the nile basin initiative by: rick tuvilla and julius manalansan
TRANSCRIPT
The Nile Basin Initiative
By: Rick Tuvilla and Julius Manalansan
Overview
Introduction
Socio-Economics
Conflicts
Nile Basin Initiative
Steps towards improved water use efficiency
Objectives
Understand the basics of hydrology and drainage basin Management
Understand the creation of the Nile Basin Initiative
Determine the steps taken to improve water efficiency in the Nile
Introduction
Terminology Hydrology
The science dealing with the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth and its atmosphere
Drainage Basin Area from which all precipitation
flows to a single stream or set of streams
Where surface water from rain, melting snow, or ice converges to a single point at a lower elevation
Nile River
6,850 km in length (4,149 km navigable)
Annual Flow: 84 billions cubic meters/year
Flows through many countries Kenya, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Sudan and many more
Socio-Economics
40% of the population in Africa is located in the Nile Basin
Population distribution in the basin is dominated by a shift toward greater urbanization Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda,
and Uganda
Implications for water management Consumes more water per
capita Domestic and Industrial use
Socio-Economics
Growth rates of gross domestic and gross national products are uneven
Higher per capita GDP greater water demand
The relative growth influence future water demands
Increase industrial activity adversely impact water quality If pollution control measures are not implemented,
monitored, and enforced
Conflicts in the Niles
Ancient Egyptian Civilization Wanted the whole Nile
Valley under rule
Colonialism, 20th century Britain removed vegetation Created alternative
drainage paths to divert and improve flow
Negotiated with Ethiopia, France, Italy Ethiopia provide 80% of
water France and Italy prevent
intervention
1929 Nile Water Agreement
Water allocation to support Egyptian planned developments on the river
Divided the Nile’s water Between the two most
downstream countries Without consulting any of
the other involved parties Egypt with monopoly over
resource, Sudan with 5% of river’s flow
1959 Nile Water Agreement
Full utilization of the Nile water, 84 BCM
Egypt and Sudan
The DRC, the East African countries, and Ethiopia not consulted over the final terms Water rights have not
been explicitly mentioned
1959 Nile Water Agreement (Cont.)
Invalidated the agreement
Requested renegotiation to take own interests into account
Ethiopia’s population nearly the size of Egypt Egypt argues population growth to double by 2025
Access to volume of water is vital to support growing population
Ethiopia’s Downfall
Claimed that the country can sustain itself through rain fed agriculture
Successive drought-inducted famines in the last three decades
Ethiopia One of the poorest
countries in world Food insecurity
Ethiopian Struggles
Poverty reduction and increased food security Developing country’s vast
arable land, requires more water
Egypt feels threatened by potential demands for more water
Construction of small dams using small amounts of river’s annual flow Diplomatic influence in
1990’s to block an African Development Bank loan to Ethiopia
Taking a Step Forward
1998, all countries, except Eritrea, joined in a dialogue to create a regional partnership Facilitate the common pursuit of sustainable
development and management of the Nile’s waters
To create an enabling environment of cooperation, action and investments With respect to management of the Nile’s waters
Nile Basin Initiative
Launched in 1999
Members include Egypt, Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia,
Rwanda, and more
Three Departments Water Resource Management
Department Strategic Planning &
Management Department Finance & Administration
Department
Goals
Develop water resources
Ensure efficient water management
Ensure cooperation and joint action
Target poverty eradication and promote economic integration
Steps towards improved water use
Reduce the amount of wasted water Not reducing amount
of water used
Soil and land management Farming practices
Soil and water conservation Erosion
Example Projects
Eastern Nile Flood Preparedness and Early Warning Project
Eastern Nile Watershed Management Project
Efficient Water Use for Agriculture Production
Efficient Water Use for Agricultural Production
Education in watershed management
Establish Training centers for optimal land use
Develop irrigation management
Eastern Nile Flood Preparedness & Early Warning Project
Strengthened flood forecasting
Flood Embankment designs Prevent loss of land
Risk Mapping Indicates high risk areas
Flood Damage
Water Contamination
Damage to Crops
Soil loss
Loss of Livestock
Eastern Nile Watershed Management Project
Fodder trees and grasses Separate crop for animal
feed
Irrigation facilities Use water more effectively
Trenches Preventive measures and
water storage
Improved planting materials Efficient
Results
400 meters of riverbank stabilized
Rise in crop yield from 100%, 75%, 123% Sorghum, Sesame, Phaseolus
Soil fertility, crop productivity, increased incomes
Other Projects
Education of Watershed Management Reduced loss of topsoil Increased crop yield Better water quality
Reduced pollutants Reduced silt load
Conclusion
Nile Basin Initiative Rose awareness issues and challenges Educated farmers on getting most of their land Increased profit to farmers and countries
Simple References
http://www.nilebasin.org/index.php/about-us/the-river-nile
http://www.nilebasin.org/index.php/trending-topic/190-towards-improved-water-use-efficiency-in-the-nile-basin
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/AFR/2010/12/09/389D8859082DC1CD852577F4003A6C1F/1_0/Rendered/PDF/P1035180ISR0Di020920101291891087830.pdf
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/AFR/2014/12/23/090224b08294d38a/1_0/Rendered/PDF/Africa000Easte0Report000Sequence009.pdf
http://iwlearn.net/iw-projects/1094/2584/reports/efficient-water-use-for-agricultural-production-56p-232k.pdf