the nobel prize in physiology or medicine 2011 · pdf file1 1 2 2 the immune system innate...
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![Page 1: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 · PDF file1 1 2 2 The immune system Innate immunity Adaptive immunity Innate immunity Adaptive immunity rapid halts infection no memory](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022422/5a8f8f6d7f8b9a78648db3ab/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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The immune system
Innate immunity Adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunityInnate immunityrapid
halts infectionno memory
slowerclears infection
memory
Components of microorganisms bind to Toll-like receptors located on many cells in the body. This activates innate immunity, which leads to inflammation and to the destruction of invading microorganisms.
Dendritic cells activate T lymphocytes, which initiates adaptive immunity. A cascade of immune reactions follows, with formation of antibodies and killer cells.
TLR
Microorganism
Dendritic cell
T lymphocytes
Infection of the human body by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi triggers the immune response. It occurs in a two-step process: innate immunity halts the infection, and adaptive immunity subsequently clears it.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011
© 2011 The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine The Nobel Prize® and the Nobel Prize® medal design mark are registered trademarks of the Nobel Foundation
Illustration: Mattias Karlén