the new nation geographical conundrums 1780s – 1820s (more or less) chapter 7 (sort of)
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The New NationGeographical Conundrums
1780s – 1820s (more or less)
Chapter 7 (sort of)
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Sequence of Topics
• Background – 1763 – 1763: Treaty of Paris (Proclamation Line)– 1783: Treaty of Paris (Trans-Appalachia)
• Land Ownership– Claims in the West– Public Domain and survey system– Indian Lands ( a minor inconvenience)
• Growing Population• Infrastructure
– Roads and canals– Topography and geography
• Admission of States
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Map_pre1763
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1763 - French and Indian War
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1770 – Colonial settlement
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1770 – colonial economy
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1783 – Peace conference
Territorial Implications – USA and the three Euro powers all maneuvering:
1) US and Spain both desired Trans-appalachia country
2) French came in with no claims – just wanted to pound on the Brits!
3) Critical – 25,000 American settlers in the “West” (Kentucky) – not to be overlooked.
4) E.g. – three/way split
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Northern Boundary
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Boundaries - 1783
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Mississippi River
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So – now what?
• Nation covers half the continent
• Good time for a mid-term exam
• 25,000+ settlers in Kentucky
• The rest? - empty
• Native Americans – an inconvenience
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Need policies to:
– settle
– develop
– secure and protect
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
• Public Domain – much bigger story today in the American West
• Greatest legacy of Continental Congress– 1) system of government in the territories, and process to
become states– 2) validated the system for syrveying and selling the land– (Note: in colonies – disposal of land before or after survey)
• Applied initially to area north of Ohio River
• Result today “Patterns on the Land”
• Statement of Indian Policy (Warm Springs)
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Background
• Demands of Revolutionary War veterans
• National indebtedness – 67% of federal income to service the debt
• Revision of earlier versions – quite a sequence of proposals actually
• E.g……..
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Colonies of John Wright
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Proposed states
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Jefferson Plan - 1784
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French Long Lots
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…same
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Metes & Bounds
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Rectangular Survey System
• Ordinary “miles”• Township and Range system ( 6 mi. X 6 mi.)• 36 sections in each township • Surveyed according to “magnetic” north (laer
revised by Congress)• Surveyed prior to sale!!• First application – Ohio River country: prepare a
wilderness for sale to American citizens – Wow!
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Ohio Surveys
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Ohio
• N/S Lines not true• See county lines now• Indian troubles
– Shawnee, degeated by Gen. Mad Anthony Wayne at Battle of the Fallen Timbers
– Convergence problem
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Great American Checkerboard
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Survey - East
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NW Ordinance (again)
• Confirmed this survey system
• Territorial administration
• Creating states– 3 to 5 states in “Old” Northwest– 60,000 population to apply for statehood
• By 1804 – all trans-mountain area to the Mississippi was laid out as states or territories
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State/Territory Growth
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Indian Land Cessions
• Congress sole authority to make deals
• 100’s of treaties
• See figure 7.3 in your text
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