the new deal chapter 15. chapter overview fdr launches a program aiming to end the great depression....
TRANSCRIPT
The New Deal Chapter 15
Chapter Overview
FDR launches a program aiming to end the Great Depression. The Depression
and Roosevelt’s New Deal have profound effects on the nation.
The New Deal Fights Depression
Franklin Delano RooseveltInauguration, March 1933
20th Amendment The New Deal—program designed to
alleviate the Great Depression 3 Goals:
Relief for needyEconomic recoveryFinancial reform
The New Deal Fights Depression
The Hundred Days—March 9-June 16 Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of
New Deal legislation Expanding the role of government
The Importance of the Fireside Chat Explained the New Deal in clear, simple
language Explained the banking system
The New Deal Fights Depression
Regulating Banking and Finance=1st Step Emergency Banking Relief Act—authorized
inspection of the country’s banksStable=Open; Unstable=Closed
Glass-Steagall Act—Established FDICProvide federal insurance for individual bank
accounts up to $5,000 Federal Securities Act—Stock companies
responsible for misrepresentation Securities & Exchange Commission—regulate
the stock market; prevent insider trading
The New Deal Fights Depression
Rural Assistance Agricultural Adjustment Act—raise crop prices
by lowering production Tennessee Valley Authority—renovated &
constructed dams in order to generate electricity and prevent floods
The New Deal Fights Depression
Providing Work Projects Civilian Conservation Corps—put young men
(18-25) to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, etc
Public Works Administration—provided $ to state to create jobs in construction of school & community buildings
Civil Works Administration (more of the same)
The New Deal Fights Depression
Promoting Fair PracticesNational Industrial Recovery Act National Recovery Administration—set prices to ensure
fair competition and establish standards for working hours
Food, Clothing and Shelter Home Owners Loan Corporation Federal Housing Administration Federal Emergency Relief Administration
The New Deal Fights Depression
The People React Conservatives=too much spent Liberals=not enough done
The Supreme Court Reacts Called several New Deal programs unconstitutional—they gave
too much power to federal government AAA, NIRA
Court Packing FDR suggests 6 new justices be added Ultimately adds 7 of his choice over next 4 years
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Reelecting FDR 1936, overwhelming victory
The Second New Deal Called for more extensive relief for farmers & workers
Helping Farmers Replaced 1st AAA with Soil Conservation &
Domestic Allotment Act 2nd Agriculture Adjustment Act Farm Security Administration—loaned $ to farmers
to buy land
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Work Progress Administration create as many jobs as possible Built airports, roads, sewed clothes Criticized because private companies should give
jobs, not the government
National Youth Administration specifically to provide education, jobs, counseling &
recreation to young people
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Improving Labor Conditions Wagner Act—protected workers rights to join unions &
prohibited unfair labor practices National Labor Relations Board—to hear about unfair
labor practices and provide workers union representation
Social Security Act Old-age insurance for retirees 65 or older & spouses Unemployment compensation Aid to families with dependent children & disabled
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Expanding and Regulating Utilities Rural Electrification Administration—financed and
worked with electrical cooperatives to bring electricity to isolated areas
1935, 12.6%...1945, 48%...1949, 90%
Pg 500—New Deal Programs Chart
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
WOMEN Eleanor Roosevelt pressured her husband to appoint
women to government jobs Frances Perkins—1st female cabinet member;
Secretary of Labor Also appointed 2 female diplomats & a female federal
judge
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
AFRICAN AMERICANS Appointed 100+ to key positions in the government Mary McLeod Bethune
head of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration Organized “Black Cabinet” of influential African Americans to
advise FDR administration on racial issues Never fully committed to Civil Rights, but still had support
from black community because New Deal was helping
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
NATIVE AMERICANS John Collier—appointed commissioner of Indian
Affairs Helped create Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
Move away from assimilation Restored reservation land
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
New Deal Coalition—alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party
FDR gained much support from many different groups
Culture in the 1930’s
MOVIES:Profitable time for Motion-Picture industryFilms offered escape from hard realitiesEnd of Silent films— “talkies”Movies
Gone With the Wind The Wizard of Oz Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
Culture in the 1930’s
Radio:90% of American homes had radios
Fireside Chats Orson Wells – War of the Worlds The Lone Ranger Soap Operas Woody Guthrie
Culture in the 1930’sArt:
More serious works Grant Wood – American Gothic Federal Art Project (WPA)
Literature: Zora Neale Hurston Richard Wright John Steinbeck Federal Writers’ Project (WPA)
The Impact of the New Deal
FDR faced pressure to scale back New Deal New Deal expanded power of federal government
Infused economy with millions $$$ Created federal jobs Attempted to regulate supply & demand Increased government participation in labor
disputes Regulate Banking & Finance—FDIC, SEC
The Impact of the New Deal
Federal government greatly in debt Did not end depression, but helped thousands of
suffering men, women & children WWII would eventually end the Great Depression…
The Impact of the New Deal
Lasting Legacies FDIC & SEC to regulate banking & investment Wagner Act & Fair Labor Standards Act
National Labor Relations Board still active today Social Security
Government accepted responsibility for assisting needy Commodity Credit Corporation
Loans made to farmers under AAA Tennessee Valley Authority
National Park system, Dams