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Vol. 17 No. 1

THENEW YORK FOREST OWNERS

ASSOCIATION

CONTENTS

From the Editor's DeskPresident Departs p.3Woods Walk... p.4How to treat woundsto prevent decay P.SNew Extension ForestryBill to aid ..Farmers

p.6Cutting Method AffectsAppearance p~7Guide to Wood Speclc~

p.8Log Splitter .. p.9-l0Snow Fences Save Fueland Labor p.ll

2

WELCOME TO OURNEW MEMBERS

Dr. Allen F. HornManlius, NY

EoH. Atwood, Jr.Rochester, NY

Russell RobertsRemsen, NY

Bernard AltshulerNew York, NY

John E. PfaffEndicott, NY

Scott WarnerCuyler, NY

Richard J. KnoblochLorraine, NY

William CasselmanElizabethtown, NY

Stephen MaderSyracuse, NY

Stuart McCarty IITunnel, NY

William N. StutmanChappaqua, NY

Andrew HindsMalone, NY

J. Morgan HeusslerEast Aurora, NY

ASSOCIATIONOFFICERS

PresidentROBERT M. SAND

Odessa, NY 14869

First Vice-PresidentGORDON CONKLIN

RD#2, Trumansburg, NY

2nd Vice-PresidentHOWARD WARD

240 Owego St., Candor, NY

Recording SecretaryLEWIS DU MOND

Grand St., Cobleskill, NY

TreasurerEMIEL PALMER

S.Salina St., Syracuse, NY

DIRECTORS - 1979Ronald Baldwin

Gordon L. ConklinRichard C. FassettRobert R. MorrowHardy L. ShirleyEvelyn A. Stock

* *DIRECTORS - 1980Robert EdmondsRichard Lea

Barbara PittengerWilliam S. PowersLloyd G. Strombeck

Howard o. WardKenneth Williams

* *'DIRECTORS - 1981Robert Demeree

Kenneth L. Eber1eyJames P. Lassoie

Frederick A. UmholtzC. Eugene Farnsworth

David HanaburghRobert M. Sand

ifI

From

The EDITOR'S DESK

LAST SPRING the thought of havingthe editorship of the FOREST OWNER soover~helmed me that not until now haveI relaxed enough to visit with you. Atpresent however, I find each issue aninteresting challenge.

ALAN KNIGHT, our former editor, wholeft uS to work in Rhode Island, assuresme that he expects to have a firm dateand details of the itinerary for theEuropean trip, as well as another in-stallment of the s,tory of the previoustrip, for the next issue.

HOWARD WARD, our director fromCandor, has suggested that t~e NYFOAmight like to have a speaker s bureau.The talks would be checkedJby some ofour experts1for accuracy. Otherwisethey would be the work of the onesgiving them. This might be another wayof being of educational service.

Ward recently gave a talk for a bookclub and showed slides of his Europeantrip, as well as of his Christmas treeoperation.

Members willing to be a speakermay write to either Mr. Ward or myself.

AS YOU READ this I expect to be inthe San Francisco area of Californiavisiting my daughter and her family.

I also hope to miss a few snow •storms and find some interesting thingsto tell you when I return.

So "Hasta la Vista"

Former PresidentDeparts

EUGENE FARNSWORTH, past Presid~ent of the nrOA expecu to leave100D for a four month stay in Burma.

Farnsworth will be acting asassistant in a FAO United NationsDevelopment Program to establish aForest Research Institute at Yezin,250 miles north of Rangoon.

Areas (if asSlstance will pri-marily be in research of growth andRegeneration of Natural Forests, Tech-nology of Vegetation Propagation,Development of Future Seed Orchards,and Fertilization studies in planta-tion Establishment.

The program , contracted byCESF is under the direction of DeanCharles Larson. George Armstrongalso of CESF and chief technical ad-visor for the project expects to bebe in Burma fOf: a period of foul['years.

Holiday Greetingsto all our friends,May the new yearbring us allmuch happiness.

3

Woods Walk, Shirley ForestsOctober 12, 1978

MARKING TREES for harvesting wheredecision making is difficult was thetheme of a woods walk near Elizabeth-town, New York.

The group assembled at the Shirleyresidence where the objectives of theoperation of the Shirley Forests werecovered in a brief rundown of the re-sults of 23 years of operation.

In general, growing stock has morethan doubled, timber quality has im-proved, and operations have been on abreak even or better level.

NYFOA PRESIDBNT ROBBRT SANDS explain-ed that the objective of the ForestOwners Association is to help woodlandowners achieve satisfaction from theirwoodlands and manage their propertiesto achieve the desired ends, whetherfor income or for other motiyes such asaesthetics, wildlife, or the pleasuresof watching a forest area respond tocarefully planned management.

The setting and history of ReberValley in which the Woods Walk tookplace was outlined by Alberta West, alocal historian.

HOW TO JUDGE when and how heavilya stand of timber should be thinned wasoutlined by Professor Farnsworth, ofCBSFat Syracuse who demonstrated theuse of a prism as an index of growthrate and density in a stand of trees.

After lunch the walkers donned raingear and proceeded to a stand of treeshaving but 30 square feet of one focalarea, yet it was apparently using all thethe nutrients the soil could deliver tosupport tree growth. The trees were oldstunted, and unhealthy due to a lack ofnutrients.

The next stop was made at a standhaving 100 feet of basic area, whereone or more poorly formed trees mightbe removed. The third stop was at anold hedge groWD up to large, limby,decadent oaks and maples, indicatingthat the 80il had once been cultivated.

4

One oak tree had fallen over knock-ing dOWD, in domino fashion, fourvaluable pines of merchantable size;evidence that if people do not harvesttimber before it becomes over maturenature will do it and convert thetimber back into soil.

THREE RED OAKS, approaching overmaturity were ysing up as much spaceas 1.6 medium Sized pines.

Another stop featured a dense standof red and white pine and hem12ck hav-ing a basil area of 20-31 feet andneeding a heavy thinning to preventstagnation of the stand.

Each woods walker had an opportunityto test out the use of a prism or anglesquare to measure stand density.

It was agreed that the stand was inneed 6f two thinnings spaced 10-15 yearsapart.

ANOTHER STAND had been logged threeyears ago, reducing the basal area toabout 100 square feet per acre.

The rain had persisted throughoutthe day but the woods walkers feltwell rewarded.

They were glad to have learned thatthe thinning theory could be appliedin commercial logging operations,thereby maintaining good growth andmultiple harvests during a timber standrotati.on.

WOODS WALK PARTICIPANTS werePaul and Lillian Steinffeld, Pleasant-ville.William Casselman, ElizabethtownRichard Lea, CESF, SyracuseEugene and Frances Farnsworth, CESFAlberta West, ReberRichard Sayward , WillsboroNYFOA President Robert Sand, and Mrs.SandHarold and Gary Brown, JamesvilleRichard H. Regan, Holbrook

* * *

How To Treat WoundsTo Prevent Decay

By Alex Shigo, Northeastern ForestExperiment Station

Decay is a major cause of damage totrees. Wounds start the process that

can lead to decay. Decayed trees areunsightly, hazardous and low quality.To prevent decay, first prevent wounds;but if a tree becomes ~ounded, followthese steps to roinimize decay, and tohelp the tree zema Ln healthy:

1. Clean wounds; trim away loose, in-jured bark.2. Shape the wound into a vertical ovalwhen possible. Use a sharp knife tomake a clean edge between vigorous barkand exposed wood.3. Remove dead, dying or weak branchesfrom the wounded tree.4. Water and properly fertilize the tree.

* * *

5. Remove wood around tree; practicesanitation.

6. Remove less valuable woody plantsthat may be crowd-ing the valuablewounded tree.

7. Protect the tree from further in-jury.

8. Use a thin coat of wound dressingonly if if it is needed as a sl.gn thatthe wound has been treated.

* *For information on preservation of

wood with chemical treatments you maysend for a new publication by U.S.,Forest Service's Forest Products Lab,( fIGeneral Tech. Report FPL-l~ free fromNat. Media Office USDA Forest Service370 Reed Road, Broomall, Pa 19008

--------"=== ACCIDENT ALIBIS -------

Many have experienced the confusion of traffic accidents and have hadto try to summarize exactly what happened in a few ~ords or less oninsurance or accident forms. The following quotations were taken fromthese forms and were eventually published in the Toronto Sun, 7/26/77.

I thought my window was down,but found out it was up whenI put my hand through it.

I told the police that I was notinjured, bue on removing my hat,I found that I had a skull fracture.

The pedestrian had no idea whichdirection to go; so I ran overhim.The indirect cause of this acci.d-ent was a little guy in a smallcar with a big mouth.

The telephone pole was approachingfast. I was attempting to swerveout of its path when it struck myfront end.

A truck backed through my windshieldinto my wife's face.

The guy was allover the road; I hadto swerve a number of times before Ihit him.

I saw the slow-moving, sad-faced oldgentleman as he bounced nff the hoodof my car.

I was thrown from my car as it left theroad. I was later found in a ditch bysome stray cows.

I was unable to stop in time and my carcrashed into the other vehicle. Thedriver and passenger then left for avacatjon with injuries.

5

NEW EXTENSION FORESTRY BILLTO AID TREE FARMERS

(6) assist in providing continuingeducation programs for professionallytrained individuals in fish and wild-life, forest, range, and watershedmanagement and related fields;

(7) help forest and range landownersin securing technical and financialassistance to bring appropriate ex-pertise to bear on their problems; and

(8) help identify areas of neededresearch regarding renewable resources.

By J.P. LASSOIE, CORNELL UNIVERSITY

On July 1, 1978 President Cartersigned into law N.R. 11779. This Actexpands the renewable resources exten-sion program with state extension pro-gram in cooperation with state exten-sion services in order to provide pri-vate forest landowners with educationand information about managing and us-ing forests, rangeland, fish and wild-life, water, and information about man-aging and USing water and other renew-able resources. It was developed withthe cooperative efforts of state forest-ry agencies, state extension services,forest industries, conservation organ-izations, forestry schools and Membersof Congress working with the Departmentof Agriculture.

Under the Act, the Secretary ofAgriculture in cooperatjon with thestate cooperative extension service pro-gram shall:

(1) provide educational programsthat enable individuals to recognize,analyze, and resolve problems dealingwith renewable resources, including for-est and range-based outdoor recreationopportunities, trees and forests in urbanareas, and trees and shrubs in shelter-bel ts;

(2) use educational programs todisseminate the results of results ofresearch on renewable resources;

(3) conduat educational programsthat transfer the best available tech-nology to those involved in the manage-ment and protection of forests and rangelands and the processing and use of theirassociated renewable resources;

(4) develop and implement education-al programs that give special attentionto the educational needs of small, pri-vate non-industrial forest landowners;

(5) develop and implement education-al programs in range and fish and wild-life management;

6

In essence, H.R. 11779 will providethe funds necessary for a greater com-mitment from cooperative extension tothe educational needs of the small,private woodland owners of New YorkState.

Much needed forestry staff will beadded to the State's cooperative ex-tension network in order to enhancecurrent educational efforts. In time

In time, tree farmers. as well asthe general publiC, will be able tobetter enjoy the economic, social, andecological benefits resulting from thebetter management of our valuablewoodlands.

This is surely the era of privatewoodlot forestry.

* *

Thro' all the circle of the goldenyear?

Ah! When shall all men's goodBe each man's rule, and universal

PeaceLie like a shaft of light across the

land-Tennyson

* *

Cutting methodaffects appearance

The five principal methods of cuttingveneer in plywood manufacturing each af-fect the appearance of the wood.

In the ROTARY METHOD - the log ismounted centrally on a lathe and turnedagainst a sharp blade. The result ismuch like unwinding a roll of paper.Since this cut follows the log's annulargrowth rings, a bold grain figure isproduced.

HALF ROUND SLICING - is a variationof rotary cutting in which segments ofthe log are mounted off center on thelathe. The result is a cut slightlyacross the growth rings, visually show-ing modified characteristics of bothrotary and plain-sliced veneers.

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PLAIN SLICING - entails slicing thelog parallel to a line through thecenter of the log. The result is acathedral like grain pattern which ismore uniform than the rotary cut.

In QUARTER SLICING - the quarter logis cut at approximately right anglesto the growth rings.

The RIFT-CUT - is the most expensivemethod and used mostly with variousspecies of oak. Oak has medullarycells radiating from the center of thelog like the spokes of a wheel. Therift is obtained by slicing slightlyacross these rays. This results in avery uniform vertical grain pattern.

GUIDE TO WOOD SPECIES

Species Principle Appearanc2 Hardness FinishingUses Color Figure Grain Paint Transparent

Ash Trim,Cabinetry Creamy High Open Hard Not used ExcellentWhite Light BrownBasswood Decorative Mold- Creamy

ings & carvings White none closed soft Excellent ExcellentBeech Semi-expos~d White to Med. closed Hard Excellent Good

Cabinet parts Redish BR.Birch Trim, Cabinetry Dark Red Med. Closed Hard Nojt used ExcellentYellow-SelectRed (Heartwood)Birch Trl_, , ••• 11a. Cr•••, Keel. Closed Hard Not used ExcellentYellow Select WhiteWhite (Sapwo04)Butternut Trim, Pan. Cab. Pale Br. High Open Medium Not used Excellent

Cedar Red. Br. Med. Closed Soft Not used GoodWes tern Red Trim, Pan. Exter.nearly

& Interior white Sap.Cherry Trim, Pan. Reddish High Closed Hard Not used ExcellentAmerican Cabinetry BrownBlackChestnut Trim, & Grayish High Open W. Med. Not used ExcellentWormy Paneling Brown W.holesFir Trim, Frames Reddish High Closed Med. Fair FairDouglas, Flat Paneling Tanrain

Douglas, Trim, Frames ReddishVertiaal Gr. Paneling Tan Low Closed Med. Good Good

Maple, Har$! Trim, Paneling White Med. Closed Very Not ExcellentSelect White Cabinetry Hard UsedSa t•••oodOak, English Veneered Pan. Leathery High Open Hard Not ExcellentBrown & cabinetry Brown Used

Oak, Red ftim, panel. Reddish High Open Hard Not ExcellentPlain Sawn Cabinetry Tan-Br. UsedOak, White Trim. Panel. Greyish High Open Hard lfot Excellentplain Sawn cabinetry Tan UsedPine Trim,Frames, Creamy WbEastern or Pan. & Cab. to Pink Med. Closed Soft Good GoodNorthern WhoPoplar Trim, Pan. & Who to Br. Med. Closed Med. Excel. GoodYellow Cabinetry Green castWalnut Trim, pa. & Chocolate Not ExcellentAmer. Black Cabinetry Brown High Open Hard Used

From - BUILDING DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION August, 1978.

8

LOG SPLITTERPrepared byGeorge Buzzell

Orleans County ForesterNewport, Vermont

A special thanks goes out to MertonPike of Stowe , Vermont. In January,1968, Merton took time out from hisfarming operation to show this CountyForester the splitter he had built inhis spare time.

Merton has contributed some excel-lent ideas which have been incorporatedin the attached drawing. He also point-ed out some disadvantages which his

splitter has as it is now set up. How-ever, these problems are not serious andcan be fairly easily solved.

Merton is using the hydraulic pumpand controls on his crawler tractor toactuate the Bplitter. The pump generatesonly 1150 PSI which really isn't quiteenough pressure to handle some of thetougher splitting chunks. Also, the manoperating the controls has to travelback and forth from the tractor to thesplitter to run the controls and loadthe splitter. Merton says this runningback and forth keeps his f eet wa rrn butcuts down on efficiency a bit.

PROBLEMS SOLVEDThe above problems could be solved

by mounting the controls, pump and reser-voir on the cylinder end of the splitter.The pump could be operated off a tractorPTO and should generate around 2200 PSI.Also, the cylinder Mert is using has a32" stroke, which is not enough to trav-el all the way to the wedge. A longerstroke would take care of this situation.

The only other drawback to Merton'ssplitter is moving it around in thewoods. Wheels mounted on the cylinder

end and a hitch on the wedge end,orelse a low scoot or stone boat wouldfacilitate moving the splitter. How-ever, in use, the splitter should beas close to the ground as possible toavoid having to lift heavy chunks.

MATERIALS USEDA three-foot piece of iron welded

across the bottom of the I-beam keepsMerton's splitter from tipping over.

This splitter was built largely fromparts picked up in a machinery dealer'sjunk yard. Total cost of the projectwas around $75.*

SPLITTER SAVESThis splitter saves labor (can eaSily

be operated by two men), saves time(is fairly fast), and saves money--

(saved Merton about $900 or so on thepurchase price of a commercially builtsplitter) •

The price of a complete "home-made"outfit built from brand new componentswould fall between $300 and $400.

For further information, contactyour County Forester.

* Costs may vary.

* * *

Question: What is the best way tomake a fire with sticks?

Answer: Make sure one of them isa match.

* * *

9

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Snow Fences Save Fuel & LaborBy J.K. CampbellCornell University

By judicious positioning ofa snow fence, the energy of thewind can be used to pile snowaway from driveways or walkways.Not only will such a scheme savefuel required for a snowbloweror plow, but it will reduce thenumber of times you will haveto arise early to plow snow.

Where should the fence beplaced? Can a windbreak of treesbe used? Canadian engineers havhave found that about 90 percentof drifting snow moves alongwithin one feot of the groundand deepest drifts occur wherewind velocity is least.

They have also found thatcertain relationships exist be-tween types of fences and snowdrift location. The relation-ship is shown in the diagram bythe type and length of driftingthat may be expected from solidand porous fences. The lengthsof the drifts are described asmultiples of the fence heightH. In other words, 4H shown inthe diagram indicates the driftwould be 16 feet long if thefence were four feet high.

A solid fence, like a build-ing, will cause a cliff-likedrift to form on the windwardside - in front of the fence.High air turbulence will existon the leeward side - behind thefence. Highest turbulence willoccl!r about four fence heightsbeh1nd the fence where the winddirection at the ground is actu-ally reversed!

A porous fence allows the snow toblow through, creating a driftbehind the fence. Porous fencesar~ de~cribed by "fence density",Wh1Ch 1S the percentage of solidarea in ~ fence. For example, afence bU1lt of eight inch boardsspaced 1 3/4 inches apart wouldhave a density of 85 percent. Thecommon highway snow fence is 50to 60 percent density. A shelterbelt of deciduous trees will havea.density of only 30 to 50 percentSlnce no leaves are on the treesduring the winter. A shelterbeltof evergreens can exhibit a muchhigher density.

The diagram shows that if youwant to protect a driveway fromdrifting snow with a four feethigh snow fence of 50 percentdensity, the fence should be set10H or 40 feet from the driveway.

As the first step in using asnow fence for snow drift con-trol, you must know the directionof prevailing winter winds. Forbest results, the fence shouldbe placed perpendicular to thewind direction.

* * *Have you peaceThe quiet urgeVerily the lust for comfortfor comfort murders the passionof the soul, and then walksgrinning in the funeral.Have you peaceThe quiet urgethat reveals your power?Have you remembrancesThe glimmering arches that spanthe summits of the mind?Have you Beautythat leads the heart from thingsfashioned of wood & stone to theholy mount or have you only com-fort that becomes host & thena master.

11

Non profit org.bulk rate

u.s. POSTAGEPAID

Nedrow, N.Y.13120

Permit No. 37

Evelyn A. StockEditor

5756 Ike Dixon Rd.Camillus, N.Y. 13031

Bring a Friend!There are 255,000 other forest owners in New York.

Why not invite them to join NYFOA today?

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE NEWYORK FOREST OWNERS ASSOCIATION, INC.

(Please send to:)

Mrs. Helen Varian, Membership Secretary204 Varian Rd., Peekskill, N.Y. 10566

I would like to help advance forestry in New York State.I enclose my check payable to the New York ForestOwners Association, Inc.

I own acres for.est land inCounty, N.Y.I do not own forest land but I support Associa-tion's objectives.

ANNUAL DUES

(Please underline choice)

Junior Member (Under 21) $1

Regular Member $7

Family Membership $12(husband, wife)

Contributing Member $12 - $29

Sustaining Member $30 - $99

Supporting Member $100 - $499

Sponsoring Member. $500 and upName _

Address _

__________________________ Zip Code _