The National Assembly completed the draft of the constitution The National Assembly completed the draft of the constitution in 1791. Its main features are-1. The powers of the monarch were divided into three institutions- the

legislature, executive and judiciary.legislature, executive and judiciary.2. All men above 25 years who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a

labourer’s wages were given the status of active citizens and got the right to vote.

3. Other men and all women were classed as passive citizens.3. Other men and all women were classed as passive citizens.4. The members of judiciary were elected by the active citizens.5. King and his ministers made the executives.6. Legislature, which made the laws for the country, was indirectly elected.6. Legislature, which made the laws for the country, was indirectly elected.7. legislature controlled the executive but the king still enjoyed the veto

power.8. Citizens got rights such as-right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of 8. Citizens got rights such as-right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of

opinion, equality before law. These were considered as natural and inalienable rights.

After the RevolutionAfter the Revolution Situation became tense in France after 1791 Situation became tense in France after 1791 Louis XVI signed a secret treaty with the king of Prussia.

Other neighbouring countries also promised to help Louis XVI.XVI.

But before they could do anything to suppress the revolution, thousands of volunteers joined the army and attacked Prussia thousands of volunteers joined the army and attacked Prussia and Austria.

They sang patriotic songs- most famous was- the Marseillaise, composed by Roget de L’Isle.composed by Roget de L’Isle.

The Marseillaise is now the national anthem of France.

The Nation Anthem of France-MarseilleMarseille

The French singing Marseille Roget de L’Isle

France Abolishes Monarchy and France Abolishes Monarchy and Becomes a Republic

Not everybody was happy with the revolution. Not everybody was happy with the revolution. Men, who didn’t get the right to vote and women

of France were convinced that the revolution had of France were convinced that the revolution had to be carry forward as constitution of 1791 gave right to vote only to the richer section of the right to vote only to the richer section of the society

They formed political clubs where they discussed government policies and planned their future government policies and planned their future action.

The most successful of these clubs was the Jacobin The most successful of these clubs was the Jacobin

Jacobin clubJacobin club The members of the Jacobin club included small

shopkeepers, artisans, servants, daily wage workers-shopkeepers, artisans, servants, daily wage workers-the less prosperous section of the society.

Their leader was Maximilian Robespierre Their leader was Maximilian Robespierre

sans-culottes They wore long striped trousers to apart themselves They wore long striped trousers to apart themselves

from the rich nobles, who wore knee breeches and known as sans-culottes meaning those without knee known as sans-culottes meaning those without knee breeches.

Men also wore red cap that symbolised liberty.

The Jacobins

Events of summer of 1792 Short supplies and high prices made the people of Paris Short supplies and high prices made the people of Paris

angry. On 10th August 1792 the angry crowd attacked the Palace of

Tuileries and killed the king’s guards.On 10 August 1792 the angry crowd attacked the Palace of Tuileries and killed the king’s guards.

The royal family was imprisoned. Elections were held whereas all men 21 years and above got

the right to vote. Elections were held whereas all men 21 years and above got

the right to vote. They elected an assembly which was called the Convention. Maximilian Robespierre became the ruler of France. Maximilian Robespierre became the ruler of France. On 21 September it abolished monarchy and France

became a republic. Louis XVI was executed on 21 January 1793 Louis XVI was executed on 21 January 1793

France’s Second Revolution-Attack on Palace of TuileriesAttack on Palace of Tuileries

The Reign of TerrorThe Reign of Terror The period from 1793 to 1794 is referred as reign of terror in

France. Robespierre followed a policy of sever control and punishment. Robespierre followed a policy of sever control and punishment. Anybody who was considered as the enemy of republic was

arrested and if found guilty by the court, was guillotined. Robespierre-

fixed the wages and prices 1. fixed the wages and prices 2. rationed meat and bread 3. Forced peasants to transport their grain to the cities and

sell it at fixed price3. Forced peasants to transport their grain to the cities and

sell it at fixed price4. Tried to establish equality by forcing people to eat equality

bread and addressing everyone as citizens instead of traditional Monsieur and Madametraditional Monsieur and Madame

5. Churches were shut down and their buildings were converted into barracks or offices.

Let’s RecallWho were active and passive citizens in France according to Who were active and passive citizens in France according to the constitution?

Which were the natural and inalienable rights given to the Which were the natural and inalienable rights given to the French citizens through the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens?

The French national anthem is---------- and was written by The French national anthem is---------- and was written by the French poet----------.

---------------- was the leader of Jacobin club.Who were sans –culottes? Who were sans –culottes?

What happened in the summer of 1792? What was ‘reign of terror’? What was ‘reign of terror’?

End of Module 3