the north v. the south background information on the eve of the civil war
TRANSCRIPT
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THE NORTH V. THE SOUTH
Background Information on the Eve of the Civil War
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Format
Information about the North will be in the left column
Information about the South will be in the right column
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Other Names
Union, United States of America, Federals, USA
Confederacy, Confederate States of America, CSA
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Flags
Stars and Stripes Stars and Bars, and a separate battle flag
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Number of States
23 states (not counting CA or OR)
11 states
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Population
22,000,000 Between 10-12,000,000
(3,500,000-4,000,000 of which were slaves)
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Industrial Development
92% of the Nation’s industries were in the North
Very little industrial development; mostly an agrarian (farming) economy
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Railroad Mileage
75% of the nation’s railroad miles were in the North
Many fewer miles of railroads in the South (25%)
The map on the next slide shows American railroads in 1851
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Financial Resources
Had 75% of the nation’s wealth in banking, manufacturing and shipping industries
Most of the wealth was in land and slaves
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Leadership
Abraham Lincoln Experience as a
lawyer, limited experience in Congress, and virtually no military experience
Jefferson Davis Senator from
Mississippi and Secretary of War
Military experience in the Mexican War
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Jefferson Davis
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Generals
West Point Military Academy graduates
Few Union Generals were effective in leading Union Armies until Ulysses S. Grant’s rise in 1862-1864
Perhaps the South’s greatest advantage
Brilliant, bold military leaders from Virginia Military Institute (VMI), West Point and other academies
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Northern Fighting Strategies
Bring the South back to the Union ASAPNever recognize the South’s independenceStrangle the South with a naval blockade (Anaconda
Plan)Defeat Rebel Armies, split the South in two and capture
the capital (Richmond, VA)
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Southern Fighting Strategies
Fight a defensive war until the Union no longer has the will to fight
Stress how secession is a parallel with the 13 colonies pulling out of the British Empire in 1776
Capture Washington, D.C.
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Capital Cities
Washington, D.C. Richmond, Virginia
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Naval Power
Large navy which grew even larger as the war progressed
Virtually no navy at the start of the war
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Cause for Fighting
To preserve the Union (at first)
Later the emancipation of slaves became a cause
To gain independence
To save “The Southern Way of Life” which included slavery
States rights
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Slang Names for Troops
Federals, Yanks, Billy Yanks, Yankees, Blues, Bluebellies
Rebels, Rebs, Confederates, Graybacks, Butternuts, Johnnies, Johnny Rebs
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Northern Miscellany
Battles were fought away from homeLess skilled in the military artsThousands of immigrants were fighting for no
purpose that made sense to themFarm Acreage: 65%; dominant crops- wheat and
cornDivided politically into at least four groups
(included anti-war groups)
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Southern Miscellany
Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life
Fought on their own land, which they therefore knew better than their opponents
Military tradition: nearly every male citizen skilled at riding horses and using rifles
Violence was a traditional aspect of Southern Society
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Mrs. Atkins Miscellany