the national climate change response policy mitigation system national climate change response...
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THE NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE RESPONSE POLICY
Mitigation System
National Climate Change Response Policy
26 May 2015
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Overview
Greenhouse Gas Inventory MPA summary Mitigation System Supporting Projects
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GHGI – Energy as proportion of overall emissions
Power Generation48%
SASOL6%
PetroSA0%Auto-Producers
1%
Manufac + Cons28%
Road Transport9%
Civil Aviation1%
Railway0%
Residential4%
Commercial2%
Agric/Fishing1% Other
0%
Energy - 2009
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South Africa’s Greenhouse Gas
Mitigation Potential Analysis
South Africa’s Greenhouse Gas
Mitigation Potential Analysis
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Mitigation Potential Analysis - Objectives
1. Project national greenhouse gas emissions into future
2.Identify and analyse mitigation opportunities and present marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs), showing costs and greatest technical potential for emissions reduction from different technologies
3. Assess the socio-economic and environmental impacts of the identified mitigation options; multi criteria analysis
4. Develop emission reduction pathways
5
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Subsectors
Energy Industry Transport Waste AFOLU
•Electricity
•Petroleum refining
•Other energy industries
•Coal mining
•Oil and natural gas
• Aluminium production
•Iron and steel
•Ferroalloy
•Chemicals
•Pulp and paper
•Cement
•Lime
•Commercial building
•Residential building
•Mining other than coal
•Aviation
•Road transport
•Rail
•Municipal waste AFOLU
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MITIGATION
POTENTIAL
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PROGRESS TO DATE cont...
Mitigation (emission reduction): overall approach Assess mitigation potential and define desired emission reduction
outcomes; Use of a mix of mitigation policies and measures, including using the
market (Carbon Tax); Formulation of mitigation plans for sectors and sub-sectors, and
monitoring and evaluation.
South Africa’s GHG Mitigation Potential Analysis Comprehensive analysis of mitigation potential of key economic sectors
(Energy, Industry, Transport, Waste, Agriculture, Forestry and Land use (AFOLU);
The last comprehensive modelling to develop mitigation scenarios in the South African economy was the Long Term Mitigation Scenarios(LTMS).
8SECRET
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SUBSECTORS
ENERGY INDUSTRY TRANSPORT WASTE AFOLU
•Electricity
•Petroleum refining
•Other energy industries
•Coal mining
•Oil and natural gas
• Aluminium production
•Iron and steel
•Ferroalloy
•Chemicals
•Pulp and paper
•Cement
•Lime
•Commercial building
•Residential building
•Mining other than coal
•Aviation
•Road transport
•Rail
•Municipal waste AFOLU
9SECRET
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SOUTH AFRICA'S GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION POTENTIAL ANALYSIS - OBJECTIVES
• Project national greenhouse gas emissions into future;• Identify and analyse mitigation opportunities and present
marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs), showing costs and greatest technical potential for emissions reduction from different technologies;
• Assess the socio-economic and environmental impacts of the identified mitigation options; multi criteria analysis;
• Develop emission reduction pathways Set of reduction trajectories over time, which is technologically
achievable; Pathway merely identifies what is technically possible without
providing a detailed description of how that outcome would be achieved.
10SECRET
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PROJECTING GHG EMISSIONS
• “Bottom up” approach: models constructed for each subsector;• The projection uses historic emissions from the Draft Greenhouse Gas Inventory
(GHGI) update (2010): Fuel activity data from GHGI; Electricity consumption data from DoE Energy Balances; Emission sources which are not included in the current GHGI were not
included in projections due to a lack of data; GDP growth assumptions tied to the National Development Plan (moderate
growth to 2050 = 4.2%); Sensitivity analysis based on low growth (3.8%) & high growth (5.4%).
• Reference Case: 2000 – 2050: assumes no mitigation: “Without Measures” (WOM): 556 MtCO2e in 2010, reaching 906 MtCO2e by
2030, and 1,695 MtCO2e by 2050; “With Existing Measures” (WEM) - impacts of existing policy (e.g. IRP 2010)
and measures; 27 MtCO2e lower in 2010; 102 MtCO2e lower in 2050.11SECRET
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EMISSIONS PROJECTION AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
National GHG emissions under the reference case WEM projection, showing high and low growth compared to medium growth
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
GH
G E
mis
sio
ns
Mt
CO
2 e
Waste
AFOLU
Transport
Industry
Energy
Highgrowth
Lowgrowth
12SECRET
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COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS – MACC 2020
• All measures represent savings• Construction of passive buildings
with improved thermal design offers the largest single mitigation potential with the lowest marginal abatement cost
13SECRET
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Power Sector
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MACC 2030
•The total potential abatement for 2030 (137 MtCO2e), and the largest part of this is delivered by nuclear energy (53 MtCO2e) followed by coal power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS) (8MtCO2e)
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NATIONAL
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National MACC 2020
•The MACC illustrates that 37.8% of the total mitigation estimate for 2020 (39.7 MtCO2e) can be achieved through implementing mitigation measures with a negative marginal abatement cost
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Towards a national mitigation systemTowards a national mitigation system
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Elements of the mitigation system
Carbon Budget Pollution Prevention Plans (Mitigation Plans) Carbon Tax Monitoring and Evaluation
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Carbon Budgets
Means of regulating emission of greenhouse gases Greenhouse gas emission allowance Cbudget system:
Budget for each companyReporting systemCompliance process
Phased approach:First phase will run from 2016 to 2020 (5 years)Second phase – 2021 onwards (5 year periods)
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Supporting Projects
Mitigation technology plan: assess opportunities and barriers for the development and large-scale deployment of the key mitigation technologies - DST leading
National Employment vulnerability assessment: assess impact on jobs, by sector – EDD leading
Socio-economic impact: assess impact of mitigation work
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