The The Muslim Muslim WorldWorld600 – 600 –

1258 1258 ADAD

10. 1 The Rise of Islam10. 1 The Rise of Islam

What is Islam?What is Islam?““Submission to the will of AllahSubmission to the will of Allah””

MuslimsMuslims are “ are “those who submitthose who submit””

2nd largest religion: 2nd largest religion: 1.6 Billion 1.6 Billion worldwideworldwide

Fasting Growing religionFasting Growing religion

Traces its roots to Abraham; it is Traces its roots to Abraham; it is the conclusion of Judaism & the conclusion of Judaism & ChristianityChristianity

Arabian PeninsulaArabian Peninsula Crossroads of 3 Crossroads of 3

continentscontinents

Mostly desert Mostly desert with few Oases with few Oases

Nomadic Nomadic Bedouin tribes Bedouin tribes not unitednot united organized into organized into

clans clans fought over fought over

limited resourceslimited resources

MeccaMecca City of trade & City of trade &

pilgrimagepilgrimage

Site of the Site of the Ka’abaKa’aba: originally : originally a shrine to a shrine to Abraham, by 600 Abraham, by 600 AD Arab clans AD Arab clans filled it with pagan filled it with pagan idolsidols

Birthplace of the Birthplace of the Prophet Prophet MuhammadMuhammad

MuhammadMuhammad 570- 570-632 AD632 AD Prophet of Islam; Prophet of Islam;

Not divine! Not divine!

Orphaned as Orphaned as child; raised by child; raised by uncle; became a uncle; became a merchantmerchant

Received 1Received 1stst revelations in 610 revelations in 610 AD while AD while meditating in a meditating in a cave near Mecca.cave near Mecca.

Beliefs of IslamBeliefs of Islam There is only ONE GOD (Allah)There is only ONE GOD (Allah)

Same God of Christians & JewsSame God of Christians & Jews Prophets receive revelations, but are not Prophets receive revelations, but are not

divine divine Muhammad is the last of the prophetsMuhammad is the last of the prophets

Afterlife, Heaven, Hell, Last Afterlife, Heaven, Hell, Last JudgmentJudgment

All are equal before God & All are equal before God & responsible for one’s actionsresponsible for one’s actions

Muhammad Tries to unify Muhammad Tries to unify Mecca under IslamMecca under Islam

Began preaching 613 Began preaching 613 ADAD

Gained few-followersGained few-followers

Meccans feared Meccans feared losing independence, losing independence, traditions, & trade = traditions, & trade = forced Muhammad forced Muhammad to fleeto flee

The HijrahThe Hijrah (Flight to (Flight to Yathrib) 622 ADYathrib) 622 AD Turning point in Muhammad’s lifeTurning point in Muhammad’s life

Marks Year #1 on the Islamic CalendarMarks Year #1 on the Islamic Calendar Muhammad became leader, converted Muhammad became leader, converted

manymany City renamed “City renamed “MedinaMedina””

Muhammad’s VictoryMuhammad’s Victory Bedouins joined Bedouins joined

Muhammad in war Muhammad in war against Meccaagainst Mecca

630 AD: Muhammad 630 AD: Muhammad & 10,000 Muslims & 10,000 Muslims forced Mecca to forced Mecca to surrender.surrender.

Muhammad Muhammad smashed the idols in smashed the idols in the the Ka’abaKa’aba, and , and united Arabia under united Arabia under IslamIslam

Muhammad Died Muhammad Died 632 AD632 AD

Sources of AuthoritySources of AuthorityThe Qur’anThe Qur’an: : Muhammad’s Muhammad’s revelations & teachingsrevelations & teachings

The SunnaThe Sunna: : Muhammad’s Muhammad’s life examplelife example

The Shari’aThe Shari’a: body of Islamic : body of Islamic lawslaws

The Five Pillars of The Five Pillars of IslamIslam5 Duties to Demonstrate 5 Duties to Demonstrate

Submission to the Will of God Submission to the Will of God

1.1. Confession of Faith in one Confession of Faith in one GodGod

2.2. Prayer 5 Times a DayPrayer 5 Times a Day

3.3. Give Alms to the PoorGive Alms to the Poor

4.4. Fasting during month of Fasting during month of RamadanRamadan

5.5. Pilgrimage to MeccaPilgrimage to Mecca