the naked european citizen: state surveillance in the eu university of maastricht studium generale...
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The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU
University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
2. For starters:
The United Kingdom: the most “advanced” in Europe
• see Douwe Korff, Guaranteeing Liberty or Big Brother: Surveillance in the United Kingdom, presentation at the 2007 Summer Academy of the Schleswig Holstein Independent Privacy Protection Centre (ULD), Kiel, 24 August 2007.
• https://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/sommerakademie/2007/.
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
3. DIRECT SURVEILLANCE - The good old British “Bobby”:
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
4. And the 2007 one:
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
5. The new guardian:
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
6. CCTV in figures:
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
7. “Talking CCTV”:
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
8. There’s a tiny camera behind the badge ...
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
9. ... and several in the air (to be used for the Olympics):
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
10. BIOMETRICS:
The UK DNA database - holds DNA data on 100,000 innocent children, and on 40% of the black population - and on him (and he wanted everyone’s details to go on it):
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
11 More insiduous: “DATAVEILLANCE”
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
12 A further trend:
“Bringing protection forward”
not really new: cf. See Sebastian Cobler, Die Gefahr geht von den Menschen aus: der vorverlegte Staatsschutz, 2nd Ed., Berlin, 1978 (the 1st edition was published in 1976).
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
13
These are general trends, also notable in other European countries
(and encouraged by the EU, but I’ll come to that in a minute)
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
12
Drivers: e-services, e-learning, e-government, e-everything –
and e-identity (ID Cards, e-IDM)
“Joined-up government” / “Full societal alliance”
Terrorism: massive funding (EC security research; US DARPA)
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
15 “Targetting” by computer, using “profiles” - results inevitably in:
“false positives”: people wrongly identified as abusers/criminals/terrorists
“false negatives”: the real culprits being missed
STUDY THE “BASE-RATE FALLACY”!
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
16 ALSO:
Inherent biases and limitations, e.g.:
Racial bias in face-recognition software
Guaranteeing Liberty or Big Brother: Surveillance in the United Kingdom 2007 Summer Academyof the Schleswig Holstein Independent Privacy Protection Centre (ULD)
by Douwe [email protected]
17
GENERAL, SUSPICIONLESS MASS SURVEILLANCE
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
18. And now to Europe ...
... where the same is being encouraged, in particular in the “Third Pillar”
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
19 BASIC EUROPEAN “THIRD PILLAR” POLICIES:
• Cooperation in police/criminal matters• Establishment of EU databases and institutions:
* Europol
* Eurojust
* Eurodac
* Schengen Information System SIS-I, SIS-1+ SIS-II (& VIS)
* CIS
* The Prüm Treaty• The principle of “availability”
Guaranteeing Liberty or Big Brother: Surveillance in the United Kingdom 2007 Summer Academyof the Schleswig Holstein Independent Privacy Protection Centre (ULD)
by Douwe [email protected]
20.
“Policy-Laundering”
&
“Function-creep”
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
21 The Draft EU Council Framework Decision on data protection in the Third Pillar - a disgraceful proposal
(see handout)
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
22.
Data transfers to non-EU countries general
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
23.
The EU-US “PNR” Controversy
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
24.
Data collection in Europe by the US authorities – (1):
ECHELON
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
25.
Data collection in Europe by the US authorities – (2):
SWIFT (et al.)
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
26.
“Profiling” at the European level
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
27.
The legal framework:
* ECHR & cases
* ECJ & cases
* COE Convention No 108
* COE Recomm R(87)15
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
28.
• ASSESSMENT (1):
The current EU rules relating to anti-terrorist measures seriously fail to meet ECHR and EU dp-standards:
The EU citizen is stripped before the eyes of the Third Pillar authorities
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
29.
• ASSESSMENT (2):The European Surveillance Society is not a democratic one: the Council’s Third-Pillar measures threaten the most fundamental values supposedly underpinning the European political settlement, at both national and international level.In its actions against terrorism, the EU is doing the European ideal a serious disservice by undermining democracy and the rule of law.
The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007
by Douwe [email protected]
30.
• ASSESSMENT (3):At a more practical level, these issues will create serious problems for European and wider international cooperation in the fight against terrorism, including constitutional-legal challenges to such (intra-EU- and EU-US) arrangements in countries in which data protection is given a high level of protection under the national Constitution (such as Germany).They will therefore ultimately undermine, rather than help, in the fight against terrorism and organised crime.