the mughal empire
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The Mughal Empire. 18-3. Early History of the Mughals. *The Mughals are an Islamic group who were the descendants of the Mongols, invaded and conquered India. The Word Mughal is the Indian word for Mongol 700-1000 AD the Indians prevented Mongol invasions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Mughal Empire
18-3
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Early History of the Mughals• *The Mughals are an Islamic group who
were the descendants of the Mongols, invaded and conquered India.
• The Word Mughal is the Indian word for Mongol
• 700-1000 AD the Indians prevented Mongol invasions
• 1000 AD the Sultan Mahmud destroys many Indian cities and makes Delhi a Sultan capital
• 1398 Timur the Lame destroys Delhi as an example to other Indian cities
• *Between 1100-1600 the interaction between the Hindu and Muslim societies can best be described as a period of conflict alternated with periods of religious toleration and peaceful coalition.
Timur took large parts of Northern India and other parts he looted and destroyed in a brutal fashion.
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Five Great Mughal Leaders
1. Babur
2. Akbar
3. Jahangir and Nur Jahan
4. Shah Jahan
5. Aurangezeb
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Babur Finds the Mughal Empire• 1492 Babur becomes king
at the age of 11
• He is a descendant of Timur the Lame and Genghis Kahn
• At first his kingdom was small and in the area of present day Uzbekistan and Tajikistan Sultan Babur’s lineage
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Babur Finds The Mughal Empire
• Babur was a brilliant military strategist and understood his men
• Babur is able to win a commanding victory over the sultan of Delhi– His army was greatly
outnumbered 12,000 to 100,000
Babur’s conquest is shown as purple
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Akbar the “Great One”
• Grandson of Babur• A military conqueror• Believed in war for its
own sake– always on the offensive
conquering new lands– His armies relied on heavy
artillery to take fortified cities
• He will unify a land of a 100 million people
Akbar’s conquest is shown as dark orange
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The Religion of Akbar• Akbar was born a Muslim
• He believed in and practiced religious tolerance.– *He had wives who were
Christian, Hindu and Muslim (proof that he was tolerant of other religions)
– He abolished religious taxes for non-Muslims
• *He started his own religion called the "Divine Faith". – It combined
• Hinduism, • Jainism • Islam
Akbar the Great
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The Golden Age of Akbar
• A mixture of many cultures– Persian is the Lingua Franca and the language of the
high court
– *Hindi was the most common vernacular language (Still the most important language in India today)
– *Urdu (from the soldiers camp) was the language of the Army- A mixture of Arabic, Persian and Hindi
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The Golden Age of Akbar• Arts flourished- Example is "Miniatures" small highly detailed and
colorful paintings
• Literature-the writing of the book Akbarnamah (Book of Akbar)
• A great period of revived architecture– Akbar built the capital city of Fatehpur Sikri city– abandoned only after 15 years due to a lack of reliable water source
Palace at Fatehpur Sikri
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The Reign of Janghira and Nur Jahan
• Jahangir was the the son of Akbar. He was a weak ruler, but his Persian wife was a skilled politician. Her name was Nur Jahan
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Nur Jahan- A Woman of Power• The Woman
– Persian wife– Hunt tigers– Rode horses– Composed poetry– Designed clothes
• She manipulated the offices of state to insure her power– She put her father in the
position of Prime Minister of the Mugal Court
– She position Khusrau, son of Jahangir as the future emperor Nur Juhan- Wife of Janghira
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The Reign of Janghira and Nur Jahan
• Nur Jahan and Jahangir did not practice religious tolerance like Akbar
• They supported only Islam
• Khusrau rebellion– Son against father– he turned to the Guru Ajun a Sikhs
for support– Khusrau is defeated and ordered
to be blinded
• *The Sikhs practiced a religion that combined beliefs of Buddhism, Hinduism and Sufism called Sikhism
– *Main goal was to build a close and loving relationship with God through meditation
Emperor Janghira receiving his two sons, Khusrau and Parviz
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Shah Jahan• Grandson of Akbar
• Feared all rivals to the throne and had them assassinated
• Loved two things– beautiful buildings – Wife- Mumtaz Mahal
• Under Shah Jahan there were great famines, high taxes and war
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Mumtaz Mahal• Mumtaz Mahal was the
wife of Shah Jahan
– She died at 38 giving birth to her 14th child
– Shah Jahan was heart broken
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The Taj Mahal
• *Shah Jahan ordered the building of the Taj Mahal as a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal’s body• Perhaps one of the most beautiful buildings in the world
• Made of white marble and jewels • Single towering marble dome and four slender towers • Inside is a glittering garden of a thousand carved marble flowers inlaid with precious
stones• Site for the Muslim faithful today• *One of the finest examples of Mughal architecture, blending Persian, Islamic and Indian
styles
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Aurangezeb
• ruled from 1658-1707
• Master military strategist
• Aggressive empire builder
• The Mughal empire expands to its greatest extent
Aurangezeb’s conquests is shown as light orange
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The Reign of Aurangezeb
• Rigidly enforced Islamic law- Shari’a– no drinking, no gambling or other vices– appointed censors to police his subjects morals
• Did not practice religious tolerance – taxed non-Muslims – Hindus removed from high positions – Hindu temples destroyed
• He made too many enemies and could not hold the empire together.