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Forest Ownert

September-October, 1982

2 New York Forest Owner

Vol. 20, No.5

THENEW YORK FOREST OWNERS

ASSOCIATION

l~ ~

EditorEvelyn Stock

57561keDixonRd.Camillus,NY 13031

In This Issue

P. 2 New Members; Officers; Direc-tors; Front Cover

P. 3 New Members, cont'd; ThePresident's Message

P. 4 In Memoriam for Eugene Farns-worth; Ads wanted for DirectoryIssue

P. 5 On The Calendar; WoodlotManagement Workshop;NYFOA Fall Meeting

P. 6 Fred Najer's Forest Trust

P. 7 NYFOA Canadian Trip; LumberGrading Shortcourse

P. 8-9 Forty Years of Woodlot Man-agement Pay Off

P. 10 Hire a Forester; State Has MoreTrees Now Than 14 Years Ago;Forest Bookshelf

P. 11 URBAN FORESTRY: City Lifeis Hard on Trees

P. 12 A Look at Forestry in the Philip-pines

Front Cover

The Pack Forest at Warrensburg. Siteof the Fall Meeting.

Editor

WelcomeOur New Members

Norman Ameis, Jr.330 Rt. #39Arcade, NY 14009

Carl G. BerthelRt.. #79, RD#1, Box 127ARichford, NY 13835

Richard K. BibbinsBox 281Adams Center, NY 13606

William J. CoolSeneca Co. Soil & Water

Conservation District321 E. Williams at MillSt.Waterloo, NY 13165

Henry G. CraftS. Cross Rd., Box 82Staatsburg, NY 12580

B.W. CrouseMaple Grove Farm4950 Oak Orchard Rd.Albion, NY 14411

Henry DeBruin623 Shore Acres Rd.Arnold, MD 21012

Edward G. Dixon6690 Bush Rd.Jamesville, NY 13078

Paul F. Eckelman17 Beadart PI.Hyde Park, NY 12538

Joe Greges, Jr.RD#1, Box 433AWaverly, NY 14892

Keith Gutchess4074 Highland Rd.Cortland, NY 13045

Published by theNEW YORK FOREST OWNERS

Association

OFFICERS

PresidentPaul Steinfeld

First Vice PresidentMary S. McCarty

Second Vice-PresidentA.W. Roberts, Jr.Third Vice-PresidentPeter S. Levatich

TreasurerStuart McCarty

Recording SecretaryJ. Lewis DuMond

DIRECTORS1983

Robert L. EdmondsRichard V. Lea

George F. MitchellA.W. Roberts, Jr.Linda ThoringtonHoward O. WardDale N. Weston

1984Robert L. DemereeDavid H. HanaburghJames P. LassoleEmiel D. PalmerNorman RichardsRobert M. Sand

Lloyd G. Strombeck

1985Ken Eberley

Richard E. GarrettJ. Claude LecoursPeter S. LevatichMary S. McCarty

Douglas B. MonteithPaul Steinfeld

Editor

Evelyn Stock

September-October 1982

New Members, Cont'd.

3

William HohmannBox 139Kinderhook, NY 12106

Anton M. Kasanof1231 Earnestine St.McLean, VA 22101

Roy J. Ketchum10 Summer Ln.Rochester, NY 14626

John R. MooreRD#2, Hurlbut Rd.Remsen, NY 13438

Thomas Parziale311 Ellis Hollow Creek Rd.Ithaca, NY 14850

Carl L. SirianniBox 327Greene, NY 13778

Leon L. Wiggin20 Chestnut St.Oneonta, NY 13820

BOARD MEETINGJuly 6, 1982

Those in attendance were: PaulSteinfeld, Bob Demeree, George Mitch-ell, Richard Lea, Henry De Bruin(guest), Doug Monteith, Norman Rich-ards, R.B. Marshall, David H. Hana-burgh, Richard E. Garrett, Linda Thor-ington, Evelyn Stock, Emiel Palmer,A.W. Roberts, Jr., Jim Lassoie and Dr.John Kelley, Cornell University,(guest) .The Board met July 6 (first day of

Forestry Congress) in room 213 Mar-shall Hall at SUNY College of Environ-mental Science and Forestry. It wasagreed that Board members would writeHelen Varian to express their apprecia-tion for the years of hard work anddedication that she devoted as member-ship secretary for the New York ForestOwners Association.

It was agreed that the spring meetingwill be held April 16 at Cornell Universi-ty at the conservation site.

Evelyn Stock will attend the ForestryCongress and give the N.Y.F.O.A.views on problems in forestry.

Meeting adjourned.

ThePresident's Message

My perspective comes from experi-ence as a forest owner, as a consumerof professional forestry services, andfrom a belief that land ownership shouldinclude a sense of stewardship. I thinkthe NYFOA can help make "the smallforest owner" a real person rather thanan abstraction.

This requires education of small forestowners so they may develop greaterself-awareness and knowledge of theiropportunities to become good mana-gers, wise stewards, and importantassets to our economy. It also involvesthe development of closer, more pro-ductive relationships between ownersand those who provide services toowners. These include loggers, profes-sional foresters, and government agen-cies.

ing opportunities, long-range improve-ment of forest quality, or many otherpossible options.

The plan must be not only technicallycorrect, but have sufficient appeal forthe owner to want to implement it. Gov-ernment service providers have specialproblems. How can they be accountableto all the people, yet attuned to themotives of individuals?

It is encouraging that some recent re-search has been focused on the owners,not just their lands. Last year, JamesLassoie's questionnaire to our member-ship produced some important informa-tion. Currently, with cooperation fromour Directors, a survey is being design-ed by William Ferretti, a doctoral stu-dent at the College of Forestry, to learnmore about the actual motives of forestlandowners. These beginning effortsmight help bring consumers and pro-viders of services closer to one another.

Service providers are most effectivewhen they maintain close contact withconsumers of their service. A forester'smanagement plan is more effectivewhen the forester has some knowledge .,....._._~ "~~ .of whether the owner is most interested ..,.. t) n >\ -. . r ( I Cin a quick cash return, increased hunt- ~~, j \~.-

4 New York ForestOwner

IN MEMORIAMDr. C. Eugene Farnsworth, past

president and member of the Boardof Directors of N.Y.F.O.A. died July2, 1982 after a long illness.

Born in Crisco, Iowa, Gene grad-uated from Iowa State University,received his masters from Yale andhis PhD from the University of Mich-igan at Ann Arbor.

In 1930 he joined the ForestryCollege faculty and taught at theRanger School in Wanakena for 16years and then at the Syracuse cam-pus until 1972. Gene maintained anoffice at the college and went onseveral business trips out of the coun-try until late 1981.

After World War II Dr. Farnsworthwas one of those who went to thePhilippines to help set up a forestryplan. At the memorial service, a rep-resentative of the president, Ferdi-nand Marcos, and the minister oflands and forests of the Philippinesspoke of the appreciation they felt forwhat he had done for their country.

Students at the forestry collegededicated their yearbook to Farns-

worth twice. In 1974 he received theHeiberg Memorial Award from theNew York Forest Owners Associa-tion for outstanding service in thefield of forestry in New York State.

In 1979 the New York Society ofForesters awarded him a citation ofmerit.

This year he received the E.S.F.Alumni Association's "OutstandingAlumni" award.

Dr. Farnsworth had great enthusi-asm and good humor. He couldgrasp the essence of a problemquickly and explain it thoroughly. Hewill be missed. When I took over aseditor of The New York ForestOwner, Dr. Farnsworth gave memuch needed encouragement.

Surviving are his wife, the formerFrances Jones, and two sons, C.Eugene III and John D.

Contributions may be made to theEugene Farnsworth Memorial Fund,Forestry Foundation, SUNY Collegeof Environmental Science &Forestry, Syracuse, New York13210.

WANTED!Ads For Directory

Our November-December issue willbe a Directory that will contain thenames and addresses of our members,as well as those of other organizationswhich are of service to forest owners.Articles of lasting interest are also in-cluded,

We are soliciting advertisements forthis issue from businesses involved inthe forest industry, as well as informalads from our members to publicize theirforest ownership and to help supportthe extra cost of this Directory issue.

The rates are -1/2 page (81/2x Tl)1/3 page1/6 page1/12 page

$80.00$50.00$30.00$17.50

If you would like to place an adver-tisement, please send a rough sketch ofwhat you would like it to say, along witha check to Robert L. Demeree, 4 North-way Drive, Cortland, New York 13045.

The ad will need to be in by Septem-ber 15th to make the printing deadline.

Where Did Summer GO?What happened to the summer?I really couldn't say -I'm sure it must have taken wingsAnd quickly flown away.Just yesterday was springtime,A robin told me so.How could it be September's here,Where did the summer go?

What happened to that June night,That sweet and happy thought,The pleasant days of dreamingThat mid-July had brought?Vacation's long since over,Winter just ahead,The summer quickly fading,And autumn glows instead.

What happened to the roses?My goodness, they look blue,Their petals slowly falling,Their leaves are dying too.What happened? I've the answer!It isn't strange at all -Old Mother Nature's SummerIs changing into Fall.

-Garnett Ann SchultzIdeals, September, 1956

September-October 1982 5

ON THE CALENDARSeptember 17-18

Fall Meeting. Details elsewhere in thisissue.

October 16Woodlot Management Workshop.

Details elsewhere in this issue.

October 25-29Hardwood Lumber Grading short-

course. Details elsewhere in this issue.. .

WOODLOT MANAGEMENTWORKSHOP

On Saturday, October 16th, a Wood-lot Management Workshop will be con-ducted jointly by Broome, Chemung,Cortland, Schuyler, Tioga and Tomp-kins County Extensions; Natural Re-source Department, Cornell; theDepartment of Environmental Conser-vation, Region 7; Wood Utilization Ser-vice - S.U.N.Y. College of Environ-mental Science and Forestry and How-land Brothers Company, in Berkshire.

Morning sessions will be held at theAnimal Science Teaching and ResearchCenter, Route 38, Harford, N.Y.Topics to be covered include Land-owner Liability, Arranging WoodlotSales, Insects and Diseases, and Eco-nomics of Forest Management.

In the afternoon participants will havea choice of tours to see firewood har-vesting, a sawmill operation or a loggingoperation.

A resource fair will display informa-tion on various forestry organizationsand topics relative to woodlot owners.

The program begins at 8:30 a.rn. andconcludes at 4:30 p.m. Preregistrationis required and a $5.00 fee is beingcharged to cover materials and refresh-ments.

For more information and a registra-tion form, contact Edward E. Lang,Tioga County Cooperative Extension,56 Main Street, Owego, New York13827, phone 687-4020.

New YorkForest Owners Association

NOTICEFALL ANNUAL MEETINGSeptember 17-18, 1982

Pack Demonstration ForestWarrensburg, New York

THEME: Pack Forest Revisited

Program:17th-Friday- Registration

1:00 p.m. r: 5:00 p.m.P.M. Non-structured visits to Live

Feed Show - So. GlensFalls (20 miles south) to seeharvesting equipment sys-tems in woods operations.

6:00 P.M. Dinner-Barbeque (weatherpermitting)

8:00 P.M. Board of Directors Meeting

18th - Saturday7:30-8:30 Breakfast9:00 A.M. Field trip tour (car caravan

with minimum number ofvehicles on and aroundPack Forest with severalstopsLunch at CampNoon

1:00 P.M. Tour continues, to be con-cluded by 3-4 p.m.

Dr. Norman A. Richards, Pro-fessor, School of Forestry E.S.F. willbe our host and guide.

Pack Forest, acquired by the Collegein 1927, has been active in demonstra-tion, research and teaching. A 3,000acre plus forest with white pine as adominant species, has been the locationfor many activities and studies in forestmanagement of all types.

Dr. Richards will be discussing theecological background of the area andthe forest, then display examples ofwhite pine management, then lookcloser at forest regeneration, bothnatural and artificial, and finally show us

some of the results of the earliest forestfertilization studies made in the UnitedStates initiated by Svend Heiberg.

The tour will run RAIN or SHINE.

FacilitiesPack Forest is the location of the ESF

Summer Program in Field Forestry. Wewill meet in these facilities. Guests maystay at the Camp. There are, however,a minimum number of rooms suitablefor couples (double occupancy) butplenty of room in dormitories24/room.

Cost at Pack is $5/person/daybed, mattress and pillows only, sup-plied.

There are available motels in LakeGeorge area at discount rates. Reserva-tion data will be sent upon request.Meals - at Pack Forest.

Dinner - 9/17, Breakfast andLunch - 9/18 - $20±.

Cordon Green quality (approximatesBleu).

A registration notice and packet willbe mailed to members around August15th with deadline by Sept. 10, 1982for reservations.

Pack Forest Location - On U.S.Rte. 9 - four miles north of Warrens-burg, nine miles north of Lake Georgeand 20 miles north of Glens Falls. Arriv-ing from the north or south via I 87, exitat Warrensburg and drive north onRoute 9 through village. Arriving fromwest, use Route 28 to junction of U.S.Rte. 9, turn left (north) 1/2 mile to theentrance of the Forest. Once in Forestfollow N.Y.F.O.A. signs.

6 New York Forest Owner

Fred Najer's Forest TrustLeaving Woodlands in Trust has

long been considered by the NYFOA,but no direct action has ever beentaken. However, Fred Najer, a formermember of our Board of Directors, andgreat lover of the forest was determinedto set up a trust with his woodlands andlast year did just that.

After Fred's death early this year hiswife Gladys, knowing of our interest,sent a copy of the "Trust" which isprinted in this issue. It is a very thought-provoking article, and any questions orthoughts our members might like to ex-press may be sent to Dave Hanaburgh,Craft Lane, Buchanan, NY 10511.

Dave is chairman of the committeeon Forest Trusts.

DECLARATION OF TRUSTTHIS TRUST AGREEMENT made

this 20th day of April, 1981, by and be-tween ALFRED NAJER, of Sarasota,Florida, as Grantor and ALFREDNAJER or his successors, hereinaftercalled the "Trustee" (whenever thewords "Trustee" or "Grantor" are usedherein they refer also to the plural orvice versa as the case may be).

WITNESSETHThat for and in consideration of the

covenants herein contained and forTen Dollars and Other Good and Valu-able Considerations, the Grantor shall,from time to time, deliver to the Trusteecertain property and the Trustee agreesto hold, administer and distribute somuch of the corpus and accumulatedincome, including capital gains, of thisTrust (together with additions theretoand reinvestments thereof) as he, in hisjudgment, deems advisable for thehealth, welfare and benefit of the Grant-or in accordance with the terms andprovisions hereinafter set out.

As any property is delivered intotrust, same shall be listed as a documententitled Schedule "A" which shall be at-tached to this trust instrument.

ARTICLE I.(Name)

This trust shall, for convenience, beknown as the "Alfred Najer RevocableTrust" dated April 20, 1981, and it shallbe sufficient that it be referred to as suchin any instrument of transfer, deed,assignment, bequest or devise.

ARTICLE II.(Powers Reserved to Grantor)

Grantor shall have and possess, andhereby reserves the following rights andpowers, to be exercised at any time andfrom time to time in writing and effectivewhen delivered to the Trustee here-under:

A. To manage any forest propertiescomprising the trust property throughprofessional foresters as heretofore, andafter Grantor's death, the successorTrustee shall continue such professionalmanagement and annual commitmentas tree farms.

B. To withdraw any or all trust prop-erty from the operation of this Agree-ment;

C. To change identity or number, orboth, of the Trustee hereunder;

D. To alter or amend this Agreementin any and every particular; and

E. To revoke this Agreement and anytrust established hereunder in whole orin part, whereupon the Trust Estate orthe part thereof affected thereby shall bedistributed as. the Grantor shall direct inwriting.

ARTICLE III.(Distributions to Grantor)

During the lifetime of Grantor, heshall be entitled to receive all of the netincome from the trust property, payablein convenient installments not less thanannually. After Grantor's death, the in-come shall be payable in convenient in-staiIments to Grantor's daughter,NANCY BRITO of Meriden, Connecti-cut, during her lifetime. Upon herdeath, the income shall be dividedequally between her two sons, TODDMURPHY and FRANK BRITO, both ofMeriden, Connecticut. Upon the deathof either her said sons, his share of theincome shall be distributed to his issueper stirpes. This trust shall terminatewhen the youngest child (natural oradopted) of TODD MURPHY andFRANK BRITO reaches the age oftwenty-one (21) years at which time thistrust shall terminate and the trust pro-perty shall be distributed in kind in equalfractional shares among the then livingissue of TODD MURPHY and FRANKBRITO, and upon taking receiptstherefor, the Trustee shall be relieved offurther liability hereunder.

Until a beneficiary has reached theage of eighteen (18) his or her share ofthe income shall be paid to such bene-ficiary's legal guardian and if there benone, to his or her natural guardian orto the person having legal custody ofsuch beneficiary for the sole use and

benefit of such beneficiary. After the ageof eighteen (18), the income shall bepaid directly to the beneficiary.

ARTICLE IV.(Estate Taxes)

If the property described in Schedule"A" is includable in Grantor's estate forFederal estate tax purposes, all suchtaxes and any state inheritance taxes ifany shall be paid by Grantor's PersonalRepresentative out of the assets ofGrantor's probate estate or by the Trust-ee under Grantor's Trust Agreementdated February 11, 1977, and shallhold the Trustee named hereunderharmless from any obligation or liability'for payment of such taxes.

ARTICLE V.(Powers Of Trustee)

The Trustee shall have and exerciseall of the powers, duties and priviligesaccorded to Trustees under the Laws ofthe State of New York. It is Grantor's in-tention and absolute direction to all suc-cessor Trustees that the propertydescribed on Schedule "A" not be sold, .but remain as tree farms.

ARTICLE VI.(Successor Trustees)

In case Grantor is legally declared in-competent and unable to manage his af-fairs, or dies, his daughter NANCYBRITO, shall succeed him as soleTrustee of this Trust and if she shouldbecome unable or unwilling to qualify orserve, then her sons, TODD MURPHYand FRANK BRITO, shall become suc-cessor co-Trustees. None of theTrustees shall be required to give bondor other security in any jurisdiction.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I ALFREDNAJER, as Grantor of the foregoingDeclaration of Trust, have hereunto setmy hand and seal this 20th day of April,1981.Signed, sealed and deliveredin the presence of: Alfred Najer

STATE OF FLORIDACOUNTY OF SARASOTA

I HEREBY CERTIFY that on this daybefore me, an officer duly authorized inthe State and County aforesaid to takeacknowledgments, personally appearedALFRED NAJER, to me known to bethe person described in and who exe-cuted the foregoing instrument as Gran-tor, and he acknowledged before methat he executed the same for the pur-poses therein expressed.

WITNESS my hand and official sealin the County and State last aforesaidthis 20th day of April, 1981.

September-October 1982

The NYFOA Canadian TripJuly 28-August 10

Everyone arrived in Toronto in timeto have dinner with Mr. James Coats,Executive Director of the Ontario For-estry Association. He gave a slide pre-sentation of Forestry in Canada.

After visiting a nursery which turnsout 90,000 Christmas trees, we cameback for the second evening in Toronto.Bob and Lou Sand celebrated their32nd wedding anniversary by havingdinner in the "Needle," (a tall pole witha restaurant on top).

Later that night we boarded the trainfor an interesting trip across Canada'swest and north. We passed 1500 milesof trees and lakes (140 kinds of trees).After that we passed hay and grainfields for two days and nights. The im-mensity of the land is overwhelming,but by no other method of travel wouldwe have come to know Canada as it is.

We got off the train in several places. and went by bus into the countryside forprearranged visits. We visited two farmswhich had been homesteaded by thepresent owners' fathers.

At the Johns tree farm and nursery inHenribourg, Saskatchewan we touredthe many acres which his father hadcleared of trees and took pictures of thelog cabin he built from the. trees. He hadall kinds of trees: Christmas, ornamen-tal, street and fruit, plants, flowers andbushes.

Mrs. Johns served a lovely picniclunch and made the women all corsagesof an unusual lily.

We went to another farm, the last onebefore the Arctic circle, owned by Davidand Jean Halland of Love, Saskatche-wan. On their 1700 acre farm they rais-ed 50,000 bushels of wheat last year.Dave also operates a lumber yard,grows Christmas trees, has his own air-plane, a great deal of machinery (whichhe himself keeps repaired), and a cot-tage on the lake. Dave has a beautifulwife and two lovely children. There willbe more in another issue.

Every day and every stop was a newadventure. The cities in Canada are,without exception, beautiful, modern,well kept and clean and throughoutCanada, they made lavish use offlowers.

Lake Louise in Alberta was the highpoint, both figuratively and literally, ofthe trip. The place is a jewel set in themiddle of the mountains above Banff.The hotel was built by the CanadianPacific Railroad in the elegant style ofthe early nineteen hundreds. The viewis so awe-inspiring that it could be com-pared to a religious experience. Thefood is delicious, also. The Dr. Ratcliffesof Wayne, New Jersey, observed their25th wedding anniversary at LakeLouise.

We went on to Vancouver and Vic-toria, both beautiful cities, then to Seat-tle by ferry. During the ferry trip some-one played a piano, we brought outsome kazoos which we had acquiredalong the way, and the three and one-half hour ride became a merry one! Atthe various places where we were enter-tained, Lou Sand led the group in sing-ing the Canadian national anthem, "OhCanada," followed by "America theBeautiful."

I have only touched on the many in-teresting things we saw and did. Watchfor more articles in future issues.

We parted in Seattle, some to go to

7

the Christmas tree growers convention,some to Alaska and Hawaii, and somehome.

It was a wonderful trip which we willalways remember. We all have a tre-mendous feeling of gratitude for the ex-cellent planning which Alan Knight ac-complished during the last two years.Every detail was so carefully plannedthat everything went soothly from be-ginning to end.

LUMBER GRADINGSHORTCOURSE

Syracsse N.Y. - A hardwood Lum-ber Grading shortcourse is being heldOctober 25-29, by the State UniversityCollege of Environmental Science andForestry (ESF) and the NortheasternLumber Manufacturers Assn.(NeLMA).The course will be held in Syracuse

on the ESF campus, and is beingdeveloped in cooperation with the Na-tional Hardwood Lumber Assn. forsawmill owners, operators, sawyers,edgermen, trimmermen, salesmen, andother employees of the northeasternhardwood lumber industry. Walt Jen-kins, well-known NHLA inspector, willbe the instructor.

Registration will be limited to 30 per-sons, and the course fee will be $140per registrant, which will cover the costof course materials including a rulesbook, coffee breaks, banquet, andrelated expenses.

To register, contact Harry W. Burry(315-470-6562), or John M. Yavorsky(315-4 70-6891), SUNY College of En-vironmental Sciences and Forestry,Syracuse, New York 13210.

~-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~

8 New York Forest Owner

Forty Years of WoodlotManagement Pay Off

In promoting woodlot managementover the years, foresters have claimedthat a well-managed woods is:

-better than money in the bank;-a hedge against inflation;-more attractive to loggers who will

pay higher prices for the products;-like having your cake and eating it

too because harvests can be yielded in-definitely.

Now there is living proof that theseclaims are valid. A timber sale at theWebster Woods, Auburn, in early 1974brought about a review of the 15-acrewoodlot's management history to revealthese gratifying facts.

How It All StartedProfessor Joshua A. Cope, well-

known Cornell University exentsion for-ester, persuaded the poultry farmingfather-and-son owners, Henry andRalph Webster to begin managing theirforest property and to keep records oftheir work for demonstration purposes.This was in 1932. At that time, it wastypical of many farm woods in the area.It needed attention if it were to recoverfrom the ravages of earlier indiscrim-inate cutting. Inferior species such asironwood, hickory, beech, elm anddogwood were well represented. Mostof the hard maple present was only inthe poletimber class. The basswood andwhite and red oak material was well dis-tributed throughout the various size-classes, and negligible amounts of blackcherry and white ash were also present.

The six-man team from CornellUniversity first made a map of thewoodlot using plane-table and chain.The woodlot area was trisected fromeast to west to divide it into three ap-proximately equal portions. The com-partments so created were then des-ignated I, II and III from north to south.The interior lines between Compart-ments I and II and III were plainly mark-ed with paint. The area of the woodlotwas found to be 15.1 acres. Compart-ment I had an area of 5.18 acres; Com-partment II, 5.42 acres, and Compart-ment III, 4.50 acres.

A 100 percent tally by inch diameterclasses was made of all trees in Com-partment I measuring 4 inches andmore at breast height. Each species wasrecorded separately except for pignutand shagbark hickory which were sim-ply tallied as hickory.

After the completion of the tally,

h

Compartment I was again carefullygone over and all trees marked whichwere to be cut that winter. The markingconsisted of an axe blaze on the southside of each tree.

In order to obtain a check on height,approximately 100 of these markedtrees were tagged with consecutivelynumbered aluminum tags placed in thecenters of the axe blazes. The heightswere measured when the trees werefelled. A further 188 trees without tagswere included in the marking.

Compartment II was tallied andmarked in 1933; Compartment III, in1934; Compartment I, in 1935, and soit went on. Each compartment wasvisited every three years with but oneexception in the late 1940's, whenstorm damage caused operations in onecompartment to be extended by an ex-tra year.

According to the original agreement,Cornell University was to provide an ac-curate map of the area, make a com-plete record of all standing timber above4 inches at breast height, and mark thetrees to be removed annually. TheWebster's responsibility was to includerecording the volume of materialremoved each year, the cost of logging,and financial receipts from sale of har-vested material.

As a result of this cooperativearrangement, it has been possible to seethe changes brought about in the standby judicious cutting over the years. Thisarticle will only consider what has hap-pened to Compartment II in whichmanagement operations were begun in1933.

1933 Vs. 1961Before cutting began, hickory and

other inferior species constituted aboutone-third of the total volume in thecompartment. The bulk of the re-mainder - hard maple, white and redoak and basswood - showed consider-able promise for the future.

In 1961, when an earlier review ofprogress took place, the picture hadchanged quite dramatically. Despite theremoval of some 10,200 cubic feet inperiodic cuttings, the volume of growingstock was still greater than that beforeany cutting took place in 1933. Inferiorspecies had declined to one-fourteenthof the volume on the area and valuablehard maple had more than doubled itsvolume primarily at the expense ofhickory. The basswood and oaks haddeclined slightly.

In view of the single-tree method ofselective cutting employed, this was not

too surprising. While the basswood,black cherry and white ash were beingfairly well maintained in the youngerage classes, the oaks were definitely onthe way out.

In 1933, the total growing-stock vol-ume on Compartment II was 15,600cubic feet. Twenty-eight growing sea-sons later, in late 1961, it was inven-toried at 15,700 cubic feet. little dif-ference here in volume, but a big dif-ference in stumpage values occurreddue to changes in species composition,size-class distribution, and inflation. The1933 value at 1933 prices was $860($2600 at 1961 prices) while the 1961value at 1961 prices was $3700 - aSignificant $2840 increase. All this inaddition to the 1700 dollars' worth oflumber and fuel wood (computed at1961 stumpage prices) removed in theperiodic improvement cuttings.

Taking both harvests and growingstock into account, the average growthrate over the 28 years was a satisfying68 cubic feet or .8 cords per acre peryear.

• Change for the BetterThe Websters' almost three decades

of periodic improvement cuttingsbrought about a remarkable change forthe better in both composition and size-class distribution of a "northern hard-woods" woodlot. Moreover, ever sinceplanned cutting was begun, the remov-ed material has been put to good use.To begin with, the so-called "junk" pro-vided fuel for domestic heating pur-poses. Then, what could not be used forlumber was used for fuel for the brooderstoves. The brooders were kept warmwith wood in the early part of the sea-son when a continuous, even heat wasdesirable. Thus, the wood was not onlycheaper than gas, oil or coal; it was bet-ter suited to the task.

Sometimes the man- and equipment-hours expended were as few as 45 perannum but much more frequently, 200to 500 hours were spent each year inthe harvesting of woodlot products.From the thirties to the sixties, wagesearned ranged from a mere 57 cents tonearly $4.50 an hour. The latter wagerate occurred when cutting was remov-ing higher quality material.

The Fourth "Decade"The past "decade" - 12 years to be

exact - has seen a change in the Web-sters' philosophy. This, however, stillmakes the Auburn poultry farm fairlytypical of today's agricultural enter-prises. Whereas woods work was an in-tegral part of the farm activity in the first

September-October 1982

three decades, specialization in egg pro-duction now relegates "forestry" to alow rank in the order of priorities. HenryWebster, who had a keen interest in thewoods, has relinquished ownership infavor of his son, Ralph, and grandson,Neal. He still says with cheerful enthusi-asm. "I'd just love to get back in thewoods if it weren't for these crippledlegs of mine."

As a consequence of this change inmanagerial priorities, the Websters didno cutting to speak of between 1961and early 1974, when a timber sale wasnegotiated with a nearby, reputable log-ger. Because of the quality of the logs,prices paid ranged from $10 to $45 perthousand board feet above averagestumpage prices established by the NewYork State Department of Environmen-tal Conservation for the area in whichthe woodlot is located.

On the basis of average 1974 prices,Compartment II's sawlog volume had astumpage value of $10,750 before thesale was made. This represents an an-nual compound interest rate of 9.3 per-cent on the 1961 growing stock ($3700)considered as an investment. This iscertainly better than money in the bankin terms of both return and protectionagainst inflation. Rate of tree growth inthe 12-year period was a substantial109 cubic feet (1.28 cords) per acre peryear.

Despite the harvest of 11,840 boardfeet of white and red oak, basswood,sugar maple and hickory, a growingstock volume of 20,800 cubic feet areleft as a more than adequate "factory"to produce harvests in future years.

Some History of theFarm and the Woodlot

Henry Webster, son Ralph, and nowgrandson Neal are well known in thepoultry business as the breeders of thepopular "Webster Reds." Farming theland they now possess is a family tradi-tion of long standing. They are able toclaim kinship with Trowbridge Allenwho came to Cayuga County (then apart of Onondaga County) from Penn-sylvania 175 years ago to purchasemuch of the property now owned by theWebsters. The first Webster in the line toinherit the land was Trowbridge's grand-daughter Jerusha, who married Henry'sgrandfather, Hiram Webster. This wasin 1850.

Within the experience of Henry Web-ster, many changes have been made onthe farm. Shortly after World War I,Henry and his wife remodeled the oldhomestead. Built in 1800 and operatedfor a time by the Allen family as atavern, the house originally had fourhuge fireplaces and a big ballroom onthe second floor. The remodelingoperations removed the fireplaces, add-ed many windows and created addi-tional rooms.

The farming enterprise of HenryWebster began in 1911 with the keepingof cattle and sheep. During the depres-sion, when 18-cent eggs looked betterthan 80-cent milk, Henry ceased hisdairying and went into the poultry busi-ness with the help of his son, Ralph,who studied poultry at Cornell Univer-sity. Right from the start, they special-. ized in the raisinq of Rhode Island Reds

9

- a breed for which they are now wide-ly known.

On a carefully managed farm such asthe Websters', where important mea-sures in soil and water conservation arebeing put into effect, it is not too sur-prising to find the most intensively man-aged woodlot in New York. Every yearsince 1932, approximately one-third ofthe woodlot has been subjected to a 100percent cruise. Each tree of 4" d. b. h. ormore has been tallied. At the sametime, trees have been marked for re-moval to give the better-formed stemsof good species the necessary extragrowing space. The cubic-foot volumesover the past years have been com-puted throughout on the basis of tablesmade from carefully measured sampletrees in the year operations began. Thishas ensured reliable comparisons of vol-umes today with those at any point inthe past period of management.

The Websters do not only think oftheir woods as a source of supplemen-tary income; they also regard it as acapital asset which gives them a greatdeal of satisfaction. Probably nowhereelse in the country is there a stand ofnorthern hardwoods that has been sub-jected to such intensive treatment for solong a period of time. It is a place thatwarms the hearts of foresters and stu-dents of forestry - a textbook exampleof the managed woods. If you wouldlike to see it sometime, just take U.S. 20for 11/2 miles west of Auburn, NewYork. You'd be most welcome.

The American Forest Products In-dustries, Inc. (now American Forest In-stitute) were alert to Henry Webster'sachievement. In 1956, they presentedthe Auburn poultryman with the docu-ments and attractive green-and-whitesign necessary to make him one ofAmerica's ever-growing roll of certifiedtree farmers.

As was indicated in a previous article,there is urgent need for increasedwoodlot management in this country ifwe are not to run out of timber by thesecond quarter of the twenty-first cen-tury. What the Websters have done iswell within the capability of you as awoodlot owner if you would but try.Judicious periodic cutting to remove thepoorer trees is the key to developing avigorous, valuable woodlot. Results arenot achieved overnight. It takes time,but in the end you will have a stand oftrees which will help meet a nationalneed and of which you can be dulyproud. Alex Dickson

Associate Professor of Forestry

10

HIRE A FORESTER

New York Forest Owner

For whom does a consultant foresterwork? Answer: For the person whohires the forester. In many cases it hasbeen the woodland owner; but loggerscan hire private consulting forestersto cruise timber for volume and value,locate property boundaries, or possiblyto negotiate the purchase of a stumpagesale from a woodland owner.

A consultant forester works for hisemployer and looks out for the interestsof his employer. If the forester is a mem-ber of the SAF (Society of AmericanForesters), he/she is obligated to abideby a "Code of Ethics for the Professionof Forestry."

Included in the SAF Code of Ethicsare the following three provisions whichhelp to characterize foresters of the NewYork Society of American Foresters(NYSAF) who also are members of thenational SAF. They will help you knowwhat to expect.

"He will not voluntarily disclose infor-mation concerning the business affairsof his employers, principals or clients,which they desire to keep confidential,unless express permission is first obtain-ed."

"He will engage, or advise his clientor employer to engage, other expertsand specialists in forestry and relatedfields whenever the client's or employ-er's interest would be best served bysuch actions, and will cooperate freelywith them in their work."

"He will be loyal to his client or to theorganization in which he is employedand will faithfully perform his work.andassignments. "

Therefore, you may find it advan-tageous to make a slight investment,relatively speaking, of a few hundreddollars to employ a private consultantforester for the services he can provide.

Cost of Consultant Forester -Recently I surveyed a few consultants todetermine what the cost would be tohire one on a contractual basis. Costsranged from $12.50 per hour plus ex-penses to $25 per hour for a privateconsultant forester with prices varyingdue to such things as background andexperience as well as skill and demandfor individual foresters.

Typical cost to hire a private consul-tant forester on a contingency basis tomark timber, negotiate a stumpage sale,and supervise harvesting was reportedto be 15 percent of stumpage price.

One Reason to Hire a Forester - Ifyou know of some stumpage which youhave not been able to buy from a wood-land owner, possibly you would find itbeneficial to hire a forester as your agentto negotiate an appropriate sale whichwill be profitable to you while meetingthe landowner's objectives for income,protection of his woodland investmentand feeling of security relative to "a fairand square deal."

HUMORReal Estate

''There are advantages and disad-vantages about this property," said thehonest real estate agent.

"To the north is the gas works, to theeast a glue factory, to the south a fishand chip shop, and to the west a sew-age farm. Those are the disadvan-tages."

"What are the advantages?" askedthe prospective buyer.

"You can always tell which way thewind is blowing," said the agent.

STATE HAS MORE TREESNOW THAN 14 YEARS AGONew York Times

ALBANY - Despite its image as anurban state, New York is now growingenough timber to cover more thanthree-fifths of the state, a new UnitedStates Forest Service Survey shows.

Land covered by trees has grown to18.5 million acres, 61 percent of thestate's total of 30.2 million acres, ac-cording to the survey. The last treesurvey, taken in 1968, found that 17.2million acres were forested. The newfigure is an 8 percent increase.

Almost all the increase involved com-mercial forest land, which now covers15.4 million acres, or about 51 percentof the state, up from 14.3 million acresin 1968. An additional 3.1 million acresof forest is either in such protected areasas the Adirondack and Catskill forestpreserves or in state parks, swamps andwetlands.

The reason for the increase in timber,according to forestry experts, is thattrees have spread onto marginal farm-land that has been abandoned upstate.But that trend is slowing, according toDr. Hugh O. Canham, a forest econo-mist at the State College of Environ-mental Science and Forestry in Syra-cuse.

"In the future, we will probably notget as much increase in forest land fromthis source," he said. "The land that re-mains in agriculture is pretty viable andnot so much land will be going out ofagriculture in the next 12 years."

According to the survey, farmlandnow covers 6.7 million acres, or 22 per-cent of the state's land, while cities andsuburbs account for five million acres, or17 percent of the total.The federal survey reported that the

amount of timber on commercial forestland was 35.7 billion board feet, up 53percent from the 25.4 billion board feetin 1968. A board foot is a unit of meas-ure of wood that is 12 inches long, 12inches wide and an inch thick.

The increase in both the wood supplyand the number of trees took placedespite a boom in the use of woodstoves since the Arab oil embargo in1973 and the rise in oil prices.

- Rochester Democrat & ChronicleMay 22,1982

FOREST8·ookshelf

Title:"The Land Use Handbook," Section

6Available from:

Department of Conservation, StateHouse Station 22, Augusta,' ME 04333Title:

"Permanent Logging Roads for Bet-ter Woodlot Management"Available from:

U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Forest Ser-vice State & Private Forestry, North-eastern Area, Upper Darby, PA 19082Tide:

"Timber Harvesting Guidelines forNew York"Available from:

Empire State Forest Products Associ-ation, New York State Department ofEnvironmental Conservation, Albany,NY 12233Title:

"Guides for Controlling Soil Erosionand Water Pollution on Logging Jobs inVermont"Available from:

Vermont Agency of EnvironmentalConservation, Department of WaterResources and Environmental Engi-neering, Montpelier, VT 05602

September-October 1982

URBAN FORESTRYCity Life is Hard on TreesThe urban environment, in contrast

to the wooded plant communitieswhere many of our ornamental plantsare naturally found, often presents amuch more stressful condition for trees.

In a typical street tree site, where theunderground world consists of subwaysand basements, tree roots often en-counter limited rooting space, lack ofsoil, and inadequate water. Pavementand soil compaction around the base ofa tree can also create a barrier to rain in-filtration preventing water from reachingplant roots. When these below-groundconditions are coupled with strongwinds and intense reflected heat, whichoften characterize the aerial spaces be-tween buildings, street tree leaves losewater faster through transpiration thanthey would if growing in a naturally for-ested site. This results ultimately indrought stress to the tree.

Drought stress is a condition wherewater is available in inadequateamounts for the long-term survival ofthe tree. Street trees under droughtstress put on less growth, often appearyellow, and lose leaves before their ulti-mate demise.

Woody plants vary in their ability totolerate drought and other urbanstresses (i.e. air pollution, dog urine,salt, compaction, etc.). If a particularplant species or cultivar cannot tolerate

A-An urban tree must fight droughtstress and other city stresses in its battlefor survival.

11

toward more tolerant and diverse plantmaterials.

Information on tree performanceunder drought stress at different stagesin their developmental history may alsobe useful in developing tree mainte-nance programs by providing knowl-edge of the time when watering is mostcritical to ensure the survival of a partic-ular tree species.

Writer /Resource:Nina L. Bassuk and Betsey Wittick,

Department of Floriculture and Orna-mental Horticulture, New York StateCollege of Agriculture and Life Sci-ences, Cornell.

A Russian Olive makes a fine shade tree.

B-Pavement around the base of atree can prevent water from reachingthe roots.

these conditions, it will die, resulting inthe loss of time and money used inplanting it, as well as aesthetic deterior-ation in the urban landscape. Selectionof better adapted trees that can toleratethese conditions will increase theirchances for long-term survival.

Unfortunately, little is known aboutthe ability of many woody ornamentalsto tolerate drought stress. Observationsof trees under varying site conditionshave been the source of much of our in-formation on drought tolerance; how-ever, this information is only limited toplants that are commonly used in thelandscape. This is a rather costly andimpractical method for most municipal-ities, homeowners, and arborists, sinceif a tree dies it must be removed andreplaced. Also, it is difficult to comparespecies or cultivars for relative toler-ances because planting sites can differsignificantly from one another.

In an effort to provide information onadaptable trees for urban areas, the Ur-ban Horticulture Institute at Cornell iscurrently developing a program todocument woody ornamental toleranceto drought stress. Researchers are look-ing at how various species and cultivarsperform under different durations, tim-ings, and intensities of drought. Partic-ular emphasis is being placed on pro-viding information on cultivar dif-ferences and on those species that arenot commonly planted because theirperformance under dry conditions is notknown. The aim is to develop a screen-ing program for assessing drought toler-ance in trees where such informationwould be used to guide tree selection

Non profit org.bulk rate

U.S. POSTAGEPAID

Camillus, N.Y.13031

Permit No. 57

Evelyn A. StockEditor

57'::11 Ike Dixon Rd.Camillus,N.Y. 13031

A Look at ForestryIn The Philippines

By Aida Quilloy

Five foresters from the Philippinesare presently enrolled in the graduateprogram of the State University of NewYork, School of Forestry in Syracuseunder the auspices of the UnitedNation's Food and Agriculture Organi-zation (FAO). The five FAO fellowshold responsible positions in the Philip-pines' Forestry Service (Bureau of For-est Development.)

Of the five, four are pursuing mastersdegrees in forestry; economics; multipleuse forest management; wildlife; andforest extension, and the fifth one is get-ting her PhD in forest economics andpolicy.

Considering the type of forest thePhilippines has (tropical) you maywonder if the additional knowledge theywill acquire here will be useful. All fivescholars believe that they definitely canuse what they learn to contribute to thefurther development of forest manage-

ment in their country to enable it toadapt to the changing times.The Philippines have a tropical for-

est with 50% of the total land area con-sidered forest land, of which 90% isstate owned. The forest lands are leasedto qualified citizens to develop andutilize. The forest is under the super-vision of the Bureau of Forest Develop-ment (BFD) and uses two manage-ment concepts: Multiple use forestmanagement and sustained yieldmanagement.

Under the sustained yield forestmanagement plan a selective loggingsystem of harvesting is implemented,harvesting only 60% of the harvestabletimber and leaving behind 40% for re-generation to ensure a timber supply forthe future.

One of the recent strategies of thegovernment in forest management istree farming and industrial tree plan-tations. This is to encourage public in-volvement in reforestation of denudedareas. The government is giving anumber of incentives to qualified citi-zens who will engage in industrial treeplanting, tree farming and/or agro for-estry. Forest lands are leased to anyqualified citizen for a period of 50 yearsfor the establishment of an industrialtree plantation, tree farm, or agro-for-estry farm to maximize the developmentand utilization of forest lands. Amongthe incentives granted are the following:

1. payment of a minimal filing fee of$25.31 for 1000 acres.

2. no rental on the land during thefirst five years.

3. a minimal rental starts at the sixthyear.

4. only 6% of the current marketvalue of timber and other forest prod-ucts grown and cut or gathered on anindustrial tree plantation or tree farm ischarged the leasee.

5. free technical advice and assis-tance is given to persons who will

develop their privately owned lands asan industrial plantation.

6. seedlings are sold at cost to per-sons who will develop their privatelyowned lands.7. a deduction of 331/3 % of the in-

vestor's actual investment from his tax-able income is made for the year, pro-viding that the investment shall not bewithdrawn for a period of at least tenyears.

Aida Quilloy is an enthusiastic younglady who looks as though she spent herafternoons doing embroidery, but is get-tingher graduate degree in Forest Ex-tension, and is very capable in theforest. Her home town is Los BanosLaguna, Philippines. '

C. Eugene Farnsworth, our formerpresident, went to the Philippines afterWorld..War II, along with Floyd Carlsonand helped develop a forest manage-ment plan.

At the memorial service for Dr. Farns-worth, a representative of the presidentof the Philippines and the Minister ofLands and Forests expressed their con-dolences and gratitude for his assis-tance.

******

"THE SO-CALLED culture of pover-ty is precisely detrimental to the en-vironment, because the very struggleagainst want, the very struggle for sur-vival, sometimes dictates possession onany terms and by whatever means ofthe resources available. To the poor themost important is survival, not protec-tion of the environment. It is dramati-cally illustrated in our case by the workof the kainginero who ravages everypatch of ground he can lay his handson, to extract some food for his family.It may be uneconomic, but it is the onlyavailable source of life for him. Povertydoes not provide any pattern for humanfulfillment, except the monotony ofwant and misery and continuousdestruction of the environment."

Ferdinand E. Marcos