of the waveform)

64


Optical_Connector module in DE domainThis module implements simple optical connector. Only one characteristic is included inthis module 18 ; optical power loss or insertion loss which is defined in dB. Input portcan be either Single OL or WDM OL structure.

InputsIn

OutputsOut

ParametersInsertion_Loss

65

Figure 56: Discrete Tunable Optical Transmitter Module

Insert Data

InsertNumber_of_Bits

Discrete_Tunable_Laser_Source#1

Unit Cost

Elec_Power_Use Insert Data RateData Rate

TransmitterDelay

DelayCalculation

Int -> Float

Data_In

Single_OL_DS


Number_of_Bits

Index of desired wavelength.Output wavelength remains constant

until new index received

To change availabel wavelengths:Enter Discrete Tunable Laser Source

Alter Value Field inDiscrete Wavelength Vector Memory module

(#of WL:WL0 WL1 ...)


Optical_Fiber module in DE domainThis module performs an optical fiber link with specified length of fiber. This fiber in-cludes some characteristics; power loss, propagation delay, cross wave interference.There is a case that propagation delay is greater than transmission delay so that more thanone packet is traveling in the link. FIFO block is used to store packets which are travelingon the link. Refer to parameters setting for details. FIFO will overflow if number of pack-et on the link is greater than desired packets. The error message is displayed and simula-tion is aborted in case of FIFO overflow.

InputsOL_In

OutputsOL_Out

ParametersPower_Loss_Per_LengthLengthDelay_Per_LengthMaximum_Flits_in_Fiber

66

Figure 57: Optical Connector Module

OpticalPower Loss

Unit Cost

In Out


Optical_Filter module in DE domainThis module performs optical filter by specified low and high boundary of filter. This fil-ter is band- pass filter.Input signal can be either Single OL or WDM OL. The boundariesare tunable and there is a delay associated with wavelength tuning. Any wavelengthwhich falls in boundaries or equal to boundaries is passed through output port. If anywavelength has power lower than power threshold, it will be dropped by “Low PowerDrop” module.

InputsOL_In Wavelength_LWavelength_H

OutputsOL_Out Low_Power

67

Figure 59: Optical Filter Module

InputCoupling Loss

TypeSwitchWDM_OL

Divide WDMWavelength

Delay


Delay

Merge1

2

SelectWavelength

ExecuteInOrder 1

2

ExecuteInOrder

1

2

R<

Switch

R>

RemoveWavelength

Switch

Merge

1

2

3

Unit Cost

LowThreshold

HighThreshold Tunning

CutoffTunningCutoff

OL_In

Wavelength_L

OL_Out

Wavelength_H

In order to tune wavelengthsat same event of data arrival,please make sure that tuning

signals are arrived beforedata signal. Otherwise, theprevious tuning thresholds

are used.

Figure 58: Optical Fiber Module

FIFOWith Reject

XmitDelay

ExecuteInOrder

1

2

Display MessageAbort Simulation

SConst Cost of Fiber

OpticalAttenuation

OL_In OL_Out

There is a possibility that more than one flit are traveling on the fiberif propagation time dalay is higher than transmission time of one flit. In this case,

internal fiber FIFO is needed to overcome this issue


ParametersInput_Coupling_LossTune_DelayInit_Tune_LowInit_Tune_HighPower_ThresholdOutput_Coupling_Loss

Optical_Inver t_Filter module in DE domainThis module performs optical invert filter by specified low and high boundary of filter.This filter is band-reject filter. Input signal can be either Single OL or WDM OL. Theboundaries are tunable and there is a delay associated with wavelength tuning. Any wave-length which locates outside boundaries is passed through output port. If any wavelengthhas power lower than power threshold, it will be dropped by “Low Power Drop” module.

InputsOL_In Wavelengt h_LWavelength_H

OutputsOL_Out Low_Power

ParametersInput_Coupling_LossTune_DelayInit_Tune_LowInit_Tune_HighPower_ThresholdOutput_Coupling_Loss

68

Figure 60: Optical Inver t Filter Module

InputCoupling Loss

TypeSwitchWDM_OL


Delay


Delay

Merge1

2

SelectWavelength

ExecuteInOrder 1

2

ExecuteInOrder

1

2

R<

Switch

R>

RemoveWavelength

Switch

Merge

1

2

3

InsertWDM In WDMRemove

Single_OL From WDM

RemoveSingle_OL From WDM

Unit Cost

LowThreshold

HighThreshold

TunningCutoff

TunningCutoff

OL_In

Wavelength_L

OL_Out

Wavelength_H

In order to tune wavelengthsat same event of data arrival,please make sure that tuning

signals are arrived beforedata signal. Otherwise, theprevious tuning thresholds

are used.


Optical_Power_Amplifier module in DE domainThis module performs optical power amplifier. Input signal can be either Single OL orWDM OL. Input coupling loss or insertion loss and output coupling loss are included inthis module. Power gain is given in unit of dB. The effects of amplifier can be represent-ed by adding functional blocks between input and output port. For this version, “Cross-WaveInterference” and “OpticalBitErrorInjection” are included for example.

InputsOL_In

OutputsOL_Out

ParametersInput_Coupling_LossOutput_Coupling_LossPower_Gain

69

Figure 61: Optical Power Amplifier Module

OpticalPower Gain

InputCoupling Loss

Unit Cost

Elec_Power_Use

OL_In OL_Out


Optical_Transmitter module in DE domainThis module creates a single optical wavelength with specified wavelength. Single OL iscreated corresponding to “Data” and “Bits” at input ports. Wavelength of signal is givenby module parameter at “Laser Source” . Refer to “Laser Source” for more details of eachparameter.

InputsDataBits

OutputsSingle_OL

ParametersStarting_ID_NumberLaser_WavelengthOutput_Coupling_LossLaser_Power_Fluctuation_VectorOpt_Power_Level

Optical_Tunable_Receiver module in DE domainThis module performs optical receiver with tunable wavelength. Either Single OL orWDM OL can place at input port. To make receiver tunable, optical filter is exploited atfront end. If selected wavelength has power less than power threshold in “Optical Filter”module, the warning message is given at console and this wavelength will be dropped. Ifinput signal is Single OL structure, it will by pass through and extract field for data. Oth-

70

Figure 62: Optical Transmitter Module

InsertData

InsertNumberOfBits

Laser Source

Insert Data Rate

Unit Cost

Elec_Power_Use

Data Rate

TransmitterDelay

DelayCalculation

Int -> Float

Data

Single_OL_DS

Number_of_Bits


erwise, only first index of WDM vector is extracted for data. If selected wavelength is un-defined value of wavelength (default), it will be dropped before extracting data.

InputsOL_In Tuning

OutputsData

ParametersInput_Couping_LossTune_DelayInit_Tune_WavelengthPower_Threshold

Tunable_Optical_Transmitter module in DE domainThis module has the same basic functionality as the Optical Transmitter. It inputs Dataand the Number of Bits and produces a Single Optical Layer Data Structure. The addedfunctionality of this module is the ability to change the transmitting wavelength duringsimulation run time. An initial wavelength is set and remains until a new wavelength val-ue in nanometers is placed on the Change_ Transmit_ Wavelength port. The actual wave-length switch over is delayed by the amount of time specified by the “Switching_ Time”parameter.

InputsData_InChange_Transmit_WavelengthNumber_of_Bits

OutputsSingle_OL_DS_Out

ParametersSwitching_TimeOutput_Coupling_Loss

71

Figure 63: Optical Tunable Receiver Module

OpticalFilter

L H

TypeSwitchWDM_OL

SelectActive Waves

BlankSignal ?

Switch

AccessElementVector

IConst

SelectData

LengthOfVector

I>C

BlankSignal ?

Switch

Unit Cost

Elec_Power_Use

InputCoupling Loss

CheckData Rate

Max Data Rateexceeded

SelectData Rate

->

SelectNumber of Bits

ReceiverDelay

DelayCalculation

Int to Float

Int to Float

CalculatePower Margin

CalculateLatency

OL_In

Data

Tuning


Initial_WavelengthLaser_Power_Fluctuation_VectorOpt_Power_Level

4.3.8 TDM ComponentsTDM_DEMUX emux module in DE domainThis module receives TDM data structures and places the data payload on the outputwhich corresponds to the TDM data structures time slot (Time Slot 1 placed on Data1output port,...)

InputsTDM_DS

OutputsData1Data2Data3Data4

72

Figure 64: Tunable Optical Transmitter Module

Insert Data

Tunable_Laser_Source#1

Insert Number_of_Bits

Unit Cost

Elec_Power_UseInsert Data RateData Rate

TransmitterDelay

DelayCalculation

Int -> Float

Data_In

Single_OL_DS


Number_of_Bits

Next Wavelength in nm. Output Wavelength remainsconstant until new value is received


TDM_MUX module in DE domainThis module represents a Synchronous Time-Division Multiplexer. A single input port issampled each time the Clock input is triggered. The module samples the ports in order(1,2,3,4,1...) and places the sampled input in a TDM data structure with a time slot identi-fier equal to the input port number (Data1->Slot 1). If a port does not have data to besampled during its time slot no data structure is produced (the slot remains empty). Datacan arrive at the ports asynchronously, but must wait for its slot to come around beforebeing transmitted. Data can arrive no faster than 1/4 of the clock frequency. Faster datafrequencies will experience loss (data will be overwritten before it can be transmitted).

InputsClockData1Data2Data3Data4

OutputsBits_Per_Slot

ParametersBits_per_Slot

73

Figure 65: TDM DEMUX Module

IntEqThresh#2

IntEqThresh#3

IntEqThresh#4

IntEqThresh#5

SelectSlot_ID

SelectData

EIO1

2TDM_DS

Data1

Data2

Data3

Data4


TDM_Receiver module in DE domainThis module searches for a TDM DS with a given time slot. The data payload is extractedand placed on the Data output port. The module is tunable, the received time slot can bechanged from the Initial_Slot_ID by placing the integer of the new time slot on theChange_Slot_ID port. This device accepts Integer type Control Data Structures.

InputsChange_Slot_IDTDM_DS

OutputsData

ParametersElec_Power_UseInitial_Slot_IDUnit_Cost

74

Figure 66: TDM MUX Module

CircularAccumulator#1

IntEqThresh#1

IntEqThresh#2

IntEqThresh#3

IntEqThresh#4

Create TDM DS

Create TDM DS

Create TDM DS

Create TDM DS

InsertData Field

InsertData Field

InsertData Field

InsertData Field

InsertSlot_ID

InsertSlot_ID

InsertSlot_ID

InsertSlot_ID

Numberof Bits

FIFO

FIFO

FIFO

FIFO

Data1

Data2

Data3

Data4

Clock

TDM_DS

Bits_Per_Slot


MemoriesCurrent_Slot_ID

4.3.9 Simulation ComponentsControl inter face floatThis module will check the ID field of a Control DS to see if it is intended for its compo-nent. If it is it will pass the float value to the component port. If not it will allow the Con-trol DS to pass through. See the online documentation for individual components to see ifthey accept Control DS with float values.

75

Figure 68: Control Interface Float Module

SelectComponent ID

CheckComponent ID

SelectCtrl Float

Control_DS_In Control_DS_Out

Float_Value

Figure 67: TDM Receiver Module

Init#2Initial

Slot_IDMemoryWrite

SelectSlot_ID

Switch#2

MemoryRead

EIO 1

2

EqInt#2

SelectData

Cost_Internal#1 Power_Use_Internal#1

M Current_Slot_ID

TDM_DS

Change_Slot_ID

Data


InputsControl_DS_In

OutputsControl_DS_OutFloat_value

ParametersComponent_ID

Control Inter face IntegerThis module will check the ID field of a Control DS to see if it is intended for its compo-nent. If it is it will pass the integer value to the component port. If not it will allow theControl DS to pass through. See the online documentation for individual components tosee if they accept Control DS with integer values.

InputsControl_DS_In

OutputsControl_DS_OutInteger_Value


76

Figure 69: Control Inter face Integer Module

SelectComponent ID

CheckComponent ID

SelectCtrl Int


Integer_Value


Control Inter face Vector This module will check the ID field of a Control DS to see if it is intended for its compo-nent. If it is it will pass the vector value to the component port. If not it will allow theControl DS to pass through. See the online documentation for individual components tosee if they accept Control DS with vector values.

InputsControl_DS_In

OutputsControl_DS_OutVector


Control UnitThe Control Unit allows tunable components such as tunable receivers and opticalswitches to change there settings during a simulation. This is accomplished through theuse of the Control Data Structure and a user defined ASCII file. The Control Unit worksin conjunction with Control Interface Modules (see online documentation) which are con-nected to the component which is to be controlled and are given a unique ID that will al-low them to search for Control Data Structures intended for their component. The type ofControl Interface used (float, integer, or vector) must be compatible with the control datatype of the device it is to control. For example an optical switch requires vector control

77

Figure 70: Control Inter face Vector Module

SelectComponent ID

CheckComponent ID

SelectCtrl Vector


Vector


information while an OADM requires float type. See the online documentation for indi-vidual components to see if they can accept control information and of what type.

The ASCII file contains string representations of the Control Data Structures (See MLDmanual for explanation of string representation). The first field of the DS contains the IDof the Control Interface Module that the control is intended for. The following three fieldscan contain vector, float and integer data respectively. (see Control Data Structure onlinedocumentation. It is essential that the proper type of control information is passed to theproper ID or errors will occur. The format of the ASCII file is as follows:

LION_ver_1_0_r01:Root.Control{ ID,vector,float,int}

Sample File:LION_ver_1_0_r01:Root.Control{ 1,2:2 1,0.0,0}LION_ver_1_0_r01:Root.Control{ 5,0:0,1555.2,0}LION_ver_1_0_r01:Root.Control{ 9,0:0,0.0,4}

The Control Unit will read one line each time it is triggered and produce a Control DataStructure which can be output into the system. In the above example the first trigger willread the first line and produce a DS intended for Control Interface Module #1 and will de-liver a two element vector with elements 2 and 1. The second trigger will read the secondline and produce a DS intended for Control Interface Module ID#5. It will pass the floatvalue 1555.2. The third line will pass the integer value 4 to ID number 9. The number oftotal lines is limited only by simulation time. When the end of the file is reached DS willnot be produced even if the Control Unit Module is triggered.

78

Figure 71: Control Unit Module

FileOpenRead#1ConstStringGen#1Init#1

FileReadStringLine#1String_to_DS#1

TkText.input=1#1

M Control_File_Pointer

Ctrl_DSTrigger


Note: Some ASCII editors add hidden characters which can disrupt the translationfrom string representation to actual data structure. The author suggests using the vieditor in the Linux environment or a similar editor.

InputsTrigger

OutputsCtrl_DS

ParametersFile_Path

MemoriesControl_File_Pointer

Cost DisplayModule displays the total cost of the system which was tallied in the Cost global memory.This block must be present in all systems or an error will be generated during simulation.

MemoriesCost

Electr ic Power Use DisplayedModule displays the total electrical power use (W) of the system which was tallied in thePower global memory. This block must be present in all systems or an error will be gen-erated during simulation.

MemoriesPower Description

79

Figure 72: Cost Display Module

Cost GlobalMemory Read

TkShowValues.input=1#2DSToFloat#1Delay#1Init#1

M Cost


Graph Single OLGraphs all Fields of Single OL DS with respect to the time they arrive.

InputsSingle_OL_DS_In

OutputsSingle_OL_DS_Out (Graphed)

Graph WDM OLGraphs the Fields of a WDM OL DS.

80

Figure 74: Graph Single OL Module

Extract_Fields_Single_OL_DS#1

Graph ID_Number

Graph Creation_Time

Graph Data

Graph Number_of_Bits

Graph Wavelength

Graph Opt_Power_Level

TimeStamp#1

TimeStamp#2

TimeStamp#3

TimeStamp#4

TimeStamp#5

TimeStamp#6

Graph Data_RateTimeStamp#7

Single_OL_DS_In

Single_OL_DS_Out

Figure 73: Electr ic Power Use Display Module

Power GlobalMemory Read

TkShowValues.input=1#2DSToFloat#1Delay#1Init#1

M Power


InputsWDM_OL_DS_In

OutputsWDM_OL_DS_Out (Graph)

Optical Power ProbeBy placing instances of this module along a network path the attenuation experienced bya signal (Single_OL DS) moving along that path can be measured. The measurements arewritten to a user defined text file and can be imported into a spreadsheet program to pro-duce a graph that represents the Power Budget of the link.

The module scans incoming Data Structures for a certain Single Optical ID number.Upon finding the intended DS its optical power level is appended into a specified file.The power level is also placed on the Optical Power output port. Once the desired ID hasbeen found all future data structures will be allowed to flow through the device withoutbeing processed. If the expected ID does not arrive by the end of the simulation a warningis given. Probes searching for different ID numbers can coexist in the same system aslong as they write to different text files.

81

Figure 76: Optical Power Probe Module

TypeSwitchWDM_OL

Select ID_Number Select Power Level

SelectActive Waves

LengthOfVector

I>C

AccessElementVector

Counter

I== I==C

OneWay

Gate

Gate

Check ID

Select ID_Number Check ID Select Power Level

Gate

True

MemoryWrite#1

MemoryRead#1

Switch#1EIO 1

2

WrapUp#1

Read Bypass

Switch#2EIO 1

2Warning MessageID did not arrive

FileClose#1

FileOpenAppend#1

FileWriteFloat#1

File Path String

Gate#1

Delay#1

M Bypass

M Power_Budget_Pointer

OL_In

OL_Out

Optical_Power

For WDM


Once the DS with the correctID number has been found subsequint

DS bypass the module to improvesimulation time

For Single OL DS

Figure 75: Graph WDM OL Module

Graph ID_Number

Graph Creation_Time

TimeStamp#1

TimeStamp#2

Extract_Fields_WDM_OL_DS#1WDM_OL_DS_In

WDM_OL_DS_Out


To ensure that each probe produces an output the choice of ID number and the systemconfiguration should be set to ensure that the data structure with that ID travels along thepath to be studied.

If successive simulations are run, the new data will be appended at the end of the old datain the text file.

InputsOL_In

OutputsOL_Out

ParametersFile_PathProbe_Number

MemoriesBypassPower_Budget_Pointer

Tr iggered WaveformWaveform element output after n triggers used for Module testing.

InputTrigger

82

Figure 77: Tr iggered Waveform Module

IntGtThresh#2Counter#2Ex_In_Order

1

2

Ex_In_Order1

2

WaveForm#1

Trigger

Waveform_Element_Out


OutputWaveform_Element_out

Parametersn_triggers

WDM DS Text 4channelThis module can be used to view the text representation of up to four Single_OL datastructure channels within a WDM data structure .

InputsWDM_OL

OutputsText for data structures

ParametersWL_1WL_2WL_3WL_4

83

Figure 78: WDM DS Text 4 Channel Module

TkText.input=4#11x4_DEMUX#1WDM_OL


5. Sample System ModelsPixel_Bus_Broadcast_and_Select system in DE domainThis system represents a four channel broadcast and select network operating at 2.5Gbps.Each of the four channels is transmitted on a separate DWDM wavelength and then cou-pled onto a single fiber. The WDM signal is split, and the receivers can be tuned to re-ceive any of the four channels.

The data input into the system is a stream of integers indicating the channel. For instance,Transmitter 1 (channel 1) is given a stream of integer 1's as data, Transmitter 2 is given astream if 2's, and so on. This is for demonstration purposes to make channel switchingevident on the output graphs. In future the integer data will be replaced with more realis-tic data streams.

The Control Unit determines which wavelength will be received by each optical receiver.It represents a centralized electrical control of the optical network. The Control Unit willread from a file named LION_ver_1_0_r01/wdm_broadcast_control_file which was im-ported along with the library. A new instruction will be sent to the system every 5 clocks.Please see the Control_Unit online documentation for more information on its use.

The Power Probe modules will read the optical power level of the Single_OL data struc-ture with ID#2 as it travels through the system. Its optical power values will be writteninto a text file called LION_ver_1_0_r01/wdm_broadcast_power_budget which was im-ported along with the library. After a simulation this text file can be imported into aspreadsheet program to produce a graphical representation of the optical power lossthrough a link. Please see the Optical_Power_Probe online documentation for more infor-mation.

System OutputsReceiver Information:

Received Data (graph)Latency for each Single_OL received (text)Average Latency (text)

84

Figure 79: Pixel Bus Broadcast and Selection System Model

Optical_Transmitter#1


20mFiber

Optical_Tunable_Receiver#1

Butt-JointConnector

1x4_Splitter#1

1

2

3

4

Clock#1

Data Source

Data Source

Data Source

Data Source

Num of Bits



Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector




Cost_Display#1 Elec_Power_Use_Display#1

4x1_Coupler#1

1

2

3

4

Control Interface

Control Interface

Control Interface

Control Interface

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

PowerProbe

PowerProbe

PowerProbe

PowerProbe

PowerProbe

PowerProbe

PowerProbe

Control_Unit#1Trigger after5 clocks

Receiver 1Display

IntToFloat#1

Receiver 2Display

Receiver 3Display

Receiver 4Display

IntToFloat#2

IntToFloat#3

IntToFloat#4

The absolute file paths for the Power Probe output file(wdm_power_budget) and the Control Unit input file

(wdm_broadcast_control file) must be set for simulationto function correctly. See online documentation for thePower Probe and Control Unit for more information


Power Margin for each Single_OL received (graph)Average Power Margin (text)

System Information:Electrical Power Use (text)System Cost (text)Text File with Power Probe Values (file)

Note: The Control Unit and Power Probe modules require the full pathnames of theLION_ver_1_0_r01/wdm_broadcast_control_file and LION_ver_1_0_r01/wdm_broadcast_power_budget respectively. A simulation error will be produced if thepathnames are not correct.

Pixel_Bus_WDM_Switched system in DE domainThis system is similar to the WDM Broadcast and Select Pixel Bus. In place of the tun-able optical receivers are fixed wavelength receivers. The channels are selected by thebank of demultiplexers and optical switches. This setup while requiring more equipmentmay be more economical due to the high cost of tunable optical receivers. The system op-erates at 2.5Gbps.

The data input into the system is a stream of integers indicating the channel. For instance,Transmitter 1 (channel 1) is given a stream of integer 1's as data, Transmitter 2 is given astream if 2's, and so on. This is for demonstration purposes to make channel switchingevident on the output graphs. In future the integer data will be replaced with more realis-tic data streams.

The Control Unit determines which channel will be received by each optical receiver bycontrolling to routing characteristics of the optical switches. It represents a centralizedelectrical control of the optical network. The Control Unit will read from a file namedLION_ver_1_0_r01/single_wl_control_file which was imported along with the library. Anew instruction will be sent to the system every 5 clocks. Please see the Control_Unit on-line documentation for more information on its use.

85

Figure 80: Pixel Bus WDM Switched System Model



20mFiber

Butt-JointConnector

1x4_Splitter#1

1

2

3

4

Clock#1

Data Source

Data Source

Data Source

Data Source

Num of Bits



Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Cost_Display#1 Elec_Power_Use_Display#1 1x4 Demux

1x4 Demux

1x4 Demux

1x4 Demux

4x1 Switch

4x1 Switch

4x1 Switch

4x1 Switch

4x1_Coupler#1

1

2

3

4

Control Interface

Control Interface

Control Interface

Control Interface

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

Control_Unit#1

Optical_Receiver#1

Optical_Receiver#2

Optical_Receiver#3

Optical_Receiver#4

Receiver 1Display

IntToFloat#1

Receiver 2Display

Receiver 3Display

Receiver 4Display

IntToFloat#2

IntToFloat#3

IntToFloat#4

Trigger after5 clocks

The absolute file paths forthe Control Unit input file(switched_wdm_control file) must be set for simulationto function correctly. See online documentation of the

Control Unit for more information t>


System OutputsReceiver Information:

Received Data (graph)Latency for each Single_OL received (text)Average Latency (text)Power Margin for each Single_OL received (graph)Average Power Margin (text)

System Information:Electrical Power Use (text)System Cost (text)

Note: The Control Unit module requires the full pathname of theLION_ver_1_0_r01/single_wl_control_file. A simulation error will be produced if thepathname is not correct. To correct the pathname simply highlight the Control unitblock and alter the File_Path parameter with the location of the LION library in yoursystem.

Pixel Bus Switched Network In this system, a four channel pixel bus is created using a separate fiber for each channel(no WDM). This is done to explore the possibility of using lower cost multimode compo-nents. The signaling rate of the system is limited to 1.0 Gbps. A bank of splitters and op-tical switches are used to provide each receiver access to all of the channels. The data in-put into the system is a stream of integers indicating the channel. For instance, Transmit-ter 1 (channel 1) is given a stream of integer 1's as data, Transmitter 2 is given a strewn if2's, and so on. This is for demonstration purposes to make channel switching evident onthe output graphs. In future the integer data will be replaced with more realistic datastreams. The Control Unit determines which channel will be received by each optical re-ceiver by controlling the routing characteristics of the optical switches. It represents acentralized electrical control of the optical network. The Control Unit will read from afile named LION_ver_1_0_r01/single_wl_control_file which was imported along withthe library. A new instruction will be sent to the system every 5 clocks.

Please see the Control_Unit online documentation for more information on its use. Sys-tem Outputs: Receiver Information: Received Data (graph) Latency for each Single_OLreceived (text) Average Latency (text) Power Margin for each Single_OL received(graph) Average Power Margin (text) System Information: Electrical Power Use (text)System Cost (text)

Note: The Control Unit module requires the full pathname of theLION_ver_1_0_r01/single_wl_control_file. A simulation error will be produced if thepathname is not correct.

86


The Development TeamThis library was developed by members of the OPN Group at the High PerformanceComputing and Simu;lation Lab (HCS) at the University of Florida, Gainesville. Mem-bers of the team included Ian Troxel, group leader, Vikas Aggarwal, Ramesh Balasubra-manian, Chris Catoe, Nang Dilakanont, Mythili Muruganathan, John Wemicke and Jere-my Wills.

Dr. Alan George was principal investigator for the project.

87

Figure 81: Pixel Bus Switched System Model

Optical_Receiver#1



Clock#1

Data Source

Data Source

Data Source

Data Source

Num of Bits



Butt-JointConnector

20mFiber

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Butt-JointConnector

Cost_Display#14x1_Optical_Switch#1

1x4_Splitter#1

1

2

3

4

1x4_Splitter#2

1

2

3

4

1x4_Splitter#3

1

2

3

4

1x4_Splitter#4

1

2

3

4

4x1_Optical_Switch#2



Elec_Power_Use_Display#1

Control Interface

Control Interface

Control Interface

Control Interface

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

20mFiber

Optical_Receiver#2

Optical_Receiver#3

Optical_Receiver#4

Control_Unit#1

Receiver 1Display

IntToFloat#1

Receiver 2Display

Receiver 3Display

Receiver 4Display

IntToFloat#2

IntToFloat#3

IntToFloat#4

Trigger after5 clocks

The absolute file paths forthe Control Unit input file(single_wl_control file) must be set for simulation

to function correctly. See online documentation of theControl Unit for more information

the mldesigner optical components library...tical system models (e.g., switch and switchless tdm and...

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