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  • 8/2/2019 The New Deal Goose Step-Carl H Mote-1939-273pgs-POL

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    COPYRIGHT, 1 , 9 3 9 , BY

    DANIEL RYERSON, INC .

    PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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    3/273

    P r e f a c e

    THE PREPARATION of this manuscript was inspired

    b y a n i n c r e a s i n g s i m i l a r i t y b e t w e e n t h e m e t h o d s a n d o b -

    j e c t i v e s o f t h e N e w D e a l , a s t h e y c o u l d b e a s s e m b l e d i n t o

    a completed pattern from the public utterances and

    u n d e r t a k i n g s o f t h e n e w b u r e a u c r a c y , a n d t h e p r o g r a m

    d e v i s e d b y M a r x , E n g e l s , L e n i n a n d t h e i r l e s s e r d i s c i p l e s

    t o a c c o m p l i s h w o r l d " r e v o l u t i o n . " T h a t s o m e o f t h e f i n a l

    o b j e c t i v e s o f M r . R o o s e v e l t a n d h i s c o n f e d e r a t e s h a v e t o

    b e i n f e r r e d , i n t h e a b s e n c e o f c a n d i d a d m i s s i o n s , i s n o

    l e s s c o n v i n c i n g t h a n c a t e g o r i c a l e v i d e n c e s i n c e t h e i n -

    f e r e n c e s a r e i n e s c a p a b l e . B u t t h e r e i s a l s o a n a b u n d a n c e

    o f c a t e g o r i c a l e v i d e n c e t o p r o v e c o n c l u s i v e l y t h e N e w

    D e a l p u r p o s e t o a t t a i n a s o c i a l i z e d s t a t e a n d t h e a b o l i t i o n

    o f t h e p r i v a t e o w n e r s h i p o f p r o p e r t y .

    S i n c e t h e c o u n t r y h a s m a d e s o m e p r o g r e s s i n c a t c h i n g

    up with Mr . R o o s e v e l t ' s p a s t , h e h a s l e a r n e d t o s n e e r i n

    f i t s o f e m o t i o n a l h e a t . W h e n h i s a t t e n t i o n w a s c a l l e d t o

    t h e a c t i v i t y o f c e r t a i n w o m e n t o p u r g e t h e p a u p e r s f r o m

    t h e b a l l o t , h e H y d e - P a r k e d t o t h e c o r r e s p o n d e n t s h i s

    a n t i p a t h y f o r o u t m o d e d s t a n d a r d s o f f r e e d o m i n V i r g i n i a

    w h i c h c o l l e c t s a p o l l t a x f r o m v o t e r s . His sudden heat

    subsided when Senator Glass turned the hose on him .

    S e n a t o r G l a s s p o i n t e d o u t t h a t t h e p o l l t a x h a s n o i m -

    p o r t a n t b e a r i n g o n v o t i n g i n V i r g i n i a s i n c e o n l y h a l f

    t h o s e w h o p a y t h e p o l l t a x a c t u a l l y g o t o t h e p o l l s .

    The shibboleth of Mr . Roosevelt is "Democracy . "

    T h e s h i b b o l e t h o f D r . R o b e r t M . H u t c h i n s , p r e s i d e n t o f

    t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C h i c a g o , a n d m o s t o f t h e p o l i t i c a l p e d -

    agogues is "more Democracy ." The shibboleth of T h e

    N e w R e p u b l i c , T h e N a t i o n , a l l t h e " L i b e r a l s , " P r o g r e s -

    1 T h e a u t h o r s a l u t e s t h e Chicago Tribune .

    H i

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    s i v e s a n d L a b o r r a c k e t e e r s i s " D e m o c r a c y ." The shib-

    b o l e t h o f J o h n L . L e w i s a n d t h e c . i . o . i s " D e m o c r a c y . "

    Referring to "Judaism," Rabbi Louis I . Newman as-

    s e r t ss

    " D e m o c r a c y f u r n i s h e s i t s m o s t c o n g e n i a l e n v i r o n -

    ment . " C u r i o u s l y e n o u g h , t h e s h i b b o l e t h o f e n r o l l e d

    C o m m u n i s t s a n d t h e i r " f e l l o w t r a v e l e r s " i s a l s o " D e m o c -

    r a c y ." Lenin was an ardent advocate of more "Democ-

    r a c y . "8

    T h e r e i s s u c h a u n a n i m i t y i n t h i s c h o i c e o f a

    s h i b b o l e t h t h a t t h e u n a n i m i t y c a n h a r d l y b e d i s m i s s e d a s

    a c o i n c i d e n c e . L e w i s j o u r n e y e d t o M e x i c o C i t y i n S e p -

    t e m b e r , 1 9 3 8 , t o p r o c l a i m t h e v i r t u e o f " D e m o c r a c y , "

    a t t a c k F a s c i s m a n d f r a t e r n i z e w i t h a l a b o r g r o u p t h a t i s

    wholly Communist .

    I n t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n t o N i e t z s c h e ' s " A n t i c h r i s t , " ` H .L. M e n c k e n , w h o t r a n s l a t e d i t , a s s e r t s t h a t N i e t z s c h e s a wc l e a r l y a g e n e r a t i o n a g o t h a t w h a t i s c a l l e d B o l s h e v i s m

    ( i . e . Socialism and Communism) is only "democracy in

    a n o t h e r a s p e c t , " a v a r i a t i o n o f " t h e e n d l e s s s t r u g g l e o f

    q u a n t i t y a g a i n s t q u a l i t y , o f t h e w e a k a n d t i m o r o u s a g a i n s t

    t h e s t r o n g a n d e n t e r p r i s i n g , o f t h e b o t c h e d a g a i n s t t h e

    f i t . "

    N e w D e a l r e v e r s e s i n t h e 1 9 3 8 e l e c t i o n s , h o w e v e r , m a y

    t e n d t o c h i l l t h e e n t h u s i a s m o f t h e L e f t W i n g f o r " D e -

    m o c r a c y " a n d b e f o r e h e f i n i s h e s h i s t e r m M r . R o o s e v e l t

    h i m s e l f m a y b e a r g u i n g t h a t s u f f r a g e b e l i m i t e d s t r i c t l y

    t o m e m b e r s o f h i s b u r e a u c r a c y , t h e WPA a n d t h e r e l i e fc o n t i n g e n t .

    I t i s n o t d i f f i c u l t t o d e t e r m i n e t h e s y m p a t h i e s o f o n e

    w h o p r e t e n d s t h a t t h e d i s c l o s u r e s o f t h e D i e s C o m m i t t e e

    c r e a t e p r e j u d i c e a g a i n s t p e a c e , t h e r i g h t s o f l a b o r a n d

    c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g , a s , f o r e x a m p l e , P r o f . H a l f o r d E .

    L u c c o c k o f t h e Y a l e D i v i n i t y S c h o o l d i d ' i n a N e w Y o r k

    sermon on September I I , 1 9 3 8 . . N o r w h e n t h e s a m e c o m -

    2 "Biting on Granite" by Rabbi Louis L . Ne wma n, A t l a n t i c M o n t h l y ,F e b r u a r y , 1 9 8 8 .

    s " I m p e r i a l i s m a n d T h e S t a t e a n d R e v o l u t i o n " ( V a n g u a r d P r e s s ) p . 1 9 3 .

    f" T h e A n t i c h r i s t " b y F r e d e r i c k W . N i e t z s c h e w i t h a n I n t r o d u c t i o n b y H. L .

    Mencken (Alfred A. K n o p f , I n c . ) p. 2 5 -

    6 N e w Y o r k T i m e s , S e p t . 1 2 , 1 9 3 8 .

    i v

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    A m e r i c a s h o r t l y w i l l f i n d i t s e l f i n a s i t u a t i o n i d e n t i c a l

    w i t h t h a t o f R u s s i a , G e r m a n y a n d I t a l y t o d a y - d o m i n a t e d

    a n d c o n t r o l l e d b y a r e v o l u t i o n a r y d i c t a t o r s h i p . A so-

    c i a l i z e d s t a t e o r a c o m m u n i s t i c s o c i e t y i s a c h i m e r i c a l

    o b j e c t i v e , i m p o s s i b l e a n d u n a t t a i n a b l e , e x c e p t u n d e r t h e

    h e e l o f a S t a l i n , a H i t l e r , a M u s s o l i n i . T h a t s o m e o f t h e

    N e w D e a l c o u n s e l l o r s r e c o g n i z e t h i s f a c t i s e v i d e n c e d b y

    t h e i r p r e s e n t f e v e r i s h o p e r a t i o n s f o r s t r i c t l y p e r s o n a l g a i n .

    M a n y n e w s p a p e r s a n d m a g a z i n e s , i t o u g h t t o b e s a i d ,

    have done a remarkable work in the past year in the

    delineation of human depravity in the New Deal era .

    T h e e x p o s i t i o n h a s b e e n a c c o m p l i s h e d w i t h r e s t r a i n t a n d

    u n i f o r m d i g n i t y .

    O n e e l e m e n t , i t s e e m s , h a s b e e n l a c k i n g , i . e . , a n i n -

    t e r p r e t a t i o n o f p a s s i n g e v e n t s i n t e r m s o f t h e u l t i m a t e .

    I t h a s s e e m e d t h a t m o s t w r i t e r s p r e t e n d t o b e l i e v e - r e -

    g a r d l e s s o f w h a t t h e y a c t u a l l y d o b e l i e v e - t h a t t h e r e i s a

    w a y o u t o f t h e j u n g l e , i f o n l y M r . R o o s e v e l t w i l l v e e r

    s l i g h t l y t o t h e r i g h t .

    T h e a u t h o r h a s n o s u c h o p i n i o n f o r t h e r e a s o n t h a t

    t h e m a s s e s w h o h a v e a l r e a d y e n j o y e d t h e b o u n t i e s o f t h e

    s t a t e f o r f i v e y e a r s a r e b a d l y s p o i l e d a n d w i l l u s e t h e i r

    p o l i t i c a l p o w e r , w h i c h u n i v e r s a l s u f f r a g e a n d o u r p a r t y

    s y s t e m i n v i t e , t o p r e v e n t a n y m a j o r a b a t e m e n t o f t h e

    b o u n t i e s . N o w a y o f e s c a p e f r o m s t e a d i l y i n c r e a s i n g

    b o u n t i e s h a s b e e n d i v u l g e d a n d w e o n l y s a v e o u r s e l v e s

    now from the misery of contemplating our u l t i m a t e

    disaster-and the abyss-by practicing the ways of an

    o s t r i c h i n a s a n d s t o r m .

    W h i l e a s h i f t i n t h e m e t a p h o r i s n e c e s s a r y , a s h i f t f r o m

    t h e j u n g l e t o t h e s e a , E u r i p i d e s i s t h e s o u r c e o f a n o b s e r -

    v a t i o n o n c e m o r e p e r t i n e n t :

    " S o g r e a t a s e a o f t r o u b l e s d o I s e e ,

    T h a t t o s w i m o u t f r o m i t d o e s s e e m i m p o s s i b l e . "

    A r e r e a d i n g o f m u c h h i s t o r y w h i c h t h e a u t h o r s e e m e d

    t o r e m e m b e r i n s p i t e o f i t s c h a l l e n g e b y p r e s e n t d a y

    o r a c l e s , N e w D e a l m o d e l , h a s b e e n a d e q u a t e c o m p e n s a -

    v i

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    t i o n f o r t h e d a i l y n e c e s s i t y t o e n d u r e e a c h n e w a t r o c i t y o f

    the new bureaucracy .

    T h e c o n t i n u e d p o l i t i c a l s u c c e s s o f t h e N e w D e a l i s a

    d e p e n d a b l e h a r b i n g e r o f i n c r e a s i n g i l l s a n d a s s u r e s t h e

    N e w D e a l o b j e c t i v e , t h e c o n f i s c a t i o n o f p r i v a t e i n d u s t r y

    o n a l a r g e s c a l e . The New Deal has prepared this way

    w i t h s e n t i m e n t a l a t t e n t i o n t o d e t a i l , t h o u g h i t l e a d s u s

    f a r t h e r i n t o t h e j u n g l e . Those who would avoid the

    c o n f i s c a t i o n o f t h e i r l a n d s a n d c h a t t e l s a n d t h e f u r t h e r

    l o s s o f t h e i r l i b e r t i e s a n d w h o a r e s t i l l o p t i m i s t i c e n o u g h

    t o b e l i e v e t h e y m a y r e t a i n t h e m h a v e n o t t o e x c e e d o n e

    more chance to vote accordingl y, namely, November,

    1940 .

    S u c h p e r s o n s a r e a t a g r e a t d i s a d v a n t a g e . A p o l i t i c a l

    J u g g e r n a u t o f g i g a n t i c p r o p o r t i o n s a n d d i r e c t e d f r o m t h e

    White House is operating full time in every v oting

    p r e c i n c t i n A m e r i c a t o c o m p l e t e t h e d e s t r u c t i o n o f c o n -

    s t i t u t i o n a l g o v e r n m e n t a n d p i e r c e t h e j u n g l e t o i t s f i n a l

    o b j e c t i v e - a s o c i a l i z e d s t a t e a n d a d i c t a t o r s h i p . Hun-

    d r e d s o f t h o u s a n d s w i l l f o l l o w t h e j u g g e r n a u t i n t o t a l

    i g n o r a n c e o f i t s o b j e c t i v e b u t t h e i r a i d w i l l b e n o l e s s

    e f f e c t i v e b e c a u s e t h e y a r e s i n c e r e l y u n s u s p e c t i n g .

    T h e a u t h o r ' s p r e j u d i c e s a r e i n t u i t i v e a n d f o r t h e m n o

    apology is made . The reader may agree or disagree,

    e i t h e r o f w h i c h r e a c t i o n s i s b e s i d e t h e p o i n t t h a t N e w

    D e a l p h e n o m e n a p o s s e s s p e c u l i a r v a l u e s i n t h e f i e l d o f

    r e v e l a t i o n . T h e y d i s c l o s e w e a k n e s s e s i n o u r c i v i l i z a t i o n

    t h a t h e r e t o f o r e w e r e n o t g e n e r a l l y s u s p e c t e d . S u p e r -

    f i c i a l t h i n k i n g i s a p t t o r e s u l t i n a t t a c h i n g m a j o r i m -

    p o r t a n c e t o t h e b a n a l i t i e s o f t h e N e w D e a l w h e r e a s , i n

    t h e i r t r u e p e r s p e c t i v e , t h e y a r e m e r e s y m b o l s h a l l m a r k e d

    b y t h e t i m e e l e m e n t i n o u r p r o c e s s e s t o w a r d d e c a d e n c e .

    I n t h e l a t e t w e n t i e s , i t w a s a r g u e d t h a t t h e e s t a b l i s h e d

    r u l e s o f b a r t e r a n d s a l e h a d b e e n a b r o g a t e d b y n e w e l e -

    m e n t s o f i n d u s t r i a l e x p a n s i o n ; t h a t e n t e r p r i s e w a s f i r m l y

    e s t a b l i s h e d o n a n e w e c o n o m i c l e v e l ; t h a t t h e s a l e o f

    e q u i t i e s f o r f i f t y t i m e s t h e i r v a l u e o n a c u r r e n t e a r n i n g

    b a s i s w a s a j u s t i f i a b l e d i s c o u n t w h i c h s h r e w d i n v e s t o r s ,

    v i i

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    s u b t l e t i e s i n p r o p a g a n d a , a s f o r e x a m p l e r e c i t a l s o f a l l t h e

    a c h e s a n d p a i n s p l u s t h e u n i f o r m " d e m o c r a t i c " c o n d u c t o f

    o u r F i r s t F a m i l y . T h e l e c t u r e p l a t f o r m a l s o a d d s i t s b i t

    t o p r o m o t e t h e " c l a s s s t r u g g l e . "

    N o m a n d e s e r v e s t o b e c a l l e d a n A m e r i c a n w h o d e n i e s

    t h e c o n t i n u i n g o b l i g a t i o n o f t h e c o u n t r y t o f e e d t h e

    h u n g r y , c l o t h e t h e n a k e d a n d s h e l t e r t h e h o m e l e s s , p r o -

    v i d e d i t i s f i r s t e s t a b l i s h e d t h a t t h e y a r e A m e r i c a n s , s e c -

    o n d l y , t h a t n o w o r k i s t o b e h a d a n d l a s t l y , t h a t t h e

    o b l i g a t i o n c a n b e d i s c h a r g e d . Similarl y, no man de-

    s e r v e s t o b e c a l l e d a n A m e r i c a n w h o w a s t e s t h e r e s o u r c e s

    o f t h e c o u n t r y i n t h e r e l i e f o f o u r u n f o r t u n a t e s o r w h o

    i n j e c t s p o l i t i c s i n t o a n u n d e r t a k i n g s o c l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o

    human misery . F i n a l l y , t h e w i l l t o s e i z e u p o n t h e d i s t r e s s

    o f a c o u n t r y a s a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o i m p e r i l t h e f r e e d o m o f

    i t s c i t i z e n s a n d t o p r e v e n t t h e i r e c o n o m i c r e c o v e r y r e -

    q u i r e s t h e c r u e l t y a n d c u n n i n g o f a M e p h i s t o p h e l e s . Yet

    i f a n y o n e d o u b t s t h e s i n i s t e r d e s i g n s o f t h e N e w D e a l

    t h o s e d o u b t s a r e d i s s o l v e d b y a m e r e s u p e r f i c i a l e x a m i n a -

    tion of the "planned economy" and the "new social

    order" advocated by its sponsors . " B u s i n e s s , " s a i d

    f o r m e r A s s i s t a n t " C o m m i s s a r " o f A g r i c u l t u r e R . G . T u g -

    w e l l o n t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e N e w D e a l i n 1 9 3 2 , " w i l l

    l o g i c a l l y b e r e q u i r e d t o d i s a p p e a r . T h i s i s n o t a n o v e r -

    statement for the sake of emphasis ; i t i s l i t e r a l l y

    meant . " 1 0

    W h e n t h e f i v e - y e a r c a r e e r o f t h e N e w D e a l i s f u l l y

    c o n t e m p l a t e d , i n c l u d i n g t h e v a r i a n c e b e t w e e n p r o m i s e

    a n d p e r f o r m a n c e , t h e s u r p r i s e p r o j e c t s l e a d i n g t o a b -

    s o l u t i s m u n d e r t a k e n f r o m t h e W h i t e H o u s e , t h e s h i f t i n g

    p a n o r a m a o f a n a t i o n u n d e r t h e l a s h , t h e o b v i o u s d e c e p -

    t i o n s p r a c t i c e d o n a c o u n t r y t o o w e a k t o r e s i s t o r t o o

    p r o u d t o a c k n o w l e d g e i t s h u m i l i a t i o n , b o t h t h e m e a n s

    O f t h e s i x s p e a k e r s e n g a g e d t o a d d r e s s t h e I n d i a n a p o l i s J e w i s h C e n t e r

    C o m m u n i t y A s s o c i a t i o n d u r i n g t h e 1 9 8 8 - 3 9 s e a s o n , f i v e w e r e v e r y c e r t a i n t o

    s t r e s s t h e f a i l u r e o f C a p i t a l i s m t o u s h e r i n t h e m i l l e n n i u m a n d t h i s p r e -

    ponderance of Left Wing propag anda cannot be dismissed as accidental . It

    b e t r a y s t h e i d e a l s a n d p r o c e s s e s o f J e w i s h t h o u g h t .

    " A d d r e s s b e f o r e A m e r i c a n E c o n o m i c A s s o c i a t i o n , " T h e P r i n c i p l e o f L a i s s e z

    F a i r e , " p u b l i s h e d b y A s s o c i a t i o n , January, 1 933 .

    x

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    a n d t h e e n d s , t h e m e t h o d s a n d o b j e c t i v e s o f C o m m u n i s m ,

    a s t a u g h t b y K a r l M a r x , a r e c l e a r l y d i s c e r n i b l e .

    Ferrante, who was king of Naples in the fifteenth

    c e n t u r y , w a s " r e c o g n i z e d a s o n e o f t h e m o s t p o w e r f u l

    p o l i t i c a l m i n d s o f t h e d a y " 1 1 a n d " e x t r e m e m e a s u r e s b e -

    c a m e p a r t o f h i s d a i l y p o l i c y . "'

    B u r c k h a r d t i s s i l e n t

    w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e e x a c t n a t u r e o f h i s " e x t r e m e m e a s -

    u r e s " b u t t h e i n f e r e n c e i s w a r r a n t e d t h a t t h e y h a v e a

    modern parallel in Mr. R o o s e v e l t ' s " e x t r e m e m e a s u r e s "

    t o r e g i m e n t t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s S u p r e m e C o u r t , b u s i n e s s ,

    i n d u s t r y a n d t h e f a r m e r s o f A m e r i c a .

    D u r i n g F e r r a n t e ' s r e i g n , t h e g o v e r n m e n t a l o n e d e a l t

    i n o i l a n d w i n e a n d s h a r e d t h e p r o f i t s f r o m f o r e i g n c o m -

    merce with a single private merchant to produce the

    n e c e s s a r y r e v e n u e t o s u p p o r t t h e k i n g ' s d o m e s t i c s t r u g g l e s

    a n d h i s e x t e r n a l w a r s . S u c h p o l i c i e s w e r e n o t u n l i k e

    t h o s e o f t h e N e w D e a l w h e n i t p e n e t r a t e s p r i v a t e i n -

    d u s t r y t o e n g a g e i n t h e p r o d u c t i o n a n d s a l e o f e l e c t r i c i t y ,

    i n h o u s i n g , i n a g r i c u l t u r e , i n m a n u f a c t u r i n g a n d b a n k -

    i n g . D e v o i d o f a n a v y w h i c h h i s c a p r i c e f o r f r e q u e n t

    v a c a t i o n s c o u l d c o n v e r t i n t o a f i s h i n g f l e e t b y a s i m p l e

    o r d e r , K i n g F e r r a n t e p r a c t i c e d h u n t i n g " r e g a r d l e s s o f a l l

    r i g h t s o f p r o p e r t y , " s o B u r c k h a r d t s a y s . "

    King Ferrante's eldest son, Alfonso, the Duke of

    C a l a b r i a , e n j o y e d a " k i n d o f c o - r e g e n c y w i t h h i s f a t h e r "

    s i m i l a r t o t h a t e n j o y e d b y S o n J i m m i e i n t h e l a t e r y e a r s

    of the New Deal . The son avowed his contempt for

    r e l i g i o n a n d i t s u s a g e s , l i v e d i n t h e c l o s e s t i n t i m a c y w i t h

    Jews and was accompanied by one, Isaac Abranav el,

    w h e n h e f l e d t h e c o u n t r y . '

    H a d a f r e e c h o i c e b e e n a v a i l a b l e , t h e a u t h o r w o u l d

    h a v e p r e f e r r e d t o l i v e i n t i m e s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e o f F r a n k -

    lin Delano Roosevelt, John L . Lewis, pump priming

    a n d t h e c . I . o . W h i l e t h e a u t h o r h a s n o c o n f i d e n c e i n

    1 1 "The C i v i l i z a t i o n o f t h e R e n a i s s a n c e i n I t a l y " b y J a c o b B u r c k h a r d t ,

    e i g h t h e d i t i o n , ( T h e M a c m i l l a n C o m p a n y ) p . 3 6 .

    1 2I b i d .

    1 8 I b i d , p. 3 7 -

    1 4 I b i d .

    s i

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    h i s o w n a b i l i t y t o c h a n g e m e n o r e v e n t s , t h e r e h a s b e e n

    a n e f f o r t i n t h i s v o l u m e a t a r a t h e r b r o a d h i n t t h a t n o

    change will be effected by any or all of the world-

    i m p r o v e r s o r w i t c h d o c t o r s , e i t h e r i n t h e N e w D e a l o r

    R e p u b l i c a n p a r t y , w h o a r e n o w a t w o r k .

    T h i s s t u d y o f c u r r e n t h a p p e n i n g s i n t e r m s o f t h e u l t i -

    m a t e , i n t e r m s o f t h e r e a l o b j e c t i v e s o f t h e N e w D e a l w a s

    undertaken merely as a personal attempt at self-

    e x p r e s s i o n . I t i s n o t s u p e r i o r t o o r e v e n d i f f e r e n t f r o m

    w h a t m a n y o t h e r s h a v e w r i t t e n , s a v e p e r h a p s i n o n e r e -

    s p e c t o n l y , t h a t i t i s a v e n t u r e a t i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f p a s s i n g

    e v e n t s i n t e r m s o f o u r u l t i m a t e f a t e .

    I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d i a n a CARL H . MOTE

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    Contents

    CHAPTER PAGEPREFACEi i

    I "SOCIAL PROGRESS," NEW DEAL MODE L . . .

    1

    I I BACKGROUND OF THE NEW DEAL8I I I MORE BACKGROUND5IV LORD MACAULAY FORECASTS NEW DEAL . .

    4 6V LABOR RACKET IN HIGH GEAR4VI UNIVERSAL EDUCATION TO THE RESCUE .

    6 4

    VII CHAOS IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRYoVIII THE JEW AND THE NEW DEAL3IX KEEPING UP WITH THE JONESES, AND ROOSEVELTS . 1 2 5X NEW DEAL MORALS34XI MRS . ROOSEVELT ADDS THE FEMININE TOUCH . 1 4 9XII THE DICTATOR MARCHES ON

    5 9

    XIII NEW DEAL CORRIDOR BELOW T HE Rio GRANDE 1 6 3

    XIV PRESENT PHASES OF NEW DEAL . . . . 1 7 1

    XV FUTURE OF THE NEW DEAL86XVI CONSTRUCTIVE HINTS LOOKING TO LIQUIDATION . 2 0 2

    XVII FINAL LIQUIDATION OF NEW DEAL1 6EPILOGUE2 7APPENDICES .

    2 3 6

    INDEX4 9

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    CHAPTER I

    " S o c i a l P r o g r e ss , " N e w D e a l M o d e l

    F r a n k l i n I T a k e s t o A r t , P a i n t s a " B r o a d P i c t u r e "

    With Dark Background and Makes Numerous

    P r o m i s e s t o t h e " F o l k s " W h e r e u p o n

    O l d P h a e d r u s R a i s e s H i s

    H e a d a n d R e f l e c t s .

    " T h e f a c k c a n ' t b e n o l o n g e r d i s g i s e d t h a t a K r y s i s i s o n t o u s . " = A r t e m u s W a r d .

    SINCE THE Economic Royalists failed to co-operate

    f u r t h e r i n t h e c o n s u m m a t i o n o f M r . R o o s e v e l t ' s a m b i -

    t i o n s t o d r a w a n d q u a r t e r t h e m a n d t h r o w t h e i r c a r c a s s e s

    o v e r o n e o f t h e Tv A dams ; s i n c e t h e " r e c e s s i o n " b e c a m e

    a c u t e a n d i n d u s t r y c e a s e d t o p e r s e v e r e , M r . R o o s e v e l t ' s

    v o c a l o r g a n s , e x c e p t f o r o r a c u l a r d i v i n a t i o n s a t p r e s s c o n -

    f e r e n c e s , t h e o c c a s i o n a l f i r e s i d e c h a t s a n d t h e o u t p o u r i n g s

    o f h i s s u m m e r j u n k e t i n b e h a l f o f t h e p u r g e o f D e m o -

    c r a t i c p r i m a r i e s , h a v e n o t b e e n o v e r w o r k e d .

    T h e s e r m o n o n C h a p e l H i l l , D e c e m b e r 5 , 1 9 3 8 , a t t h e

    University of North Carolina b y our most famous

    " d e v o t e e o f s c r a m b l e d e g g s " f o r b r e a k f a s t r e p e a t s t h e

    p r o n o u n " I " t w e n t y t i m e s , " d e m o c r a t i c " a n d " d e m o c -

    r a c y " e i g h t t i m e s a n d " l i b e r a l " s e v e n t i m e s . The

    " g r e a t e r g l o r y o f G o d , " t o w h i c h a l l N e w D e a l u n d e r -

    t a k i n g s w e r e d e f i n i t e l y c o m m i t t e d i n t h e C h a p e l H i l l

    s e r m o n , i s r e m i n i s c e n t o f " O n w a r d C h r i s t i a n S o l d i e r s "

    w h e n R o o s e v e l t I w a s i n a d e a t h g r i p w i t h t h e " i n t e r e s t s "

    i n 1 9 1 2 . A s a m a t t e r o f f a c t , r e c o u r s e t o t h e w i s d o m o f

    O y s t e r B a y b y t h e " m a v e r i c k " b r a n c h o f t h e f a m i l y i s

    o c c u r r i n g m o r e f r e q u e n t l y p r o b a b l y t h a n t h e s u r v i v o r s

    o f t h e f o r m e r b r a n c h w e l c o m e .

    I

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    t r y a n d i t i s q u i t e c e r t a i n t h a t a m i l i t a n t m i n o r i t y i n t h i s

    c o u n t r y w a n t s n o t h i n g t o d o w i t h a d i c t a t o r s h i p , e v e n

    f o r a t e m p o r a r y p e r i o d . He a r g u e d t h a t a d i c t a t o r s h i pi s i m p o s s i b l e i n t h i s c o u n t r y b e c a u s e i t " t h r e a t e n s c i v i l i z a -

    t i o n . " S u c h r e a s o n i n g m i g h t a p p e a l t o a l e v e l o f i n t e l -

    l i g e n c e s l i g h t l y a b o v e t h a t o f m o r o n s . O t h e r w i s e , i t h a s

    n o v a l i d i t y . N e r o ' s r e i g n w a s n o n e t h e l e s s a f a c t i n s p i t e

    o f i t s t h r e a t t o c i v i l i z a t i o n . S i m i l a r l y , d i c t a t o r s h i p s i n

    R u s s i a , G e r m a n y , I t a l y a n d m a n y o t h e r c o u n t r i e s a r e n o

    l e s s f a c t s b e c a u s e t h e y t h r e a t e n c i v i l i z a t i o n . Those per-

    sons who sincerely believe the reigning bureaucracy

    t h r e a t e n s t o d e s t r o y o u r g o v e r n m e n t m a y h a v e b e l i e v e d

    i t i m p o s s i b l e t o f a s t e n s u c h a m u l t i t u d e o f g r a f t e r s t o t h e

    public payroll but Mr. Roosevelt has shown them how

    f a r w r o n g t h e y w e r e .

    It may be considered fortunate that Mr . R o o s e v e l t

    h a s n o t b e e n a b l e t o m a r k e t q u i t e a l l h i s o w n p a n a c e a s

    f o r " s o c i a l p r o g r e s s . " T h e r e a r e n o t a f e w t a x p a y e r s w h o

    b e l i e v e i n s o c i a l p r o g r e s s b u t w h o m a i n t a i n , s t r a n g e l y

    e n o u g h , t h a t t h e w i d e s p r e a d u s e o f p u b l i c f u n d s t o w i n

    e l e c t i o n s ; t h e w a n t o n w a s t e o f t h e t a x p a y e r s ' m o n e y i s

    b u i l d i n g p a l a c e s f o r n e g r o v o t e r s ; t h e a t t e m p t e d d e s t r u c -

    t i o n o f p r i v a t e i n d u s t r y f r o m t h e b u i l d i n g o f g i g a n t i c

    p o w e r p r o j e c t s a t p u b l i c e x p e n s e , w h i c h p r i v a t e c a p i t a l

    w a s t o o w i s e t o u n d e r t a k e ; t h e r e g i m e n t a t i o n o f l a r g e

    s e c t i o n s o f o u r p o p u l a t i o n a g a i n s t t h e i r w i l l a n d c o n t r a r y

    t o t h e i r w i s h e s , a r e n o t e x a c t l y l a n d m a r k s o f s o c i a l

    p r o g r e s s b u t t h e p r o j e c t s o f a d e m a g o g u e w h o h a s l o s t

    h i s r e a s o n .

    E v e r y i n v a s i o n o f t h e f i e l d o f e l e c t r i c p r o d u c t i o n a n d

    distribution by the New Deal has been dramatized byMr. Roosevelt as an undertaking to provide "cheappower . " T h i s s l o g a n h a s b e e n r e p e a t e d s o m a n y t i m e s i n

    t h e p a s t f i v e o r s i x y e a r s b y M r . R o o s e v e l t , b y " L i b e r a l s , "

    b y S o c i a l i s t s , b y C o m m u n i s t s , t h a t e n g i n e e r s a n d o t h e r

    e x p e r t s w h o f u l l y u n d e r s t a n d i t s a b s u r d i t y a n d a l w a y s

    h a v e , n o w i g n o r e i t s c o n t i n u e d u s e . T h e y q u i t e r e a l i z e

    t h e f u t i l i t y o f f a c t s w h e n f a c t s a r e b e i n g m a n a g e d b y

    3

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    a d r o i t p o l i t i c i a n s w h o a r e w a n t i n g i n i n t e l l e c t u a l h o n o r .

    T h e o r e t i c a l l y , t h e TVA i n v o l v e s f l o o d p r e v e n t i o n , n a v i -

    g a t i o n a n d e l e c t r i c p r o d u c t i o n a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n . P r a c t i -

    c a l l y , f l o o d p r e v e n t i o n a n d n a v i g a t i o n a r e i n c i d e n t a l a n d

    u n i m p o r t a n t , y e t , i n a p p o r t i o n i n g t h e F e d e r a l G o v e r n -

    m e n t ' s " i n v e s t m e n t " a m o n g t h e t h r e e p u r p o s e s , t h e N e w

    Deal bookk eepers will reduce the "investment" for

    e l e c t r i c p r o d u c t i o n a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n t o z e r o , i f n e c e s s a r y

    t o s h o w a p r o f i t f r o m t h e s a l e o f e l e c t r i c i t y a t t h e p r e v a i l -

    i n g r a t e s . The ousted Dr . M o r g a n a l r e a d y h a s p o i n t e d

    o u t t h i s j u g g l i n g o f t h e b o o k s .

    M o r e o v e r , t h e w h o l e c o u n t r y i s b e i n g r o b b e d t o b u i l d

    t h e s e g i g a n t i c p r o j e c t s o f s t r i c t l y l o c a l c o n c e r n . Mr.R o o s e v e l t , h o w e v e r , m a y b e l i e v e t h e p o l i t i c a l b e n e f i t s o f

    a g o o d s l o g a n t o h i m s e l f p e r s o n a l l y a r e w o r t h t h e c o s t ,

    p a r t i c u l a r l y s i n c e t h e c o s t i s p r o v i d e d o u t o f o t h e r

    people' s money . The Social ists and Communists get

    t h e i r c u e t o a p p l a u d t h e l r v A f r o m M a r x , E n g e l s , L e n i n ,

    S t a l i n , S t u a r t C h a s e , The Nation, The New Republic and

    The New Masses .

    T h e m o s t c e l e b r a t e d r a s c a l s o f a l l t i m e h a d a f l a i r f o r

    p o l i t i c s a n d r a v e d m o s t a b o u t d e m o c r a c y . Danton, Marat

    and Robespierre are notable examples . Not long ago

    H i t l e r r e a f f i r m e d h i s p a s s i o n f o r d e m o c r a c y . Y e t t h e t r u e

    f e e l i n g s a n d r e a l m o t i v e s o f t y r a n t s , a c t u a l o r p o t e n t i a l ,

    a r e r e a s o n a b l y a p p a r e n t a t a n y t i m e a n d c l e a r l y s o w h e n

    t h e y o v e r s t r e s s " t h o s e o f u s w h o s t i l l b e l i e v e i n d e m o c -

    r a c y , " a s M r . R o o s e v e l t s o f r e q u e n t l y d o e s a n d a s h e d i d

    i n h i s 1 9 3 7s p e e c h o n t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n .

    T h e P r e s i d e n t v e r y p l a i n l y w a s v e x e d w i t h l a w y e r s ,

    t h a t i s , w i t h a l l l a w y e r s s a v e h i m s e l f. Perhaps Mr . R o o s e -

    v e l t d o e s n ' t c o n s i d e r h i m s e l f m u c h o f a l a w y e r . Coul d

    i t b e p o s s i b l e t h a t l a w y e r s , t r a i n e d t o t h i n k q u i c k l y a n d

    r a t h e r a c c u r a t e l y , d i s c o v e r o f f - h a n d i n M r . R o o s e v e l t ' s

    f i r e s i d e a n d o t h e r c h a t s c e r t a i n o u t s t a n d i n g f a l l a c i e s

    which are not apparent to George W . B a b b i t , t h e wPA,

    J i m ' F a r l e y a n d m a n y o f t h e W a s h i n g t o n c o r r e s p o n d e n t s ?

    The President's phrasemaker was on the job in the

    4

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    S e p t e m b e r s p e e c h . H i s i n v e n t i o n w a s t h e " o d d m a n " o n

    the Supreme Court . If Mr . R o o s e v e l t w a s p e e v i s h b e -

    c a u s e h e h a d n o " o d d m a n " o n t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t , t h a t

    i s , o n e h e c o u l d c a l l h i s v e r y o w n , t h i s c a u s e f o r h i s b a d

    t e m p e r w a s r e m o v e d i n h i s o d d a p p o i n t m e n t o f t h e v e r y

    odd Mr . B l a c k , o f A l a b a m a . In fact, Mr . B l a c k , a s a

    m e m b e r o f t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t , i s s o u n u s u a l l y o d d t h a t

    c e r t a i n a r t i s t s d e p i c t e d h i m o n t h e S u p r e m e B e n c h w e a r -

    i n g a n i g h t s h i r t a n d a w h i t e h o o d .

    T h e " c r i s i s i n A m e r i c a n a f f a i r s w h i c h d e m a n d s a c t i o n

    n o w " a l s o h a s a f a m i l i a r r i n g . The conspirators who

    l a i d s e i g e t o t h e B a s t i l l e , w h o o r g a n i z e d t h e m a r c h o n

    V e r s a i l l e s , w h o p l a n n e d t h e i n v a s i o n o f t h e T u i l l e r i e s a n d

    l a t e r b e s e i g e d i t , w h o o r g a n i z e d t h e w h o l e s a l e m a s s a c r e s

    o f S e p t e m b e r , 1 7 9 2 , a n d c o n d u c t e d t h e F r e n c h R e i g n o f

    T e r r o r i n t h e f i r s t d e c a d e f o l l o w i n g t h e a d o p t i o n o f t h e

    A m e r i c a n C o n s t i t u t i o n , i n e a c h i n s t a n c e , a l s o a c t e d b e -

    c a u s e o f a " c r i s i s " i n t h e a f f a i r s o f F r a n c e , o r s o t h e y

    b l a t a n t l y d e c l a r e d . H i t l e r h a s o v e r w h e l m e d h i m s e l f w i t h

    " c r i s e s . "

    W h a t w a s t h e " c r i s i s i n A m e r i c a n a f f a i r s w h i c h d e -

    m a n d s a c t i o n n o w " ? M a n y r e s p e c t a b l e c i t i z e n s w h o a r e

    n o t o n t h e p u b l i c p a y r o l l a n d w h o s t i l l s u p p o r t t h e i r

    f a m i l i e s , i n s p i t e o f g o v e r n m e n t i n t e r f e r e n c e w i t h t h e i r

    b u s i n e s s a n d t a x a t i o n t h a t a m o u n t s t o e x t o r t i o n , b e l i e v e

    t h e r e i s a c o n t i n u i n g " c r i s i s " o f m i s g o v e r n m e n t a n d t h a t

    t h e p e r s o n m o s t r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e p r e s e n t s a t u r n a l i a

    o f m i s g o v e r n m e n t i s F r a n k l i n D e l a n o R o o s e v e l t .Mr. R o o s e v e l t i s u n d e r t h e s u s p i c i o n o f c h e r i s h i n gm o t i v e s a n d p u r p o s e s t h a t e x t e n d f a r b e y o n d t h e e v i l

    h e h a s a l r e a d y w r o u g h t . O u r " i n t e r n a l d i f f i c u l t i e s " a r e

    a d m i t t e d a n d f a i r l y w e l l u n d e r s t o o d b u t w h a t a b o u t " e x -

    t e r n a l d i f f i c u l t i e s " t o w h i c h h e a l l u d e d ? W e r e c o n d i -

    t i o n s s o d e s p e r a t e i n t e r n a l l y that Mr . R o o s e v e l t i s l e a d i n g

    u s i n t o e x t e r n a l c o m p l i c a t i o n s i n o r d e r t o c o v e r u p o u r

    i n t e r n a l p a t h o l o g y ? Is he so dogg edly determined to

    t a k e a p l a c e b e s i d e H i t l e r , S t a l i n a n d M u s s o l i n i t h a t h e

    w i l l s t o p a t n o t h i n g w h a t e v e r ? I n o t h e r w o r d s , i s M r .

    5

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    R o o s e v e l t c a r e f u l l y p r e p a r i n g t h e g r o u n d t o p l u n g e t h e

    c o u n t r y i n t o w a r l a t e r o n ? A r e w e t o b e s o l d o u t u t t e r l y ?

    W h a t " a c t i o n n o w " does Mr . R o o s e v e l t p r o p o s e ? C o n -

    gress has g iven him and so has an unpack ed Supreme

    C o u r t s u b s t a n t i a l l y e v e r y t h i n g h e h a s a s k e d : Money in

    h e r e t o f o r e u n h e a r d s u m s a n d l a w s , l a w s , l a w s a n d m o r e

    l a w s . T h e n a t i o n ' s g i z z a r d w a s a l r e a d y t u r n e d u p s i d e

    d o w n a n d i n s i d e o u t f r o m c o n v u l s i o n s o f t h e N e w D e a l .

    N o o n e w h o h a s c l o s e l y o b s e r v e d t h e M a c h i a v e l l i a n -

    C h i e f o f t h e N e w D e a l f o r t h e p a s t f i v e y e a r s a n d w h o h a s

    b e c o m e a c q u a i n t e d w i t h h i s m o r a l s t a n d a r d s c a n d o u b t

    h i s p u r p o s e t o p r o v o k e a f o r e i g n w a r i f t h a t i s b e l i e v e d

    n e c e s s a r y t o m a i n t a i n h i m s e l f i n p o w e r . I t i s s i g n i f i c a n t

    that avowed Communists no longer denounce war as

    t h e s t r a t e g y o f C a p i t a l i s m . Their opposition to war

    h a s s o f t e n e d n o t i c e a b l y . T h e r e i s o n e s o l i t a r y r e a s o n

    why the New Deal will end without a foreign war,

    n a m e l y , t h a t t h e C o u n t r y w i l l s t u b b o r n l y r e f u s e t o b e -

    c o m e e m b r o i l e d i n f o r e i g n e n t a n g l e m e n t s .

    I n h i s s p e e c h o f S e p t e m b e r 1 7 , 1 9 3 7 , h e c a l l e d h i s

    f u t u r e p r o g r a m a " b r o a d p i c t u r e ." Thereupon he spoke

    o f p e r s p e c t i v e , i n t h e t h o u g h t , a p p a r e n t l y , t h a t o n l y a

    " b r o a d p i c t u r e " h a s p e r s p e c t i v e . Except that he may

    h a v e m e a n t a " b r o a d p i c t u r e " i s o n e o f g e n e r a l i t i e s a n d

    l a c k s d e t a i l , h i s m e a n i n g w a s n o t c l e a r . Even so, one

    w o u l d s c a r c e l y e x p e c t t o f i n d p e r s p e c t i v e i n a " b r o a d

    p i c t u r e . " I t a p p e a r s t h a t t h e W h i t e H o u s e a r t i s t s w e r e

    a l i t t l e c a r e l e s s w i t h t h e i r b r u s h e s o n c e r t a i n p a r a g r a ph s

    o f t h e P r e s i d e n t ' s s p e e c h .

    No doubt Mr . Roosevel t thought to reassure the

    E c o n o m i c R o y a l i s t s w i t h t h e p r o m i s e t h a t i n t h e f u t u r e

    w h a t e v e r m a y o c c u r t o h i m o r w h a t e v e r m a y b e s u g g e s t e d

    t o h i m b y t h e m e r c e n a r y c r a c k p o t s o f t h e N e w D e a l , a s

    e n t i t l e d t o a t r i a l a t t h e t a x p a y e r s ' e x p e n s e , w i l l b e

    solemnly consummated " u n d e r t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n . " * I n

    S e p t e m b e r ,1 9 3 7 , h i s " r e o r g a n i z a t i o n " p r o p o s a l s w e r e

    not generally known . H i s d e t e r m i n a t i o n t o s e i z e c o m -

    * O u r i t a l i c s .

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    p l e t e d i c t a t o r i a l p o w e r , n o l o n g e r d o u b t f u l , t h e n h a d t o

    b e i n f e r r e d .

    Bearing in mind fruits of the New Deal that have

    r i p e n e d s i n c e M a r c h 4 , 1 9 3 3 , e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e n o u r i s h e d

    i n s p e n d i n g t o s a v e a n d f r o m p r i m i n g t h e p u m p , i t i s a

    l i t t l e s i c k e n i n g t o E c o n o m i c R o y a l i s t s t o c o n t e m p l a t eMr. R o o s e v e l t ' s o p e r a t i n g o u t s i d e t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n .E c o n o m i c R o y a l i s t s h a v e l o n g b e e n a l l e r g i c t o a l l k n o w n

    f r u i t s o f t h e N e w D e a l , under t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n .

    S h o r t l y a f t e r t h e t w e n t y - f i r s t o f S e p t e m b e r , 1 7 9 2 ,

    M e s s r s . D a n t o n , M a r a t a n d R o b e s p i e r r e h a v i n g o r g a n i z e d

    a c o n v e n t i o n t o s u p e r s e d e t h e l e g i s l a t i v e a s s e m b l y , u n d e r

    a c o n s t i t u t i o n a c c e p t e d b y L o u i s X V I o n e y e a r p r e v i o u s l y ,

    p r o c l a i m e d a R e p u b l i c i n p l a i n v i o l a t i o n o f , b u t u n d e r

    t h e e x i s t i n g c o n s t i t u t i o n . J u s t a l i t t l e l a t e r i n a t h r e e -

    d a y o r g y , t h e y i n a u g u r a t e d t h e R e i g n o f T e r r o r w i t h a

    w h o l e s a l e m a s s a c r e o f p r i e s t s , n o b l e s a n d o r d i n a r y c i t i -

    z e n s p e r s o n a l l y c o n d u c t e d b y t h e i r o w n h i r e d a s s a s s i n s .

    S t i l l l a t e r , t h e y b e h e a d e d t h e i r k i n g a n d q u e e n a s a n

    i n c i d e n t a l d i v e r s i o n , b u t u n d e r t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n .

    N o r d i d t h e y f i n d i t n e c e s s a r y i n t h e i r o w n p e c u l i a r

    p r o g r a m o f s o c i a l p r o g r e s s t o r e v o k e o r e v e n a m e n d t h e

    c o n s t i t u t i o n , e x c e p t a s a b e l a t e d g e s t u r e . I n f a c t , t h e

    t e r r o r p r o c e e d e d w i t h u n a b a t e d f u r y u n d e r a c o n s t i t u t i o n

    u n t i l M a r a t w a s m u r d e r e d , a n d D a n t o n a n d R o b e s p i e r r e

    l o s t t h e i r o w n h e a d s . Somehow, the assurances of the

    same gentleman who ran for office in 1932 and whose

    s o l e m n p l e d g e s m a d e i n t h a t c a m p a i g n a r e s t i l l r e m e m -

    b e r e d , o f a n i n t e n t t o a c t u n d e r t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n , d o n o t

    h a v e q u i t e t h e s a m e w e i g h t t h e y h a d t h e n . A promise

    by Mr . R o o s e v e l t t o t r y a n y a n d a l l n e w e x p e r i m e n t s

    u n d e r t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n l a c k s s o m e t h i n g .

    P h a e d r u s p u t t h e c a s e s u c c i n c t l y : "Whoever has even

    o n c e b e c o m e n o t o r i o u s b y b a s e f r a u d , e v e n i f h e s p e a k s

    t h e t r u t h , g a i n s n o b e l i e f . "

    Undoubtedly, many American citizens would like to

    b e l i e v e t h a t M r . R o o s e v e l t l o s t t h e c o u r t f i g h t ; t h a t t h e

    a p p o i n t m e n t o f H u g o B l a c k , KKK, was unimportant ; t h a t

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    Mr. R o o s e v e l t m u s t o p e r a t e u n d e r t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n a s i te x i s t e d o n J a n u a r y 1 , 1 9 3 7 ; t h a t C h a r l e s E v a n s H u g h e s

    i s a w o r t h y s u c c e s s o r o f J o h n M a r s h a l l .

    I n s p i t e o f a n a t u r a l i n c l i n a t i o n t o o p t i m i s m , t h e r e i s

    a g r o w i n g s u s p i c i o n i n a n e x p a n d i n g c i r c l e t h a t s u c h b e -

    l i e f s a n d s u c h h o p e s a r e u n f o u n d e d a n d t h a t t h e S u p r e m e

    C o u r t o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s h a s s u r r e n d e r e d i t s i n d e p e n d -

    ence and has become the rubb er stamp which Mr .

    R o o s e v e l t i n t e n d e d .

    A t a n y p r e v i o u s t i m e i n t h e h i s t o r y o f t h e C o u n t r y , t h e

    N a t i o n a l L a b o r R e l a t i o n s B o a r d w o u l d h a v e b e e n i n c o n -

    c e i v a b l e a n d i t s h i g h - h a n d e d p r o c e e d i n g s s i n c e i t b e g a n

    t o f u n c t i o n w o u l d h a v e e n d e d i n i t s p r o m p t a b o l i t i o n

    b y C o n g r e s s a n d t h e i n c a r c e r a t i o n o f i t s m e m b e r s h i p i n

    a m a d h o u s e b e c a u s e o n l y s u c h r e l i e f w o u l d b e e q u a l t o

    t h e t y r a n n y t h e b o a r d h a s p r a c t i c e d . Meantime, Con-

    g r e s s s l u m b e r s a n d t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t a f f i r m s t h e b o a r d ' s

    d e c i s i o n s .

    T h e d e c a d e n c e o f t h e c o u n t r y i s f u l l y r e v e a l e d i n t h e

    c o m p l e t e w a n t o f a n y p o p u l a r r e s p o n s e t o t h e v o l u m e s

    a l r e a d y p r i n t e d i n t h e n e w s p a p e r s a n d m a g a z i n e s w i t h

    r e s p e c t t o t h e b o a r d ' s i n s o l e n t d e s p o t i s m . The ghastl y

    d e t a i l s o f t h e t y r a n n y , m o r e o v e r , h a v e n o t b e e n o m i t t e d .

    U n t i l t h e 1 9 3 8 e l e c t i o n s , t h e c o u n t r y s e e m e d t o b e d u e

    f o r a t o r r e n t o f " s o c i a l p r o g r e s s , " N e w D e a l m o d e l , a n d

    u n d e r t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n , as interpreted by the United

    S t a t e s S u p r e m e C o u r t , r e j u v e n a t e d a n d r e s t o r e d t o a c t i v e

    c o n s c i o u s n e s s b y M r . R o o s e v e l t a n d h i s " o d d m a n . "

    A s a m a t t e r o f t e c h n i q u e , p e r h a p s M r . R o o s e v e l t c a l -

    c u l a t e d o n o c c u p y i n g a l l t h e t i m e o f t h e E c o n o m i c R o y a l -

    i s t s w i t h t h e i r i m m e d i a t e p r o b l e m s s o t h a t t h e y s h a l l h a v e

    n o t i m e t o r e a d a n d r e f l e c t . I n d i c t m e n t s f o r r e s t r a i n t o f

    t r a d e , c i t a t i o n s b y NLRB, t e d i o u s t r i a l s , t h e c o n f i s c a t i o n o f

    t h e i r p l a n t s b y e x t o r t i o n a t e t a x a t i o n a n d s i t - d o w n s t r i k e s ,

    a n a v a l a n c h e o f n e w l a w s , o r d e r s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s t o u c h -

    ing every phase of their business, worry because of

    d i m i n i s h i n g p r o f i t s o r i n c r e a s i n g d e f i c i t s l e a v e t h e m n o

    8

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    t i m e t o c o n s i d e r h o w f a r t h e N e w D e a l h a s d r a g g e d t h e m

    t o w a r d s C a e s a r i s m .

    Men who are being assailed front and rear and on

    e a c h f l a n k a r e n o t l i k e l y t o h a v e t h e t i m e t o r e a d , m u c h

    l e s s c o n s i d e r , t h e c h e e r f u l p h i l o s o p h y o f " s o c i a l p r o g r e s s "

    c o n c e i v e d b y M a r x , E n g e l s a n d L e n i n a n d i n t e n d e d f o r

    the entertainment and amusement of Economic Royal -

    i s t s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d .Mr. R o o s e v e l t , h o w e v e r , h a s n e a r a t h a n d a m o n g h i si d o l a t o r s i n h i s n e w l y c r e a t e d b u r e a u c r a c y a n d t h e p e d a -

    gog ues with whom he maintains intimate contact the

    s o u r c e s o f c o m p l e t e f o r m u l a e a n d f i n a l p a t t e r n s f o r e v e r y

    s t e p i n t h e s o c i a l r e v o l u t i o n a s M a r x , E n g e l s a n d L e n i n

    h a v e p r e s c r i b e d t h e m . Possibly Lenin would consider

    s o m e o f t h e p r o f e s s o r s8

    " v u l g a r e c o n o m i s t s " o r ' " o p -

    p o r t u n i s t s " o r6

    " j i n g o S o c i a l i s t s " o r K a u t s k y i t e s b u t

    Lenin now speaks o n l y t h r o u g h h i s s c a n t w r i t i n g s w h i c h

    Economic Royal ists don't read and which New Dealers

    m a y i n t e r p r e t a s t h e y p l e a s e .

    I t m i g h t b e h e l p f u l t o t h e E c o n o m i c R o y a l i s t s , f i r s t , t o

    f a m i l i a r i z e t h e m s e l v e s w i t h t h e M a r x - E n g e l s - L e n i n p r o -

    g r a m a n d , s e c o n d , t o a p p r o p r i a t e a m o d e s t s u m f r o m t h e

    t r e a s u r i e s o f w h a t L e n i n c a l l s " m o n o p o l i s t i c c a p i t a l i s m "

    for the enlightenment of their natural allies-farm

    o w n e r s , m e r c h a n t s , h o m e o w n e r s , s a l e s m e n a n d a l l f a c t o r s

    i n t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c o m m o d i t i e s - w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e

    s e e d s o f C a e s a r i s m , e r r o n e o u s l y c a l l e d C o m m u n i s m , i n

    the New Deal .

    Lenin wrote "Imperialism" in 1 916 and "The State

    a n d R e v o l u t i o n " i n 1 9 1 7 . A f t e r r e a d i n g t h e f i r s t , w h i c h

    t e r m h e d e f i n e s a s ' " c a p i t a l i s m i n t r a n s i t i o n " o r " d y i n g

    c a p i t a l i s m , " i t i s e a s y t o u n d e r s t a n d w h y a l l l a r g e e n t e r -

    p r i s e s a r e u n d e r s u s p i c i o n b y N e w D e a l e r s a n d w h y M r .

    $ " I m p e r i a l i s m a n d T h e S t a t e a n d R e v o l u t i o n " b y N i k o l a i L e n i n (Vanguard

    P r e s s ) p . X 9 7 .

    * I b i d . , p . s t o 7 .

    5 I b i d . , p . 9 8 .

    e I b i d . , p i o 6 .

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    R o o s e v e l t o r g a n i z e d a n a s s a u l t o n w h a t h e c a l l s " m o n o p -

    o l y . " According to Lenin every large enterprise is

    n e c e s s a r i l y m o n o p o l i s t i c . "The birth of monopolies,"

    h e s a i d , ' " a s a r e s u l t o f t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f p r o d u c t i o n ,

    i s a g e n e r a l a n d f u n d a m e n t a l l a w o f c o n t e m p o r a r y c a p i t a l -

    i s t d e v e l o p m e n t . " Hence the Roosevelt message on

    " m o n o p o l y " a n d t h e c r e a t i o n o f a n i n v e s t i g a t i n g c o m m i s -

    s i o n b y a s e r v i l e C o n g r e s s i n t h e c l o s i n g w e e k s o f i t s l a s t

    session show complete familiarity b y the New Deal

    oligarchy with Lenin's program . This commission is

    e x p e c t e d t o u n m a s k a n e w c h a m b e r o f h o r r o r s o u t o f t h e

    b u s i n e s s w o r l d ( w h i c h w i l l b e u s e f u l i n p o l i t i c a l c a m -

    p a i g n s ) a n d t o l a y t h e f o u n d a t i o n f o r e x p r o p r i a t i o n s a n d

    c o n f i s c a t i o n s . T h e N a t i o n l a b e l e d t h i s i n v e s t i g a t i o n ' a

    " p r e l u d e t o e c o n o m i c p l a n n i n g " w h i c h i s L e n i n ' s t h i r d

    step towards Communism . The railroads now appear

    t o h a v e t o p r a n k i n t h e l i s t o f e n t e r p r i s e s t o b e s e i z e d b y

    the Washington government . ' *T "Imperialism and The State and Revolution" by Nik olai Lenin (Van-

    guard Press) p . 9 .

    8 The Nation, July 1 6 ,1 9 3 8 -

    0 See Appendix I .

    s A n e x - p e d a g o g u e , a f o r m e r l a w p r o f e s s o r a t Y a l e , t h e p r e s e n t h e a d m a n

    in Mr . R o o s e v e l t ' s p u r s u i t o f " m o n o p o l i e s , " T h u r m a n A r n o l d , i n t h e s a n c t u m

    o f h i s l i b r a r y , h a s i n v e n t e d a n i n g e n i o u s s y l l o g i s t i c c o n t r a pt i o n t o c o n f o u n d

    the Economic Royalists and to inspire all Marxian " workers . " I t s o u t l i n e s

    h a r d l y c o u l d h a v e b e e n p o s s i b l e e x c e p t f r o m t h e i n s p i r a t i o n o f M a r x , L e n i n ,

    S t a l i n a n d n o t l e s s t h a n a q u a r t o f p r e - w a r l i q u o r .

    T h e s y l l o g i s t i c c o n t r a p t i o n , (New York Times Magazine, August 21, 1928)

    s t r i p p e d o f u n n e c e s s a r y v e r b i a g e , m a y b e s t a t e d t h u s :

    i . B e c a u s e E c o n o m i c R o y a l i s t s a r e " m o n o p o l i s t s " a n d s t u p i d , t h e y l a y o f f

    e m p l o y e e s w h e n t h e y a r e u n a b l e t o s e l l t h e i r p r o d u c t .

    u. The New Deal puts said employ ees on relief or to work for the WPA( o n c o n d i t i o n , h o w e v e r , t h a t t h e y f u r n i s h a p o w e r o f a t t o r n e y g o o d u n t i l t h e

    n e x t e l e c t i o n ) , w o r k b e i n g u s e d i n t h e f i g u r a t i v e s e n s e .

    u1 . THEREFORE, and thereby the g overnment subsidizes the Economic

    R o y a l i s t s , i . e . , t h e " m o n o p o l i s t s , " w h o f a i l t o p a y e m p l o y e e s t o p r o d u c e m e r -

    c h a n d i s e t h e y c a n ' t s e l l , a n d t h e " p u b l i c " ( e x c l u d i n g t h e E c o n o m i c R o y a l i s t s ,

    o r " m o n o p o l i s t s " ) a r e t a x e d t o p r o v i d e t h e s u b s i d y .

    I t i s n o s u r p r i s e t h a t t h e a u t h o r o f t h i s s y l l o g i s t i c c o n t r a p t i o n h a s a

    grievance against the accumulation of "a surplus to protect the security

    o w n e r " a n d i s w o r r i e d a b o u t t h e l o w p r i c e p a i d f o r w a s t e p a p e r a n d t h e l o w

    v a l u e p u t o n w h a t h e c a l l s " t h e t e c h n i q u e o f t h i s i n d u s t r y " b y a m i n o r E c o -

    n o m i c R o y a l i s t w h o b u y s t h e p r o d u c t f o r r e s a l e .

    I t i s p e r h a p s s a f e t o a s s u m e t h a t t h o s e w h o o b j e c t t o " a s u r p l u s t o p r o t e c t

    t h e s e c u r i t y o w n e r " n e v e r o w n e d m a n y s e c u r i t i e s . I t i s a l s o s a f e t o a s s u m e

    t h a t t h o s e o n t h e N e w D e a l o r " C o m m u n i s t " f r o n t w h o d e n o u n c e " m o n o p o l i e s "

    1 0

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    I n a discussion of banking , Lenin observes that1 0

    " C a p i t a l i s m , t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f w h i c h b e g a n w i t h p e t t y

    u s u r y , e n d s i n t h e g i g a n t i c u s u r y o f h i g h f i n a n c e . "

    Since March 4, 1933, the "g igantic usury of high

    f i n a n c e " i n A m e r i c a h a s b e e n d i s p l a c e d a l m o s t a l t o g e t h e r

    b y a n e w v a r i e t y o f " h i g h f i n a n c e " w h i c h o r i g i n a t e s i n

    a n d i s c o n d u c t e d b y t h e T r e a s u r y o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s .

    M a d a m e d e S t a e l , i n h e r " M e m o i r s , " r e l a t e s t h a t w h i l e

    s h e w a s a n e x i l e i n A u s t r i a " a m a n w a s h a n g e d f o r f o r g i n g

    n o t e s a t t h e v e r y m o m e n t w h e n t h e g o v e r n m e n t h a d r e -

    d u c e d t h e v a l u e o f t h e o l d o n e s ; h e c a l l e d o u t , o n h i s

    w a y t o e x e c u t i o n , t h a t i t w a s n o t h e w h o h a d r o b b e d , b u t

    t h e s t a t e . "

    L e n i n e m p h a s i z e d t h e i n v e s t m e n t o f c a p i t a l i n f o r e i g n

    c o u n t r i e s , t h e g r o w t h o f t h e e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t i n d u s t r y ,

    t h e c o l o n i a l p o s s e s s i o n s o f t h e w o r l d p o w e r s a n d c o n -

    c l u d e s t h a t 1 1 " t h e t e n d e n c y * t o s t a g n a t i o n a n d c o r r u p t i o n

    w h i c h i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f m o n o p o l y c o n t i n u e s t o m a k e i t -

    s e l f f e l t . " I n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , h e s a y s , 1 2 "the economic

    d e v e l o p m e n t o f l a t e y e a r s h a s b e e n f a r q u i c k e r t h a n i n

    Germany, and just t h a n k s t o t h i s h a s b r o u g h t i n t o h i g h

    r e l i e f t h e p a r a s i t i c c h a r a c t e r o f m o d e r n A m e r i c a n c a p i t a l -

    i s m . "

    I n 1 9 1 6 , L e n i n h a d n o a p p a r e n t r e a s o n t o h o p e t h a t

    i n l e s s t h a n t w e n t y - f i v e y e a r s , w e r e h e a l i v e , h e w o u l d

    w i t n e s s a r e l e n t l e s s a s s a u l t o n " m o d e r n A m e r i c a n c a p i t a l -

    ism" or "monopoly " b y his American disciples whom

    Macaulay anticipated by eighty years and whom he

    i d e n t i f i e d a s " H u n s a n d V a n d a l s " p r o d u c e d b y o u r " o w n

    i n s t i t u t i o n s . "

    W h a t i s t h e c u r e - a l l f o r " I m p e r i a l i s m , " f o r " d y i n g

    c a p i t a l i s m " ? L e n i n q u o t e s S a i n t - S i m o n :"

    a r e h a n k e r i n g f o r s o m e b e t t e r j o b t h a n a p r o f e s s o r s h i p i n l a w a t Y a l e a n d w i l l

    c o n t i n u e t h e b a r r a g e u n t i l t h e y g e t i t , i n w h i c h e v e n t t h e w a s t e p a p e r i n -

    d u s t r y i s c e r t a i n t o b e n e g l e c t e d .

    1 0 "Imperialism and The State and Revolution" by Nikolai Lenin (Van-

    guard Press) p . 4 0 .

    1 1 I b i d . , p . 8 $ .

    1 2 Ibid . , p . i o 5 .

    1 8 I b i d . , p . 1 o 7 .

    O u r i t a l i c s.

    1 1

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    "Production will be directed not by chiefs of business

    independent of each other and ignorant of man'seconomic needs but by a special institution . The central

    committee of control,* being ab le to consider the large

    field of social economy from a more elev ated * point of

    view, will regulate it in such a way that it will be useful

    to the whole of society, will be abl e to put the means of

    production into suitable hands,* and above al l wil l

    occupy itself more particularly with maintaining constant

    harmony * b etween production and consumption . "

    The names giv en to Lenin's "pl anned economy" in

    Americ a und er th e New Deal wer e NRA, TVA, FHA, HOLC,

    e t c . , e t c . After Lenin, in Russia, it was the five-year plan .

    Under CArdenas in Mexico, it is the six- year pl an . Ourown central committee of control * now consists of the

    firm of Cohen, Roosev elt and Corcoran with Son Jimmie

    as a rov ing mem ber . The New Deal judges, by virtue of

    the power they will exercise in bankruptcy and receiver-

    ship cases, should be ab le to divert the " means of pro-

    duction" in considerable measure to "suitable hands"

    while the "central committee of control" looks on from a"more elev ated point of view," and the country awaits

    the "constant harmony b etween production and con-

    sumption . "

    It was in Lenin's second b ook that he reall y l et him-

    s e l f g o . Walter Windell of Markl evil le, Madison County,

    Indiana, who owns and farms a quarter sectio n of land

    can get a very good idea of what is just around the corner,

    what Lenin calls 1 4 the "overthrow of the capitalist class"and what Mr. Roosevelt cal ls "social prog ress" in theLenin housing progr am . Lenin quotes Engels as saying is

    that the proletarian state will "hardly allot houses with-

    out pay" at any rate "during the period of transition . " *

    The New Deal is housing negroes in great numb ers at

    a O u r i t a l i c s.

    1 4 " I m p e r i a l i s m a n d T h e S t a t e a n d R e v o l u t i o n " b y N i k o l a i L e n i n ( V a n -

    g u a r d P r e s s ) p . x 2 2 .

    Is Md. , _ p . i 8 8 .

    1 2

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    h a l f p a y a l r e a d y . The next step in the program i s "

    " a t r a n s i t i o n * t o a s t a t e o f a f f a i r s w h e n i t w i l l b e p o s s i b l e

    t o l e t h o u s e s w i t h o u t r e n t ." The third step is 1 7 "by

    t h e e x p r o p r i a t i o n o f t h e i r p r e s e n t p o s s e s s o r s a n d b y

    s e t t l i n g i n t h e m t h e h o m e l e s s w o r k e r s w h o a r e n o w l i v i n g

    i n o v e r c r o w d e d h o u s e s . " C e r t a i n l y , t h e t h i r d s t e p w o u l d

    d i s p o s s e s s a n d o u s t M r . W i n d e l l , s i n c e h e o w n s a m o s t

    a t t r a c t i v e h o u s e . The late Mr . L e n i n , o t h e r w i s e k n o w n

    as Vladimir Ilyitch Ulianow, thereupon quotes Mr .

    E n g e l s a s s a y i n g t h a t t h e t h i r d s t e p " " a s s o o n a s t h e

    w o r k e r s w i n p o l i t i c a l p o w e r . . . w i l l b e a s e a s i l y c a r r i e d

    out as a l l o t h e r e x p r o p r i a t i o n s a n d c o m m a n d e r -

    i n g s . . . . "

    A f a i r l y a c c u r a t e n o t i o n o f t h e s e q u e n c e o f e v e n t s a s

    prescribed by Lenin may be got from phrases he uses

    which are selected from the volume and arranged in

    o r d e r l y s e q u e n c e .

    i . " M o n o p o l i s t i c c a p i t a l i s m " :1 s

    T h i s i s w h a t w e h a v e

    now according to Mr . R o o s e v e l t , M r . Arnold, and Mr .

    Lenin .

    2 . " C o m i n g C r a s h o f c a p i t a l i s m " :2 0

    T h i s i s c o n t e m -

    p o r a n e o u s w i t h t h e p e r i o d2 1

    " w h e n S o c i a l i s m h a s s h o r t -

    e n e d t h e w o r k i n g d a y , r a i s e d t h e m a s s e s t o a n e w l i f e . "

    T h e w a g e s a n d h o u r s b i l l w a s i n t e n d e d t o b e h e l p f u l i n

    r a i s i n g t h e m a s s e s t o a m o r e a b u n d a n t l i f e , w h i c h p h r a s e

    i s m o r e p i c t u r e s q u e t h a n L e n i n ' s .

    3 . " O v e r t h r o w o f t h e c a p i t a l is t c l a s s " :s

    T h i s i s t h e

    " f i r s t p h a s e o f C o m m u n i s m " d u r i n g w h i c h L e n i n t h i n k s '

    " i t w i l l b e i m p o s s i b l e t o s e i z e a s p r i v a t e p r o p e r t y t h e

    m e a n s o f p r o d u c t i o n , t h e f a c t o r i e s , m a c h i n e s , l a n d . . . "

    A p p a r e n t l y , h e o v e r l o o k e d t h e p o s s i b l e a i d o f N e w D e a l

    1 9 " I m p e r i a l i s m a n d T h e S t a t e a n d R e v o l u t i o n " b y N i k o l a i L e n i n

    g u a r d P r e s s ) p . 1 6 5 .

    17 I b i d . , p . 1 6 4 .

    1 3I b i d . , p . 1 6 4 .

    1 9 I b i d . , p . 1 7 3 .

    s o I b i d . , p . 1 8 9 .

    2 1 I b i d . , p . 221 .

    2 2 l b i d . , p . x x a .

    29Z b i d . , p . 1 9 7 .

    1 3

    ( V a n -

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    j u d g e s a n d t h e c h e e r f u l r e s u l t s t o b e h a d f r o m s i t - d o w n

    s t r i k e s .

    4 . " R e v o l u t i o n a r y d i c t a t o r s h i p " :"

    T h i s i s t h e p r e s e n t

    s t a t u s o f R u s s i a a n d a p p r o x i m a t e l y t h e s t a t u s o f G e r m a n y

    a n d I t a l y , r e g a r d l e s s o f l a b e l s . S p e n g l e r a p p e a r s t o d o u b t

    w h e t h e r t h e p r e s e n t W e s t e r n C u l t u r e w i l l g o b e y o n d t h i s

    s t e p w h i c h i s d e f i n e d p o l i t i c a l l y a s " C a e s a r i s m , " a n d t h e

    e n d o f o u r c u l t u r e .

    5 . " D i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t " :"

    T h i s i s a c c o m -

    p l i s h e d b y " r e v o l u t i o n " w h i c h L e n i n d e f i n e s a s a n'

    " a c t

    i n w h i c h p a r t o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n f o r c e s i t s w i l l o n t h e

    o t h e r p a r t b y m e a n s o f r i f l e s , b a y o n e t s , c a n n o n . . . "

    T h i s i s t h e " d i r e c t a c t i o n " w h i c h G a s s e t d e f i n e s a s t h e '

    "Magna Charta of barbarism . " U n d o u b t e d l y , t h e a f o r e -

    said Mr . Windell and Elmer Hardy, who owns a hard-

    w a r e s t o r e i n M a r k l e v i l l e , I n d i a n a , a n d E l z a C l e m , w h o

    l i v e s n e a r W i n d f a l l , I n d i a n a , a n d w h o o w n s a f a r m n e a r

    A n d e r s o n , I n d i a n a , w i l l e n j o y l i t t l e p e a c e o f m i n d d u r i n g

    t h e g u n p l a y o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t . T h e r e a r e o t h e r s t e p s .

    6 . "Destruction of bourg eois parliamentarism" :s a

    M e s s r s . W i n d e l l , H a r d y a n d C l e m m a y g e t a n i d e a o f t h i s

    s t e p i n " s o c i a l p r o g r e s s " f r o m L e n i n ' s o b s e r v a t i o n t h a t

    " w h e n o n c e t h e p r o l e t a r i a t h a s w o n p o l i t i c a l p o w e r i t

    m u s t u t t e r l y b r e a k u p t h e o l d m a c h i n e r y o f t h e s t a t e , a n d

    s u b s t i t u t e f o r i t a n e w m a c h i n e r y o f o r g a n i z e d , a r m e d

    w o r k e r s , a f t e r t h e t y p e o f t h e c o m m u n e ." In another

    p l a c e h e s a y s : S0 " W h i l e t h e s t a t e e x i s t s t h e r e c a n b e n o

    freedom . W h e n t h e r e i s f r e e d o m t h e r e w i l l b e n o s t a t e . "

    7 . " R e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f s o c i e t y " : 8 ' L e n i n h a d f u l l a n d

    c o m p l e t e f a i t h t h a t h u m a n n a t u r e c o u l d b e c h a n g e d , a s

    24 " I m p e r i a l i s m a n d T h e S t a t e a n d R e v o l u t i o n " b y N i k o l a i L e n i n ( V a n -

    g u a r d P r e s s ) p . 1 6 6 .

    x I b i d . , p . x x x .

    a e I b i d . , p . 1 6 8 .

    2 7 O r t e g a y G a s s e t , " T h e R e v o l t o f t h e M a s s e s " ( W . W . N o r t o n & C o . , I n c . )

    p . 8 x .

    28 " I m p e r i a l is m a n d T h e S t a t e a n d R e v ol u t i o n" b y N i k o l a i L e n i n ( V a n -g u a r d P r e s s ) p . a s .

    2 0 I b i d , p . 2 0 .

    I b i d , p . ' 9 g.+ i l b i d , p . x x 3 .

    1 4

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    e l s e w h e r e shown, b y i n c r e a s i n g t h e ' " r i g h t s " o f i n -

    d i v i d u a l s a n d c l a s s e s ( t h e w o r k e r s ) t o m a k e up f o r t h e i r

    d e f i c i e n c i e s i n m e n t a l a n d p h y s i c a l f i t n e s s .

    T h a t e v e r y p r i o r e x p e r i m e n t i n C o m m u n i s m h a s f a i l e d ,

    in America, in Mexico among the Indians, on thes h o r e s o f t h e D e a d S e a a m o n g t h e E s s e n e s , i n R u s s i a w h e r e

    t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f S t a l i n i s r e l e n t l e s s a n d m e r c i l e s s , h a s

    n o b e a r i n g o n t h e f a i t h o f u p l i f t e r s , w o r l d i m p r o v e r s ,

    New Dealers, who continue s . : e a d f a s t i n t h e b e l i e f t h a t

    t h e w a y t o t h e " n e w l i f e " o f L e n i n o r t h e " m o r e a b u n -

    d a n t l i f e " o f R o o s e v e l t c a n b e c h a r t e d w i t h m a t h e m a t i c a l

    p r e c i s i o n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e i r p r e c o n c e i v e d f o r m u l a e

    a n d p a t t e r n s .

    Andre Maurois quotes Andre Gide 8 8 a s s a y i n g : "The

    m a s s e s a r e u n h a p p i e r t o d a y i n t h e U . S . S . R . t h a n t h e y

    h a v e e v e r b e e n b e f o r e , u n h a p p i e r a n d l e s s f r e e t h a n i n

    a n y o t h e r c o u n t r y , " w h i c h a s a w a r n i n g t o A m e r i c a , i s

    e n t i t l e d t o s e r i o u s c o n t e m p l a t i o n .

    I n t h e c e n t u r y - o l d b a r r a g e o n c a p i t a l i s m , n o b o d y s e e m s

    t o h a v e t h o u g h t o u t S o c i a l i s m , n o o n e s a v e S p e n g l e r , w h o

    d o e s n o t d i s p u t e t h e t r e n d b u t w h o a c c u r a t e l y i d e n t i f i e s

    S o c i a l i s m a s " e n d " p h e n o m e n a i n o u r c u l t u r e . Where-

    f o r e , N o r m a n A n g e l l , i n h i s b r o c h u r e o n " S o c i a l i s m a n d

    C o m m u n i s m " m i s s e s t h e p o i n t e n t i r e l y i n h i s c h a p t e r ,

    " S o c i a l i s m o r C a t a s t r o p h e ." A proper title would b e

    " S o c i a l i s m and C a t a s t r o p h e . " T h e l a t t e r i s t h e i n e v i t a b l e

    c o n s e q u e n c e o f t h e f o r m e r , a p r o p o s i t i o n t h a t S o c i a l i s t s

    i g n o r e a n d m o s t n o n - S o c i a l i s t s h a v e n o t d i s c o v e r e d .

    N o o n e d e n i e s t h a t C a p i t a l i s m h a s f a i l e d t o p r o v i d e

    p a l a c e s f o r t h e o n e - t h i r d o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n w h i c h v o t e s

    s o l i d l y f o r R o o s e v e l t b u t a n y o n e w h o e x p e c t s S o c i a l i s m

    t o p r o v i d e t h e m i s a f o o l . S o c i a l i s m w i l l s o o n c o n v e r t

    t h e p a l a c e s o f t h o s e w h o n o w o c c u p y t h e m t o r u i n s a n d

    R o o s e v e l t ' s " o n e - t h i r d " w i l l h a v e m u c h l e s s t h a n t h e y

    now have . A s s u r e d l y , t h e y w i l l n o t l i v e v e r y l o n g i n t h e

    8 s " I m p e r i a l i s m a n d T h e S t a t e a n d R e v o l u t i o n " b y N i k o l a i L e n i n ( V a n -

    g u a r d P r e s s ) p . 1 9 6 .

    8 3 " T h e T r a g i c D e c l i n e o f t h e H u m a n I d e a l , " N e w Y o r k Times Magazine,

    J u n e 1 9 , 1 9 3 8 .

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    palaces Lenin promised and Roosevelt has buil t and

    e v e r y o t h e r m a n w i l l b e l u c k y t o l i v e a t a l l . S o c i a l i s m w i l l

    f a i l , s o m e w h a t f o r t h e s a m e r e a s o n t h a t C a p i t a l i s m i s

    c o n s i d e r e d a f a i l u r e , b e c a u s e o f h u m a n s e l f i s h n e s s , g r e e d ,

    i g n o r a n c e , i n c o m p e t e n c e a n d b i o l o g i c a l u n f i t n e s s t o s u r -

    v i v e u n d e r a n y s y s t e m . T h e r e i s t h i s d i f f e r e n c e . The

    f a i l u r e o f S o c i a l i s m w i l l n o t b e a d e b a t a b l e i s s u e , i n t h e

    s e n s e t h a t i t s f a i l u r e w i l l b e d o u b t f u l .

    Norman Angell' s brochure, written in 1 9 3 1 , q u o t e s

    "an economist of authority-Mr . R . G. Tugwell," who

    i s n o o t h e r t h a n t h e C a r d i n a l W o o l s e y o f t h e N e w D e a l ,

    i n b e h a l f o f a p p l y i n g " t h e c o n t r o l s o f s o c i e t y . . . a t t h e

    p l a c e s a n d a t t h e t i m e s w h i c h a r e s t r a t e g i c " w h i c h , a s

    A n g e l l s a y s , i s " a n o t h e r n a m e f o r S o c i a l i s m ." Lenin's

    " c e n t r a l c o m m i t t e e o f c o n t r o l " a n d T u g w e l l ' s " c o n t r o l s

    o f s o c i e t y " a r e i d e n t i c a l .

    While John Strachey, the noted English Communist,

    w a s b e i n g h e l d a t E l l i s I s l a n d i n O c t o b e r , 1 9 3 8 , p e n d i n g

    a n a p p e a l f r o m t h e c a n c e l l a t i o n o f h i s v i s a , B l a s R o c a ,

    w h o s e r e a l n a m e i s F r a n c i s c o C a l d e r i o a n d w h o i s s e c r e t a r y

    o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C u b a , s l i p p e d i n t o t h e c o u n -

    t r y . Calderio gav e out an interview 8 4 when safely

    through the port at New York in which he said thatMr. R o o s e v e l t i s " r e g a r d e d i n C u b a a s a s y m b o l o f w o r l dd e m o c r a c y a n d t h e d e m o c r a t i c a s p i r a t i o n s o f t h e C u b a n

    p e o p l e . " T h e " w o r l d d e m o c r a c y " t o w h i c h h e r e f e r r e d ,

    of course, was that advocated by Karl Marx and the

    B o l s h e v i k s o f R u s s i a , p a r t i c u l a r l y L e n i n a n d T r o t s k y .

    U n d o u b t e d l y , C a l d e r i o h a s b e e n i n c l o s e t o u c h w i t h

    e v e n t s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d u n q u e s t i o n a b l y h e d i d

    n o t f a i l t o r e a d M r . R o o s e v e l t ' s l e t t e r o f S e p t e m b e r 2 ,

    1 9 3 8 , t o t h e p u b l i s h e r o f t h e Brooklyn Eagle 8 i n w h i c hMr. R o o s e v e l t , u s i n g t h e v o c a b u l a r y o f t h e C o m m u n i s t s ,r e f e r r e d t o t h e c u r r e n t p o l i t i c a l e c o n o m y i n A m e r i c a a s

    " t h e p r e s e n t t r a n s i t i o n ." This term is used widely by

    .8 4 New York Times, October 2 1 , 1938 .

    E5 Ibid . , September 7,1 9 3 8 -

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    C o m m u n i s t s t o d e s i g n a t e t h e i n t e r v a l b e t w e e n C a p i t a l i s m

    and Communi sm .

    T h e c o m m o n u s a g e b y C o m m u n i s t s o f f i c t i t i o u s n a m e s

    has been disclosed repeatedly b y the Dies Committee .

    M e m b e r s h i p i n t h e p a r t y i s h e l d u n d e r f i c t i t i o u s n a m e s

    in order that the membership may be denied when it

    b e c o m e s e m b a r r a s s i n g t o a d m i t i t .

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    CHAPTER II

    Background of the New Deal

    R o b e s p i e r r e a n d C o m p a n y P r o v i d e d U s e f u l P a t -

    t e r n s f o r N e w D e a l R e f o r m e r s i n F r e n c h R e v o l u -

    t i o n D u r i n g W h i c h A t t e m p t t o C h a n g e

    H u m a n N a t u r e A n t i c i p a t e d

    S t u a r t C h a s e .

    " C a e s a r i s m g r o w s o n t h e s o i l o f D e m o c r a c y , b u t i t s r o o t s t h r e a d d e e p l y i n t o

    t h e u n d e r g r o u n d o f b l o o d t r a d i t i o n . " - S p e n g l e r . '

    CONTEMPORARY WESTERN Culture, that is, the

    p o l i t i c a l p h a s e , i s c o m p a r a b l e r o u g h l y w i t h t h e C l a s s i c a l

    c u l t u r e a n d p o l i t i c s w h i c h b e g a n i n A t h e n s a n d c u l -

    m i n a t e d i n t h e R o m e o f C a e s a r a n d C i c e r o . I n i t s l a s t

    p h a s e s , r h e t o r i c , s o b - e f f e c t s , s h a m e l e s s f l a t t e r y , f a n t a s t i c

    l i e s , g a m e s , p r e s e n t s , t h r e a t s , b l o w s , a n d m o n e y w e r e t h e

    p e r s u a s i v e f a c t o r s . T h e c o u n t r y h a s b e e n i n t r o d u c e d t o

    a l l o f t h e s e f a c t o r s b y M r . R o o s e v e l t , o r m e m b e r s o f h i s

    f a m i l y , o r h i s T r i b u n e s i n t h e S e n a t e a n d H o u s e . When

    C a e s a r c r o s s e d t h e R u b i c o n , h e r e n t h i s g a r m e n t s f o r

    t h e e n t e r t a i n m e n t o f h i s s o l d i e r s . P o s s i b l y , M r . R o o s e v e l t

    p u r p o s e l y h a s w i t h h e l d t h i s b i t o f d r a m a f o r C o n g r e s s

    w h e n , a s h e a n t i c i p a t e s , a n o t h e r X b i l l i o n d o l l a r s w i l l b e

    n e e d e d f o r t h e I 9 4 o e l e c t i o n . N o m a t t e r w h a t w e c a l l

    o u r p r e v a i l i n g p o l i t i c a l s y s t e m , t h e s u b s t a n c e o f a D e -

    m o c r a c y i s n o n e x is t e n t . O n l y t he f o r m s s u r v i v e , a s t h e y

    a l s o d i d i n R o m e i n t h e l a s t d a y s w h e n t h e s u b s t a n c e o f

    D e m o c r a c y h a d d i s a p p e a r e d .

    1 " T h e D e c l i n e o f t h e W e s t " b y O s w a l d S p e n g l e r ( A l f r e d A . K n o p f & C o . ,

    I n c . ) V o l . I I , p . 4 6 4 .

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    B y C a e s a r ' s t i m e , r e p u t a b l e p e o p l e h e l d o f f f r o m a n y

    p a r t i n e l e c t i o n s a n d t h e E m p e r o r T i b e r i u s c o m p l a i n e d

    b e c a u s e t h e m o s t c a p a b l e m e n o f h i s t i m e a v o i d e d p o l i -

    t i c s .

    I n h i s s t u d y o f " T e p o z t l a n , a M e x i c a n V i l l a g e , " R o b e r t

    R e d f i e l d s a y s 2 t h a t a t p u b l i c m e e t i n g s i n t h e v i l l a g e l o s

    c o r r e c t o s ( t h e c o r r e c t o n e s o r m o r e i n f l u e n t i a l c i t i z e n s )

    o c c u p y a s e p a r a t e h a l f o f t h e p l a t f o r m f r o m l o s t o n t o s

    ( t h e i g n o r a n t ) b e c a u s e t h e y " r e g a r d p o l i t i c s w i t h s o m e -

    t h i n g a k i n t o d i s d a i n . "

    A b l e m e n , m e n b o t h c o m p e t e n t a n d h o n e s t , r a r e l y w i l l

    have anything to do with the means by which a party

    n o m i n a t i o n a n d e l e c t i o n m a y b e h a d t o d a y a n d e v e n w h e n

    t h e y a r e w i l l i n g t o m a k e t h i s s a c r i f i c e , t h e y k n o w h o w

    p o w e r l e s s t h e y w i l l b e a m o n g a l l t h e s c o u n d r e l s w i t h

    w h o m , n e c e s s a r i l y , t h e y w i l l b e a s s o c i a t e d .

    Of the last days of the Holy Roman Empire, it was

    s a i d t h a t i t w a s n e i t h e r h o l y , n o r R o m a n , n o r a n e m p i r e .

    Of our American Democracy, it may b e said now that

    i t i s n e i t h e r A m e r i c a n n o r a D e m o c r a c y . I t i s n o t A m e r -

    i c a n w h e n o u r l a r g e s t c i t y e l e c t s a n d r e - e l e c t s a m a y o r

    by name, LaGuardia, whose blood tradition is wholly

    f o r e i g n . It is not American when al ien Communists

    c a n p r e e m p t p o s i t i o n s o f p o w e r i n o u r l a b o r m o v e m e n t ,

    a s H a r r y B r i d g e s a n d h i s c o n f e d e r a t e s h a v e d o n e i n t h e

    c . i . o . I t i s n o t A m e r i c a n w h e n n e g r o e s h o l d t h e b a l a n c e

    o f p o w e r i n p o l i t i c s , a s t h e y d o i n I n d i a n a p o l i s a n d C h i -

    c a g o , o r w i e l d t h e p o l i t i c a l p o w e r c e n t e r e d i n H a r l e m .

    It is not American when foreign born immigrants and

    t h e i r c h i l d r e n , w h o c a n s c a r c e l y s p e a k o u r l a n g u a g e ,

    d i c t a t e t h e p e r s o n n e l o f o u r p e t t y o f f i c i a l d o m , a s t h e y d o

    i n m a n y c i t i e s o f m a n y s t a t e s o f t h e U n i o n . E v e n f o o t -

    b a l l , a g a m e w i t h A m e r i c a n o r i g i n s , h a s c e a s e d t o b e

    A m e r i c a n s i n c e i t s c o m m e r c i a l i z a t i o n . T h e n a m e s o f t h e

    s t a r s o f t h e p a s t s e a s o n , i n l a r g e n u m b e r , a r e u n p r o n o u n c e -

    a b l e t o E n g l i s h s p e a k i n g p e o p l e . Everett Dean Martin

    "Tepoztlan, a Mexican Village" by Robert Redfield (University of Chicago

    P r e s s ) .

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    o b s e r v e s a s a s i g n i f i c a n t f a c t i n A m e r i c a n h i s t o r y t h a tB

    " m o s t o f t h e p r e s e n t l i b e r a l s a r e o f t h e n e w e r i m m i g r a -

    t i o n , w h o b r i n g t o t h i s n a t i o n a r e c e n t E u r o p e a n h e r i t -

    a g e . "

    I n a s i n g l e i s s u e o f t h e New York Times' t h e f o l l o w -

    i n g n a m e s m a d e t h e c r i m e n e w s o f o n e d a y : Frank ( The

    Bull) Giordano, Peter Cherichell a, Theodore Orzo,

    Nelson Hellstrom, A . J . K a t t e n b o r n , C h a r l e s H . Howe,

    I s i d o r e M a r k o w i t z , M a r t i n ( B u g g s y ) G o l d s t e i n , S e y m o u r

    Magoon, Benjami n Fogel and Dominick Klucznac k .

    Joseph Rao, Jack Greenblatt, Will iam Greenstein and

    B e n K e m i n s w e r e n a m e s i d e n t i f i e d w i t h a s t o r y o f d e a t h

    t h r e a t s a n d s a b o t a g e c h a r g e d a g a i n s t m e m b e r s o f a n e l e c -

    t r i c a l w o r k e r s ' u n i o n . Albert Stonkus, director of a

    c . i . o . u n i o n , m a d e t h e n e w s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e s e i z u r e

    of Michigan power plants by c . i . o . e m p l o y e e s . Aaron

    S h a p i r o m a d e t h e n e w s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h h i s d i s b a r -

    m e n t f r o m t h e l a w p r a c t i c e f o r " c o r r u p t m i s c o n d u c t . "

    I n f i v e i s s u e s o f t h e New York Times, s e l e c t e d a t r a n -

    d o m , ' t h e f o l l o w i n g n a m e s m a d e t h e c r i m e n e w s o f t h o s e

    d a y s : J o h n W e l s h , E m i l S i r o k y , M a r i e B r o d e r i c k , J a m e s

    Wright, John Mahoney, Martin (Buggsy) Goldstein,

    Seymour Magoon, Isidore Markowitz, Irving Glasser,

    Louis Glasser, Edward Grove, Samuel Zigg , Samuel

    J e n k s , S a m u e l W e i n s t e i n , J a m e s A b i s r o r , M o r r i s F r i e d -

    l a n d e r , S a m u e l H e r s o n , L o u i s Y u k e l s o n , W i l l i a m S w i r -

    now, Samuel Swirnow, Meyer Berson, Adolph Unger,

    J o s e p h K r e i s b e r g , R i c h a r d W h i t n e y , M o r r i s G . M a n k e r ,

    Harry Scherl, Joseph Harvey O'Loughl in, Dominick

    G u a r i g l i a , A r t h u r F r i e d m a n , P h i l i p C h a l e f f , I s i d o r e Z i m -

    merman , Harry W . Kouwenhov en, Simon Elmore, Vin-

    c e n t F o r t e , A r t h u r P e r r y , F r e d J . H u l l , L a w r e n c e M a r k s ,

    Michael J . Mooney, James Murphy, Charles (Lucky

    Luciano) Lucania, Francis Degnan, Chester Carson,

    J o h n K u l k a , J a m e s S t e w a r t , A . J . P o w e r s , J o h n B i r d s a l l ,

    Harold Bowker, Andrew Howe, Santiag o Gutierrez ,s " L i b e r t y " b y E v e r e t t D e a n M a r t i n ( W . W . N o r t o n & C o . , I n c . ) p . 2 .

    * T h e N e w Y o r k T i m e s , A p r i l 2 , 1 9 3 8 .

    6 T h e N e w Y o r k T i m e s , A p r i l 9 , 11, 12, 13, 14 a n d 1 5 , 1 9 3 8 .

    20

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    Thomas Jasosky, Edward J . Penn, Werner Fred Luck,

    Ten Broeck M . Terhune, Richard Delaney, Andrew

    Luntz, John J . Sullivan and Jacob ( Gurrah Jake)

    S h a p i r o .

    Whitney's crimes shocked the country . Manker, a

    s e n i o r a t H a r v a r d , w a s c o n v i c t e d o f m a n s l a u g h t e r a n d

    drunken driving . Powers, gradu ate manager of the

    P r i n c e t o n c l u b , w a s i n d i c t e d f o r t h e f t . Kouwenhov en,

    a l a w y e r , w a s a l r e a d y i n S i n g S i n g f o r t h e f t . T h e n a t i o n a l

    o r r a c i a l o r i g i n s o f t h e o t h e r s a r e o b v i o u s i n m o r e t h a n

    h a l f t h e c a s e s . P a i n s t a k i n g s t u d y a n d r e s e a r c h i n c o n -

    n e c t i o n w i t h t h e s e n a m e s m i g h t d i s c l o s e s o m e u n e x p e c t e d

    e x p l a n a t i o n s o f o u r p o l i t i c a l t r o u b l e s .

    Ours is not a Democracy when the system of g ov-

    e r n m e n t u n d e r w h i c h w e l i v e i s s u c h t h a t t h e f i r s t i m p u l s e

    o f t h e a b l e , t h e c o m p e t e n t a n d t h e h o n e s t i s t o a v o i d

    p o l i t i ca l o f f i c e s a s t