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The The Natural Natural EnvironmEnvironment As ent As StakeholdStakeholderer

Search the WebValuable information for dealing with environ-mental stakeholders can be found at Enviro-Link Network’s web site: www.envirolink.org

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Chapter Thirteen Objectives• Discuss why natural environmental

issues are complex• Describe the eight major natural

environment issues• Describe the NIMBY environmental

problem• Discuss the roles that business and

government play in environmental issues

• Explain the concept of environmental ethics

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Chapter Thirteen Outline• The Natural

Environment• Impact of Business

on the Natural Environment

• Natural Environmental Issues

• Responsibility for Environmental Issues

• The Role of Governments in Environmental Issues

• Other Environmental Stakeholders

• Business Environmentalism

• The Future of Business

• Summary

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Introduction to Chapter Thirteen

• Environment• Carrying

Capacity• Entropy• Ecosystem• Niche

• Cycle• Threshold• Pollution• Irreversibility• Sustainability

Important Environmental Terms

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Business Impact on the Environment

DebatePollution vs. productivity

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Eight Environmental Issues• Ozone depletion• Global warming• Solid and

hazardous wastes

• Fresh water quantity and quality

• Degradation of marine environments

• Deforestation• Land degradation• Endangerment of

biological diversity

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Other Environmental Issues• Air/rain

pollution• Indoor air

pollution• Energy

efficiency

• Toxic substances

• Radon pollution• Noise pollution• Aesthetic

pollution

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Other Environmental Issues

Pollutants Health Concerns

Ozone Respiratory tract and lung problems

Particulates Eye, throat and lung damage

Carbon monoxide

Cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases

Silver dioxide Respiratory tract problems

Lead Brain damage—especially in children

Nitrogen dioxide Respiratory illness and lung damage

Effects of Air Pollutants

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Responsibility for Environmental Issues• Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY)• Environmental ethics

– Green values• Life on earth to continue• Natural justice should be done by all• Pursue nonmaterial qualities of life

– Other ethical theories

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The Role of Governments in Environmental IssuesResponses of Governments in

Canada• Canadian Environmental Protection

Act (CEPA)– Policy goals

• Air quality legislation– National Ambient Air Quality

Objectives (NAAQOs)– Canada-Wide Standards (CWSs)

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The Role of Governments in Environmental IssuesResponses of Governments in Canada

Water quality legislation– Canada Water Act (1970)– Canadian Environmental Protection Act

(1999)– Fisheries Act – Navigable Water Protection Act– Yukon Waters Act and Northwest Territories

Waters Act– Canada Shipping Act– Dominion Water Power Act

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The Role of Governments in Environmental Issues

Responses of Governments in Canada

Land-related legislation– Canadian Environmental Protection

Act (CEPA) focuses on pollution prevention and protection of the environment, human life, and health from the risks associated with toxic substances

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The Role of Governments in Environmental Issues

International Government Responses

United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)

– Montreal Protocol– Kyoto Protocol

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APEC Statement on Global Warming• APEC Leaders Adopt Global Warming Statement By VOA News

08-September-2007

An unidentified man is ordered to back away from police following a disturbance during a protest demonstration in downtown Sydney, 8 Sep 2007Asia-Pacific leaders have ended the first day of their two-day summit in Sydney, Australia, by agreeing to work on reducing climate-changing greenhouse gas emissions.

Australian Prime Minister John Howard said the 21 economies on Saturday agreed to adopt what he called "aspirational" goals to reduce emissions, with all nations contributing according to their own capacities.

They did not adopt firm emission-reduction targets.

Environmentalists had called on the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group to set some firm reduction targets, instead of non-binding goals. But many governments -- including the United States, China and Australia -- opposed such an agreement.

Their statement, also called the "Sydney Declaration," sets a target for reducing what is known as "energy intensity" by 25 percent by 2030. Energy intensity is a measure of the energy efficiency of a nation's economy.

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Other Environmental StakeholdersInterest groups include:•Radicals•Mainstreamers•Accommodators

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Other Environmental Stakeholders

•Green consumers•Green employees•Green investors

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Business Environmentalism• Use of corporate examples• Environmental and financial

performance• Systematic business responses to the

environmental challenges:– Generic management decision-making

tools– Cost-benefit analysis– Risk management– Strategic environmental management

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Future of Business:Greening or Growing?

Two Important Questions• Can the earth support a high

consumption Western lifestyle?• If not, what are the implications for

business and how can business respond?