the new eu directives requirements and the innovation in … · 2010-02-10 · 1 the new eu...

1

The new EU Directives The new EU Directives requirements and the innovation requirements and the innovation

in pesticide application in pesticide application tecniques.tecniques.

P. Balsari, P. MaruccoDEIAFA University of Torino (ITALY)

[email protected]

The evolution of the spraying equipment for arboreal crops

1860 1900 1920 1940

1950 1960 1980 1990

2000

2010

2

The evolution of the spraying equipment over the last century

1860 - 1980MAIN OBJECTIVEMAIN OBJECTIVE

APPLY NEW CHEMICAL

IMPROVE SPRAYER FIELD CAPACITY

PRODUCTS

VOLUMES APPLIED AND TIME REQUIRED IN VITICULTURE


YEAR VOLUME APPLIED TIME REQUIRED(l/ha) (h manpower/ha)

1860 1500 14

1920 1100 4

1950 800 2,5

1960* 100 0,2

* with helicopter

3


1980 - 2010MAIN OBJECTIVEMAIN OBJECTIVE

IMPROVE SPRAYER PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF

EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATIONREDUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGEOPERATOR SAFETY

PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF

Evaporation Evaporation (4(4--6%)6%)

Drift losses Drift losses (10(10--15%)15%)SPRAY MASS SPRAY MASS

BALANCEBALANCE

THE PRESENT SITUATION IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES (EU)

Spray Spray deposit on deposit on the target the target (20(20--55%)55%)

BALANCE BALANCE DURING DURING

APPLICATION APPLICATION IN VINEYARDS IN VINEYARDS IN ITALY AND IN ITALY AND

Ground lossesGround losses(30(30--60%)60%)

SPAINSPAIN(Balsari et al., Pergher (Balsari et al., Pergher

et al., Gil et al.)et al., Gil et al.)

4

WORLD PESTICIDES CONSUMPTION

Estimated amount of pesticides

Europe 28%South America 18%

Year 2004

pesticides yearly sold in

the world: >2.5 m tons

North America 25%

∼ 50% lost??

Asia 25%

Middle East / Africa 4%

America 25%

Source: Crop Life International

WATER CONTAMINATION DUE TO PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS USED

POINT DIFFUSE SOURCES SOURCES

5

WATER CONTAMINATION DUE TO POINT SOURCES

TransportStorage

Filling

PPP waste disposalCleaning

Residual mixture = 260 l/year

Internal washing and hydraulic circuit washing water = 660 l/year

Water for external washing = 670 l/year

EXAMPLE OF PPP POINT SOURCE POLLUTION (VITICULTURAL FARM)

Water for external washing = 670 l/year

TOTAL WASTE TO DISPOSE ~ 1600 l/year

PPP concentration = 0.1%,

1 5 k / f PPP di1.5 kg/year of PPP dispose of in less than 10 m2

6

PPP WATER CONTAMINATION DUE TO DIFFUSE SOURCES

SURFACE WATER

DriftDrift

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY SPRAY DRIFT?

SPRAY DRIFT:“Quantity of plant protection product that is carried out of the sprayed (treated) area

by the action of air currentsduring the application process”

(ISO 22866)

Drift

7

25.98

100

rra

to) Primi stadi vegetativi

Piena vegetazione

SPRAY DRIFT VALUES ASSESSED IN ORCHARD)

Early growth stageLate growth stage

12.04

5.052.88

25.9814.41

0.971

10

riva

del p

rodo

tto a

tede

l vol

ume

dist

ribui

t Piena vegetazione

ay d

rift (

% o

f app

lied) Late growth stage

0.3

0.110.11 10 100

Distanza dall'area trattata (m)

Der (%

(Source: Ganzelmeier et al. 2000)

Distance from the treated area (m)

Spr

Buffer zone

THE CONCEPT

HOW TO PREVENT SPRAY DRIFT CONTAMINATION

NOT TREATED ZONE

Sprayed crop Sensitive area (or water course)

8


SENSITIVE AREA BUFFER SENSITIVE AREA ZONE


EXAMPLE OF DEFINITION OF BUFFER ZONES WIDTHS IN ORCHARDS ACCORDING TO SPRAYER TYPE AND

PPP APPLIED DOSE (LERAP, UK)

9

THE PRESENT EU LEGISLATIVE OUTLINE CONCERNING PESTICIDES

EU Framework Directive on Wastes

EC/12/2006

utilizzo

? ? ? ?

PPP registration and introduction

on the marketUse of PPP

PPP residues

PPP wastes

EU Directive 91/414

and successive revisions

New EU Directive on the Sustainable Use of

Pesticides (text approved by EU Council in September 2009)

EU Regulation 396/2005

Water Framework Directive EC/60/2006

THE NEW EU DIRECTIVES RELATED TO PESTICIDE USE

NEW FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE ON THE

AMENDMENT OF EU MACHINERY

SUSTAINABLE USE OF PESTICIDES

DIRECTIVE 2006/42/EC

10

THE FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE ON THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF PESTICIDES(COM 2006, 372 – FINAL TEXT APPROVED BY EU

COUNCIL ON 24 SEPTEMBER 2009)

PROMOTE STRATEGIES TO REDUCE AND TO

OPTIMISE THE USE OF PPP

LIMIT THE IMPROPER USE

OF PPP

MAXIMISE TREATMENT

EFFICACY AND LIMIT

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION

RISK

PROMOTE INTEGRATED PEST

MANAGEMENT

TRAIN PPP END USERS

RISK

IMPROVE SPRAYING

EQUIPMENT

THE FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE ON THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF PESTICIDES

MAIN ASPECTS RELATED TO SPRAYERS

MANDATORY PERIODICAL INSPECTION OF SPRAYERS IN USE

BY 2016 ALL SPRAYERS EMPLOYED IN EUBY 2016 ALL SPRAYERS EMPLOYED IN EU FOR PROFESSIONAL USE SHALL BE INSPECTED AT LEAST ONCE (OVER 2

MILLION SPRAYERS TO BE INSPECTED)

2016-2021: REGULAR INSPECTIONS EVERY 5 YEARS

11

MANDATORY PERIODICAL INSPECTION OF SPRAYERS IN USE – MAIN COMPONENTS TO BE INSPECTED

Pressure gauge

Boom cross flow distribution

Pressure regulator

Nozzles flow rate


MAIN ASPECTS RELATED TO SPRAYERSFARMERS TRAINING CONCERNING CORRECT

SPRAYER USE AND ADJUSTMENT

12


MAIN ASPECTS RELATED TO SPRAYERSBAN OF AERIAL SPRAY APPLICATION (EXCEPTIONS

CAN BE AUTHORISED IN PARTICULAR CASES)


MAIN ASPECTS RELATED TO SPRAYERSMITIGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK LINKED TO PPP

SPRAY APPLICATION

ADOPTION OF DEVICES ABLE TO REDUCE SPRAY

DRIFT

ESTABLISHING OF ADEQUATE BUFFER

ZONES

Sprayed crop

NOT TREATED ZONE

Sensitive area (or water course)

Sprayed crop

NOT TREATED ZONE

Sensitive area (or water course)

13


MAIN ASPECTS RELATED TO SPRAYERSESTABLISHING PROPER MANAGEMENT OF

PPP EMPTY CONTAINERS

AND OF PPP RESIDUAL AT THE END OF APPLICATION AND OF THE WATER USED FOR

SPRAYER CLEANING

Photo Jens Tonnesen - DAAS

PPP REMAINING AT THE END OF SPRAY APPLICATION

Spray mixture remaining in the tank is composed by two fractions

Consequence of improper sprayer adjustment

B

q p p p y j

AAmount not sucked by the pump

14

PPP REMAINING AT THE END OF SPRAY APPLICATION

Fraction A in new ENTAM certifiedFraction A in new ENTAM certified sprayers may vary from an average value of 6 litres for air-assisted sprayers up to an

average value of 12 litres for field crop sprayers, but in not certified sprayers or in

the obsolete ones this spray mixture remaining value may reach some dozens

litres.

MANAGEMENT OF WATER USED FOR SPRAYER CLEANING

INTERNAL CLEANING EXTERNAL CLEANING

Average water volume used: 60 litres

Average spray deposit on the external sprayer surfaces:

0.5÷2% of applied

15

AMENDMENT OF THE EU MACHINERY DIRECTIVE


IT MUST BE UNDERLINED THAT, FOR THE FIRST

TIME, TO APPLY THE CE MARK ON CROP

PROTECTON MACHINERY, THE

MANUFACTURER HAS TO FULFIL

REQUIREMENTS NOT ONLY RELATED TO

OPERATOR SAFETY BUT ALSO THOSE

RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

16


a) Sprayers and their components shall be reliable and so designed that they can be used properly in accordance with their intended use, without harming the environment unnecessarily. They shall be designed so that they can be safely operated, supervised and switched off immediately from the operator's positionswitched off immediately from the operator s position.


b) Easy and safe filling and complete emptying of the sprayer tank shall be possible. This includes that filling levels and limits shall be determined easily. Unintentional dispersal of liquid shall be avoided.

17


c) Sprayers shall be equipped with devices enabling the adjustment of the volume application rate in an easy, accurate, and repeatable way.

Source: www.hardi-international.com

AMENDMENT OF THE EU MACHINERY DIRECTIVE d) Sprayers shall be designed so that an even distribution and an adequate deposition can be achieved. When the application system is off, any dispersal of PPP shall be avoided.

18


e) Easy, safe, and complete emptying and cleaning of the sprayer shall be possible, especially regarding the main tank.


f) Changing worn parts shall be possible. For checking the sprayer and verifying its correct functioning, it shall be possible to connect measuring instruments to the sprayer components.

Source: www.aams.be

Source: www.hardi-international.com

19


g) Nozzles shall be marked in such a way that they can be identified directly or from information given in the instruction handbook. At least, type and size shall be indicated.

ISO 10625

P t t 3 0 b Di i

Portata a 3.0 bar Dimensione(tolleranza ± 5%) Ugello Colore Codice

l/min RAL0.2 0050 Pearl violet 4011

0.3 0075 Light pink 3015

0.4 01 Pure orange 2004

0.6 015 Traffic green 6024

0.8 02 Zinc yellow 1018

1.0 025 Signal violet 4008

Portata a 3.0 bar Dimensione(tolleranza ± 5%) Ugello Colore Codice

l/min RAL1.2 03 Gentian blue 5010

1.4 035 Wine red 3005

1.6 04 Flame red 3000

2.0 05 Nut brown 8011

2.4 06 Signal grey 7004

3.2 08 Traffic white 9016

4.0 10 Light blue 5012

6.0 12 Yellow green 6018


h) Filters shall be marked in such a way that they can be identified directly or from information given in the instruction handbook. At least, type and mesh size shall be indicated. ISO 19732

20

AMENDMENT OF THE EU MACHINERY DIRECTIVE i) in the instructions handbook the following indications shall be

reported:1) filling and precautions to be taken to avoid contamination of the environment,2) conditions of use (for example maximum driving2) conditions of use (for example maximum driving speed) and the corresponding adjustment of the sprayer enabling an even spray distribution on the target without dispersals,3) type and size of nozzles and type and mesh size of filters,4) time frequency for checking nozzles and filters4) time frequency for checking nozzles and filters,5) any restriction of use for certain type of pesticides,6) additional equipment or attachments for the sprayer according to the intended use, and7) inspections to be made on the sprayer, according to the rules of the pertinent EU Directives.

SPRAYER INNOVATION PERSPECTIVES

SPRAYER INNOVATION PERSPECTIVES

DEVELOPING DEVELOPEDDEVELOPING COUNTRIES

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES GREENHOUSES

21

SPRAYER INNOVATION PERSPECTIVES IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

MAIN GOALS:Environmental protection – Operator and consumer safety

LESS PPP LOSSES

LESS PPP USE

MORE PRECISE AND UNIFORM PPP DEPOSIT

ON THE TARGET

IMPROVEMENT OF THE USE OF ELECTRONIC

DEVICES

LESS PPP LOSSES

Internal

Clean water

External cleaning device

Anrtidrip

Control panel:- Speed- Flow rate- Cleaning system

Pressure

ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY SPRAYERENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY SPRAYER

Internal cleaning device

tankAnrtidrip nozzles

- Pressure

Induction hopper

Minimum PPP

mixture remaining

Proper agitation systemFan air outlet

adjustable and closing independently on each side

22

LESS PPP USEPATCH WEED CONTROLPATCH WEED CONTROL

BY WEED OR BY WEEDBY WEED OR SEEDS MAPPING

BY WEED SENSORS

Direct scouting

Aerial photo

Yeld mapWeeds

PATCH WEED CONTROL (by weed or seeds mapping)

LESS PPP USE

Weeds seeds bank

WEEDS MAP

PATCH SPRAY

23

PATCH WEED CONTROL BY WEED OR SEEDS MAPPING

W d

LESS PPP USE

Weeds seeds bank

Aerial photo

Direct scouting

Yield map

regulation

SPRAYER WITH INJECTION SYSTEM FOR PATCH WEED CONTROL BY WEED MAPPING

LESS PPP USE

boom

mixing system

gsystem

dosing pump control panel

PPP tank

main pumpspeed sensorinjection system

24

PATCH WEED CONTROL BY WEED SENSOR

LESS PPP USE

Optical weed sensor

Control unit

Electric valve

herbicide

Forward direction

LESS PPP USE

THE GreenSeeker® SYSTEMBoom forward direction

Sensor window

LED dual

Spray nozzle

Solenoid valve

LED dual wavelength light source

Target plant

25

THE GreenSeeker® SYSTEMPossible applications

LESS PPP USE

Optimising PPP spray distribution

Weed control under vine rows

Spray application inSpray application in vineyard in the early

growth stages

UP TO 70% PPP SAVINGS

Sprayer able to adjust distribution as a function of

ground slope

MORE PRECISE AND UNIFORM PPP DEPOSIT ON THE TARGET

g p

PPP losses PPP losses during spraying in high transverse slope vineyard

1.0 m19

24%

2.0 m

0.5 m

19%

12%

69% 14

%

62%

36%

26

PendulumControl panelActuators


Actuators

Sonar sensorHydraulic cylinder

on the helm

Device able to modifie nozzle position


Electronic pendulum

Electronic pendulum able able to find row transverse slopeto find row transverse slope

27

Sonar sensor able to determine the distance

between sprayer and rows.


Sonar sensor

Hydraulic cylinderon the helm able tomaintain the sprayer maintain the sprayer in the interin the inter--row row centercenter

Hydraulic cylinder


PPP savingsPPP savings1515--20%20%losses

Conventional situationConventional situation Innovative sprayerInnovative sprayer

28

LESS PPP LOSSES

CASACrop Adapted Spray Application


MORE PRECISE AND UNIFORM PPP DEPOSIT

ON THE TARGET

CASA SPRAYER

LESS PPP USE

• identification of PROBLEMCHS Crop Health Sensor



CHS – Crop Health Sensor

• identification of TARGETCIS – Crop Identification System

• identification of ENVIRONMENTAL CIRCUMSTANCES

EDAS – Environmentally Dependent Application System

29

Integrated System

CHS



CONTROLLER CISSONIC SENSOR

CHSSPECTRAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM

GPS

CAN bus LINE

SONIC ANEMOMETER

EDAS

EnergyEnergy ReflectionReflectionspectrometry spectrometry

EmissionEmissionfluorometryfluorometry

Spectral analysis for identification of object properties

Crop Health SensorCrop Health Sensor

AbsorptionAbsorption

Identifying plant stress(hiperspectral analysis)

100

80

60

40ecta

nce

(%)

100

80

60

40ecta

nce

(%)

TransmissionTransmission500 1000 1500 2000

20

0

Ref

le

Wavelenght [nm]500 1000 1500 2000

20

0

Ref

le

Wavelenght [nm]

30

Spectral analysis of Elstar leaves

0,6

HEALTHY LEAVES INFECTED LEAVES(ascospores of Venturia inaequalis)

0,60,60,6

Spectral analysis for identification of object properties

Crop Health SensorCrop Health Sensor

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900

Serie1Serie2Serie3Serie4Serie5Serie6Serie7Serie8Serie9Serie10 0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900

Series1Series2Series3Series4Series5Series6Series7Series8Series9Series100

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900


0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900


NDVI estimation based on reflectance wavelength groups:675, 679, 680 nm745, 750, 755 nm

Early detection of apple scab (reduced NDVI) – 2 days after infection

Identification of plant size and density Crop Identification SystemCrop Identification System

31

Identification of plant size and density

Ultrasonic sensors identifying canopy WIDTH and tree DENSITY

Crop Identification SystemCrop Identification System

SENSOR II

Piezoelectric Element

Power supply:9 ÷ 17 VLEVEL II

LEVEL III

30°

60 cm

SENSOR III

SENSOR I

Distance range :60 ÷ 500 cm

Ultrasound frequency:45 kHz

Ultrasuonic impulse frequency:10 Hz

Precision of distance detected:< 1% of measured value

LEVEL I

m

100 cm

ACQUISITION OF SENSORS DATA IN THE FIELD WAS CARRIED OUT DURING THE WHOLE SEASON Comparison between figures from sensors and


Comparison between figures from sensors and percentage of “gaps” in the vegetation wall assessed by

image analysis

6060 cm

32

60%

RESULTSComparison between figures from sensors and percentage of “gaps” in the

vegetation wall assessed by image analysis


30%

40%

50%

60%

ntag

e of

"ga

ps"

R2 = 0.92

0%

10%

20%

0 500 1000 1500 2000Sensors data (index value of vegetation density)

Perc

en

PRESSURE

PNEUMATICVALVES NOZZLES4.0 m

CIS spray application system


VALVE

1.6 m

2.8 m

LEVEL II

LEVEL III

4 nozzles per air spout individually

controlled by on/off pneumatic valves

P0.4 m

LEVEL I

33

Results – Volume (dose) appliedOrchard A – 2-year ‘Gala’ h = 2,2 mOrchard B – 11-year ‘Red Chief’ h = 4,0 m Orchard C – 13-year ‘Gala’ h = 4,0 m


500

600

700

800

900

plic

atio

n ra

te (l

/ha)

Orchard AOrchard BOrchard C

Reference: 850 l/ha

Δ = 45%

Δ = 31%

100

200

300

400

22-apr 12-mag 01-giu 21-giu 11-lug 31-lug 20-ago 09-set 29-set 19-ott

Volu

me

app

Δ = 82%

Δ = 64%

APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT

Environmentally Dependent Application SystemEnvironmentally Dependent Application System

Concept

Sprayer position is based on DGPS SYSTEMWind velocity and direction are measured with ULTRASONIC ANEMOMETER

WIND

SONICANEMOMETER

NAVSTAR SATELLITE

Application parameters are adjusted depending on sprayer position and wind situation, in order to minimise spray drift and protect sensitive areas from contamination:

- SPRAY QUALITY – by alteringSPRAY QUALITY by altering FINE/COARSE SPRAY nozzles

- AIR FLOW – independently for left and right sides

34

Adjustment of SPRAY QUALITY


air-inclusion nozzle 90°

COARSE SPRAY

standard flat fan

Pneumatic valves

standard flat-fan nozzle 90°FINE SPRAY


• Air vane

Adjustment of AIR FLOW

directing air flow LEFT/RIGHT

• Diaphragm leaf shutter

restricting air flow on fan inlet

• Electric actuators controlling shutter and vane

35


AIR-20% +20%

WIND

Buffer zone Low drift zone

POND/WELL

SPRAYERS INNOVATION PERSPECTIVES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

MORE DIFFUSE PPP APPLICATION SYSTEMS

Knapasack sprayer

PPP LOSSES > 70% OF APPLIED VOLUME

36


THE EXAMPLE OF CHINA

SPRAYERS

CCC MARK

SPRAYERS

PRODUCT QUALITY

CERTIFICATION

MARKET ACCESS

CERTIFICATION

MANUFACTURERADVISEMENT

CERTIFICATION


THE EXAMPLE OF CHINA

MORE ATTENTION GIVEN TOMORE ATTENTION GIVEN TO ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

AIR INDUCTION NOZZLES

BOOM SPRAYERS

EQUIPPED WITH AIR SLEEVES

ELECTRONIC SENSORS

PRECISION AGRICULTURE

AIR SLEEVES

37

SPRAY INNOVATION PERSPECTIVES IN GREENHOUSES

About 400000 hectares of protected crops only in the

Mediterranean regions

PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN GREENHOUSES

Extension of the growing season

MAIN PROBLEMS

Favourable environment for

Elevated temperatures

High humidity

Different range of crops and of crop size and shape

P tt d d b ddi i

pests and disease

High numberPotted and bedding growing High number of applications

per year

38

Different range of crops and of crop size and shape


EXTREMELY REDUCED FREE

SPACE


High volume spraying (up to 6000 l/ha)

CLASSIFICATION

High volume spraying (up to 6000 l/ha)high pressure (up to 6 MPa) - fine spray

Low volume spraying (50-100 l/ha)- very fine spray

Fogging (less than 5 l/ha)ogg g ( ess t a 5 / a)- fine aerosol

39

High volume sprayingStationary or mobile sprayer with a long hose

with a spray lance at the end for spot treatments


treatments

Stationarysprayer

High volume sprayingPROS

CONSLow investmentHi h l


Low pesticide residues on harvested product

High spray losses

Low distribution uniformity Low concentration of active ingredient (low effectiveness against pests)g p )High contamination risk for the userLow labour productivity

40


0.93.3 7.2

Average PPP operator contamination

4.8

2.9

29

40.2 9.2

25.4

16.2Considering 70 applications per year

> 6 litres of PPP per year on the

HorticultureHorticulture

Total = 19.2 ml/hTotal = 19.2 ml/hFlowersFlowers

Total = 89.7 ml/hTotal = 89.7 ml/h

14.3

OlivesOlives

Total =83.5 ml/hTotal =83.5 ml/h

25.5operator body

Flying doctor (IMAG)

Self driving robotrotary nozzlesVMD 60-80 μmworking width 350 cmcontrolled by a PLC

Low volume spraying


Flying doctor (IMAG) controlled by a PLCsprayer automatically rinsed in the home position

41

Low volume sprayingSatellite sprayer travelling


Air assisted sprayersJKI (ex BBA) prototype

Satellite sprayer travelling on rails

Ganzelmeier, 2001

Automatic single pot pesticide application


Robot realized by DEIAFA - CNR - IMA

42


USE OF ROBOTICS


IMPLEMENTATION OF REMOTE CONTROL SPRAYERS

43

CONCLUSIONSThe use of pesticides will remain essential in future (world population = 9 billions in 2050)

More food quantity, quality and profitability

New demands

Equipment operator safety

Protection for the environment

Consumers safety

Key roles of the sprayer and application techniques

Necessity to improve sprayer performances

New regulations

New market opportunity

CONCLUSIONS

Due to the necessity to pay more attention to the environmental aspects and due to the

EU Directive, there will be a new improvement in spray application

technology and an input for the sprayers and components market

New sprayers

Repair of sprayers in use

44

COUNTRYAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCzech Rep.DenmarkFranceGermany

FIELD SPRAYERS380001900045003500

30000200000130000

AIRBLAST SPRAYER206002200300

2500

15000051000

TOTAL58600212004800600030000

350000181000

SPRAYERS IN USE IN EU (source: Spise)

yGreeceUngaryIrelandItaltLatviaLithuaniaNorgePolandPortugalRomania

4500030000120002000002300

15000170003000005600015000

10700010000

100350000

20150100

24000

5600

1520004000012100

55000023201515017100

3240005600020600Romania

SerbiaSlovakiaSlovenjiaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandThe NetherladsUnited KingdomTOTAL

15000190003700

200007000019000250001300044000

1331000

56002000750

8000140000

500

20002000

878820

2060021000445028000

21000019500250001500046000

2209820

SPRAYERS COMPONENTS TO BE REPLACED DUE TO THE INSPECTION (average of inspection activity results in Belgium, Italy and Germany)

Nozzles -15% Pressure regulator - 20%

Pump membranes - 5%

Pump - 5%Filters - 5%

Manometer - 5%

p %

Antidrip - 5%

45

NUMBER OF PIECES REQUIRED AND EU MARKET VALUE IN THE FOLLOWING 7 YEARS

6.000.000

1.000.000

50.000

Average EU market ~1.000.000.000 €

NUMBER OF SPRAYERS TO BE REPLACED DUE TO THEIR INABILITY TO PASS THE INSPECTION

IN EU ~ 35.000 sprayers (1.5% of the inspected)inspected)

250 million of Euro

+ 33% of the present market value

(750 million of Euro)

46

CONCLUSION

Due to the EU Framework Directive, the EU field crop and orchardthe EU field crop and orchard

sprayers market will be improved about

1 3 billion Euro1,3 billion Euro

within the next 7 years

the new eu directives requirements and the innovation in … · 2010-02-10 · 1 the new eu...

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