the muscular system
DESCRIPTION
The Muscular System. or “ Everything you ever wanted to know about Muscles, but were afraid to ask ” !!!. Did you know that ?. more than 50% of body weight is muscle ! And muscle is made up of proteins and water. The Muscular System. Muscles are responsible for all movement of the body - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Muscular System
![Page 2: The Muscular System](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813bee550346895da51cba/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
or “Everything you ever wanted to know about
Muscles, but were afraid to ask” !!!
![Page 3: The Muscular System](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813bee550346895da51cba/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Did you know that ?
- more than 50% of body weight is muscle !
- And muscle is made up of proteins and water
![Page 4: The Muscular System](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813bee550346895da51cba/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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The Muscular System
• Muscles are responsible for all movement of the body
• There are three basic types of muscle– Skeletal– Cardiac– Smooth
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Info About Muscles
• Only body tissue able to contract
• create movement by flexing and extending joints
• Body energy converters (many muscle cells contain many mitochondria)
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3 Types of Muscles
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Three types of muscle
Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
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Classification of Muscle
Skeletal-
found in limbs
Cardiac-
found in heart
Smooth-
Found in viscera
Striated, multi- nucleated
Striated, 1 nucleus
Not striated, 1 nucleus
voluntary involuntary involuntary
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Characteristics of Muscle
• Skeletal and smooth muscle are elongated
• Muscle cell = muscle fiber
• Contraction of a muscle is due to movement of microfilaments (protein fibers)
• All muscles share some terminology– Prefixes myo and mys refer to muscle– Prefix sarco refers to flesh
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Shapes of Muscles
• Triangular- shoulder, neck
• Spindle- arms, legs
• Flat- diaphragm, forehead
• Circular- mouth, anus
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Skeletal muscle - Summary
• Voluntary movement of skeletal parts
• Spans joints and attached to skeleton
• Multi-nucleated, striated, cylindrical fibres
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Smooth Muscle
• No striations
• Spindle shaped
• Single nucleus
• Involuntary- no conscious control
• Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs
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Cardiac Muscle
• Striations
• Branching cells
• Involuntary
• Found only in the heart
• Usually has a single nucleus, but can have more than one
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Muscle Control
Type of muscle
Nervouscontrol
Type of control
Example
SkeletalSkeletal Controlled by CNS
Voluntary Lifting a glass
Cardiac Regulated by ANS
Involuntary Heart beating
Smooth Controlled by ANS
Involuntary Peristalsis
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Types of Responses
• Twitch-– A single brief contraction– Not a normal muscle function
• Tetanus– One contraction immediately followed by
another– Muscle never completely returns to a relaxed
state– Effects are compounded
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Where Does the Energy Come From?
• Energy is stored in the muscles in the form of ATP
• ATP comes from the breakdown of glucose during Cellular Respiration
• This all happens in the Mitochondria of the cell
• When a muscle is fatigued (tired) it is unable to contract because of lack of Oxygen
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Flexion• Decreasing the angle
between 2 bones or bending a limb at a joint
Types of Musculo-Skeletal Movement
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Extension• Increasing the angle
between 2 bones or straightening out a limb
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Hyperextension• Extreme or
overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit.
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Abduction, Adduction & Circumduction
• Abduction: movement away from the midline of the body.
• Adduction: movement toward the midline of the body.
• Circumduction: turns toward the far end.
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Rotation• Circular movement
around an axis
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The Skeletal Muscles
There are about 650 muscles in the human body. They enable us to move, maintain posture and generate heat. In this section we will only study a sample of the major muscles.
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SternocleidomastoidFlexes and Rotates Head
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MasseterElevate Mandible
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TemporalisElevate & Retract Mandible
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TrapeziusExtend Head, Adduct, Elevate or
Depress Scapula
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Latissimus DorsiExtend, Adduct & Rotate Arm Medially
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DeltoidAbduct, Flex & Extend Arm
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Pectoralis MajorFlexes, adducts & rotates arm medially
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Biceps BrachiiFlexes Elbow Joint
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Triceps BrachiiExtend Elbow Joint
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Rectus AbdominusFlexes Abdomen
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External IntercostalsElevate ribs
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Internal IntercostalsDepress ribs
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DiaphragmInspiration
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Gluteus MaximusExtends & Rotates
Thigh Laterally
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Gastrocnemius
Plantar Flexes Foot & Flex Lower Leg