The Netherlands at a Glance

22

36 %

26 %

23 %

16 %

Total:466

TWh

4 %

31 %

35 %

3 %

9 %

19 %

Total:466

TWh

Population2016,[2]: 17.0 million Size[2]: 41 540 km2

Net El.

Cons.2016,[14]:105.3 TWhel

Peak-

Load[13]:20.3 GWel

Trade-Balance[13]: -3.5 TWhel

RES-Share

El.2016,[14]:12.5 %

GDP per Capita[2]: $48 223

GDP per

Capita-

Ranking[2]:

13/185

Ta

rgets

Fin

al E

nerg

yC

on

su

mp

tio

nC

O2-E

mis

sio

ns

The Netherlands at a Glance

Ke

y-I

nd

icato

rs

All evaluations based on the year 2017 if not mentioned otherwise.

FR

BE

NL

UK

IR

DK

NO

PLDE

SE

Cu

rre

nt

To

pic

sK

ey F

ac

ts

Location

|

Services

Residential

Transport

Industry

Oil (total)

Hard Coal

Brown Coal

Gas Electricity

Total Renewables

Wastes (non ren.)

Derived Heat

3 %

48 %

10 %

22 %

17 %

Total:33

Mt CO2

18 %

41 %

27 %

14 %

Total:33

Mt CO2

[1] [11] [12]

[4;5;25]

[1;6;7;8]• SDE+: Additional payment for generating renewable

energy; depending on installed technology and capacity

• Tax reduction if investments in RE technologies are made

or self produced RE is used; depending on technology

• Nearly 80 % of heating energy generated by gas power

plants high reduction potential in building sector,

planned to be free from gas use by 2050, using

alternatives such as:

• Electrical heat pumps

• Residual heat

• Biofuels

• Import/Export: Transit country with interconnections to

Germany, UK, Norway, Belgium; Capacity of

interconnections is planned to be increased

Energy Efficiency RES GHG-Reduction

• Installation of offshore wind plants with a total capacity of

11.5 GW by 2030

• Wind farm „Hollandse Kust Zuid“ tender planned without any

subsidies (installed capacity of 700 MW)

• In implementing Sustainable Development Goals, the

Netherlands rank 26th in increasing share of RE, and 24th in

reduction of GHG (out of 28 EU member states)

NL

FR

BE

LU

DE

Based on 2014 data

-11 % vs. 2007

-20 % vs. 2005

-36 % vs. 1990

-40 % -30 % -20 % -10 % 0 %

2015

2020

2030

-7 % vs. 2007

-20 % vs. 2015

-20 % -10 % 0 %

2013

EU Target2020

2.8 %

6.0 %

14.0 %

0 % 5 % 10 % 15 %

Share 2006

Share 2016

EU Target2020

33

The Netherlands´ Electricity Sector

Policies

• RES-H infrastructure is supported through EIA

(energy investment allowance) tax credits

• Innovation in renewable energy techniques is

supported through contracts between private

companies, universities, R&D institutes,

especially for offshore wind-, solar energy (PV)

technologies and bio-based economy

Costs

• Depending on technology and installed capacity:

• Onshore Wind: 5.4-8.5 €ct/kWh

• Solar: 9.0-10.6 €ct/kWh

Imp

ort

-Ex

po

rt

All evaluations based on the year 2017 if not mentioned otherwise.

Low hanging fruits case in 2014

Renewable Energies

Support Schemes

Insta

lle

dC

ap

acit

y

Cu

sto

me

r P

ric

es

Wholesale Market

Ne

t E

l. G

en

era

tio

n [14]

• Main power market: Nord Pool Spot AS

• Divided into two market areas (DK1/DK2)

• Capacity Market: No

• Additional CO2-Pricing: carbon tax 22.8

EUR/tCO2

• Day-Ahead-Market:

2017 DK1 & DK2 Buy DK1 & DK2 Sell

Volume 33 TWh 26.6 TWh

Avg. Price 31 €/MWh

[3]

[3]

[15;16;17]

*Total net el. generation based on [14], share of energy carriers based on [13]

[own calculation]

[own calculation; compare methodology slides]

0.5

19

.3

4.6

0.5 0.7 2

.0

0.6

3.5

0

10

20

Bio

mas

s

Lign

ite

Gas

Har

d C

oa

l

Oil

Geo

ther

mal

Hyd

ro

Mar

ine

Nu

clea

r

Oth

er PV

Win

d O

ff

Win

d O

n

GW

1%

67%

7%

4%

7%

14%

Biomass Lignite

Gas Hard Coal

Oil Geothermal

Hydro Marine

Nuclear Other

PV Wind Offshore

Wind Onshore

Specific CO2-Emissions2014:

112 TWh

514 g/kWh

75

22

9367

18

35

9

70

Substituted

fossil FEC

Electrical

FEC 2014

Electrical FEC

218

160

133

83

38

0

100

200

300

400

Final Energy Consumption (FEC)

in TWh

Non-electrical

FEC 2014

415

After electrification

IND heating + hot water

SME heating + hot water

IND process heat <100 C

IND process heat

100 < C < 200 Passenger Road TP

Electrical FEC 2014Services (SME)

Industry (IND)

Residential (HH)

Transport (TP)

“Low hanging fruits” case 2014

Renewable Energies

vR

ES

Po

ten

tia

lE

lec

trif

ica

tio

nP

ote

nti

al

[13]

TWh

39 108

579

48

129

62

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Onshore

0

RooftopSolar

0

Floating Offshore

OffsiteSolar

Bottom-fixedOffshore

48

299

0

Crop and grazing area

Less-favoured area

Very strong wind

Strong wind

Mean wind

Low wind

[13;14]

1,557

14,195

191

4,993

9,643

422

7,219

113

Belgium

Germany

United Kingdom

Norway

Netherlands TWh[13]

0.0

0.1

0.2

NL EU avg NL EU avg

Pri

ce i

n €

/kW

h

Taxes and Levies Grid Energy and Supply

Residential2 500 - 5 000 kWh

Industry20 - 70 GWh

2016 data

44

36 %

26 %

23 %

16 %

Total:

466

TWh

4 %

31 %

35 %

3 %

9 %

19 %

Total:

466

TWh

37 %

31 %

17 %

16 %

Total:

167

Mt CO2

8 %

39 %

21 %

6 %

26 %

Total:

167

Mt CO2

All Sectors All Energy Carriers

Fin

al E

nerg

yC

on

su

mp

tio

nC

O2

-E

mis

sio

ns

ElectricityLignite

Hard Coal

Waste (non. ren.)

Derived HeatTotal RenewablesOil (total)

GasIndustry ServicesTransport Residential

The Netherlands´ Energy Consumption & Emissions

by Sectors and Energy Carriers - 2014

Own calculation by using: [18;19;20;21;22;23;24]

55

98 %

2 %

95 %

3 %

1 %

10 %

19 %

35 %1 %

15 %

20 %

1 %

46 %

2 %2 %

48 %

70 %

5 %

3 %

22 %

21 %

22 %

22 %

13 %

22 %

54 %

4 %

42 %

2 %

26 %

2 %70 %

Total:

62

Mt CO2

Total*:

52

Mt CO2

Total:

166

TWh

Total*:

120

TWh

Total:

106

TWh

Total:

28

Mt CO2

Total:

74

TWh

Total:

26

Mt CO2

Industry Transport Residential Services

Fin

al E

nerg

yC

on

su

mp

tio

nC

O2

-E

mis

sio

ns

Total Renewables Waste (non. ren.) Derived Heat ElectricityGasHard Coal Lignite Oil (total)

The Netherlands´ Energy Consumption & Emissions

by Sectors and Energy Carriers - 2014

*excluding international aviation

66

10 %

28 %

41 %

4 %

15 %

48 %

10 %3 %

2 %

4 %

15 %

5 %

12 %

62 %16 %

2 %

8 %1 %

6 %3 %

100 %

10 %

28 %

41 %

4 %

15 %30 %

6 %

2 %1 %3 %

27 %

10 %

21 %

55 %

15 %2 %

7 %

3 %12 %

6 %

100 %

Total:

62

Mt CO2

Total*:

52

Mt CO2

Total:

166

TWh

Total*:

120

TWh

Total:

106

TWh

Total:

28

Mt CO2

Total:

74

TWh

Total:

26

Mt CO2

Industry Transport Residential Services

Fin

al E

nerg

yC

on

su

mp

tio

nC

O2

-E

mis

sio

ns

Other Process Cold

Climate Cold

Cooking

Process Heat > 500 °C

Process Heat < 500 °C

Warm Water

Space Heating

Mechanical Energy

ICT

Lighting

The Netherlands´ Energy Consumption & Emissions

by Application & Sectors - 2014

*excluding international aviation

77

Institutions

Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy https://www.government.nl/ministries/ministry-of-economic-affairs-and-climate-policy

TSO Electricity TenneT https://www.tennet.eu/de/#&panel1-1

TSO Gas Gasunie Transport Services https://www.gasunietransportservices.nl/en

Regulator Authority for Consumers and Markets https://www.acm.nl/en

The Netherlands: Sources

Sources[1] IEA (International Energy Agency) 2014, Energy Policies of IEA countries, The Netherlands Review 2014, http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-policies-of-iea-countries---the-

netherlands-2014-review.html

[2] World Development Indicators, The World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org/

[3] Res legal, 2018, http://www.res-legal.eu/en/search-by-country/netherlands/tools-list/c/netherlands/s/res-e/t/policy/sum/172/lpid/171/

[4] Goals for Offshore Wind Energy, http://www.energate-messenger.de/news/181979/niederlande-stecken-offshore-ziele-2030-ab

[5] Netherlands Enterprise Agency, https://english.rvo.nl/subsidies-programmes/sde/sde-offshore-wind-energy

[6] Ministry of Economic Affairs: Renewable Heating and Cooling Policy of the Netherlands, https://www.iea.org/media/workshops/2017/heatingcooling/deVries_NL.pdf

[7] Res legal 2018, http://www.res-legal.eu/search-by-country/netherlands/single/s/res-e/t/promotion/aid/premium-tariff-sde/lastp/171/

[8] Netherlands Enterprise Agency, https://english.rvo.nl/subsidies-programmes/energy-investment-allowance-eia,

[9] Overview of Energy Agreements, https://www.government.nl/topics/renewable-energy/central-government-encourages-sustainable-energy

[10] National Flag, http://www.nationalflaggen.de/flaggen-europa.html

[11] Eurostat, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/images/b/b7/Table_2-Share_of_energy_from_renewable_sources_in_gross_final_consumption_of_energy_2004-2016.png

[12] UNFCCC GHG Data, http://di.unfccc.int/ghg_profile_annex1

[13] ENTSO-E Transparency Platform, https://transparency.entsoe.eu/

[14] Eurostat Database, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/de/data/database

[15] EPEX Spot, https://www.apxgroup.com/market-results/apx-power-nl/dashboard/

[16] European Commission, Country Reports, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_countryreports_netherlands.pdf

[17] OECD, Environmental Tax Profile, https://www.oecd.org/tax/tax-policy/environmental-tax-profile-netherlands.pdf

[18] European Commission - Eurostat, 2017, Energy statistics - supply, transformation and consumption: Complete energy balances - annual data - nrg_110a:

http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=nrg_110a&lang=en

[19] European Commission - Eurostat, 2017, Energy consumption in households: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Energy_consumption_in_households

[20] AG Energiebilanzen e.V., 2018, Energiebilanz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2016

[21] TEP Energy GmbH (TEP), University Utrecht ARMINES, 2017, Deliverable 3.1: Profile of heating and cooling demand in 2015: http://www.heatroadmap.eu/output.php Karlsruhe: Fraunhofer Institute for

Systems and Innovation Research (ISI)

[22] Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), Institute for Resource Efficiency and Energy Strategies GmbH (IREES), Observ'ERTU Wien

- Energy Economics Group (EEG), TEP Energy GmbH (TEP), European Commission (EC), 2016, Mapping and analyses of the current and future (2020 - 2030) heating/cooling fuel deployment (fossil/renewables) -

Work package 1: Final energy consumption for the year 2012

[23] Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2006. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories - Energy - Stationary Combustion

[24] Fleiter, Tobias et al.: Mapping and analyses of the current and future (2020 - 2030) heating/cooling fuel deployment (fossil/renewables) - Work package 2: Data Annex 2 Industrial processes for publication

[25] Centraal Bureau voor de Statiitiek, 2018, https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2018/10/netherlands-closer-to-achieving-sustainability-goals

Main Studies

• The Netherlands 2014 Review (International Energy

Agency)

http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/e

nergy-policies-of-iea-countries---the-netherlands-2014-

review.html

• Energy Report Transition to Sustainable Energy (Ministry

of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands)

https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2016/04/28/e

nergy-report-transition-tot-sustainable-energy

• Energy Agenda (Ministry of Economic Affairs of the

Netherlands)

https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2017/03/01/e

nergy-agenda-towards-a-low-carbon-energy-supply