THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Bell Work

Go to page 137-8 in the small A&P book.

Define:

Neuroglia and neuron

Afferent neurons (sensory)

Efferent neurons (motor)

Associate or interneurons

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Exercise Science Standards

8) Review the gross and cellular anatomy and physiology

of the musculoskeletal, nervous, and cardiovascular

systems. Define the terms neuromuscular integration and

central command. Summarize how neuromuscular

integration, central command, and training and/or

rehabilitation plans are based on the integration of the

muscle nerve with the muscles of these systems.

3.01 Remember the structures of the

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3.01 Remember the structures of the

nervous system4

OBJECTIVES

IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES AND

FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS

SYSTEM.

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Structures of the nervous system

Overall function of the nervous

system

Communication and coordination

system of the body

Monitors body’s conditions and takes

corrective action – to maintain

homeostasis

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Cellular structures of the nervous

systemNeuron- a nerve cell

Extensions of the neuron

Dendrites -receive information

from the environment, contain nerve

cell processes that carry impulse to

cell body

Axon (one) – generates and

sends signals to other cells, carries

impulse away from cell body

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Cellular structures of the nervous

system

Neuron- a nerve cell

Myelin sheath - a

special covering of the

axon

Synapse – the space

between neurons

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Structures of the nervous system

Central nervous

system

Brain

Spinal cord

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Structures of the nervous system

Peripheral nervous

system

Nerves

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

Sensory receptors

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Structures of the

central nervous system:

BRAIN

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Cerebrum

Divided into two hemispheres (right and left)

Frontal lobe

Occipital lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Functions of Cerebral Lobes

Frontal – motor activities, conscious

thought, speech, memory

Parietal- body sense perception, primary

taste, and speech

Occipital – vision

Temporal – hearing, taste, language

comprehension, integration of emotion

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Cerebrum

Largest part of brain

Divided into right and left hemispheres by

longitudinal fissure and divided from cerebellum

by transverse fissure

Surface is not smooth, but broken by ridges, gyri

and grooves, sulci

Convolutions –elevated folds, increase surface

area of the brain, more space

Lobes named for skull bones that cover them3.01 Remember the structures of the

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Cerebellum Posterior to cerebrum

Surface is convoluted like that of

cerebrum

Involved in sensory collection,

motor coordination, and balance

Composed of two hemispheres

Controls all body function related

to skeletal muscles– balance &

posture, muscle tone,

coordination of muscle

movements

Fine tunes voluntary skeletal

muscle activity3.01 Remember the structures of the

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3.01 Remember the structures of the

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN Diencephalon

Located between the

cerebrum and the

midbrain

Structures

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pineal body

Pituitary gland

What system are

these also a part of?

Corpus Callosum Collection of neurons

(white matter) that

connects left and right

hemispheres

Connection allows for

cross-communication

between right and left

sides of brain

Contra lateral-control

opposite sides of body

Many day-to-day

activities, like walking or

driving, require both sides

of body, and therefore both

sides of brain, to be well

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3.01 Remember the structures of the

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Brain stem- Stalk-like structure inferior to,

and partially covered by,

cerebrum

Pathway for ascending and

descending tracts from spinal

cord to cerebrum

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

Structure and Function of the

Brain Stem…

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Meninges

Dura mater

Outermost

layer

Arachnoid

Middle layer

Pia mater

Innermost

layer

Meninges

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Dura mater -outer layer lines the inside of the skull, tough dense fibrous connective tissue

Arachnoid mater- middle layer, is wispy delicate layer resembling spider web composed of collagen and elastic fibers acting as shock absorber, and transporting dissolved gases and nutrients as well as chemical messengers and waste products to CSF

Pia mater- innermost layer, contains blood vessels that serve brain and spinal cord

Meninges spaces

Subdural - space between dura and

arachnoid space

Subarachnoid space-between arachnoid and

pia mater

Epidural space- in spinal cord area of fluid

and blood vessels ( used in anesthesia)

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3.01 Remember the structures of the

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Ventricles - lined cavities

deep within the brain

filled with cerebrospinal

fluid

Choroid plexus – rich

network of blood vessels

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Structures of the

central nervous system:

Spinal Cord Surrounded by the

vertebrae, meninges, and

cerebrospinal fluid

Conduction pathway for

the brain and the rest of

the body

Reflex center

She’s A Real Brain!!!

Activity:

Complete the

worksheet with your

small group.

Then create 10 more

activities that may be

assigned to different

parts of the brain.

For these 10 activities,

the answers should be

one of the lobes of the

brain!!!!

Exit ticket:

Complete the back of

the worksheet!!!

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Online Activities

Brain Dominance Test

http://www.ipn.at/ipn.asp?BHX

https://openpsychometrics.org/tests/OHBDS/

Reaction Time Test

https://www.justpark.com/creative/reaction-

time-test/

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Activity

Create a layered model of the brain.

Include all of the parts of the cerebrum,

cerebellum, and brain stem.

Include the parts of the diencephalon.

Label each and include a brief function of each

(this may be on the back if you do not have

enough room).

Include graphics if you can to help remember the

function (for example: occipital lobe- eye glasses

to represent vision).

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Day 2 Bell Work

Go to the class website. Choose the Brain

Dominance Test.

Write down your answers and a 3-5

sentence summary of the explanations at the

end.

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Standard

8) Review the gross and cellular anatomy and physiology

of the musculoskeletal, nervous, and cardiovascular

systems. Define the terms neuromuscular integration and

central command. Summarize how neuromuscular

integration, central command, and training and/or

rehabilitation plans are based on the integration of the

muscle nerve with the muscles of these systems.

3.01 Remember the structures of the

nervous system29

3.01 Remember the structures of the

nervous system30

OBJECTIVES

IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES AND

FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL

NERVOUS SYSTEM.

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nervous system31

Structures of the nervous system

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Structures of the nervous system

Peripheral

nervous system

12 cranial nerves

31 pairs of spinal

nerves

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Structures of the

peripheral nervous system I. Olfactory

II. Optic

III. Oculomotor

IV. Trochlear

V. Trigeminal

VI. Abducens

VII. Facial

VIII. Vestibulocochlear (Acoustic)

IX. Glossopharyngeal

X. Vagus

XI. Accessory

XII. Hypoglossal

The cranial nerves are named

also as Roman Numerals.

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Structures of the nervous system

Somatic nervous system

(Voluntary)

These nerves are located along the spinal cord.

Connect skeletal, muscles and joints to the brain.

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Structures of the nervous system

Peripheral

nervous system

31 pairs of spinal

nerves

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Structures of the

nervous system

Peripheral

nervous system

12 cranial nerves

31 pairs of spinal

nerves

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Structures of the

peripheral nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Somatic nervous system

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Structures of the nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

(Involuntary)

Sympathetic nervous system Extends from the base

of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column

These nerves connect to all internal organs

Think ‘auto-pilot’

Parasympathetic nervous system The vagus nerve

connects the medullawith organs of the upper body

The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body

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Structures of the

peripheral nervous system

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Structures of the nervous system

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With a partner…

Practice assessing the cranial nerves with your

partner!!!

Highlight the most important information on your

worksheets. Then follow the instructions to

assess your partner!

Additional Activities

Complete questions from the book on pages

155-56 (Review and Matching)

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