the muscular system
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The Muscular System. Southern Boone County HS Dual Credit Anatomy Bill Palmer. The Muscular System. Muscles are organs There are more than 700 muscles in the human. The Muscular System. Four Properties of Muscle Tissue Excitability-very sensitive to input from nerves - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Muscular System
Southern Boone County HS
Dual Credit Anatomy
Bill Palmer
The Muscular System
Muscles are organs
There are more than 700 muscles in the human
The Muscular System
Four Properties of Muscle Tissue1) Excitability-very sensitive to input from
nerves
2) Contractility-cells contract
3) Elasticity-ability to return to original shape
4) Extensibility-cells must extend when opposite muscle contracts
The Muscular System
Five Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue1) Body Movement- Muscles work with the
skeleton to provide movement2) Posture-muscles must contract to maintain
posture 3) Temperature Regulation-muscle contraction
produces heat to keep body warm4) Storage of materials-sphincters (circular
muscles) open and close to move material5) Support-protect and support organs
(abdominal muscles)
The Muscular System
Each muscle is composed of a group of muscle fascicle
Each fascicle is composed of a group of muscle fibers
Muscle fibers are covered by three connective tissue layers
1) Endomysium-inner layer
2) Perimysium-middle layer
3) Epimysium-outer layer
The Muscular System
The Muscular System
Muscle AttachmentsMuscle fibers unite to form Tendons
Most tendons cross at least one moveable joint
Origin-fixed or less moveable end of muscle
Insertion-more moveable end of muscle
The Muscular SystemTendonitis
Inflammation of tendon or sheath surrounding tendonCaused by overuse of tendonAge, arthritis play a roleTreatment
• Rest• Ice• NSAIDs• Stretching and exercise help strengthen tendon• Surgery
The Muscular System
Exercise and Skeletal Muscle
Exercise builds muscle
Muscle building requires diet, proper exercise routine, rest
Lack of exercise cause muscle to atrophy (waste away)
The Muscular System
Hypertrophy-increase in muscle tone Exercise builds mitochondria, glycogen, and ATP
More muscle fibers
Hypotonia-decreased muscle tone, flaccid muscles,
The Muscular System
Anabolic SteroidsSynthetic substances that mimic male testosterone-more than 100 are known
Stimulate manufacture of muscle proteins
Large doses needed
Side effects include: heart attack, kidney damage, aggressive behavior “roid rage”, tumors, testicular atrophy, acne, personality aberrations, “man boobs”
The Muscular System
The Muscular System
The Muscular System
IS THIS REAL?
The Muscular System
Anabolic SteroidsWomen grow hair, menstrual problems, atrophy of uterus and breast.
The Muscular System
FOUR TYPES OF MUSCLESCircular muscle (sphincter)-arranged around an opening or recess (eye, mouth, anus)
Convergent muscle-triangular muscle with a common attachment site (pectoralis major)
Parallel muscle-long thin muscles (rectus adominis “six-pack”)
Pennate muscle-one or more tendons (most muscles)
The Muscular System
Action of Skeletal Muscles
Muscles work in pairs-three types1) Agonist-contract to make a movement (triceps brachii agonist that causes extension)
2) Antagonist-oppose the agonist
3) Synergist-assist a prime mover
The Muscular System
Names of Muscles include clues to their IDMuscle action-Flexor carpi radialis
Body region- Quadratis femoris
Attachment- Sternocleidomastoid
Orientation of fibers-Rectus abdominus
Shape and size-Deltoid
Origin-Biceps femoris
The Muscular System
Names of Muscles include clues to their IDMuscle action-Flexor carpi radialis
Body region- Quadratis femoris
Attachment- Sternocleidomastoid
Orientation of fibers-Rectus abdominus
Shape and size-Deltoid
Origin-Biceps femoris
The Muscular System
The Muscular System
General Muscle Types
Skeletal Muscle-Voluntary: long fibers, many nuclei, striated (biceps)
Cardiac Muscle-Involuntary: Short branched fibers, 1 or 2 central nuclei, striated (heart)
Smooth Muscle- Involuntary: Spindle shaped fibers, one central nucleus, no striations (intestines)
The Muscular System
Aging decreases the elasticity and diameter of muscle fibers. Ability to exercise decreases with age.
Muscle system begins to develop during the fourth week.
The Muscular System
Neuromuscular Diseases
Fibromyalgia-pain, stiffness, fatigue, depression
Cause not known
Affects 1-2% of population, mostly women
Treatment=NSAIDs, exercise, reduce caffeine and smoking
The Muscular System
Neuromuscular Diseases
Muscular Dystrophy-hereditary
Skeletal muscles degenerate, lose strength
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) most common
affects males
Most die by age 20
The Muscular System
Neuromuscular Diseases
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Affects 1 in 10,000 people (mostly women, 20-40 years old)
Antibodies attack muscle nerves
Treat with drugs
Variations in affects on life span
PTOSIS-Drooping of eyelid
The Muscular System
Neuromuscular Diseases
Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS)
Common-affects 50% of 30-60 year olds
Associated with use of posture muscles
Muscles tighten and twitch
Treatment is NSAIDs, massage,
The Muscular System- Wrap-ups
1. How many muscles are there in the human body?
2. What are the four properties of muscle tissue?
3. What are the five functions of the muscular system?
4. What are the three components of a muscle?
5. How are muscles attached?
The Muscular System- Wrap-ups
6. What is the role of exercise in muscle development?
7. What are hypertrophy and hypotonia?8. What are anabolic steroids? What are the
side effects of using anabolic steroids?9. What are the four types of muscles based
on shape?10. How are muscles named (6 ways)?
The Muscular System- Wrap-ups
11. Name the three general muscle types and where each may be found.
12. When does the muscle system develop and how does aging affect muscles?
13. What is fibromyalgia? Symptoms? Treatment?
14. What is DMD? Symptoms? Treatment?15. What is MG? Symptoms? Treatment?16. What is MPS? Symptoms? Treatment?
The Muscular System- Wrap-ups
Complete labs 19-23
Work on Muscle Poster Teams of four
Due last day before Christmas Vacation