the national government budgeting process

7/29/2019 The National Government Budgeting Process

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THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

BUDGETING PROCESS

PHILIPPINE SETTING



What is governmentbudgeting?

• Government budgeting is the critical exercise of

allocating revenues and borrowed funds to attain the

economic and social goals of the country. It also entails

the management of government expenditures in such a

way that will create the most economic impact from the

production and delivery of goods and services while

supporting a healthy fiscal position.



Why is governmentbudgeting important?

• Government budgeting is important because it enables

the government to plan and manage its financial

resources to support the implementation of various

programs and projects that best promote the

development of the country. Through the budget, the

government can prioritize and put into action its plants,

programs and policies within the constraints of itsfinancial capability as dictated by economic conditions.



What are the major processes involved innational government budgeting?

• Budgeting for the national government involvesfour (4) distinct processes or phases : budget

preparation, budget authorization, budget execution and accountability .

• While distinctly separate, these processes overlapin the implementation during a budget year.

• Budget preparation for the next budget yearproceeds while government agencies areexecuting the budget for the current year and atthe same time engaged in budget accountabilityand review of the past year's budget.



How is the annual national budgetprepared?

• The major activities involved in the preparation of theannual national budget include the following:

•

Determination of overall economic targets, expenditurelevels and budget framework by the DBCC;

• Issuance by the DBM of the Budget Call which defines thebudget framework; sets economic and fiscal targets;prescribe the priority thrusts and budget levels; and spellsout the guidelines and procedures, technical instructionsand the timetable for budget preparation;

• Preparation by various government agencies of theirdetailed budget estimates ranking programs, projects andactivities using the capital budgeting approach andsubmission of the same to DBM;



• Conduct a budget hearings were agencies are called to justify their proposedbudgets before DBM technical panels;

• Submission of the proposed expenditure program of department/agencies/special for confirmation by department/agency heads.

• Presentation of the proposed budget levels of department/agencies/specialpurpose funds to the DBCC for approval.

• Review and approval of the proposed budget by the President and the Cabinet;

• Submission by the President of proposed budget to Congress.



• To meet the Constitutional requirement for thesubmission of the President's budget with 30

days from the opening of each regular session of

Congress, the budget preparation phase isguided by a budget calendar.



How does the budgetbecome a law?

• In accordance with the requirements of the Constitution, thePresident submits his/her proposed annual budget in the form of Budget of Expenditure and Sources of Financing (BESF) supported

by details of proposed expenditures in the form of a NationalExpenditure Program (NEP) and the President's Budget Message which summarizes the budget policy thrusts and priorities for theyear.

• In Congress, the proposed budget goes first to the House of

Representatives, which assigns the task of initial budget review toits Appropriation Committee.



• The Appropriation Committee together with the otherHouse Sub-Committee conduct hearings on the budgets of

departments/agencies and scrutinize their respectiveprograms/projects. Consequently, the amended budgetproposal is presented to the House body as the GeneralAppropriations Bill.

• While budget hearings are on-going in the House of Representatives, the Senate Finance Committee, throughits different subcommittees also starts to conduct its ownreview and scrutiny of the proposed budget and proposesamendments to the House Budget Bill to the Senate bodyfor approval.

• To thresh out differences and arrive at a common version

of the General Appropriations Bill, the House and theSenate creates a Bicameral Conference Committee thatfinalizes the General Appropriations Bill.



What is the GeneralAppropriations Act?

•The General Appropriations Act (GAA) is the legislativeauthorization that contains the new appropriations in

terms of specific amounts for salaries, wages and other

personnel benefits; maintenance and other operating

expenses; and capital outlays authorized to be spent forthe implementation of various programs/projects and

activities of all departments, bureaus and offices of the

government for a given year.



How is the budgetimplemented?

• accelerate the implementation of government programs and projectsand ensure the judicious use of budgeted government funds, thegovernment adopted the Simplified Fund Release System (SFRS)beginning 1995.

• In contrast to the previous system of releasing funds based on

individual agency requests, the SFRS is a policy-driven system whichstandardized the release of funds across agencies which are similarlysituated in line with specific policy initiatives of the government.

• Following the SFRS, the agency budget matrix (ABM) is prepared by theDBM in consultation with the agencies at the beginning of each budgetyear, upon approval of the annual General Appropriations Act. TheABM is a disaggregation of all the programmed appropriations for eachagency into various expenditure categories. As such, the ABM serves asa blueprint which provides the basis for determining the timing,composition and magnitude of the release of the budget.



Why are adjustments made onthe budget program?

• Adjustments are made on the budget even

during implementation primarily because of the

following:

• Enactment of new laws - Within the fiscal year,

new legislations with corresponding identified

new revenue sources are passed which

necessitate adjustments in the budget program.



• Adjustments in macroeconomic parameters - The

macroeconomic targets considered in the budget are periodicallyreviewed and updated to reflect the impact of recentdevelopments in the projected performance of the nationaleconomy and on the set fiscal program for the year. The relevantindicators affecting the budget aggregates include the following:the Gross National Product (GNP), inflation rate, interest rate,

foreign exchange rate, oil prices, and the level of imports. Thus, asensitivity measure on the impact of these parameters on thebudget will determine whether recent macroeconomicdevelopments have a negative or favorable effect on the budget.

• Change in resources availabilities - Budget adjustments areundertaken when additional resources becomes available such as

new grants, proceeds from newly negotiated loans and grants.Corresponding budget adjustments are also made whenresources generation falls below the targets.



What mechanism ensure that funds havebeen properly allocated and spent?

• Cognizant of the fact that no propitious results can be obtained, evenwith maximum funding, if agency efficiency is low and funds arewastefully spent, systems and procedures are set in place to monitorand evaluate the performance and cost effectiveness of agencies.These activities are subsumed within the fourth and the last phase of the budget process-the budget accountability phase. At the agencylevel, budget accountability takes the form of management's reviewof actual performance or work accomplishment in relation to thework targets of the agency vis-à-vis the financial resources made

available.• Also, detailed examinations of each agency's book of accounts are

undertaken by a resident representative of the Commission on Audit(COA) to ensure that all expenses have been disbursed in accordancewith accounting regulations and the purpose(s) for which the funds

have been authorized.



Is the role of the DBM in the budgetingprocess limited to national governmentagencies?

• No, the role of the DBM in the budgeting process is not limited tonational government agencies. It coordinates all three levels of government-national government department/agencies,government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs) and localgovernment units (LGUs) - in the preparation, execution and controlof expenditures of their corresponding components entities.

• The DBM reviews the corporate operating budgets of GOCCs andensures the proper allocation of cash. The DBM likewise formulatesand recommends the budget policy covering the allowable deficit and

the criteria for the determination of the appropriate subsidy andequity of GOCCs.

• For LGUs, the DBM reviews the annual and supplemental budgets of provinces, and highly urbanized cities and manages the properallocation and release of the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) of

LGUs and their share in the utilization of national wealth.

the national government budgeting process

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