The Non-Designers Photoshop BookWilliams and TollettFrom the author of The Non-Designers book seriesover 900,000 copies in print!Let Robin and John help you solve the challenges you face as a designer working with Photoshop. If youve spent most of your time mastering InDesign or Illustrator, this book will round out your Adobe Creative Suite skills so you can manipulate images yourself. Whether you use a Mac or a PC, youll learn Photoshop techniques to accomplish just what you need for your projects.In this essential Photoshop guide, youll learn techniques to:Enhance your photographsbrighten, whiten, colorize, crop, straighten, remove wrinkles and red eye, delete or add objects or people, clean up scratches, reconstruct backgroundsWarp images into the shapes you need, merge photos into panoramas, crop photos without deleting the content, extend photos, remove lens distortion, adjust in perspective Create shapes, draw with the Pen tool, and use brushes that paint leaves, textures, or patternsUse special effects to make photos appear hand-sketched, watercolored, embossed, windblownSet type and customize it with photos inside the text, warp it, stylize it, overlay it Use the History panel for multiple undos, and take the mystery out of layers, paths, masks, Camera Raw, and HDR imagingRobin Williams is the author of dozens of best-selling and award-winning books, including The Non-Designers Design Book, The Non-Designers Presentation Book, The Little Mac Book, numerous Mac OS books in the Peachpit Learning Series, and so many more. Through her writing, teaching, and seminars, Robin has educated and influenced an entire generation of computer users in the areas of design, typography, the Mac, and the web. John Tollett has co-authored numerous books with Robin, including Robin Williams Cool Mac Apps, Robin Williams Design Workshop, Mac OS books in the Peachpit Learning Series, and many others. In Johns career as a designer, illustrator, and art director, Photoshop has been a valuable and favorite creative tool since version 1.0 shipped in 1990.US $34.99 Canada $36.99Peachpit Presswww.peachpit.comBook Level: Beginner/Intermediate Computer Book Shelf Category: Photoshop/Image EditingCover Design: John TollettISBN-13:ISBN-10: 978-0-321-77283-10-321-77283-09 7 8 0 3 2 17 7 2 8 3 15 3 4 9 90321772830_NDPB_cover.indd 1 6/29/11 11:27 AMTHE - NON- DESIGNERS-PHOTOSHOP- BOOK-essentialimagingtechniquesfor designRobin Williams & John TollettPeachpit PressBerkeleyCalifornia2012 by Robin Williams and John TollettPeachpit Press1249 Eighth Street Berkeley, California 94710510. 524.2178 voice510. 524. 2221 faxEditor:Nikki McDonaldProofer: Cathy LaneCover designand production:John TollettInterior design:Robin WilliamsProduction:Robin Williams and John TollettIndex:Robin WilliamsPrepress:David Van NessPeachpit Press is a division of Pearson Education.Find us on the web at www.peachpit.com.To report errors, please send a note to errata@peachpit.com.The Non-Designers Photoshop BookROBI NWI LLI AMSANDJOHNTOLLETT%Notice of rightsAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.For information on obtaining permission for reprints and excerpts,please contact permissions@peachpit.com.Notice of liability The information in this book is distributed on an as is basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, neither the authors nor Peachpit Press shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any liability, loss, or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described herein.TrademarksAdobe and Photoshop are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Peachpit was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. All other product names and services identied throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the benet of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark. No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other afliation with this book.ISBN 13:978-0-321-77283-1ISBN 10:0-321-77283-010 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Printed and bound in the United States of AmericaiiiContents1The Photoshop Interface1Photoshop interface overview ........................... 2Panels overview .................................... 4Control your panels .................................5Panel docks, groups, and stacks .......................5Workspace overview ................................. 7Screen modes ..................................... 7Tools overview ..................................... 8Rulers and the Ruler tool ..............................10Measure a distance or straighten a photo ..................10Document guides ...................................11Zoom in or out .................................... 11Pixel grid ......................................122Simple Projects13Whiten teeth ......................................14Remove dust and scratches .............................15Correct a photo thats too light ..........................16Correct contrast with one click ...........................17Rescue photos that are too dark ..........................18Make wrinkles disappear .............................. 19Convert a color photo to black and white ....................20Fix blown-out whites .................................21Alter colors with ease................................ 22Alter colors in Camera Raw............................ 24Straighten a photo..................................26Fill a background...................................27Remove electrical power lines...........................28Liven up a dull exposure ...............................30Manually adjust the contrast ..........................31Resize a photo without cropping .........................32Extend a photo.................................... 34Blur a background instead of replacing it ....................36C O N T E N T SivRemove something from a photo .........................38Lose some weight ...................................39Use a simple Transform operation .....................39Or use Content-Aware Scale .........................40Or use the Liquify lter............................41Liquify text .......................................42Create unique images with the Filter Gallery.................43Place an image inside text ..............................44Add Layer Styles for special efects .......................46Replace the picture on a wall ............................48Colorize a photo................................... 50Modify color using a Hue/Saturation Adjustment Layer ........ 50Paint with the Color Replacement tool...................52Use Colorize in the Hue/Saturation Adjustment panel........ 54Remove a subject from a photo ..........................55Clone something out of a photo ..........................58Correct the dreaded red eye ............................59Make a sky more dramatic............................. 60Create a panorama with Photomerge......................62Quickly juice up the color in spots .........................63Colorize line art ....................................64Colorize the lines instead of the background ................65Hand-tint a photo ...................................663Basic Technical Stuf67Bitmap images .....................................68Vector graphics ....................................68Color modes and le formats ........................... 69Bit depth........................................ 69Image resolution...................................704Select & Transform71Selection tools .....................................72The Rectangular Marquee tool.......................... 73The Elliptical Marquee tool .............................73Single Row or Single Column Marquee tool..................74The Lasso tool .....................................74The Polygonal Lasso tool ..............................75The Magnetic Lasso tool..............................75C O N T E N T SvFeather the edge (make it soft and fuzzy) ....................76Add a feather after youve made a selection ................76Adjust a feather after youve made a selection...............77Modify your selection................................78The Quick Selection tool..............................79The Magic Wand tool................................79The Pen tool ......................................80The Crop tool .....................................82Crop based on another image .........................84Crop in perspective ...............................85Transform commands................................86Free Transform....................................87Transform menu options ..............................88Skew a selection................................. 88Distort a selection ................................89Transform a selection in perspective .....................89Warp a selection .................................905All-Powerful Layers91The Layers panel...................................92The Layers panel menu...............................93Create and organize layers.............................94The Background layer ..............................94Create new layers................................ 95Drag-and-drop to create a new layer .................... 95Create a copy of the current layer...................... 96Duplicate a layer.................................96Select the right layer .................................96Link layers .......................................97Use layer Blending Modes.............................98Change the visibility of layers........................... 99Merge Visible.....................................99Merge Down ......................................99Stamp Visible....................................100Group layers to help organize..........................101Label layers with color ...............................102Layer Styles.....................................102Change a Layer Styles default settings ..................104Copy a Layer Style from one layer to another ..............104Apply a preset Style to a layer ........................104Convert a Layer Style to image layers ...................105C O N T E N T SviAdjustment Layers .................................106Create a Layer Mask ................................108Create Layer Comps ................................110Smart Objects ....................................111Create Smart Objects ............................ 112Edit Smart Objects.............................. 112Duplicate a Smart Object..........................113Smart Filters for Smart Objects .......................113Flatten layers .....................................114Make bigger layer thumbnails.......................... 1146Photoshop Type115Set type ........................................116Point type....................................116Paragraph type .................................117The Character panel ................................118The Options bar .................................. 119The Paragraph panel ................................119Vertical text.....................................120Change type color.................................120Specify Smart Quotes ...............................121Hang the punctuation ...............................121Apply efects and styles to text.........................122Warp text....................................122Apply Layer Styles to text..........................123Rasterize the type ..................................123Set text on a hand-drawn path ..........................124Reposition text on a path.............................125Place text inside or around a shape .......................125Force type to the inside of a shape .....................126Move text to the inside bottom of a circle shape............ 1267Photoshop with a History127The History panel ..................................128The History Brush tool ...............................130Undo, Redo, and Revert ..............................132C O N T E N T Svii8Adjustment Layers133Important Adjustment diferences.......................134Adjustments panel.................................134The Adjustment Layer ...............................136The Levels panel ................................137The Brightness/Contrast panel .......................138The Curves panel............................... 138The Exposure panel ..............................138The Vibrance panel..............................139The Color Balance panel ...........................139The Hue/Saturation panel..........................140The Channel Mixer panel .......................... 143The Photo Filter panel ............................144The Posterize panel..............................144The Black & White panel ...........................145The Invert panel................................145The Threshold panel .............................146The Gradient Map panel ...........................146The Selective Color panel ..........................147Auto Adjustments................................. 147Adjustment masks.................................1489Working with Transparency149What is transparency? ...............................150Transparency preferences .............................150Lock the transparent pixels ............................151Lock image pixels and position....................... 152Use the Fill setting for special efects ......................153Fill image pixels with color ............................ 153Change Background layer Opacity .......................154Save as TIFF with transparency ..........................15410Draw & Paint155Create elbows (LBOs: lines, boxes, ovals) ..................156Change the colors with the Paint Bucket tool..............157Drawing with shapes and pens ..........................158Draw a shape in Fill pixels mode .........................159Draw a shape with the Pen tool .........................160C O N T E N T SviiiDraw shapes in Shape layers mode.......................164Change the Color Fill of a shape ......................166Fill a shape with a gradient or pattern...................166Manually change the path of a shape................... 167Transform a vector shape........................... 167Stroke a vector shape with a brush .....................168Paint with brushes ..................................170The Brush Options bar ............................170Select and use a brush ............................ 171Change the cursor ...............................171Resize brushes................................. 172More customization with the Brush panel .................173Paint with a textured brush ..........................174More about brush settings ..........................175The Mixer Brush .................................. 176The Mixer Brush Options bar ........................176Create a painterly efect with the Mixer Brush ..............177Brush Blending Modes .............................. 178Paint with the Clone Stamp tool .........................179A simple clone project............................ 179Paint with the Gradient tool ...........................182Fill a layer or a selection with a preset gradient .............182Paint with a pattern .................................18411Color Tools185Pick a color ......................................186The Color panel................................186The Adobe Color Picker ...........................187The HUD color picker.............................188The Eyedropper tool .............................189The Kuler panel...................................190Manage the Swatches panel...........................190Add a color to the Swatches panel .....................191Delete a color from the Swatches panel ..................191Save a custom set of swatches as a library................191Share swatches with InDesign and lllustrator ...............191Load or replace color libraries ........................191Reset the default swatches library.....................191Match color .....................................192C O N T E N T Six12Filters & Efects193Filter Gallery .....................................194Filters in the Filter menu .............................195Artistic lters..................................195Blur lters....................................195Brush Stroke lters ...............................196Noise lters...................................196Pixelate lters ..................................196Render lters.................................. 197Sharpen lters ..................................197Sketch lters ...................................197Filters and Smart Objects .............................198Work on a low-res version of a Smart Object..............198Copy a lter to another Smart Object ...................199Delete or disable a Smart Filter .......................199Lens Correction ...................................200The Liquify lter ..................................202Vanishing Point...................................20313Camera Raw205Open an image in Camera Raw .........................206The Camera Raw interface ............................206The Camera Raw Adjustments panels..................207The toolbox ...................................207Noise Reduction ..................................208Lens Correction ...................................209The Targeted Adjustment tool .........................210The Adjustment Brush .............................. 211Camera Raw images as Smart Objects.................... 212Overexposure warning .............................. 21214Puppet Warp213Puppet Warp an image on a transparent layer................214Overlap mesh areas ..............................215Puppet Warp a Smart Object..........................216Puppet Warp anything ..............................216Index217xREAD THIS FIRSTChances are youve used Photoshop on some level, but never had the time to become familiar with as many of the features and techniques as you would like.Tersttwochaptersinthisbookgetyouupandrunningquickly while creating small projects from start to nish. Te remaining chapters provide more exercises and detailed information for the types of tasks that are frequently encountered in graphic design (as opposed to photography).Because Photoshop is an advanced application, we expect that you know how to use your mouse and the windows; the dierence between a single click and a double click; how to nd, open, and save les; how to access contextual menus (right-click or Control-click); and how to use your computer in general. But you probably know all those things already or you wouldnt be jumping into Photoshop! Tisisnotamanual,butmoreofanimage-editingcookbook.Manyof thestepsandtechniquesyoumightneedforvariousprojectsarelittered throughout, so check the index for specic things you need.We cant explain every single option in Photoshop (no one can do that in a book this small). Te more you know about Photoshop the more you realize there are multiple ways to do almost anything. We hope that when you nd a technique you like, it will spur you to go to Photoshop Help (from the Help menu) and nd out more about it. As you explore the lessons in this book, we expect you to poke around, click and prod, and experiment. Turn the eyeball icons on and o and see what happens, rearrange layers, explore dierent Blending Modes, etc.Of course, were in awe of what this software can do because for many years we worked in the design world before Photoshop was invented. To you it might be just an ordinary, everyday miracle thingy. In any case, prepare to have more fun with software than you ever thought possible.R E A D T H I S F I R S TxiThings to know before you beginRight-click:Becausemostpeoplethesedayshaveatwo-buttonmouse, we use the phrase right-click to mean right-click or if you dont have a two-button mouse on a Mac, Control-click.We use the terms press and drag. Press means to hold down the mouse and dont release it until you nish the current instruction. Drag means to press on the mouse, then drag the cursor without releasing the mouse until youve completed the drag operation. We avoid the term click-and-drag because for many things, if you click (which implies you let go), the drag wont work. To keep text short and easy to understand, most instructions for choosing menu items are in this form: From the Layer menu, choose New > Layer via Copy. Tis means go to the Layer menu, slide down to New, and from its submenu, choose Layer via Copy.Brushes: Many tools have brush-like qualities but you dont think of them as brushes. See pages :;c:;, for controlling the paint brushes and know that the same techniques control other brushes such as the Eraser tool, Quick Selection tool, Clone Stamp tool, Blur tool, etc. Get in the habit of using the [ and ] keys to reduce and enlarge the size of the brushes as you work. Choose your tool, then check the Options bar to see what its settings are! Tats one of the biggest causes of frustrationnot realizing that there is some setting that is messing up your expectations. Photoshop does exactly what you tell itits your job to understand what youre telling it!Check the Cursors preferences (page :;:) so you understand that you have control over how it appears.Learn your keyboard shortcuts. We often tell you to go to a menu and choose a command, but when you go to the menu, also take note of and learn the shortcut.One that Photoshopped not wiselybut too wellAlmost Famous Quotes from Non-Designer ShakespearePhotoshop: Its like a recipe for creativity.714Select & TransformIn Photoshop, youll find yourself doing two things over and over again. The first is selecting elements to modify them. Photoshop provides many different ways to select images or parts of images, and how you select an item can determine what you can do with it. The second is transforming elements. The transform commands in Photoshopscale, rotate, skew, distort, perspective, warp, and flipenable you to modify images in almost unlimited ways. Experiment with selecting and cropping in this chapter. Photoshop can only undo that very last thing you did, so work on a photo you dont care about. If you dont save your changes to the image, you can always Revert to the original image from the File menu. Or, to preserve the original, you can also make a copy of the le you want to work on (and in Chapter ; youll learn how the History panel provides the equivalent of multiple undos). What light through yonder Photoshop window breaks?Almost Famous Quotes from Non-Designer Shakespeare4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M72The Lasso tools The Quick Selection toolsThe Marquee toolsSelection toolsShown below are the four main selection tools (and their variants) in the Toolspanel:theMarqueetools,theLassotools,andtheQuickSelection tools. To display the pop-up menus of the hidden tools, press (dont click) or right-click on tool icons that have a small triangle in the bottom-right corner. We include the Crop tool as a selection tool because it selects parts of an image, then transforms it. (TeSlice tools hidden beneath the Crop tool are used to slice images apart for web pages, a specialized feature we dont cover in this book.) Te Pen tool is an important selection tool because you can use it to draw paths around elements, then convert those paths to selections that you can save and edit endlessly. See pages c:.TIP: To deselect your entire selection at any point, use the keyboard shortcut Command D (PC: Control D), or go to the Select menu and choose Deselect.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M73The Rectangular Marquee toolSelect theRectangular Marquee tool. Drag to draw a marquee around an area that you want to select. As with any rectangular tool, drag diagonally to create the shape. With the selection made, you can modify just the selection in any way. For instance, you can crop the image: From the Image menu, choose Crop. The Elliptical Marquee toolTeEllipticalMarqueetoolactsthesameasabove,exceptthatitdraws circles and ovals. As above, any modications you make will apply to just the selected shape. For instance, you can desaturate the selection: From the Image menu, choose Adjustments > Desaturate.TIP: To make a selection outward from the center of any marquee tool, hold down the Option key (PC: Alt key) as you drag. TIP: To constrain the shape to a perfect square or circle, hold down the Shift key.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M74The Lasso toolUse the Lasso tool to draw freehand shapes around a selection when pinpoint accuracy is not critical. Tis is a useful tool for selecting elements that dont t nicely inside a circular or rectangular selection.1Select the Lasso tool in the Tools panel.2Draw a path around a part of the image.Single Row or Single Column Marquee toolClick in an image with the Single Row Marquee or Single Column Marquee tool to select a row or column one-pixel wide (below-left). Tis is useful when you need to trim just a tiny wee bit from the edge of an imageinstead of selecting the rest of the image and cropping that wee edge, use one of these tools to select just the edge. Or use it to add or subtract from an existing selection (see page ;). To create graphic design eects, ll the selection with color, add a stroke of color to the selection, or do both, as shown below.Multiple Single Row selections.When a marquee tool is selected, these buttons in the Options bar let you (from the left) make a new selection, add to selection, subtract from selection, and intersect with selection (see page 78).To stroke or ll a selection with color, right-click it, then select Fill or Stroke and choose your options. (You must right-click while the selection is active.)Selection.Selection with two strokes applied.Selection with stroke and ll applied.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M75The Polygonal Lasso toolTeregularLassotoolcanbediculttocontrolwithamouse,butthe Polygonal Lasso tool is another easy way to draw a complicated path. It only draws straight lines between clicks of the mouse. 1Select the Polygonal Lasso tool.2Click once in the image.3Click a second time and a selection line appears between the two clicks. Every time you click, another straight line connects that point to the previous point. 4To close the path and make the selection, click on the original rst-click point. Or double-clickwherever you double-click, that line will snap to the beginning point. The Magnetic Lasso toolTeMagneticLassotoolishiddenundertheLassotool.Selectit,then trace along an edge. Te path it draws snaps to the edge like a magnet. Tis tool is not very accurate unless the image is a very high contrast image, so experiment with it, for instance, on hard-edge brush strokes youve made or on elements in an image that show a strong contrast between its colors and the background. When you are close enough to the beginning point, this tiny little open dot will appear next to the lasso. That is your visual clue that you can now click and the path will close. 4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M76This selection has a Feather setting of 40 pixels. Edges this soft almost disappear when overlayed on another image.When you copy and paste a feathered selection into another image (above), the two images blend together seamlessly. Feather the edge (make it soft and fuzzy)A soft-edged or feathered selection is useful for special eects and for subtly blending a foreground image into a background. Feathered edges also enable you to create a montage of dierent images that blend seamlessly together.Add a feather after youve made a selectionIf you need to feather a selection after youve drawn it, do this:1From the Select menu, choose Modify > Feather. 2In the little dialog that appears, enter the amount of featheringyou want to apply. Teres no preview, so you have to guess how much Feather Radius to use. To make a feathered selection, choose your selection tool, then set an amount in the Feather eld in the Options bar. Experiment with a , px feather, and then with a :c px feather. Youll notice that the selection has rounded corners, your visual clue that a feather is being used.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M77Click hereto see the list of viewing options.Click anywhere else on the dialog to hide that list so you can adjust the options.77This is a Marching Ants preview, where the selection boundary looks like ants marching around the page. To see an actual preview of the soft edge, choose the Overlay preview mode.Adjust a feather after youve made a selectionNot only can you add a feather after youve made the selection, this dialog lets you adjust the settings and preview them before committing.1In the Options bar, click the Rene Edge button (circled below), which brings up a dialog. 2In the Rene Edge dialog (below, left), set a Feather amount.3Choose how you want to preview the results: Single-click the View well in the View Mode section of the dialog (below, right).4Make your adjustments and click ox.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M78To make this selection,I rst used the Rectangular Marquee tool to drag the top-right rectangular shape.Then I dragged the lower-left overlapping rectangular shape. Then I switched to the Elliptical Marquee tool, clicked theAdd to selection button, then added two other shapes (the second rectangle and the circle). A B C DANew selection. Tis option is chosen by default.When you drag to select, existing selections are released.To add to a selection, hold down the Shift key as you drag multiple selections.To subtract from a selection, hold down the Option key (PC: Alt key) as you drag.TIP: If your selection isnt acting as you think it should,check to see which button is highlighted.BAdd to selection. Select this icon, then drag to select something. Each dragged selection is added to existing selections. You can make two or more separate selections this way, or you can overlap an existing selection to add to it.Modify your selectionIn the Options bar, you have some great settings for modifying the selection. Experiment with these! Tey are hugely useful. CSubtract from selection. Select this icon, then drag a shape to deselect part of an existing selection. DIntersect the selection. Tis selects only where the new selection intersects with the original selection.TIP: To deselect everything, use the keyboard shortcut: Command D (PC: Control D).4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M79The Quick Selection toolWith the Quick Selection tool, brush on the image and the tool automatically detects and selects up to the edges of the element you brush on. If the image has well-dened edges, this works great.1Choose the Quick Selection tool.2In the Brush Preset picker in the Options bar (shown below),choose a brush size and hardness (closer to zero is softer).3Brush inside an area to select it. To add to the selection, pick upthe mouse and drag again in an unselected area (by default, theAdd to selection option stays selected after the rst brush stroke). 4To subtract from the selection, select the Subtract from selection iconin the Options bar, then brush across unwanted areas.5If its necessary to rene the selection, use the options in the Rene Edge dialog from the Options bar (see page ;;). Brush Preset picker.Brush variations: New selection, Add to selection, and Subtract from selection.The Magic Wand toolTeMagicWandtoolisverysimilartotheQuickSelectiontool,above, exceptyoucanrenetheselectionbeforeyoubegin.ChoosetheMagic Wand, then in the Options bar: Set the Tolerance level to a low number to limit the color selection close to the rst color on which you click; set a higher number to grab more colors outside that original range.Check Anti-alias for a smoother edge.To select all similar colors in the image with one click, uncheck Contiguous (if Contiguous is checked, only similar colors that are touching are selected). Just single-click to select an area; click in another area to select more.TIP: To select all similar colors, go to the Select menu and choose Similar.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M80The Pen toolTo learn to use the Pen tool, see pages :oc:o,. Te Pen tool is very dierent from any other tool. If you use a Pen tool in InDesign or Illustrator, youll nd this one similar. When you draw with the Pen tool, Photoshop automatically stores a path in the Paths panel. If you dont see the Paths panel on your screen, choose Paths from the Window menu.You can have many paths on an individual Paths layer (although if they are unrelated to each other, make separate layers for each one). You can apply a ll and stroke to any path, but the ll and stroke do not stick to the path itselfthey appear on another layer as raster images.We often draw a path around irregular objects (or people) that we want to separate from a background. Te path we draw can be made into a selection, then we can use that selection to delete the background. For instance, in the example below, we want to put the stones on a layer by themselves, so we can add whatever background we want. Ive drawn a path around each stone. All three paths are on one path layer in the Paths panel. 1Open an image, then open the Paths panel (as mentioned above). 2Click the Create new path button at the bottom of the Paths panel.3With the new path layer selected, select the Pen tool in theTools panel and draw a path around each stone.Panel menu. Click here to see more options.To change a Path name, double-click directly on the current name in the Paths panel.Create new path. Load path as a selection.In this example, were going to delete the background. But with the selectionmade, you can copy either the selection or its inverse, apply efects and lters to the selected area, change the colors, and so on.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M81Using the Pen tool and the Paths palette, I separated the image of the woman from the background. InDesign is able to wrap text around the path that I created in Photoshop.Too amazing.4Click the Load path as a selection button (bottom of the Paths panel). Te path turns into a marching ants selection. 5Te stones are selected, but we want to inverse the selection sowe can delete the image background: From the Select menu,choose Inverse (below, left).6Press Delete to erase the image background. If the stones are on a Background layer, the background is replaced by the current Background color. If the stones are on a regular layer, the background is replaced by transparency (shown below, right). We can now create another layer below the stones layer, and ll it with a new background color or image. 7To add drop shadows, double-click the stones layer and select the Drop Shadow option in the Layer Style dialog (see pages :c::c,). Background selected.An example of how to use a path in Photoshop to wrap a caption (above) in InDesign. Background deleted.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M82The Crop toolTe Crop tool is not a selection tool, but it is one you will use very often in combination with selecting. You can crop an image in two quick steps without the Crop tool if all you want to do is get rid of an unnecessary part of an image:1With the Rectangular Marquee tool, select an area that containsthe element you want to keep (make sure there is no feather on the selection; see page ;o).2From the Image menu, choose Crop. Ta da. For more specic cropping, the Crop tool provides much more control. You can set the specic dimensions and resolution of the cropped area, and you can see a preview of the results.1Choose the Crop tool from the Tools panel. 2In the Options bar, set the Width and Height that you want the nished image to be (or see the tip below). For a measurement in inches, type in after the number.For a measurement in pixels, type px after the number. 3You can set the Resolution if you understand clearly how it might aect the image. If not, leave it blank.Set ,cc pixels/inch if the image is to be printed in high-quality;set ;: pixels/inch for screen viewing.Click to clear all the elds in the Options bar.TIP: If you leave the elds blank, Photoshop will maintainthe current resolution of the image and resize accordingto the crop area that you draw with the tool.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M834Drag a rectangle around the area you want to crop, as shown below. If you have set a width and height, your rectangle will be limited to proportions matching that shape. 5Once the crop area is drawn, the Options bar changes, as shown. If you are on a regular layer, not a Background layer, you can choose to Delete or Hide. Te Hide option allows you to later reposition the image within the cropped area: just move the image with the Move tool. (To convert a Background layer to a regular layer before you crop, double-click Background in the Layers panel, then click ox.) 6Set the Crop Guide Overlay pop-up menu to None, Rule of Tirds, or Grid. Te Rule of Tirds, a design theory that says compositional elements should fall within a grid of thirds, visually divides the crop area into thirds.7Check Shield if you want to shade the part of the image that will be deleted or hidden, as you can see above. Set a shield Color (default black works best), and set the Opacity of the shield to your taste.8To commit the current crop operation, hit the Enter key (or clickthe checkmark icon you see farther to the right in the Options bar). To cancel, hit the Esc key (or click the Cancel icon next to the checkmark, as mentioned above). To make the selection marquee disappear, click anywhere.Press in the middle to move the crop area to another part of the image. Resize it by dragging a corner handle; hold down the Shift key to keep the same proportion.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M84Crop based on another imageTisisveryusefulwhenyouhaveanumberofphotographsinaproject that all need to be the same size. For instance, perhaps you have a number of sta member photos, and you want all their heads to be positioned in approximately the same area of the photo and about the same size.1Select the Crop tool in the Tools panel, then crop and size an image as you want.2Single-click the Front Image button in the Options bar.3Open another image, then drag the Crop tool, which is now constrained to the previous images dimensions and resolution,to encompass the part of the image you want to preserve. Its up to you to position the cropping box to set someones head, for instance, in the same position as the rst image.4To commit the operation, click the Commit button in the Options bar (the checkmark), or press Return (PC: Enter). To cancel the operation, click the Cancel icon in the Options bar (shown on the left), or hit the Escape key.Lydia Alice Beeson CattRiley Adkins Catt Solomon CattAfter cropping.SerenaPickering CattBefore cropping.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M85Crop in perspectiveTe Perspective checkbox used with the Crop tool not only allows you to crop the image, but make lens corrections at the same time. Tis is useful, forinstance,whenanimageisdistortedinthecameraorbecauseitwas shot at an extreme angle. We often ignore lens distortion, especially when itoccursinpersonalphotos,butoccasionallyyoumaywanttoxit.If you dont adjust the lens distortion as you crop the image, you can adjust it later using one of the Transform tools, Distort or Perspective (see page ,). Te Transform tools are a better choice for some images, because the Perspective Crop tool may crop away more of the image than you want (as shown below-right).1Open an image in which there is lens distortion.2Select the Crop tool.3Drag a rectangle around the image.4Check the Perspective box in the Options bar. Drag the corners of the cropping area to align with the image perspective, as shown below-left.5To commit the crop operation, click the Commit button (the checkmark) in the Options bar, or hit Return (PC: Enter). To cancel the operation, click the Cancel icon in the Options bar (shown on the left), or hit the Escape key.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M86Transform commandsAs you can see in the Edit menu, there are two main Transform items, Free Transform, which applies to a selected layer, and Transform with a submenu of options, all of which apply to individually selected items. Beforeyoucantransformalayerorpartofanimage,youmustmakea selection with one of the selection tools. To select a layer, single-click on it in the Layers panel (details on working with layers are in Chapter ,).Transform commands in the Edit menu.Commit or Cancel transform tasks: To commit the transformation, hit the Enter key,or double-click inside the bounding box, or click the Commit checkmark icon in the Options bar. To cancel, hit the Esc key,or single-click the Cancel icon in the Options bar.To get rid of the selection marquee, click anywhere, or press Command D (PC: Control D), or go to the Select menu and choose Deselect.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M87Free Transform Free Transform lets you do basic transforms, such as resize (scale) and rotate. Also see page ,,, for another technique using this command.1Select a portion or all of the image. If you select it all, open the window wide enough that you can see the corners.2From theEdit menu, choose Free Transform. Te Transform bounding box appears around the edges of the image. If you cant see the corner handles, make the window a little larger.3To resize the selection proportionately (to maintain its aspect ratio), hold down the Shift key as you drag a corner handle (shown above).To resize in any way, just drag any handle. Side handles resize in just one direction; corner handles resize both sides at once.4To rotate the selection, position the cursor a few pixels away from any corner handle (you denitely have to open your window larger for this). When the cursor changes to a curved double-arrow, press-and-drag the cursor. See page o for commit/cancel options.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M88Transform menu options From the Edit menu, choose Transform to access the other transform options, shown below.Skew a selectionSkewing an image slants it vertically or horizontally. You just never know when this might come in handy.1Select a portion or all of the image. If you select it all, open the window wide enough that you can see the corners.2From the Edit menu, choose Transform > Skew. Drag the middle handles to skew the image.See page o for commit/cancel options.The Scale and Rotate operationsare exactly the same as usingFree Transform described onthe previous page.The items of interest here are Skew, Distort, Perspective, and Warp.The Rotate and the Flip options at the bottom of the menu are useful and self-explanatory. Just remember that you must select frst, then operate.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M89Transform a selection in perspectiveTe Perspective option moves two opposite control handles equally, giving the illusion of perspective.1Select a portion or all of the image. If you select it all, open the window wide enough that you can see the corners.2From the Edit menu, choose Transform > Perspective. 3Drag a top or bottom corner handle in toward the center; the opposite handle moves the same amount. Also experiment with dragging a corner handle downward.See page o for commit/canceloptions.Distort a selectionDistorting an image lets you drag each corner to any position, useful when you need to paste a photo into a shape in another image.1Select a portion or all of the image. If you select it all, open the window wide enough that you can see the corners.2From the Edit menu, choose Transform > Distort. Drag any corner handle to any position. If you are matching a shape that is on another layer below this one, reduce the Opacity of this distortion layer to make it easy to align the two images. (See Chapter , for details about layers.)See page o for commit/ cancel options.4 : S E L E C T & T R A N S F O R M90Warp a selectionTe Warp option overlays a mesh on the image that you can manipulate. (For an advanced version, see Puppet Warp in Chapter :.)1Select a portion or all of the image. If you select it all, open the window wide enough that you can see the corners.2From the Edit menu, choose Transform > Warp. Or click the Custom pop-up menu in the Options bar to choose from a list of preset warp options; customize the preset warp with the elds you see to the right of the Custom menu.Or drag the mesh intersections in the image interior.3Drag any corner point or control handle to distort the mesh that overlays the image(see pages :o::o, about working with control handles). 4See page o for commit/cancel options.217IndexTasksalter colors, saturation, luminance, grayscale, 2425bend and twist an image with Puppet Warp, 214216brighten a photo, 18, 3031change the Background layer to a regular layer, 94clean up scratches and dust in photos, 15, 58clone an image from one canvas onto another, 179181cloud patterns, how to create, 197colorize a photohand-tint a photo, 66use the Hue/Saturation Adjustment layer,5051, 54colorize line art, 6465contrast, adjust it, 17, 20convert photo to black and white, 20crop photos similarly, 84desaturate part of a photo, 63drop an image into a Photoshop document, 95drop shadow, create with a Layer Style, 102103, 105duotone, make one quick and easy, 54extend a photo, 3435faded photo, x it, 16x the vertical or horizontal distortion, 209hand-tint a photo, 66, 143juice up the colorbrighten the image, 18in spots, 63in the whole photo, 3031lens correction of an image, 85, 209, 200201lighten a dark photograph, 18, 3031light reections, how to create, 197lose some weight, 3941make a portrait from a snapshot, 36make the sky more dramatic, 6061paint from one image onto another canvas, 179181paint with a gradient, 182paint without worry about going out of lines, 151paint with previous versions of an image, 130131panorama, create one out of several photos, 62perspective images, retouch in perspective, 203reconstruct the background of a photo, 27reduce noise in an image, 195, 208remove an element from an image using a mask, 5557using Content Aware ll, 38using the Clone Stamp tool, 58using the Pen tool and a path, 8081replace the picture on a wall, 48resize a photo without cropping, 3233restore parts of an image to an earlier state, 131smooth out the artifacts in a low-res image,195, 208straighten a photo, 10, 26textset type in Photoshop, 116117make it go behind an object, 108put an image inside of the text, 44white areas in photo need more detail, 21whiten teeth, 14wrinkles, remove them, 19, 58AAccented Edges lter, 198Add Anchor Point tool, 167Adjustment Layershow to use them, 106107alter colors in, 22grayscale conversion, black and white, 20Adjustments panels in Camera Raw, 207airplane contrails, remove them from the skywith Pen tool path, 28with the Clone Stamp tool, 58alpha channel, one use of, 3233Anti-alias in Options bar, 79, 159art gallery art, drop in your own, 48Artistic lters, 195.ase le, 191aspect ratio, resize proportionately, 87BBackground color boxwhere is it? 2, 8choose color with Eyedropper tool, 53, 189in Color panel, 186Background layer, 94convert to a regular layer, 83, 154is not transparent, 149150baselinewhat is it? 116baseline shift up or down, 118bevel, use Layer Styles, 47bezier points and handles, 161bit depth, 69bitmap images, what are they? 68b l a c k & w h i t e a d j u s t m e n t s218Black & White adjustments, 20black arrow tool (Path Selection tool), 163, 165black point, set it in the Levels pane, 137blemishesremove with Clone Stamp tool, 58remove with Spot Healing Brush, 15Blending Modeswhat are they? 98where is the menu? 98Brush Blending Modes (as opposed toLayer Blending modes), 178changing layers changes the mode, 101cycle through the options, 98, 183examples ofColor Burn, with gradient, 183Hard Light, with text, 120Multiply, to colorize line art, 64Multiply, to hand-tint a photo, 66Screen, to colorize line art, 64group of layers has its own Blending Mode, 101Blur tools and ltersin Filters menu, 195set the Blur brush options, 170173soften edges for nal touch-ups, 37Surface Blurremove noise and artifacts from low-res image, 195smooth out wrinkles, 19borders. Seestrokebpc (bits per channel), 69Bridge,openanimageintheCameraRawinterface, 206Brightness/Contrast panel in Adjustment Layer, 138Bristle Brush Preview, 173brusheswhich tools are brushes? 170apply texture to brushes, 174brush Blending Modes, 178Brush panel, 173175Brush Preset picker, 170Brush Presets panel, 173Brush Stroke lters, 196change the cursor display for any brush, 171examples of brush tips, hard and soft, 172keyboard shortcuts to change size or hardness, 172lots of brush tips available! 170Mixer Brush, 176177painterly efectswith Artistic lters, 195with Brush Stroke lters, 196Pattern Stamp tool, paint with patterns, 184resize brushesin Brush Preset picker, 170with keyboard shortcut, 172set brush options, 170173stroke a vector shape with a brush, 168169Brush panel, 173175Brush Preset pickerwhere is it? 2, 170173how to use it, 170171expanded version of in Brush panel, 173Brush Presets panel, 173Brush Stroke lters, 196buttons, use Layer Styles for, 104CCamera Rawwhat is it? 205add depth to whites, 21Adjustment brush to adjust individual areas, 211Adjustments panels in, 207alter colors, saturation, luminance, grayscale, 2425interface in which photos open, 206noise reduction, 208open any le in Camera Raw, 206open a raw image as a Smart Object, 212overexposure warning in, 212Red Eye tool in, 59tools in, explained, 207cancel an operation, 84, 86Canvas Size, change it, 34Catt family, 84chain link icon in Layers panel, 97Channels, example of using, 33Character panel, 118Charcoal lter example, 194checkerboard grid (transparency), 149, 150Ciatti, Ces and Shannon, 36circlescreate a perfect circle shape, 73make one and ll it with color, 156clip adjustment to alayer, 106107Clipping Mask, put an image inside of text, 45Clone Stamp toolhow to use it, 179181clean up a photo with, 58clone in perspective, 203204Clone Source panel, 179180remove or add an element with, 58set complex clone source options, 179set its brush options, 170173cloud patterns, how to create, 197CMYK color mode, use CMYK for print projects, 69change mode in Color panel, 187Color Balance panel in Adjustment Layer, 139Color Fill thumbnail, 164165Color panel, 186187warning in Color panel, out of gamut, 187Color Replacement tool, 52d e s a t u r a t e t h e c o l o r219colorsalter colorsadjust areas separately in Camera Raw, 211Hue/Saturation Adjustment layer, 5051hue, saturation, luminance, grayscale, 2425Background color box, 2, 8ll it with the Color Replacement eyedropper, 53ll it with the Eyedropper tool, 189change color mode, 69, 187CMYKwhat is CMYK? 69change Color panel mode in Color panel, 187change document color mode, 69proper color mode for print graphics, 187Color Balance panel in Adjustment Layer, 139color channels and bit depth, 69color combinations, use the Kuler panel, 190colorize line art, 6465colorize photographs, 5054hand-tint a photo, 66color pickersAdobe Color Picker, 187Color panel, 186187Eyedropper tool, 189HUD color picker, 188Kuler panel, 190desaturate the colorin a selection, 73in spots with the Sponge tool, 63on the whole layer, 5051dull colors, juice them up, 3031, 63Eyedropper tool to choose colors, 189fallof adjustment, 51Foreground color box, 2, 8, 52ll it with the Eyedropper tool, 189gamut, 187grayscale color mode, 69Hue/ Saturation adjustmentschange colors in a photo, 2223create a fake duotone, 54modify color in a photo, 5051keyboard shortcuts for color arent working, 53Kuler panel for color combinations, 190match colors in diferent images, 192modes, change them, 187replace all similar colors in an imagereplace the color of all text on a certain layer, 120with Color Fill of a vector shape, 166with Color Replacement tool, 5253with Target Adjustment tool in Camera Raw, 2425, 210with the Paint Bucket, 157with the Selective Color panel, 147RGBwhat is RGB? 69change color mode in Color panel, 187saturate the colorin an Adjustment Layer, 51, 139in spots, 63select all similar colors in an image, 79simulate CMYK while using RGB, 69spectrum sliders in panels, 51, 187Swatches panel, 190191text colors, how to apply, 118119, 120Vibrance adjustmentsfrom Image > Adjustments menu, 31from panel in Adjustment Layers, 139warning symbolin Color panel, out of gamut, 187in Color Picker, web safe, 187Commit button in the Options bar, 84, 86comps, create from layers, 110Content-Aware ll, 27, 38Content-Aware scalinglose some weight, 40resize without cropping, 3233Contiguous in Options bar, 79, 157contrast in a photoadjust it with Auto settings, 30adjust it with Levels, 17, 31control (curve) handles, how to use them, 161162, 167convert photo to black and white, 20Convert Point tool, 163, 167corner points, 161, 167Cowne, Donald, 49crop an imagequick cropping method, 82crop an image so you can reposition the image within the cropped space, 83crop based on another image, 84Crop toolwhere is it? 72x camera distortion with, 85how to use it, 8285Perspective Crop tool, 85one-pixelwidth cropping, 74Rectangular Marquee tool, crop with, 73, 82resize a photo without cropping, 3233crosshairs in image, cant do anything, 95cursorschoose cursors for all brush tools, 171curved double-arrow for rotating, 87double-headed horizontal arrow, 25Curves panel in Adjustment Layers, 138Custom Shape tool, 164169DDaniels, Jerry, 149Delete Anchor Point tool, 167desaturate the colorin a selection, 73in spots, 63on a whole layer, 5051d e s e l e c t a s e l e c t i o n220deselect a selection, 72, 86Direct Selection tool (white arrow), 163, 165distort an element, 4849, 8889distortion in imagesx with crop in perspective, 85x with Lens Correction lter, 200201DNG Converter, 205document information, 2downward-pointing arrow in layer, 107drawing in Photoshop, 156171.See alsopainting in PhotoshopFill pixels mode of drawing, 159Freeform Pen tool, 161lines, boxes, and ovals, 156157shapes, custom vector shapes, 164165Sketch lters to create hand-drawn look, 197drop shadow, create with a Layer Style, 102103, 105duotone efect, quick and easy version, 54dust and scratchesremove with Clone Stamp tool, 58remove with Spot Healing Brush, 15EEfects shown listed in Layers panel, 99elbows (lines, boxes, ovals), 156171electrical power lines, remove them, 28Elliptical Marquee toolwhere is it? 72how to use it, 73emboss, use Layer Styles, 47enlarge the view, 1112Eraser toolchange its cursor for more accurate erasing, 171example of using the Eraser, 3637set its brush options, 170175Esc key to cancel, 86Essentials workspace, 5Exposure panel in Adjustment Layers, 138eyeball icon, 92eyedropper iconsin the Levels pane, 137in the Options bar with theColor Replacement tool, 5253Eyedropper toolreplace colors in Foreground and Background color boxes, 53, 189sampling ring, 189Ffallof, re color, 51faux bold or italic fonts, 118featheradd feather after a selection is drawn, 76change the brush feather (softness) on the yor with a keyboard shortcut, 172example of a feathered brush tip, 172feather the edge of a selection, 76preview the soft edge, 77feet and inches, dont use quotation marks, 121elds, tips for entering values in, 9le formats to save as, 69le sizechange it by changing resolution, 70check document information eld, 2decrease the le size by attening layers, 114ll a shapeContent-Aware ll, 27Fill pixels mode, 159ll single row/column lines, 74special efects with ll settings, 153transparent backgroundll shape with the Background color, 153ll shape with the Foreground color, 153with the Background color, 156with the Foreground color, 156Fill pixels mode of drawing, 159Filter Galleryhow to use it, 194quick experiment with, 43examples of lters in, 195197ltersexamples of lters in use, 195197Filter Gallery, how to use it, 194resolution afects the lter efect, 68Smart Filters for Smart Objects, 113, 198199nger grips, 6atten layers, 114Flow of any brush tool, 171Foreground color boxcolor pickers and, 186189choose color with Eyedropper tool, 189in Tools panel, 2, 8make sure its selected (tap D), 53, 186text types in this color, 120Freeform Pen tool, 159162freehand shapeswith Freeform Pen tool to select or draw, 161with Lasso tool to select, 74Free Transformapplies to a layer, 8687extend a photo, 3435lose some weight, 39rotate or resize a layer, 87Freeze Mask tool with the Liquify lter, 41, 202frog with red eyes, 59full screen, make image display in, 7fx symbol on a layer, 102103l a y e r s a n d t h e l a y e r s p a n e l : l a y e r m a s k s221Ggamut, proper color gamut, 187Gaussian Blur, examples of using, 37, 113, 195Glowing Edges lter example, 195glow, use Layer Styles, 47gradientsll a layer with or paint with, 182183ll a vector shape with, 166use the Styles panel for custom shapes, 164Gradient toolll in a background layer, 57paint a gradient into an image, 182183graininess, improve the look, 195Grain Vertical lter example, 195grayscalecolor mode, change it, 69conversions, 20, 143144guides, how to use them, 11HHamlet, 117hand-tint a photo, 66Hand tool to enlarge the image, 12hang the punctuation, 121HDR, High Dynamic Range, 69highlights, adjust them, 31histogramshow to use a histogram, 31Levels adjustment, 16, 137History panel for multiple Undos, 127132revert state in, 132Holbein woodcut, 64hover to display tool tips, 9HUD color picker, 188Hue/Saturation adjustments, 2223, 5051create a fake duotone, 54IIllustratoradd a le from Illustrator to Photoshop, 4647share color swatches with Photoshop, 191vector les, 68InDesignpaths in Photoshop carry over to InDesign, 81share color swatches with Photoshop, 191JJPEG lescompressed format, 205save as JPEG for on-screen viewing, 69Kkeyboard shortcuts for Toolschange a brush size or hardness, 172selection letter shown in tool tip, 9when using the Type tool, 116Kuler panel for color schemes, 190LLasso toolswhere are they? 72Lasso tool for freehand selections, 74Magnetic Lasso tool snaps to edge, 75Polygonal Lasso tool for complex paths, 75Layer Comps, 110Layer Masks, 108109.See alsomask areas to protect themlayers and the Layers panel, 92114overview of, 9293Adjustment Layershow to use them, 106107, 133148what are they? why use them? 136137Adjustment panel and settings, 134135Brightness/Contrast panel, 138Levels panel, 137target layer in, 134, 136Auto-Select a layer, 96Background layer, 94change it to a regular layer, 81, 94is not transparent, 149150opacity of, 154Blending Modeswhat are they? 98where is its menu? 93changing layers changes the mode, 101colorize an image, 64cycle through the options, 98group of layers has its own Blending Mode, 101hand-tint a photo, 66clip layers together, 106107, 135136color code your layers, 102comps, create them from layers, 110copy the current layer, 96delete a layer, 94drop an image into a Photoshop document, 95drop shadows, how to create, 102103, 105duplicate a layer in another document, 96elds, tips for entering values in, 9atten layers, 114fx symbol on a layer, 102103group layers into Group folders, 101hide individual layers, 99icon for Layers panel, 3, 92icons in layerschain link icon on layer, 97downward-pointing bent arrow in layer, 107eyeball icon next to layer, 99fx symbol, 103104icon in bottom-right thumbnail on a layer,Smart Object, 95, 111icons at bottom of panel, 93lock icons, 94, 151152triangle on right end of layer, 103Layer Comps, 110Layer Masks, how to use them, 108109l a y e r s t y l e s222Layer Styleshow to use them, 102105quick overview, 4647add Layer Styles to text, 123convert to an image layer, 105delete a Layer Style, 103special efects with Fills, 153Styles panel, use with Layer Styles, 104link layers together, 97menu of options, 93merge certain layers, 99Stamp Visible, 100new layers, how to create them, 95new layer from other layers, 100non-destructive editing of layersuse Adjustment Layers, 106107, 133148use Layer Styles, 102105use Smart Filters, 198199use Smart Objects, 111113Opacity sliderwhere is it? 93use the scrubby slider to change the Opacity, 9organize layersinto Groups, 101link layers together, 97with color coding, 102reorder the layers, 95select a layer; shortcut, 96Shape layers, 165show or hide individual layers, 99Smart Filters for Smart Objects, 113, 198199Smart Objectshow to use them, 111113, 198199drop an image onto a canvas, 95Stamp Visible, 100thumbnailsdelete a thumbnail, 109regular layer thumbnail, 92view thumbnails larger or smaller, 114Adjustment Layer thumbnails, 107, 136137Color Fill thumbnail, 164165Layer Mask thumbnail, 109, 136, 148Smart Filter mask thumbnail, 113, 198199Smart Object thumbnail, 95Vector Mask thumbnail, 164165, 168169transparency on layers, 149154type is always on its own layer, 115, 116unlink linked layers, 97visibility of layers, turn it on or of, 99lens correctionscrop in perspective, 85in Camera Raw, 209with Lens Correction lter, 200201Lens Flare lter, 197librariesof Brush Presets, 173of color, 191of Layer Styles, 104of patterns, 184of Shapes, 164165Lighting Efects lter, 197linesdraw lines with Shape tools, 164165single row/column with strokes and lls, 74Liquify lterhow to use it, 202lose some weight with, 41restore distorted areas to their previous states, 131use it on text, 42lock icon in a layer, 94, 151152lose some weight 3941low-resolution imagesreduce noise and artifacts in, 195, 208work in low-res as Smart Object,replace with high-res, 198Mmagic layers. SeeAdjustment LayersMagic Wand tool, 72, 79Magnetic Lasso toolwhere is it? 72select and snap to edges, 75magnify or reduce the view, 1112marching antsdeselect the ants, 72, 78, 86Marching Ants preview, can change it, 77Marquee toolswhere are they? 72deselect the selection, 86how to use them, 7275mask areas to protect themFreeze Mask, 41Layer Masks, how to use, 108109Quick Mask Mode, 55mathematical shapes, vector graphics, 68McDonald, Nikki, iimeasure a length with the Ruler tool, 10Mezzotint lter, 196Mixer Brush, 176177Mosaic lter, 196Mosaic Tiles lter, 196Move tooladjust character settings on entire layer, 125change text color, 120cycle through Blending Modes with, 183move a guide, 11move all Shapes on a layer, 165move text with, 116, 117reposition image inside a cropped area, 83reposition image inside text, 45multiple Undo, use the History panel, 128132p a t h s223Nnoisewhat is it? 196add or reduce noise with a lter, 196noise reduction in Camera Raw, 208Noise lters, 196non-destructive editingwith Adjustment Layers, 106107, 133148with Layer Styles, 102104with Smart Filters, 198199with Smart Objects, 111113, 198199Oon-screen viewingcolor mode to use, 69le format for, 69resolution for, 68how to change it, 70Opacitywhat is it? 93, 171how to change the value of, 9, 93, 109use the scrubby slider to change the Opacity, 9Option keychange Cancel button to Reset, 25, 209change point on a path, 162clip Adjustment Layers together, 107copy Layer Style, 47, 104create a shape from the center, 73subtract from a selection, 61, 78Options barwhere is it? 2importance of, 13anti-aliasing, what is it? 79, 119Auto-Select, 96Cancel button, 83, 84clear all settings, 82Commit button, check mark, 83, 84Content-Aware, 15Contiguous checkbox, 79drawing options, 158eyedropper icons in, 5253elds, tips for entering values in, 9Mixer brush options, 176Rene Edge of selections, 77selection options (add to, subtract from, etc.), 74Shape layers icon in, 160Tolerance settings, 52, 79type options in, 119, 124Width and Height elds, 82orangutan, 14original image, preserve it, 177Othello, xiioval, make one and ll it with color, 156Ppainting in Photoshopbrush tools and settings, 170175. See alsobrushesMixer Brush for painterly efect, 176177Paint Bucket tool, 157painterly efects with lters, 194197paint with the Clone Stamp tool, 179181paint with a gradient, 182183paint with a pattern, 184paint without afecting the background area, 151panelsnger grips, 6hide or show all panels, 4individual panelsAdjustments panel, 106107, 134Black & White panel, 145Brightness/Contrast panel, 138Brush panel, 173Brush Presets panel, 173Camera Raw Adjustments panel, 207Channel Mixer panel, 143Character panel, 118, 126Clone Source panel, 179Color Balance panel, 139Color panel, 186Custom Shapes panel, 164165Exposure panel, 138Gradient Map panel, 146History panel, 128132Hue/Saturation panel, 140142Invert panel, 145, 146Kuler panel, 190Layer Comps panel, 110Layers panel, 9295Lens Corrections panel, 209Levels Adjustment panel, 135Paragraph panel, 119, 121122Paths panel, 8081, 125, 168169Photo Filter panel, 144Posterize panel, 144Selective Color panel, 147Styles panel, 104105Swatches panel, 190191Tools panel, 8, 72Vibrance panel, 139manage panels(group, dock, collapse, stack, etc.), 36panel menu, 4panorama photo, 62Paragraph panel, 119pathswhats a path? 160close the path, 75make a selection from a path, 80Paths panel, 80set text along a path, 124125stroke a path, 168p a t h s e l e c t i o n t o o l224Path Selection tool (black arrow), 163, 165patternsadd patterns to a brush, 174175ll a vector shape with, 166paint with the Pattern Stamp tool, 184use the Styles panel for custom shapes, 164Pecos ruins, 60Pen toolswhere are they? 72how to use them, 160165add, delete, or change points, 167Convert Point tool, 158, 163Freeform Pen tool, 158, 161make and use path selections, 8081remove electrical power lines, 28set a path for text on a curve, 124125perspectiveclone in perspective, 203204x it with the Crop tool, 85transform or distort in perspective, 8889Photomerge, create a panorama, 62Pixelate lters, 196pixelspixels per inch300 vs. 72 ppi in print, 67, 82raster images are pixels, 68change the document ppi, 70select or draw a line one pixel wide, 74set ruler in pixel measurement, 10show or hide pixel grid, 12specify your preferred measurement system, 82view image at actual pixel size, 12points on Pen paths, how to control them, 161163point type, 116Polygonal Lasso toolwhere is it? 72create complicated selection paths, 75Polygon tool, 159Poster Edges lter example, 195ppi, pixels per inch. Seeresolution, pixelsPreferencescursors, 171History panel prefs, 128HUD color picker prefs, 188quotation marks, 121tool tips, 9transparency prefs, 150printingcolor mode to use, 69, 187le format for, 69resolution for, 68, 82how to change it, 70.psd native le format, 69Pumpkin, Johns dog, 192, 209Puppet Warp, 214216QQuick Mask Modewhere is the button? 2in use, 5557Quick Selection tool, 72, 79quotation marks in text, 121Rraster imageswhat are they? 68raster stroke on a vector shape, 168169raster vs. vector, 68, 122, 159, 164when to rasterize the type, 123Rectangular Marquee toolwhere is it? 9how to use it, 73make a shape and ll it with color, 156red eye, get rid of itin Camera Raw interface, 207in Photoshop, 59Redo command, 132reduce or magnify the view, 1112Rene Edges of a selection, 77remove unwanted stuf from an imagereduce noise and artifacts from a low-res image, 195, 208with Pen tool selections, 2829with the Clone Stamp tool, 58Render lters, 197reset all settings in a dialog box, 25resizeresize a photo without cropping, 3233resize a selected element, 87, 88resize brushes of any sort, 37resize the canvas, 34, 70resolutionchange the resolution of the document, 70diference in lters applied to low/high res images, 198print resolution300 ppi, 68300 ppi example, 67, 70raster vs. vector, 68resize resolution when cropping, 82screen resolution72 ppi, 6872 ppi example, 67, 70work on low-res Smart Objects, replace withhigh res, 198revertreset settings, 25to the last time you saved the le, 132s m a r t q u o t e s225RGB color modewhat is RGB? 69change mode in Color panel, 187Richard III, 121, 125Rosetta, Robins dog, 120, 179, 181, 192, 209rotaterotate a selected element, 87, 88rotate the canvas, 55rounded corners of a selection, 76Rule of Thirds, 83rulerschange units of measure, 10guides, how to use them, 11hide and show rulers, 2, 11zero point, change it, 10Ruler toolmeasure elements, 10straighten a photograph, 10, 26Ssampling pixelswhat does sample mean? 58eyedropper icons in Options bar, 5253sampling ring with the Eyedropper tool, 189Saturation adjustmentswhat is saturation? 139Hue/ Saturation Adjustment layer, 2223, 5051, 54saturate in spots, 63Vibrance and Saturation sliders, 31, 139scale (resize)Content-Aware Scale (resize without cropping), 32scale a selected element, 87, 88scratches and dustremove with Clone Stamp tool, 58remove with Spot Healing Brush, 15screen imagesresolution for, 68, 82Screen Modes, 7scrubby slider, 9, 118selectionsadd feather after a selection is drawn, 76close the path, 75deselect a selection, 72, 86freehand shapes, use Lasso tool, 74invert the selection, 56marching ants indicate selected area, 77, 156modify a drawn selection, add to or delete from, 7879rounded corners indicate a feather applied, 76select similar colors in the image, 79select the inverse of the selection area, 81tools for making selections, 72selection tools, 7275in the Tools panel, 72Crop tool, 8285Elliptical Marquee tool, 73Lasso tool, 74Magic Wand tool, click to select, 79Magnetic Lasso tool snaps to edges, 75Polygonal Lasso tool for complex shapes, 75Quick Selection tool, click to select, 79Rectangular Marquee tool, 73Single Row or Single Column Marquee tool, 74shadow, as in drop shadowadd one in Layer Styles, 47on text, drop shadow and inner shadow, 123position a drop shadow, 47Shadows/Highlights adjustments, 18, 21adjust with the Levels histogram, 31make colors more dramatic, 61Shakespeare, xii, 117, 121shapescenter outwards, create a shape, 73circles or squares, make perfect ones, 73custom shapes, create and edit, 164169ll a shape with a color, 153give it a stroke (border), 156set text inside a shape, 125126Shape layers button in Options bar, 160, 164vector shapes, create and edit, 164169Sharpen lters, 197Sharpen tool, set its brush options, 170sheep, 58Shift keycenter a new image on a layer, 95constrain rotation increments, 55constrain shapes to perfect circles or rectangles, 73increase increments in scrubby slider, 9resize proportionately, 87Sidney, Mary, 81Single Row and Single Column Marquee tools,72, 74, 157Sketch lters, 197skew a selection, 88Slice tools, 72sliders, scrubby sliders, 9Smart Filters for Smart Objects, 113Smart Guides, 11Smart ObjectsCamera Raw les as Smart Objects, 212drop an image onto a canvas, 95how to create and use Smart Objects, 111113, 198199Puppet Warp a Smart Object, 216Smart Filters for Smart Objects, 113, 198199thumbnail icon indicates a Smart Object, 95Smart Quotes, 121s m a r t s h a r p e n f i l t e r226Smart Sharpen lter, 197smooth points, 161soft brushespreview the soft edge, 77selection tools, use a feather on, 7677Sonnet 30, 117spectrumin color pickers, 187spectrum sliders in panels, 51Sponge toolsaturate or desaturate colors, 63set its brush options, 170173whiten teeth with, 14Spot Healing Brush toolremove dust and scratches, 15remove electrical power lines from sky, 2829remove wrinkles, 19squarecreate a perfect square shape, 73make one and ll it with color, 156Stamp lter, 197straighten a photograph, 10, 26strokea selection shape, 156stroke a path, 29, 168169stroke single row lines, 74Styles panel, add more styles to it, 104Surface Blur, 19Swanmobile, 108109Swatches panel, 190191Ttabbed windows, 2separate the windows, 2, 44Targeted Adjustment toolin Camera Raw, 2526, 207, 210in the Hue/ Saturation Adjustment layer, 2223text. SeetypeThaw Mask tool, 202Thornton, Elizabeth, 98, 113TIFF lesattened TIFF holds perspective information, 203204save les in TIFF format for print, 69save with transparency, 154tint an image or photo, 63, 143Tolerance settings for Color Replacement tool, 52Tollett familyBooda, 21James Tollett, 16John Tollett, 16Lois McAtee Tollett, 15Tool Preset picker, 169Tools panelwhere is it? 2nd hidden tools, 8key to select a tool, 9overview of, 89triangles in corners, 2, 8tool tips, 9Torn Edges lter example, 195transform elementschange the perspective illusion, 89distort a selection, 89drop shadow adjustment, 105extend a photo, 3435link layers together to transform a combinationof elements, 97lose some weight, 39skew a selection, 88Transform commands in Edit menu, 8690, 167transform vector shapes, 167warp a selection, 90transparencywhat is it? 150151hide the checkerboard, 150save TIFFs with transparency, 154transparent pixelslock them, 151152unlock them, 94troubleshootingbrush icon shows up on my canvas when I paint, 173controls dont work when I choose a tool in a panel, 174crosshairs in image, cant do anything, 95cursor for my tool is too big/small, 171lter wont apply, 194guides wont go exactly where I want them(turn of Smart Guides), 11I have a dozen empty type layers, 116image is bitmappy, pixelated, 68, 195, 208keyboard shortcuts for color arent working, 53menu bars disappeared (change screen mode), 7photo is too wide, but I dont want to crop it, 3233ruler uses wrong measurement units, 10text typed right of the page, 116what font did I use? 115X through my image and I cant do anything, 95typehow to set type in Photoshop, 116117alignment (ush left, center, etc.), 119anti-aliasing, 119apply efects and styles to text, 122123baseline, what is it? 116bounding box, how to control it, 117Character panel and how to use it, 118color, choose or change it, 118119, 120curly quotes, 121curved line, set text along it, 124z o o m i n a n d o u t227deselect the text and bounding box, 117, 124editable until rasterized, 115edit the text, 117faux bold or italic fonts, 118font family and font style, 118, 119hang the punctuation, 121image inside of text, 4445kerning, 118Layer Style applied, example, 103, 123leading value, 118liquify the text, 42make type appear to go behind an object, 108move the text, 116, 117overow text, 117path, set text along it, 124plus sign in bottom-right corner of bounding box, 117punctuation, hang it, 121quotation marks, typewriter and typesetter, 121rasterize the type, when you must, 123resize the bounding box, 117Returns, dont use them, 117shape, put type inside, 125126Smart Quotes, 121special efects with ll settings, 153text doesnt t inside bounding box, 117tilt the type, 117tracking, 118vector paths until rasterized, 68, 115vertical textexample of, 120toggle to create vertical text, 119warped text, 119, 122typographers quotes, 121UUndo, 132use the History panel for multiple Undos, 128Unsharp Mask lter, 197Vvalues, entering in elds, 9, 118specify your preferred measurement system, 82Vanishing Point perspective editing, 203204vector imageswhat are they? 68raster vs. vector, 68, 122, 159, 164vector shapes, create and edit, 164169stroke a vector shape with a brush, 168169Vector Mask thumbnail, 164165, 168169vertical text, 120Vibrance adjustments, 31, 139visibilityof Efects, 99of layers, how to turn on and of, 3637, 99Wwarning symbolin Adobe Color Picker, 187in Color panel, 187warp a selection, 90Watercolor lter, 195web safe color warning, 187white arrow tool (Direct Selection tool), 163, 165white color, make detail show up in, 21white point, set it in the Levels pane, 137Williams familyPauline Williams, 13, 66Ryan Williams, 5557, 107, 177, 178Jimmy Thomas, 55, 150Scarlett Williams, 5557, 107, 150Shannon Williams Ciatti, 3637Ces Ciatti, 36Lydia Alice Beeson Catt, 84Riley Adkins Catt, 84Serena Pickering Catt, 84Solomon Catt, 84Pumpkin, 192, 209Rosetta, 120, 179, 181, 192, 209windows in Photoshop (canvases)separate the windows, 2, 44window tabs, 2woodcut images, colorize, 6465workspace switcherwhere is it? 3create, delete, and reset a workspace, 7Essentials panel collection, 5wrinkles, remove them, 19, 58Zzero point origin in ruler, 10zoom in and out, 1112